taxonID	type	description	language	source
DC6987E14A75E90A58FE39F4FC66FF5D.taxon	description	Figures 1 A, B — 2 A – 3 A, B and 4	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A75E90A58FE39F4FC66FF5D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype: COLOMBIA: Boyacá, Pisba, Vda. Miraflores, Sabana El Crisol, 3174 msnm, 5 ° 44 ’ 57.9 ’’ N, - 72 ° 34 ’ 51.9 ’’ W, 10. XI. 2017, P. Triviño-C leg., PTC 1978, ICN-MHN-L 42687; Allotype: COLOMBIA: Boyacá, Pisba, Vda. Miraflores, Sabana El Crisol, 3013 msnm, 5 ° 44 ’ 54.03 N, - 72 ° 34 ’ 46.9 ’’ W, 11. XI. 2017, P. Triviño-C leg., PTC 1999, ICN-MHN-L 39584. Paratypes (3 males): COLOMBIA: Boyacá, Pisba, Vda. Miraflores, Sabana El Crisol, 3086 msnm, 5 ° 44 ’ 60 ’’ N, - 72 ° 34 ’ 51.2 ’’ W, 11. XI. 2017, P. Triviño-C leg., PTC 1994 - 018, ICN-MHN-L 42686; COLOMBIA: Boyacá, Pisba, Vda. Miraflores, Sabana El Crisol, 3013 msnm, 5 ° 44 ’ 54.03 N, - 72 ° 34 ’ 46.9 ’’ W, 11. XI. 2017, P. Triviño-C leg., PTC 2000, ICN-MHN-L 39587; the same last locality, P. Triviño-C leg., PTC 1991, ICN-MHN-L 39585.	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A75E90A58FE39F4FC66FF5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: M. bernito n. sp. is in many aspects similar to M. levana. The male and female have submarginal small ocelli only in the VFW-VHW (between Cu 2 - A 1 veins), but the ocelli of the females are just bigger than of the male. In the males, the ocelli are reduced to black dots. M. bernito n. sp. differ from M. levana, in the submarginal ocelli in the DFW-DHW and VFW-VHW of both sexes bigger than M. bernito n. sp. The wing pattern of both sexes of M. bernito n. sp. is similar to M. clarita n. sp. (see below), M. levana and the female of M. pervaga; however, M. bernito n. sp. has a wider postdiscal yellow-brown line on the Cu 1 vein than M. clarita n. sp., M. levana and the female of M. pervaga. Both sexes in M. bernito n. sp. are darker brown in discal cell, the postdiscal dark yellowishbrown line is composed of lunular streaks incurved basally in cells M 1 - M 2 to A 1 - Cu 2, while in M. levana, the VHW postdiscal band is yellowish-orange, indistinct, oblique and marked at its distal edge by a thin, dentate and dark brown line, dividing the wing into a yellowish-orange area basally and a chestnut area distally, and in the female of M. pervaga, the VHW is greyish brown, darker brown on the discal cell, and the postdiscal dark yellowish-brown line is composed of lunular streaks incurved basally in cells M 1 - M 2 to A 1 - Cu 2, approximately parallel to distal margin (Pyrcz et al. 2006). Additional differences are found in male genitalia (Fig. 2 A).	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A75E90A58FE39F4FC66FF5D.taxon	description	Description: MALE (Fig. 1 A): Head: antennae ventrally white with yellow brownish clubs, dorsally brown; eyes dark with yellow-brown hairs covering the back base of the eye; labial palp two times longer than head and dorsally covered with abundant yellow-brown and ventrally yellow scales. Thorax: dorsally black covered with golden hairy scales, which that cover the patagium, tegulae, and prothorax, ventrally brown; legs dorsally white with short red spines on the tarsus, ventrally of white color to the last three tarsi, and the latter in turn have many short spines of silver color. Abdomen: dorsally brown, hairy, ventrally densely hairy, first abdominal segment white, median segments yellow-brown and last segments light brown. Wings: Forewing rounded triangular (length: 18.4 - 19.2 mm; mean: 19.6 mm; n = 5), hindwing rounded, tornus rounded; anal margin very slightly excavated near the angle; dorsal surface of both wings hairy in basal half and along anal margin. Dorsal surface ground color coffeebrown. DFW uniformly brown, large-sized androconial patch uniforms until to the submarginal area, completely covering the discal cell. VFW ground color brown, slightly darker at the base, costal margin lighter, it presents a thin orange-brown band between the apical and marginal areas extending towards the costal margin of the subapical, as well as the base of the costal margin area. There are three submarginal small white points between Rs-M 3 veins near to the alar margin or termen; there is a submarginal smaller ocellus in Cu 2 - A 1 cells. DHW is entirely dark brown. VHW ochreous-brown; dark brown at the base of discal cell; with a thin red-brown band that begins from upper part of the basal area in the discal cell bordering the entire median, post-median, terminal, tornal, and coming back again to down part of the basal zone of discal cell, located between the Rs-A 1 veins, but in some specimens, this line is not as pronounced; a thick yellowish-brown band from the base of the discal cell to CuA 1 vein extending to the terminal zone; a very fine line is presents from postdiscal to submarginal area yellow-brown in the Cu 2 vein, and a thicker line from discal to submarginal area yellow-brown at the beginning of the A 1 vein extends to the tornal-terminal part, decreasing its color and hue. These postdsical lines are ‘ V’ - shaped in cells CuA 1 to A 1 and approximately parallel to the distal marginal, similar to M. levana, M. pervaga female and M. clarita n. sp.; a band orange-brown to long of costal margin is presents; there is a submarginal smaller ocellus in CuA 2 - A 1 cells. Male genitalia (Fig. 2 A): Uncus long and arched with length similar to tegumen; at distal tip to valva with ‘ five teeth’, which are very near it one to each other, similar to M. levana (Fig. 2 B); with many hairs along to the valva, extending anteriorly; aedeagus´s length like the valva, elongate similar to M. levana, M. clarita n. sp., and M. pervaga (Fig. 2 A – D); with two dorso-lateral patches of spines in middle of posterior section but in M. bernito n. sp. these spines are smaller than M. clarita n. sp., and M. pervaga although similar to M. levana; the apical part of the aedeagus of the subsequent process is rounded in shape; saccus long. FEMALE (Fig. 1 B): it is a little big than a male, similar to the wing-color patterns to males. Female genitalia were not examined.	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A75E90A58FE39F4FC66FF5D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to the second author’s grandfather: Bernabé Cruz, who bequeathed her his love for nature, the respect and deep admiration for the role of women in the society, the territory defense, his love for trees, wood, and the service to the community; bernito is used in apposition.	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A75E90A58FE39F4FC66FF5D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species is similar to M. levana, M. pervaga and M. clarita n. sp. M. bernito n. sp. presents valid taxonomic characters at the species level, such as the male genitalia and the wing pattern which allows differentiate it from other species. Nevertheless, a molecular analysis should be done to recognize their phylogenetic relationships between them. M. bernito n. sp. was found flying in the paramo over Chusquea tessellata plants in a buffer area on the eastern slope in the Pisba National Natural Park (Fig. 3 A – B). M. levana has been observed flying too over C. tessellata in the Monas paramo near to Guasca-Cundinamarca (Fig. 3 C – D). In the Pisba National Natural Park several threats to the natural habitat were identified, for example intensive grazing of livestock and frequent burning of the vegetation by the local inhabitants. The paramo of Pisba was categorized by Triviño et al. (2017) as a critically endangered (CR). This is in risk of ecosystem collapse, mainly due to intensive mining activity. Until now, the eastern slope of the paramo area of Pisba is the only known locality for M. bernito n. sp., for that reason, conservation plans are necessary to preserve this species and its habitat.	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A73E90A58FE3845FEE0F831.taxon	description	Figures 1 E – 2 C and 4	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A73E90A58FE3845FEE0F831.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype male: COLOMBIA: Casanare, Municipio La Salina, Vda. Chinibaque, Sabana Páramo de la Colorada-Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, 3279 msnm, 6 ° 12´5.57 ’’ N, - 72 ° 22 ’ 58.27 ’’ O, 22. XI. 2017, P. Triviño-C. leg., PTC- 2035, ICN-MHN-L 39582; Paratypes (1 male): COLOMBIA: Casanare, Municipio La Salina, Vda. Chinibaque, Sabana Páramo de la Colorada-Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, 3331 msnm, 6 ° 12´5.57 ’’ N, - 72 ° 22 ’ 58.27 ’’ O, 21. XI. 2017, P. Triviño-C. leg., PTC- 2029 - 008, ICN-MHN-L 39583.	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A73E90A58FE3845FEE0F831.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: This species is externally most similar to M. pervaga Pyrcz & Viloria, 2006, from the Paramo El Táma on the Venezuela — Colombia border, and the Cerro Oroque, Norte de Santander in Colombia. Both species lack any tornal ocelli on both fore and hindwings, as compared to M. levana and M. bernito n. sp, which have tornal ocelli in both sexes, although M. bernito n. sp. has a tornal ocellus only on the VFW. The male of M. clarita n. sp. differs from the males of M. pervaga and M. levana, because of the presences of a thick greyish white line on the base of the discal cell to Cu 1 vein; a thinner line postdiscal greyish white extends over the Cu 2 vein, being thicker in the terminal-termen part; in the A 1 cell there is a thin postdiscal grayish white line that widens towards to the margin of the tornus. The male of M. bernito n. sp. is similar to male of M. clarita n. sp. in the wing pattern, but M. bernito n. sp. has a more prominent, wider postdiscal yellowish-brown line along the CuA 1 vein than M. clarita n. sp. Further differences are found in male genitalia (Fig. 2 C).	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A73E90A58FE3845FEE0F831.taxon	description	Description: MALE (Fig. 1 E): Head: antennae ventrally white with yellow-brown clubs, dorsally brown, with club twice as broad as shaft; eyes dark with yellow-brown hairs covering the back base of the eye; labial palp two times longer than head and covered with abundant light brown and black hairy scales. Thorax: dorsally blackish brown, ventrally brown, densely hairy, yellow, covering the patagium. tegulae and prothorax; legs dorsally white with short red spines on the tarsus, ventrally white till last three tarsi which have many short silver spines. Abdomen: dorsally dark brown hairy, ventrally densely hairy, lighter on ventral surface, especially at the posterior tip, first abdominal segment white and last segments light brown. Wings: Forewing triangular (length: 17 - 20.2 mm; mean: 19.6 mm; n = 2), hindwing rounded, tornus rounded, anal margin straight; dorsal surface of both wings hairy in basal half and along anal margin. Dorsal surface ground color coffee-brown; diffuse darker orange patch on DHW tornus. DFW uniform brown color, large-sized androconial patch uniforms until to the submarginal area, completely covering the discal cell. VFW ground color brown, slightly darkened at the base, costal margin lighter, distal margin, apical and subapical region ochraceous-brown, as well as the base of costal margin. VHW darker orange brown; darker brown at the base of discal cell; a thick greyish white line from the base of the discal cell to Cu 1 vein extending to the termen, a thinner line from discal to submarginal zone greyish white extends over the vein Cu 2, being thicker in the terminal part up to the termen, and in the cell A 1 there is a thin postdiscal grayish white line that widen towards to the margin of the tornus near to anal angle. These postdsical lines ‘ V’ - shaped in cells Cu 1 to A 1, and approximately parallel to the distal marginal. Male genitalia (Fig. 2 C): Uncus long and arched with length similar to tegumen; at distal tip to valva ‘ five teeth’, which are a little apart from each other, and more prominent than M. pervaga (Fig. 2 D); it has dense hair from sacculus towards apex; aedeagus as long as valva, elongate, similar to M. bernito n. sp., M. pervaga and M. levana; with two dorso-lateral patches of spines in middle of posterior section, but in M. clarita n. sp. these spines are more robust than the others; the apical part of the aedeagus of the subsequent process is rectangular in shape; saccus shorter and breadth. FEMALE: unknown.	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A73E90A58FE3845FEE0F831.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is a dedication to Clara Inés Jiménez Moreno, mother of the first author, Mahecha-J. She has been the inspiration and support for him throughout his life. Thank you for your dedication to being the best mom and grandmother.	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
DC6987E14A73E90A58FE3845FEE0F831.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species is externally most similar to M. levana, M. pervaga and M. bernito n. sp. This species may be designated as vulnerable, because of the loss of natural habitats where it occurs. In this kind of habitat, many anthropic activities take place, such as livestock and mining. Ecological studies are necessary to evaluate the status of this species.	en	Mahecha-J, Oscar, Triviño, Paola, Andrade-C, M. Gonzalo, Pyrcz, Tomasz W. (2021): Two new species of Manerebia Staudinger from paramo habitat in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera of the Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Pronophilina). Zootaxa 4970 (2): 293-302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.3
