taxonID	type	description	language	source
C37B8D572E20C932FF72B76759CB71F6.taxon	description	Description. External characters and pregenital abdomen (diagnostic characters underlined) (Figures 1, 6): Wingspan male 27 – 35 mm, female 34 – 39 mm. Ground colour variable (see Variation), dominant colours being different shades of reddish-brown and green. Medial lines often whitish (see Variation). Medial line angled before costa, basal part moves away from costa (not parallel with costa). Postmedial line angled before costa, weakly angled outwards on inner margin. Medial area often slightly darker than rest of wing, narrowest in middle. Hindwings with postmedial line visible only. Terminal line and fringes near forewing apex normally concolorous with wings. Hindwing postmedial line distinct, curved. Discal spots absent. Wings below as above, but paler. Frons pale-brown to brown-red, thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Area between antennae (vertex) white. Antennae white dorsally, male antennae bipectinate, female antennae weakly fasciculate. Hindleg tibia of both sexes with 2 + 2 spurs. Tympanal organs medium-sized. Sternites and tergites 3 – 8 of both sexes undifferentiated. Male genitalia (diagnostic characters underlined) (Figure 10): Uncus setose, subapical part rather wide, apex short, roundish. Socii small, setose. Gnathos absent. Valva narrow, apex wider dorsally, sparsely setose. Valva with subapical spine (occasionally with two spines) in ventral margin. Valva base with narrow, symmetric, sclerotised extension. Transtilla wide plate, anterior margin with two concavities. Juxta small, with two setose patches. Saccus very elongated, weakly curved laterally. Aedeagus narrow, caecum long. Aedeagus with straight additional arm, distance between aedeagus and additional arm narrow, apex not expanded, weakly dentate. Vesica opens at approximately 90 degrees angle. Vesica evenly narrowing tube, base with straight row of microcornuti. Female genitalia (diagnostic characters underlined) (Figure 14): Papillae anales wide, setose. Apophyses posteriores long, straight. Apophyses anteriores about 1 / 4 length of apophyses posteriores. Lamella postvaginalis large, horizontally striated, partly sclerotised. Lamella antevaginalis often large, margin roundish, weakly sclerotised ridge. Sterigma with membranous, flower-like frill. Ductus bursae short, weakly sclerotised laterally. Posterior part of corpus bursae narrow, rather long, sclerotised, surface granulate. Anterior part of corpus bursae round, membranous. Signum absent or minute, roundish.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E20C932FF72B76759CB71F6.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Figure 18). Eurasian. In Europe from northern Scandinavia to central Iberian peninsula, central Italy and Greece and from British Isles to Ural mountains. In central Italy the species occurs surely in Tuscany and in the northern Marche, while the identity of specimens from Abruzzo must be confirmed by further research. Outside Europe eastwards through southern Siberia to Transbaikal (Dahuria) and Sakha regions East of Lake Baikal, in Caucasus region (subspecies flavella (Wehrli )) and Turkey (nominate subspecies in the northwesternmost part). In the rest of Turkey replaced by subspecies cedricola (Wehrli).	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E20C932FF72B76759CB71F6.taxon	discussion	Phenology. Bivoltine. In southern Europe from April to May, and from August to September (Robineau 2007; Redondo et al. 2009), in central Europe from May to October, distinction between generations not clear (Ebert 2003). In northern Europe (data from Finland, Figure 19), from mid-May to October, distinction between generations not clear (Finnish Entomological database 2013). Caterpillar overwinters.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E20C932FF72B76759CB71F6.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Caterpillar feeds on the needles of Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua (Mikkola et al. 1989; Ebert 2003; Robineau 2007). Subspecies cedricola (Wehrli) has been reared in captivity on Pseudotsuga menziesii (Bernd Müller, pers. comm.). Adults are nocturnal, attracted to light. Habitat. Coniferous forests, and less frequently in areas with coniferous trees such as Nordic wetlands. Altitude range from sea level to 1300 m in central Europe (Ebert 2003) and up to 2300 m in the Pyrenees (Redondo et al. 2009).	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E20C932FF72B76759CB71F6.taxon	discussion	Similar species. All four species in Palaearctic Hylaea fasciaria species group are similar. The diagnostic, external characters shown in Figures 6 – 9 are somewhat tentative and should not be used in isolation, but should be combined with information on biology, collecting locality, male and female genitalia and DNA barcodes. An overview of diagnostic morphological features is given in Table 1. Genetic data. Genetically comparatively homogeneous in Europe and Transcaucasia (n = 40, from 11 countries), mean intraspecific variation 0.21 %, maximum variation 1.71 %. The taxon cedricola from Turkey exactly barcode-sharing (n = 10), mean intraspecific variation 0.13 %, maximum variation 0.46 %. Nearest species: Hylaea mediterranea (minimum pairwise distance 3.3 %). See Figure 26. Variation (Figure 1). Highly variable. Ground colour varies from grey-reddish to dark grey, to yellowish-green and to various shades of green. Various shades of reddish-brown are dominant in northern Europe, and in northern parts of Scandinavia only these colours exist, whereas in southern Europe various shades of green (f. prasinaria) are dominant. In many areas both colour morphs coexist. Position, width and colour of medial lines variable, those often stand out weakly in reddish-brown specimens, being almost concolorous with wings, grey or blueish-grey. In green specimens the medial lines are usually white, thinner in females. Numerous infrasubspecific forms have been described, those are summarised in Prout (1912 – 1916), Wehrli (1939 – 1954) and in Leraut (2009). H. fasciaria ssp. cedricola (Wehrli) (Figures 1 h, 1 i) has wings rather dark green, medial lines are whitish and close to each other. Forewing margin is weakly concave below apex. Only green specimens are known. We retain taxon valid at subspecies level, due to the concave forewing margin, the narrow medial area and the conspicuous transverse lines not reaching the forewing costa. The taxon is, according to current knowledge, allopatric and restricted to Turkey (and Near East?). H. fasciaria ssp. flavella (Wehrli) (Figure 1 e) has wings grey-yellowish, and forewing medial line is not visible near costa. We have not had access to extensive materials from the Transcaucasus, apart from two specimens from Georgia. Those were DNA barcoded, and they grouped together with other H. fasciaria specimens. The type specimen of flavella has not been located (collection is not mentioned in the original description), thus we have not been able to establish the identity of the Georgian specimens relative to flavella. We follow Wehrli (1939 – 1954, p. 507), who cited Heydemann (1942), in his decision to raise the taxon to subspecies rank, and retain taxon valid at subspecies level. The taxon is, according to current knowledge, allopatric and restricted to Armenia (Transcaucasus). Scoble (1999) did not mention the taxon at all, Viidalepp (1996) consided it valid at subspecies level. Remarks. H. fasciaria ssp. cleui Leraut, illustrated in Leraut (2009) and Hausmann (2001; fig. 66), (Fig. 1 g is also close) is downgraded from subspecies rank to junior synonym to the nominal subspecies of H. fasciaria (Linnaeus). Wings are purple-pink to crimson-red and medial lines are ash grey. Taxon is known from southern French Alps. In the adjacent Valesia (southern Switzerland,> 200 specimens examined in the ZSM) such forms are dominant but mixed with green and red forms, potentially supporting the existence of a cline. This indicates that cleui, although locally dominant phenotype, does not constitute a subspecies because it lacks disjunct external features, and it is questionable whether the southern French Alps populations are geographically isolated from other populations in the Alps. DNA barcodes are not available, so far, for French Alps populations.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2BC93DFF72B7255874714A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male: HOLOTYPE / Hylaea / mediterranea [red rectangle label]; Italy, Sicily, 5.7 km ESE San Stefano Quisquina, near Pizzo della Rondine, 1000 m, 9. - 10. x. 2010, Peder Skou leg.; Prep. number 1738., Pasi Sihvonen (coll. Skou, Denmark, to be deposited at the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark). Paratypes altogether 6 males and 4 females. 1 male and 3 females: Italy, Sicily, / 5.7 km ESE San / Stefano Quisquina, / near Pizzo della Rondine, / 1000 m, 9. - 10. x. 2010, / Peder Skou leg.; Prep. number 1739. /, Pasi Sihvonen. 1 female: Italy, Sicilia, / 7 km S. of Castelbuono, / 1350 m, 5. vi. 2005, / Peder Skou leg. (both specimens in coll. Peder Skou, Denmark). 1 male: Italy, Sicily, Mt Etna / Ragabo restaur. / 7 km SW Linguaglossa, / 1450 m, 8 – 9. ix. 2002 / Leg. M. Fibiger & / G. Jeppesen. 1 male: Italy, Sicily, / 5.3 km SE Collesano, / Rifugio Orestano, / 1100 m, 8. x. 2010, / Peder Skou leg (all in coll. Skou, Denmark). 1 male: Italien, Sizilien / Aetna, Nicolosi / Monte San Leo / 1110 m, / N 3739 ’ - E 1459 ’ / 2. Juni 2001 / leg. Norbert Pöll; 305 [genitalia dissected, slide number 305 N. Pöll] (in coll. Pöll, Austria). 1 male: Italia / Sicilia / Campo Italia, 442 m [38.2508 ° N 15.5442 ° E] / 30.5.2010 / leg. M. Infusino [DNA barcode specimenID BC MI 0116] (Universià di Messina, Zoological Collection, Italy). 1 male: Sicilia or. / Mte. Etna / 2 km S Milo / (CT) 800 m / 20. VIII. 2001 / lg. Hausmann [DNA barcode specimen ID BC ZSM Lep 14248] (ZSM). Other material examined: 1 female: Italy, Calabria, M. Cocuzzo, 1150 m, leg. S. Scalercio, 28.7.1997, BC ZSM Lep 14249 (DNA barcode analysed, ZSM). 1 male: Italy, Sicily, Etna, Valverde, 350 m, 29.8.2008, GF Lep 0016 (DNA barcode analysed, Research Collection of Gabriele Fiumi, Italy). 1 male, Italy, Sicily, Etna, Valverde, 350 m, 29.8.2008, GF Lep 0017 (DNA barcode analysed, Research Collection of Gabriele Fiumi, Italy). 3 males: Italy: Molise / Isernia - Pescopennataro / 1200 m / 41.8769 N, 14.2935 E / A. Sciarretta 30 - Jun- 2013; GWOTL 1120 - 13; BC ZSM Lep 73518 [other 2 males with same label data except BC ZSM Lep 73519 and BC ZSM Lep 73520] (coll. University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy). Further 4 males and 7 females from Calabria (CS, Monte Cocuzzo; CS, Cava di Melis; CS, Cosenza / Donnici; VV, Lago Angitola; all in ZSM) in habitus corresponding to the characteristic features of H. mediterranea but excluded from the type series because of the distance from the type locality and the missing confirmation by DNA barcodes.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2BC93DFF72B7255874714A.taxon	description	Description. External characters and pregenital abdomen (diagnostic characters underlined) (Figures 2, 7): Wingspan male 31 mm (n = 4), female 37 – 41 mm (n = 4). Wings light green, medial lines white. Medial line curved before costa, basal part moves away from costa (not parallel with costa). Postmedial line rather straight, only weakly curved, barely angled before it reaches costa near apex and evenly curved outwards on inner margin. Medial area concolorous with rest of wing. Terminal line and fringes concolorous with wings, forewing apex dark red. Hindwing postmedial line distinct, curved. Discal spots absent. Wings below as above, but paler. Frons redbrown, thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Area between antennae (vertex) white. Antennae white dorsally, male antennae bipectinate, female antennae fasciculate. Hindleg tibia of both sexes with 2 + 2 spurs. Tympanal organs medium-sized. Sternites and tergites 3 – 8 of both sexes undifferentiated. Male genitalia (Figure 11): Generally as in H. fasciaria (Linnaeus) and H. pinicolaria (Bellier). Aedeagus with additional arm, apex not expanded in H. mediterranea (apex expanded in H. compararia). Base of vesica with straight row of microcornuti in H. mediterranea (vesica with angled row of microcornuti, reaching aedeagus apex in H. compararia). Uncus relatively narrower before wide apex in H. mediterranea (uncus relatively wider before wide apex in H. fasciaria and H. pinicolaria, but the differences are not clear-cut). Female genitalia (Figure 15): Generally as in H. fasciaria and H. pinicolaria (Bellier), but with following quantitative difference: signum large in H. mediterranea (signum absent or minute in H. fasciaria, H. pinicolaria and in H. compararia). Genitalia are large in H. mediterranea (genitalia considerably smaller in H. compararia). Shape and size of the lamella antevaginalis, and width and length of the posterior part of the corpus bursae are variable and should be treated with caution.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2BC93DFF72B7255874714A.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Figure 20). Type specimens originate from Sicily (Italy, DNA barcoded), one specimen from Calabria (Italy, taken out of a longer series and DNA barcoded) and three specimens from Molise (Italy, DNA barcoded). One further specimen has been reported from the island of Marettimo, West of Sicily (L. Dapporto, pers. comm., not DNA barcoded). Outside this the distribution area needs verification. Some specimens from Greece, for instance from Mount Parnassos, Karpenision and Lesvos, are externally similar, but the female signum is small, thus not agreeing with the Italian material. DNA barcodes are not available, so far, for Greek populations. Phenology. Bivoltine: In Sicily it flies from late May (rarely early May) to early July and from late August to late October (Flamigni et al. in press).	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2BC93DFF72B7255874714A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The species has been reared (G. Fiumi and D. Righini) from the Etna Mountain, Sicily. Female laid eggs on May 1 st (Figure 22), the caterpillars fed on the needles of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies (Figure 23), the first pupa was observed on June 26 th (Figure 24) and the first adult (Figure 25) emerged on 11 July. Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies are not present in Sicily; in the collecting localities Pinus laricio and P. halepensis are common. Habitat (Figure 21). In pine forests and places with more scattered pine trees. Altitude range from sea level to 1780 m (Flamigni et al. in press). Similar species. All four species in the Palaearctic Hylaea fasciaria species group are similar. The diagnostic, external characters shown in the Figures 6 – 9 are somewhat tentative and should not be used in isolation, but should be combined with other information including biology, collecting locality, male and female genitalia and DNA barcodes. An overview of diagnostic morphological features is given in Table 1. The taxon squalidaria (as judged from the original figure) differs in the straight forewing medial line, not curved at costa; forewing medial and postmedial lines at large distance, thus the medial area very broad; hindwing postmedial line strongly curved, parallel to termen. Genetic data. Genetically homogeneous in Calabria, Molise and Sicily (n = 8), mean intraspecific variation 0.19 %, maximum variation 0.46 %. Nearest species: Hylaea fasciaria (minimum pairwise distance 3.3 %). See Figure 26.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2BC93DFF72B7255874714A.taxon	description	Variation. Little variation in habitus observed, so far. Forewing postmedial line is straight or weakly curved outwards on inner margin. The specimens from Calabria (Italy) often have the forewing postmedial line clearly angled before it reaches costa. Only light green specimens are known.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2BC93DFF72B7255874714A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name mediterranea refers to the Mediterranean area, where the species occurs.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2EC93AFF72B7B35CAA753A.taxon	description	Description. External characters and pregenital abdomen (Figures 3, 8) (diagnostic characters underlined): Wingspan male 32 – 34 mm, female 39 – 42 mm. Wings light green, medial lines white. Medial line curved before costa, basal part parallel with costa. Postmedial line rather straight, only weakly curved, angled before it reaches costa well before apex and evenly curved outwards on inner margin. Medial area concolorous with rest of wing. Terminal line and fringes concolorous with wings, forewing apex dark red. Hindwing postmedial line distinct, curved. Discal spots absent. Wings below as above, but paler. Frons red-brown, thorax and abdomen concolorus with wings. Area between antennae (vertex) white. Antennae white dorsally, male antennae bipectinate, female antennae fasciculate. Hindleg tibia of both sexes with 2 + 2 spurs. Tympanal organs medium-sized. Sternites and tergites 3 – 8 of both sexes undifferentiated. Male genitalia (Figure 12): Generally as in H. fasciaria (Linnaeus) and H. mediterranea. Aedeagus with weakly curved additional arm, apex not expanded in H. pinicolaria (additional arm straight in H. fasciaria, apex expanded in H. compararia). Base of vesica with straight row of microcornuti in H. pinicolaria (vesica with angled row of microcornuti, reaching aedeagus apex in H. compararia). Female genitalia (Figure 16): Generally as in H. fasciaria and H. mediterranea, but with following quantitative difference: signum large in H. mediterranea (signum absent or minute in H. fasciaria, H. pinicolaria and in H. compararia). Genitalia are large in H. pinicolaria (genitalia considerably smaller in H. compararia). Shape and size of the lamella antevaginalis, and width and length of the posterior part of the corpus bursae are variable and should be treated with caution.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2EC93AFF72B7B35CAA753A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Corsica (France). Phenology. According to Robineau (2007) it is univoltine, but this is true probably only at higher altitudes (where it flies from June to early August), while on the coast the species has been collected from May to June and from October to November (Rungs 1982).	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2EC93AFF72B7B35CAA753A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Larva has been recorded to feed on needles of Pinus laricio (Bellier 1861, Robineau 2007) and on P. pinaster (= maritima) (Mabille 1867). In captivity it has been reared on Pinus sylvestris (Reisser, 1929). Larva is a twig or needle-mimic, green, with transverse yellowish stripes or reddish-brown with diamond-shaped patterns dorsally (Lepiforum 2013). Habitat. In pine forests and places with more scattered pine trees. It is found mostly in the mountains from 500 to 1500 metres, but it occurs also at sea level (Rungs 1982). Similar species. All four species in Palaearctic Hylaea fasciaria species group are similar. The diagnostic, external characters shown in Figures 6 – 9 are somewhat tentative and should not be used in isolation, but should be combined with information on biology, collecting locality, male and female genitalia and DNA barcodes. An overview of diagnostic morphological features is given in Table 1. Genetic data. Genetically homogeneous (n = 4), mean and maximum intraspecific variation 0.0 %. Nearest species: Hylaea fasciaria (minimum pairwise distance 3.9 %). See Figure 26.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2EC93AFF72B7B35CAA753A.taxon	description	Variation (Figure 3). Very little. Ground colour varies from light green to light yellowish-green. Only green specimens are known.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2FC939FF72B0F75C6C7792.taxon	description	Description. External characters and pregenital abdomen (Figures 4, 9) (diagnostic characters underlined): Wingspan male 28 – 30 mm, female 29 – 31 mm. Small species, wings dull green, medial lines weak, whitish. Medial line absent or very weak, basal part not parallel with costa. Postmedial line weak, straight, angled before it reaches costa well before apex, straight on inner margin. Medial area concolorous with rest of wing. Terminal line and fringes whitish, forewing apex whitish. Hindwing postmedial line weak, straight. Discal spots absent. Wings below as above, but paler. Frons pale brown, thorax and abdomen concolorus with wings. Area between antennae (vertex) white. Antennae white dorsally, male antennae bipectinate, female antennae fasciculate. Hindleg tibia of both sexes with 2 + 2 spurs. Tympanal organs medium-sized. Sternites and tergites 3 – 8 of both sexes undifferentiated. Male genitalia (Figure 13): Generally as in H. fasciaria (Linnaeus), H. mediterranea and H. pinicolaria (Bellier). Aedeagus with additional arm, apex expanded in H. compararia (not expanded in above-mentioned species). Base of vesica with angled row of microcornuti, reaching aedeagus apex in H. compararia (with straight row of microcornuti, not reaching aedeagus apex in above-mentioned species). Female genitalia (Figure 17): Generally as in H. fasciaria, H. mediterranea and H. pinicolaria, but with following quantitative differences: genitalia small in H. compararia (large in above-mentioned species). Signum absent or minute in H. compararia (signum large in H. mediterranea). Shape and size of the lamella antevaginalis, and width and length of the posterior part of the corpus bursae are variable and should be treated with caution.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2FC939FF72B0F75C6C7792.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from northern Algeria (> 100 specimens in the NHM), cf. Prout (1912 – 1916) and Tunisia (one male in ZSM). Phenology. Potentially bivoltine. Specimens have been taken in May, June, July and in September.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2FC939FF72B0F75C6C7792.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. No data. Larva potentially feeds on needles of coniferous trees. Habitat. According to the original description (Staudinger, 1894: 289) ’ putatively in coniferous forest’. Similar species. All four species in Palaearctic Hylaea fasciaria species group are similar. H. compararia is small, medial lines are weak, microcornuti in vesica reach the aedeagus apex and signum is absent or minute (H. fasciaria, H. mediterranea and H. pinicolaria are larger, medial lines are more visible, microcornuti in vesica do not reach the aedeagus apex and signum is larger). The diagnostic, external characters shown in Figures 6 – 9 are somewhat tentative and should not be used in isolation, but should be combined with other information including biology, collecting locality, male and female genitalia and DNA barcodes. An overview of diagnostic morphological features is given in Table 1. Genetic data. Data not available.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2FC939FF72B0F75C6C7792.taxon	description	Variation (Figure 4): Little: in most specimens forewing medial line is absent or very weak, postmedial line is weak but visible. Some females have forewing margin slightly concave below forewing apex.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2FC939FF72B0F75C6C7792.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ellopia (?) compararia Staudinger has been considered valid at species level, for instance in Prout (1912 – 1916) and Wehrli (1939 – 1954) until Leraut (2009) downgraded it to subspecies of H. fasciaria (Linnaeus). Of the four species in the Palaearctic Hylaea fasciaria complex, this is the most distinct, diagnosable by external characters and by the male and female genitalia. We consider H. compararia (Staudinger) valid at species level (status revised).	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
C37B8D572E2CC939FF72B11F5C3E7127.taxon	description	Based on the illustration (reprinted in Figure 5 a), we are unable to exclude the possibility that H. squalidaria may be a species of the subfamily Geometrinae. There are potentially several Geometrinae species, which live at the sea-level in southern Italy that may be relevant in this context.	en	Sihvonen, Pasi, Skou, Peder, Flamigni, Claudio, Fiumi, Gabriele, Hausmann, Axel (2014): Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3768 (4): 469-486, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.5
