identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039D2A4709473E30C6F8102CFB085165.text	039D2A4709473E30C6F8102CFB085165.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus arktos Dyck 2014	<div><p>Antechinus arktos, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Black-tailed Antechinus)</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet refers to the bear-like appearance of the holotype (arktos is Greek for bear): very long guard hairs cover the body and the animal has a tendency to rear on its hind legs sniffing the air when disturbed, rather than the typical acrobatic leaping behaviour of most congeners. The common name refers to the evenly black-coloured tail of the species, especially when compared to the dark brownish tail of A. swainsonii.</p> <p>Material. HOLOTYPE: QM JM 20009 (field number N86204), adult female, complete skull and dentary extracted. Body is deep frozen (destined for long-term storage as a puppet skin). DNA sample (liver) is stored in 95% ethanol and frozen. The specimen was collected on 28 May 2013 by A.M.Baker, T. Y. Mutton, H.B. Hines and J. Rowland in an Elliott trap baited with peanut butter, oats and bacon.</p> <p>PARATYPE: The paratype specimen, QM JM20010, was collected 28 May 2013 by A.M.Baker, T. Y. Mutton, H. Hines and J. Rowland from Bilbrough Lookout, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.28973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.234167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.28973/lat -28.234167)">Springbrook National Park</a>, SEQ 28° 14´03˝ S 153° 17´23˝ E. This specimen was photographed live by Qld Museum photographer Gary Cranitch prior to accession into the Qld Museum collection (see Figure 4). Figure 5 shows features of the skull, dentary and teeth of the holotype specimen.</p> <p>REFERRED SPECIMENS: (JM prefixes are from the Queensland Museum; M prefixes are from the Australian Museum). These specimens were formalin-fixed and old so genetics was not possible. For the following adults skull morphology was used to confirm species identification as A. arktos: males JM834 <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.11667/lat -28.216667)">O’Reilly’s Guest House</a>, SEQ 28° 13´S 153° 07´E; JM835 <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.18333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.18333/lat -28.2)">Binna Burra Lodge</a>, SEQ 28° 12´S 153° 11´E; JM836 <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.21666/lat -28.216667)">Dave’s Creek Country Binna Burra</a>, SEQ 28° 13´S 153° 13´E; JM2281 O’Reilly’s Guest House, SEQ 28° 14´S 153° 08´E (all preceding localities are within or immediately adjacent to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.13333/lat -28.233334)">Lamington</a> NP); M20605 <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.06667/lat -28.383333)">Eastern Border Ranges</a> NP, NENSW 28° 23´S 153° 04´E, females: JM1595 Warrie NP (now within Springbrook NP), SEQ 28° 13´S 153° 16´E; JM7949 <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.11667/lat -28.416666)">Eastern Border Ranges</a> NP, NENSW 28° 25´S 153° 07´E. In addition two juvenile specimens are assigned to A. arktos on the basis of external morphology: JM1594 National Park 752 (now within <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.26666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.26666/lat -28.233334)">Springbrook</a> NP) 28° 14´S 153° 16´E, SEQ and M20606 <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.1/lat -28.366667)">Eastern Border Ranges</a>, NENSW 28° 22´S 153° 06´E.</p> <p>Holotype locality. A small gully near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.26405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.241556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.26405/lat -28.241556)">Best of All Lookout</a>, Mount Mumdjin, Springbrook National Park, south-east Queensland, Australia (28° 14´29.6˝ S 153° 15´50.6˝ E. Datum: GDA 94), 950m altitude.</p> <p>Distribution. All specimens are from upland, high rainfall vegetation communities of the Tweed Shield Volcano caldera in south-east Queensland and north-east New South Wales. The species is currently only known from Springbrook NP, Lamington NP and Border Ranges NP (eastern section only). The following museum specimens from north-east New South Wales were registered as A. swainsonii but on re-examination by us were clearly not A. arktos or A. swainsonii: Australian Museum M31942 Grafton (reidentified as A. flavipes); Australian Museum M29214 Conglomerate State Forest (reidentified as A. stuartii); Australian Museum M12631 Coffs Harbour (reidentified as A. stuartii); Australian National Wildlife Collection M24077 Tooloom (reidentified as A. stuartii). There are published (e.g., Dickman, 1982) and unpublished records (e.g., Atlas of Living Australia, Atlas of NSW Wildlife) of A. swainsonii sensu lato between Ebor (type locality for A. s. mimetes) and the uplands of the Tweed caldera. However, without specimens and/or genetic samples we are unable to comment further on the identity of these records. Workers in this region are encouraged to retain voucher and tissue specimens to enable a better understanding of the distribution of A. arktos and A. s. mimetes.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Summary of external differences amongst congeners. Antechinus arktos differs clearly from all other antechinus species, in having a combination of large-bodied, very shaggy and black-tailed appearance. A. arktos is more vibrantly coloured than A. swainsonii. A. s. mimetes is more uniformly deep brown-black to grizzled grey-brown from head to rump, with brownish (clove brown – raw umber) hair on the upper surface of the hindfoot and tail, whereas A. arktos is more colourful, having a marked change from greyish-brown head to orange-brown toned rump, fuscous black on the upper surface of the hindfoot and dense, short fur on the evenly black tail. Further, there is no distinct eye-ring but A. arktos has marked orange-brown fur on the upper and lower eyelid, cheek and in front of the ear and very long guard hairs all over the body, giving it a distinctively shaggy appearance; these characters, in specimens where they exist, are more subtle in A. swainsonii.</p> <p>Summary of craniodental differences amongst congeners. A. arktos skulls are strikingly different to all subspecies of A. swainsonii. A. arktos are markedly larger than A. s. mimetes and A. s. swainsonii (Tasmania) for a range of craniodental measures, in particular: breadth across the snout, but with shorter anterior palatal vacuities and larger inter-palatal vacuity distance. Compared to all A. swainsonii subspecies, A. arktos skulls are most similar in size to A. s. insulanus from Grampians NP, Victoria. Nevertheless, there are a range of skull characters that differ between A. arktos and A. s. insulanus: A. arktos tend to have smaller upper second molar teeth but broader skulls, shorter anterior palatal vacuities and longer posterior palatal vacuities than A. s. insulanus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709473E30C6F8102CFB085165	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A47094A3E30C6F812C3FE7B5289.text	039D2A47094A3E30C6F812C3FE7B5289.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus swainsonii subsp. swainsonii swainsonii (Waterhouse	<div><p>(1) A. arktos versus A. swainsonii swainsonii (Waterhouse)</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. s. swainsonii has more uniformly dark brown or grizzled grey fur on the head and back, with a subtly brownish rump, as well as dark brownish hindfeet and tail.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos males have significantly longer tails than A. s. swainsonii (see Tables 1, 2 and 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is smaller than A. s. swainsonii in absolute measurement for APV in males and females. A. arktos is larger than A. s. swainsonii in absolute measurement in males for the following characters: IBW, IPV, NW, R-LM 1, R-LM 3 and NWR, and in females for the following characters: IPV, TC, UML. A. arktos is also significantly larger than A. s. swainsonii in the following measures: in males, R-LC 1, SWR-LC 1 B, TC and UML; in females, M 2 W (Tables 1, 2 and 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. s. swainsonii is known from a range of habitat types limited to Tasmania. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. s. swainsonii are 10.8-11.8%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A47094A3E30C6F812C3FE7B5289	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709483E32C6F81232FD9D5249.text	039D2A4709483E32C6F81232FD9D5249.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus swainsonii subsp. insulanus Davison 1991	<div><p>(3) A. arktos versus A. swainsonii insulanus Davison</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. s. insulanus has more uniformly dark brown or grizzled grey fur on the head and back, with a subtly brownish rump, as well as dark brownish hindfeet and tail.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is similar in external body measurements to A. s. insulanus (see Tables 1, 4 and 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is smaller than A. s. insulanus in absolute measurement at APV in males and females. A. arktos is smaller than A. s. insulanus in absolute measurement at M 2 W in males (Tables 1, 4 and 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. s. insulanus is limited to the Grampians Range in western Victoria, some 1200km to the south-west. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise difference at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. s. insulanus is 9.8%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709483E32C6F81232FD9D5249	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709483E33C6F81037FD4253B2.text	039D2A4709483E33C6F81037FD4253B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus minimus (Geoffroy)	<div><p>(4) A. arktos versus A. minimus (Geoffroy)</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. minimus has coarser fur and a leaden grey head that merges to brownish yellow fur on the rump and flanks.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is larger than A. minimus in absolute measurement for tv and hf in males and females (see Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is larger than A. minimus in absolute measurement for a range of craniodental characters in males and females, as follows: in males APV, BL, Dent, IBW, IOW, NW OBW, PL, NWR, UML, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3 and UPL; in females APV, BL, Dent, IOW, PL, PML, UML, BuL, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3, M 2 W and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. minimus for a range of characters: in males PPV, TC, PML, BuL and M 2 W and in females at TC (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. minimus is limited to damp habitats of coastal South Australia, Victoria and throughout Tasmania. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. minimus are 9.8–10.4%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709483E33C6F81037FD4253B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709493E34C6F81064FF625302.text	039D2A4709493E34C6F81064FF625302.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus adustus (Thomas 1923)	<div><p>(5) A. arktos versus A. adustus (Thomas)</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. adustus has more uniformly dark brown fur with rusty tips on the head and back.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is larger than A. adustus in absolute measurement for males in wt, hb, tv and hf. Female A. arktos tend to be larger than A. adustus in these measurements as well – significance was not achieved in ANOVAs because only three A.arktos females were available for comparison (see Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is larger than A. adustus in absolute measurement for a range of characters: in males APV, BL, Dent, IOW, NW, OBW, ZW, HT, PL, TC, NWR, PML, UML, HT-B, BuL, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3 and UPL; in females APV, BL, Dent, IOW, OBW, HT, PL, PML, UML, HT-B, BuL, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3 and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. adustus for IBW in males and PPV in males and females (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. adustus is known only from the wet tropics in north-east Qld. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. adustus are 11.8– 12.8%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709493E34C6F81064FF625302	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A47094E3E36C6F811F2FD3752B1.text	039D2A47094E3E36C6F811F2FD3752B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus agilis Dickman, Parnaby, Crowther & King 1998	<div><p>(6) A. arktos versus A. agilis Dickman, Parnaby, Crowther &amp; King</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. agilis is a uniform medium grey to greyish brown from head to rump. A. agilis also has a light-coloured ring of fur around the eyes.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is larger than A. agilis in absolute measurement for wt, hb, tv, hf in males and hf in females. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. agilis in wt for females (Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is larger than A. agilis in absolute measurement for a range of characters: for males APV, BL, Dent, IBW, IOW, M 2 W, NW, OBW, PPV, R-LM 1, R-LM 1 T, ZW, HT, PL, TC, NWR, PML, UML, HT-B, BuL, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3, M 2 W and UPL; for females APV, BL, Dent, IBW, IOW, OBW, PPV, HT, PL, TC, NWR, PML, UML, HT-B, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3, M 2 W and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. agilis at R- LM 3 in males and NW in females (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. agilis is known only from south-eastern Australia, south of around Sydney’s (NSW) latitude. Genetics: Uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. agilis are 15.1–15.9%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A47094E3E36C6F811F2FD3752B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A47094D3E37C6F817F2FDD657E0.text	039D2A47094D3E37C6F817F2FDD657E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus argentus Baker, Mutton & Hines 2013	<div><p>(7) A. arktos versus A. argentus Baker, Mutton &amp; Hines</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. argentus has a silvery head and neck that merge subtly to deep olive-buff coloured fur on the rump and flanks.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is larger than A. argentus in absolute measurement for wt, hb, tv, hf in males and in hf for females. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. argentus in females for hb and tv (see Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is larger than A. argentus in absolute measurement for a range of craniodental characters in both males and females: APV, BL, Dent, IBW, IOW, OBW, PPV, HT, PL, TC, NWR, PML, UML, HT-B, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3 and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. argentus in ZW for females (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. argentus occurs more than 400 kilometres to the north at Kroombit Tops NP (south-east Qld). Genetics: Uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. argentus are 12.4–12.8%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A47094D3E37C6F817F2FDD657E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A47094D3E37C6F815D1FB2951EF.text	039D2A47094D3E37C6F815D1FB2951EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus bellus (Thomas 1904)	<div><p>(8) A. arktos versus A. bellus (Thomas)</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. bellus is pale to medium grey above, sometimes with a fawn tinge, with pale grey belly, hands and feet.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos males have significantly smaller ears than A. bellus (Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is smaller than A. bellus in absolute measurement for a range of characters in males and females: IPV, M 2 W, R-LC 1, R-LM 1, R-LM 2, R-LM 3 and SWR-LC 1 B. A. arktos is significantly smaller than A. bellus in BuL for males. A. arktos is larger than A. bellus in absolute measurement for a range of craniodental characters in males and females: APV, Dent, IBW, IOW, PPV, TC, NWR, PML, HT-B, I 1 -P 3, I 1 -P 3 and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. bellus in BL and PL for males and in HT and PL for females (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. bellus is known only from Northern Territory. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise difference at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. bellus is 12.0%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A47094D3E37C6F815D1FB2951EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A47094D3E37C6F813D1FDDA5390.text	039D2A47094D3E37C6F813D1FDDA5390.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus flavipes subsp. flavipes flavipes (Waterhouse	<div><p>(9) A. arktos versus A. flavipes flavipes (Waterhouse)</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. f. flavipes has marked orange-tonings on the hands, feet and tail base and a pale eye ring.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is significantly larger than A. f. flavipes in hf for males and females and in tv for males (Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is smaller than A. f. flavipes in absolute measurement for SWR-LC 1 B in males and females. A. arktos is significantly smaller than A. f. flavipes for males in M 2 W, R-LC 1, R-LM 2 and M 2 W, and in females in M 2 W. A. arktos is larger than A. f. flavipes in absolute measurement for a range of craniodental characters for males and females: APV, IBW, IOW, PL, TC, NWR, PML, HT-B, I 1 -P 3, I 1 -P 3 and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. f. flavipes for a range of characters in males and females: BL, Dent, PPV, HT and UML (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. f. flavipes occurs in a wide range of drier habitat in south-east Australia. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome B (CytB) between A. arktos and A. f. flavipes are 12.6–13.2%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A47094D3E37C6F813D1FDDA5390	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A47094D3E28C6F8104CFD2C54DF.text	039D2A47094D3E28C6F8104CFD2C54DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus flavipes subsp. leucogaster Gray	<div><p>(10) A. arktos versus A. flavipes leucogaster Gray</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. f. leucogaster has marked yellowish-brown fur on the hands, feet and tail base and a pale eyering.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is significantly larger than A. f. leucogaster in tv and hf for males and females, and in wt and hb for males (Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is significantly smaller than A. flavipes leucogaster in R-LM 2 for males and females. A. arktos is larger than A. f. leucogaster in absolute measurement for a range of craniodental measures in males and females: APV, BL, Dent, IBW, IOW, PPV, PL, TC, NWR, PML, UML, HT-B, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3 and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. f. leucogaster in males and females for HT (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. f. leucogaster only occurs on the other side of the continent, in southwest Western Australia. Genetics: Uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. f. leucogaster are 11.4–12.8%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A47094D3E28C6F8104CFD2C54DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709523E28C6F81681FEA25169.text	039D2A4709523E28C6F81681FEA25169.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus flavipes subsp. rubeculus Van Dyck 1982	<div><p>(11) A. arktos versus A. flavipes rubeculus Van Dyck</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. f. rubeculus has orange-toned fur on the upper hind feet and tail base and a pale eyering.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos has a significantly larger tv in males than A. f. rubeculus (see Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is smaller than A. f. rubeculus in absolute measurement for a range of measurements in males and females: IPV, M 2 W, R-LC 1, R-LM 1, R-LM 2 and SWR-LC 1 B. A. arktos is significantly smaller than A. f. rubeculus for R-LM 1 T and M 2 W in males and females. A. arktos is larger than A. f. rubeculus in absolute measurement for a range of characters in males and females: APV, IOW, I 1 -P 3, I 1 -P 3, UPL, and at TC in males only. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. f. rubeculus for a range of characters in males: BL, Dent, IBW, PPV, HT, PL, NWR and HT-B, and in females at: Dent, PPV, HT, PL, PML and HT-B (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. f. rubeculus is only found in the wet tropics of north-east Qld. Genetics: Uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. f. rubeculus are 12.2–12.8%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709523E28C6F81681FEA25169	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709523E28C6F81357FF62534D.text	039D2A4709523E28C6F81357FF62534D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus godmani (Thomas 1923)	<div><p>(12) A. arktos versus A. godmani (Thomas)</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a finely-furred, black tail; A. godmani is more uniformly brown on the head and back with a nakedlooking tail.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is similar in external body measurements to A. godmani (see Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is smaller than A. godmani in absolute measurement for a range of measurements in males and females: IPV, M 2 W and M 2 W. A. arktos is significantly smaller than A. godmani for R- LC 1, R-LM 1 T, SWR-LC 1 B and TC in males and at SWR-LC 1 B and TC in females. A. arktos is larger than A. godmani in absolute measurement at APV and NW in males and at APV in females. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. godmani at NWR in males (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. godmani is known from only the wet tropics in north-east Qld. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. godmani are 13.2– 14.1%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709523E28C6F81357FF62534D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709523E29C6F81133FD135592.text	039D2A4709523E29C6F81133FD135592.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus leo Van Dyck 1980	<div><p>(13) A. arktos versus A. leo Van Dyck</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. leo is uniformly cinnamon on the head and back with slightly darkened hair forming a mid-dorsal head stripe.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is similar in external body measurements to A. leo (see Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is smaller than A. leo in absolute measurement for a range of measurements in males and females: M 2 W, R-LC 1, R-LM 1 T, R-LM 2, R-LM 3, SWR-LC 1 B and M 2 W. A. arktos is significantly smaller than A. leo for IPV, NW and R-LM 1 in males and at NW, R-LC 1 and M 2 W in females. A. arktos is larger than A. leo in absolute measurement for a range of measurements in males and females: APV, IOW, HT-B, I 1 -P 3 and UPL, and at I 1 -P 3 in males only (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. leo is known only from north of Princess Charlotte Bay, on Cape York Peninsula in far northern Qld. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. leo are 12.8–13.6%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709523E29C6F81133FD135592	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709533E29C6F81642FAF85602.text	039D2A4709533E29C6F81642FAF85602.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus mysticus Baker, Mutton & Van Dyck 2012	<div><p>(14) A. arktos versus A. mysticus Baker, Mutton &amp; Van Dyck</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. mysticus has a greyish-brown head and neck, merging gradually to yellowish-buff on the rump and flanks, with a buff-brown tail base and slightly darkened tip.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is significantly larger than A. mysticus in hf for males and females, and in wt, hb and tv for males (Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is significantly smaller than A. mysticus for R-LC 1 in males and SWR-LC 1 B in females. A. arktos is larger than A. mysticus in absolute measurement for a range of characters in males and females: APV, BL, Dent, IBW, IOW, HT, PL, TC, NWR, PML, UML, HT-B, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3 and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. mysticus for a range of characters in males: NW, OBW and PPV, and in females at: OBW and M 2 W (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occur in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. mysticus occurs in scattered coastal populations between the Qld / NSW border in far south-east Qld and Eungella NP near Mackay in mid-east Qld. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome B (CytB) between A. arktos and A. mysticus are 13.2–14.1%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709533E29C6F81642FAF85602	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709533E29C6F814F2FD4150DA.text	039D2A4709533E29C6F814F2FD4150DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus stuartii Macleay 1841	<div><p>(15) A. arktos versus A. stuartii Macleay</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. stuartii is more uniformly brownish-grey on the head and back.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is larger than A. stuartii in absolute measurement for wt, hb and hf in males, and at hf in females. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. stuartii for males and females at tv (Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is larger than A. stuartii in absolute measurement for a range of characters in males and females, as follows: APV, BL, Dent, IBW, IOW, OBW, ZW, HT, PL, NWR, PML, UML, HT-B, BuL, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3 and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. stuartii for a range of characters: in males IPV, NW, R-LM 1, R-LM 2, R-LM 3 and TC, and in females at IPV, NW and TC (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occurs in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera. A. stuartii occurs in eastern NSW north of about Sydney to far south-east Queensland (Girraween NP, Lamington NP, Main Range NP, Springbrook NP and Tamborine NP) and occurs sympatrically with A. arktos. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise range differences at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. stuartii are 13.4–15.1%.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709533E29C6F814F2FD4150DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709533E2AC6F812BAFE765164.text	039D2A4709533E2AC6F812BAFE765164.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus subtropicus Van Dyck and Crowther	<div><p>(16) A. arktos versus A. subtropicus Van Dyck and Crowther</p> <p>Pelage: A. arktos has a brownish-grey head that changes markedly to an orange-brown rump, fuscous black hindfeet, a thick-based, finely-furred, black tail and an orange-yellow eye and cheek patch; A. subtropicus is uniformly brownish on the head and back.</p> <p>External Measurements: A. arktos is larger than A. subtropicus in absolute measurement for hf in males and females. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. subtropicus for males at tv (Table 5).</p> <p>Craniodental Characters: A. arktos is larger than A. subtropicus in absolute measurement for a range of characters in males and females, as follows: APV, BL, Dent, IBW, IOW, IPV, HT, PL, NWR, PML, UML, HT-B, I 1 -P 3, LML, I 1 -P 3 and UPL. A. arktos is significantly larger than A. subtropicus for a range of characters: in males NW, OBW and ZW, and in females at OBW, TC and BuL (Table 5).</p> <p>Other Comments: A. arktos occurs in south-east Qld and north-east NSW in areas of high elevation and rainfall on the Tweed Volcano caldera, whereas A. subtropicus appears to have a more subtropical distribution, occurring from Gympie south-east Qld south to Border Ranges NP in north-east NSW. The two species conceivably co-occur. Genetics: uncorrected pairwise difference at the mitochondrial gene CytB between A. arktos and A. subtropicus is 16.3%.</p> <p>Bivariate Scatterplots</p> <p>A range of scatterplots are shown for dental variables differentiating A. arktos from the three subspecies of A. swainsonii (Figures 6 and 7 are A. arktos versus A. s. swainsonii and A. s. mimetes; Figures 8 and 9 are A. arktos versus A. s. insulanus). Compared with A. swainsonii, A. arktos is most easily differentiated from A. s. swainsonii and A. s. mimetes at numerous dental characters, particularly those associated with palatal vacuity length, skull and tooth breadth. A. arktos has smaller holes in the front of the skull and tends to have smaller 2 nd upper molar teeth than A. s. insulanus.</p> <p>DFA and CVA</p> <p>Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) indicated that 100% of females and males were clustered into the 4 taxon groups (A. arktos, A. s. swainsonii, A. s. mimetes, A. s. insulanus) correctly (posterior probabilities all equal to 1.00, not shown), based on the Mahalanobis distance of each individual from the centroid of the a priori species group. For CVA, 100% of the variation in dental characters was explained in the first three canonical roots for males and females. Variation was very well resolved for both sexes (although more clearly for females than males), as eigenvalues for the first three canonical roots were well above 1 (males: root 1 = 55.9; root 2 = 16.0; root 3 = 11.3; females: root 1 = 366.9; root 2 = 282.9; root 3 = 6.5) and about two-thirds of the variation was explained in the first root (67%) for males, whereas just over half (56%) was explained in the first root for females. However, cumulatively the first two roots explained 86% of variation in males and a massive 99% in females. Figures 10–11 show scatterplots of canonical roots 1–2, for males and females, respectively; all four taxa are very tightly clustered within their taxon and very well separated between taxa, for both sexes, but particularly females. Canonical analysis suggests that A. arktos most closely resembles A. s. mimetes and A. s. insulanus, and to a lesser degree A. s. swainsonii, which reflects their relative geographical proximities. This is a reflection of the large and robust A. arktos skulls, compared with the generally narrow and slender A. s. swainsonii skulls from Tasmania as differentiated from the generally more robust A. s. mimetes from south-east Australia and particularly A. s. insulanus from the Grampians.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709533E2AC6F812BAFE765164	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6.text	039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antechinus arktos Dyck 2014	<div><p>Description of A. arktos Holotype QMJM20009</p> <p>Description. HOLOTYPE Queensland Museum JM20009, Female from Best of All Lookout, Springbrook NP (skull and frozen).</p> <p>Pelage (see Figure 4): Colours for the A. arktos holotype are as follows: fur of the mid-back, up to 15 mm long with basal 12 mm Dark Gull Gray, median 1 mm Prout’s Brown and apical 1 mm Fuscous black. The back appears overall to be Prout’s Brown changing markedly to a rich Brussels Brown to Raw Umber on the rump. Guard hairs (medially-thickened) are Fuscous black fading to Sepia; they are very prominent giving an overall shaggy appearance, and up to 25 mm long on the rump, reducing to 8 mm where they terminate at the crown of the head. The head, shoulders and neck are mottled deep olive, dark olive and chaetura black, such that the head and shoulders are distinctly less vibrant than the back and especially the rump. The holotype lacks a head-stripe but there are patches of lighter coloured Dresden brown fur above and below the eye. Above the eye this fur is reduced to a thin line but under the eye it is more extensive extending under the eye, back towards the cheek and to the tips of the hair in front of the ear, on each side of the head. The soft ventral fur, up to 10 mm long on the belly is Dark Gull Gray on the basal 8.5 mm and Pale olive Grey on the apical 1.5 mm. It is interspersed by medially-thickened spines up to 11 mm long. Forefeet and hindfeet are very dark; fuscous black on the upper and lower surface; the underside of both fore and hindfeet are covered in fuscous black pigmented granules, which give it its overall dark appearance. The claws on the forefoot are very long, up to 4.3mm, and slightly longer than the claws on the hindfoot (up to 3.9mm). The tail is very dark, markedly contrasting the rich umber rump; the dorsal surface of the tail is black with a lighter fuscous Black on the underside. The tail hairs are dense, fine and evenly short (2–3mm); at the rump, the Brussels brown / raw umber hairs on the rump are dense, long with long guard hairs and these extend just onto the tail base, but then abruptly terminate after covering 5mm of tail base into the very short-haired, evenly dark tail.</p> <p>Vibrissae. Approximately 24 mystaceal vibrissae occur on each side and these are up to 22 mm long. All are Fuscous Black in colour. Supra-orbital vibrissae (Fuscous Black) number 2 on the right and 2 on the left; genals (Fuscous Black and colourless) number 6 right and 6 left; ulna-carpals (colourless) number 4 left and 4 right; and submentals (all colourless) number 4.</p> <p>Tail. The tail is shorter than the head and body. It is thick at the base (6mm) and tapers gradually towards the tip.</p> <p>Hindfoot. Interdigital pads are separate. The elongate hallucal and post-hallucal pads are separate on both feet. The metatarsal pad is long and oval shaped; all the foot pads are heavily striate. Claws are very long (longest on hindfoot measures 3.9mm; longest on forefoot measures 4.3mm).</p> <p>Ear. For a large antechinus, the ears are smallish (16.29mm); the supratragus is uncurled.</p> <p>Dentition (refer Figure 5). Upper Incisors. I 1 is broad, triangular with a curved anterior plane, almost two times taller-crowned than all other incisors and is not separated by a diastema from I 2. The flaring crown of I 1, spreading posteriorly as well as anteriorly, does not quite meet the slightly flared I 2 so that the I 1 and I 2 do not quite touch. Left and right I 1 contact to form a cutting "V" and are not markedly procumbent. In crown size I 3 =I 4&gt;I 2. All upper incisors, but for I 4, lack buccal cingula and in I 4 the cingulum is positioned to the mid-posterior of the tooth. There is no lack of differentiation between root and crown. All crowns are long antero-posteriorly and low. I 4 carries no anterior or posterior cusp. The roots of I 4 are wide, slightly wider than I 3 and I 2.</p> <p>Upper canines: C 1 is fairly slender and caniniform with a slight boundary between the root and crown. There is a very weak buccal cingulum at the anterior of the tooth and no lingual cingulum. There is a minute anterior cusp and a large posterior cusp.</p> <p>Upper premolars: All premolars are fairly narrow and slender. Diastemata occur between C 1 and P 1, P 1 and P 2 (diastemata equally sized at 0.3mm), P 2 and P 3 (diastema measures 0.05mm) and P 3 contacts M 1. All premolars carry very weak buccal and lingual cingula. In crown size (right and left) P 3&gt;P 2&gt;P 1; P 3 is 1.3 times larger than P 2 but P 1 is only 2/3 height of P 2. Large posterior cusps occur on P 1-3. No upper premolars possess posterolingual lobes, but there is a medial lingual lobe on P 3 formed at the posterior root of the tooth.</p> <p>Upper molars: The posterior tip of P 3 is positioned in the parastylar corner of M 1 but lingual to and slightly below the minute stylar cusp A. The anterior cingulum below stylar cusp B is short, broad and incomplete. Stylar cusp B is moderately large but smaller than the paracone and there is a small, rounded protoconule present; the paracone is smaller than stylar cusp D, which in turn is much smaller than the metacone. Stylar cusp C is small and stylar cusp E is a worn rudament. M 1 possesses a weak posterior cingulum formed at the base of the postprotocrista and tapering posteriorly to a point level with the base of the post-metacrista; thus the protocone appears subtly broad. The metacone is immediately lingual to, and 1.5 times larger than, stylar cusp D. The line from the metastylar corner of M 1 to the tip of the protocone is slightly indented and the post-protocrista is moderately swollen.</p> <p>In M 2, the very broad anterior cingulum which contacts the metastylar corner of M 1 tapers quickly as it progresses down and along the base of the pre-paracrista and finally degenerates before meeting the trigon basin. Stylar cusp B is smaller than stylar cusp D, which is slightly smaller than the paracone, which in turn is much smaller than the metacone; the protocone is well defined and about the same height as in M 1; there is a small, rounded protoconule present. Stylar cusp A is low and rounded, stylar cusp C is present, small and rounded but stylar cusp E is a rounded nubbin. M 2 possesses a weak posterior cingulum formed at the base of the postprotocrista and tapering posteriorly to a point level with the base of the post-metacrista; thus the protocone appears slightly broad.</p> <p>In M 3, the anterior cingulum is subequal in breadth and slightly longer than in M 2. It becomes indistinct after covering 2/3 of the distance between stylar cusp B and the lingual base of the paracone. The protoconule is very low and broadly rounded. Stylar cusp A is very small; stylar cusp B is slightly lower and more rounded than D; these two cusps are smaller than the paracone, which in turn is smaller than the metacone; stylar cusp C forms a clear peak and is slightly larger than the equivalent cusp in M 2 and M 1; stylar cusp E is very small and rounded. M 3 possesses a very weak posterior cingulum formed at the base of the post-protocrista and tapering posteriorly to a point lingual with the base of the post-metacrista.</p> <p>In M 4, the ectoloph between stylar cusps B and D is fairly straight. The narrow anterior cingulum tapers, forming a very narrow shelf that continues all the way to the base of the pre-protocrista; a posterior cingulum is absent. The protocone is greatly reduced and very narrow; the metacone forms a large and obvious rounded lobe at the posterior of M 4.</p> <p>Lower incisors: All lower incisors project horizontally from the tip of the dentary. In crown height: I 1&gt;I 2&gt;I 3. I 3 is incisiform in lateral view with a distinct posterior cusp at the base of the crest which descends posteriorly from the apex of the primary cusp. The lower canine rests against this posterior cusp. In occlusal view, I 3 has a very small notch separating the posterior cusp from the prominent posterolingual lobe, and the crown enamel of the primary and posterior cusps fold lingually such that the crest of the two cusps bisects the tooth longitudinally. I 3 has a weak posterior buccal cingulum.</p> <p>Lower canines: C 1 is premolariform. There is moderate curvature from root to crown tip and the tooth is shortcrowned, only slightly larger than P 2. C 1 has weak buccal and moderate lingual cingulation and a moderate posterior cusp.</p> <p>Lower premolars: All premolars are elongate and narrow and there are clear diastemata separating P 1 from both C 1 and P 2 only. In crown height: P 2&gt;P 3&gt;P 1, such that P 2 is about 1.2 times the height of P 3 and about twice the height of P 1. All premolars possess distinct posterior cusps, which in P 2 is very long. No premolars possess anterior cusps. The bulk of premolar mass is concentrated anteriorly to the line drawn transversely through the middle of the two premolar roots. Postero-lingual lobes are not features of the lower premolars but a narrow cingulum surrounds each tooth.</p> <p>Lower molars: All molars are moderately narrow. In M 1, the talonid is wider than the trigonid and no anterior cingulum is present. A narrow, weak posterior cingulum extends from the hypoconulid to the posterior base of the protoconid, with a very narrow posterior buccal shelf. The very narrow paraconid appears in occlusal view as a small, steeply sided spur with an appreciable shelf. The paraconid makes little contribution to the bulk of the ectoloph enamel. The metacristid and hypocristid are oblique to the long axis of the dentary. The cristid obliqua is moderate, about 45 0 and extends from the hypoconid to the posterior wall of the trigonid, intersecting the trigonid at a point slightly buccal to that point directly below the tip of the protoconid. The hypocristid terminates at the buccal base of the hypoconulid. The entoconid is moderate and rounded on the left mandible but worn to a nubbin on the right mandible. From the base of the small, peaked metaconid posteriorly, the talonid endoloph roughly follows the line of the dentary until the base of the hypoconulid, albeit with a slight lingual bulge.</p> <p>In M 2, the trigonid and talonid are about subequal in width. The anterior cingulum is moderate, originating lingually in a weak parastylid notch into which the hypoconulid of M 1 is tucked. A small buccal cingulum occurs between the trigonid and the talonid; a narrow, weak posterior cingulum extends from the hypoconulid to the posterior base of the hypoconid. The paraconid is well developed, but is the smallest trigonid cusp, with the metaconid larger and protoconid largest. The protoconid is well developed and subequal with the protoconid on M 3. The entoconid is a moderate, well-developed peak. A fairly steep (60 0) cristid obliqua extends from the hypoconid intersecting the posterior wall of the trigonid at a point directly below the tip of the protoconid, which is well buccal to the metacristid fissure. From the base of the metaconid posteriorly, the endoloph roughly follows the line of the dentary axis, with a slight lingual bulge due to the entoconid swelling.</p> <p>In M 3, the trigonid is wider than the talonid. A very weak parastylid wraps around the hypoconulid of M 2, and the M 3 anterior cingulum is moderate, similar to that in M 2. A small buccal cingulum occurs between the trigonid and the talonid; the weak posterior cingulum is as in M 2. The fairly steep (60 0) cristid obliqua intersects the trigonid at a point slightly lingual to the tip of the protoconid, which is buccal to the metacristid fissure. The entoconid is a moderate, well-developed peak, slightly smaller than that in M 2. From the base of the well-developed metaconid posteriorly, the endoloph of the M 3 talonid takes a slightly more buccal orientation than that seen in M 2.</p> <p>In M 4, the trigonid is much wider than the talonid. The anterior cingulum is moderate, slightly narrower than in M 3, but the posterior cingulum is absent. A small buccal cingulum occurs between the trigonid and the talonid. Of the three main trigonid cusps, the metaconid is slightly taller than the paraconid but both are markedly smaller than the protoconid. The cristid obliqua forms a shallower (30 0), smaller crest which contacts the trigonid wall directly below the metacristid fissure. Of the talonid cusps, the small hypoconid is the largest cusp. The hypoconulid is very weakly formed and the entoconid is a low, rounded nubbin.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dyck, Steve Van	Dyck, Steve Van (2014): The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 101-133, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1
