taxonID	type	description	language	source
A82A87E98A10384BFF4DFD08FBB6F9D7.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The molecular phylogeny of Fedosov et al. (2018) has important implications for the taxonomy of European Mitridae. As in Landau et al. (2019), Fedosov et al. ’ s generic descriptions and concepts are followed herein.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A10384BFF4DFD08FBB6F9D7.taxon	discussion	* Protoconch type is genus specific, but is not used in the key as the protoconch is usually not preserved. However, we recognize three categories: paucispiral protoconch (Episcomitra, Fraudiziba), multispiral (Calcimitra, Domiporta, Nebularia, Cancilla), and variable or unknown (Isara, Wormsina). ** Episcomitra and Isara cannot be separated based on shell characters (see generic discussions).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A103845FF4DF93FFA5EFEB8.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mitra zonata Marryat, 1818, by monotypy. Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A103845FF4DF93FFA5EFEB8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ Shell small to large (15 – 110 mm), fusiform or elongate-fusiform, smooth, with well-developed periostracum. Protoconch large, paucispiral, cyrtoconoid, of about two smooth glossy convex whorls. Spire tall or rather low; suture impressed. Spire whorls evenly convex in outline, sculpture represented by fine, dense, collabral lines. Last adult whorl typically evenly convex with rather short siphonal canal bearing a distinct fasciole, separated from shell base by deep groove. Siphonal notch deep or rather shallow. Outer aperture lip evenly convex, or convex in its adapical portion and straight throughout most of its length. Inner aperture lip with four, fine, subequal columellar folds ” (Fedosov et al., 2018: 38).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A103845FF4DF93FFA5EFEB8.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Landau et al. (2013) proposed a strict generic concept within Mitridae, and restricted Mitra Lamarck, 1798 to Indo-Pacific species with barbed or crenulated outer lips. European Neogene and Recent Mediterranean species with smooth lips were placed in Episcomitra Monterosato, 1917. This approach was generally confirmed by molecular data of Fedosov et al. (2018), although the Indo-Pacific “ Mitra ” turned out to be polyphyletic. Moreover, only two of the three Recent Mediterranean Mitridae are now placed in Episcomitra [E. zonata (Marryat, 1818), E. cornicula (Linnaeus, 1758)], whereas molecular data require the third species “ Mitra ” cornea Lamarck, 1811 to be placed in Isara H. & A. Adams, 1853. Fedosov et al. (2018: 291) pointed out that “ there are no morphological characters that substantially differentiate the two genera ”. Therefore, for pragmatic reasons we place most the species discussed herein in Episcomitra, except for Mitra hoernesi Mayer, 1864, which is morphologically extremely similar to Isara cornea. Morphometric data are given in Table 1. Present-day distribution. Mediterranean Sea and West Africa (Fedosov et al. 2018).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1E3844FF4DFE5AFE0EFE35.taxon	description	Figs 3 A 1 – A 2, B 1 – B 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1E3844FF4DFE5AFE0EFE35.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0100 b, SL: 46.5 mm, MD: 16.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, fig. 15), figs 3 A 1 – A 2. Paratype: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0100 c, SL: 35.5 mm, MD: 11.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 16 a – b), figs 3 B 1 – B 2. Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1E3844FF4DFE5AFE0EFE35.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to Mitra bellardii with which this species was confused by Hoernes & Auinger (1880).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1E3844FF4DFE5AFE0EFE35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Episcomitra species of moderately large size, moderately slender to moderately broad fusiform shell with high conical spire, slightly convex, moderately constricted last whorl, wide, moderately long siphonal canal, relatively low last whorl and aperture, delicate spiral sculpture in subsutural area, weak columellar folds, narrow columellar callus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1E3844FF4DFE5AFE0EFE35.taxon	description	Description. Shell moderately large, moderately slender to moderately broad fusiform, biconical with high conical spire and weakly impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early spire whorls nearly straight sided with cancellate sculpture, later spire whorls weakly convex, periphery at mid-whorl; suture narrow. Five convex spiral cords on third teleoconch whorl increasing to six broad cords on subsequent whorls, separated by narrower interspaces. Delicate axial ribs only developed in spiral interspaces. Axial sculpture fading out on fifth to sixth whorls. At same position, spiral cords increasing in number by intercalations of secondary cords but distinctly weakening, being slightly more prominent only in adapical third of whorls. Late spire whorls weakly convex with periphery in abapical third of whorls. Last whorl weakly convex above periphery, slowly contracting below with shallow concavity along base. Subsutural spiral sculpture on last whorl very weak to subobsolete. Numerous weak spiral cords on base and fasciole, typically bifid by intercalations of secondary grooves. Aperture moderately narrow, posteriorly narrowly angulated. Columellar callus narrow, thin, well demarcated from base. Columella with three weakly developed oblique columellar folds; fourth abapical fold subobsolete. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, straight to weakly bent to left, with wide, shallow siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 35.5 – 46.5 mm, MD: 11.0 – 16.0 mm, AA = 28 – 32 °, SL / MD: 3.0 – 3.4, AL / AW: 4.5 – 5.4, AH / S: 2.3 – 2.4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1E3844FF4DFE5AFE0EFE35.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was treated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880) as large variety of Mitra bellardii [= Calcimitra bellardii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880)]. A relationship with Calcimitra bellardii, however, can clearly be excluded based on the much larger size, the narrow columellar callus, the shorter siphonal canal and the much weaker spiral sculpture. Episcomitra antibellardii nov. sp. is characterised by a relatively high spire and low last whorl for the genus. The Pliocene Episcomitra atilis (Bellardi, 1887) (SL: 53 mm) is reminiscent of E. antibellardii in profile, but has a distinctly more inflated last whorl and lacks the subsutural spiral sculpture (see Bellardi 1887 a, pl. 1, fig. 33; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 43, fig. 7). The Italian Pliocene Episcomitra albignonensis (Bellardi, 1887) (SL: 60 mm) is also similar and like E. antibellardii, has spiral sculpture in the subsutural area, but is larger and its last whorl is less convex and less constricted (see Bellardi 1887 a, pl. 1, fig. 32; Ferrero-Mortara et al. pl. 43, fig. 10; Chirli 2002, pl. 15, figs 11 – 12). Episcomitra subestriata (Bellardi, 1887) (SL: 56 mm) has a wider apical angle, a lower spire and lacks the subsutural spiral sculpture (see Bellardi 1887 a, pl. 1, fig. 34; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 43, fig. 8; Chirli 2002, pl. 19, figs 7 – 12). Janssen (1972) referred to this species when discussing his new subspecies Mitra bellardii woltrupensis, from the Miocene of the North Sea. It seems to represent a distinct species, which differs from Episcomitra antibellardii in its canaliculate suture, relatively shorter and more convex last whorl and the more constricted base (see Janssen 1972: 42, pl. 7, figs 5 – 6). The specimen from the Miocene of Belgium, identified as Mitra bellardii by Glibert (1952 a) is clearly not conspecific with the Paratethyan species, and differs in its slightly shouldered whorls, deeply incised suture and prominent subsutural spiral cords. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1E3844FF4DFE5AFE0EFE35.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1F3844FF4DFDD1FCA9F9EA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype illustrated in Bellardi (1887 a, pl. 4, fig. 19) and Ferrero-Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 49, figs 4), stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino (BS. 019.01.161), Pliocene, Villalvernia (Italy). Revised description (based on Paratethyan material). Shell medium sized, moderately stout fusiform with weakly impressed suture. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. Spire weakly cyrtoconoid. Spire whorls nearly straight sided with periphery at abapical suture. Sculpture on spire whorls of flattish spiral cords (seven on penultimate whorl) separated by narrow, punctate spiral interspaces. Last whorl weakly convex, only weakly constricted, without basal concavity. Sculpture on last whorl of about 15 broad, flattish spiral cords, narrowing on base. Aperture moderately narrow. Columellar callus broad, thin. Columella with four prominent oblique columellar folds. Siphonal canal not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1F3844FF4DFDD1FCA9F9EA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Bałuk (1997) identified a single incomplete specimen from Korytnica (Poland) as Mitra bonellii. We have not studied the Polish material, but the illustrated specimen agrees well with the syntype of Episcomitra bonellii illustrated in Ferrero-Mortara et al. (1981) and other Pliocene specimens described by Chirli (2002). Some doubts, however, remain due to the fragmentary preservation and the large stratigraphic gap between the occurrences. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1F3844FF4DFDD1FCA9F9EA.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1997). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Davoli 2000). Mediterranean Sea. Pliocene: Po Basin: Villalvernia (Italy) (Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981); Toscana, Sicily (Italy) (Chirli 2002); Estepona (Spain) (Vera-Peláez et al. 1996).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1F3847FF4DF9ADFA52FC41.taxon	description	Figs 3 C 1 – C 2 [Mitra] Bouéi nov. form. — Hoernes 1880: 125 [nomen nudum]. * Mitra Bouéi nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1880 (pars): 79, pl. 9, figs 6 a – b [non figs 7 a – b = Episcomitra pseudoincognita nov. sp.].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1F3847FF4DF9ADFA52FC41.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0100 d, 16.4 mm, MD: 6.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 6 a – b), figs 3 C 1 – C 2. Revised description. Shell small, moderately broad ovoid with cyrtoconoid spire and weakly impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of six whorls. First two teleoconch whorls weakly convex with five convex, wide-spaced spiral cords. Spiral cords weakening on subsequent whorls, number of cords increasing to 13 on penultimate whorl by intercalation of secondary spiral threads. Last whorl high, ovoid, moderately constricted with shallow basal concavity. Periphery of last whorl coinciding with adapical tip of aperture. Mode of spiral sculpture changing from delicate densely spaced flattish spiral cords to widely spaced, crest-like spiral cords below periphery. Aperture moderately narrow. Columellar callus narrow, sharply delimited from adapical columellar fold to tip of siphonal canal. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, weakening abapically. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, moderately wide, straight with shallow siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 16.4 mm, MD: 6.1 mm; AA = 47 °, SL / MD: 2.7, AL / AW: 5.2, AH / S: 2.6.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1F3847FF4DF9ADFA52FC41.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Hoernes & Auinger (1880) illustrated two syntypes, which in our opinion are not conspecific. To clarify the status of the species, we select the specimen from Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, fig. 6), as lectotype of Episcomitra bouei, and exclude the specimen from Jerutek at Lysice (Czech Republic) (1880, pl. 9, fig. 7), described herein as Episcomitra pseudoincognita nov. sp. Episcomitra facilis (Mayer, 1890), which co-occurs with E. bouei at Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), differs in its more ovoid profile, the coarser spiral sculpture and weakly canaliculate suture. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1F3847FF4DF9ADFA52FC41.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1C3846FF4DFC05FE4FFD4D.taxon	description	Figs 3 D 1 – D 2, E 1 – E 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1C3846FF4DFC05FE4FFD4D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): Illustrated in Mayer-Eymar (1891, pl. 10, fig. 5), SL: 25.1 mm, MD: 9.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), stored in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Switzerland) (Inv. Nr. t 3238), figs 3 D 1 – D 2. Paralectotype: SL: 19.2 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), stored in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Switzerland) (Inv. Nr. t 3238), figs 3 E 1 – E 2. Revised description. Shell medium sized, moderately slender to moderately broad fusiform with conical to faintly cyrtoconoid spire and narrowly impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of at least seven whorls. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided, conical, with periphery at abapical suture. Sculpture on first preserved teleoconch whorl of five convex spiral cords separated by narrow, slightly punctate spiral grooves. Later teleoconch whorls weakly convex; spiral cords flattening and weakening on subsequent two whorls, increasing in number by intercalations of indistinct, shallow secondary spiral grooves. Spiral sculpture subobsolete on penultimate and last whorls, being most prominent in subsutural area. Last whorl nearly straight-sided above moderately convex periphery, constricted at base with deep basal concavity. Periphery below adapical termination of aperture. Few spiral cords on base and fasciole. Aperture ovoid, moderately wide to wide with narrowly incised anal canal. Columellar callus thickened, sharply delimited. Columella with three prominent, oblique columellar folds; fourth abapical fold relatively weak. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, straight, with shallow siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 19.1 – 25.1 mm, MD: 7.0 – 9.1 mm, AA = 31 – 34 °, SL / MD: 2.8 – 3.1, AL / AW: 4.1 – 3.9, AH / S: 2.6 – 2.7.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1C3846FF4DFC05FE4FFD4D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Episcomitra cochlearella (Mayer-Eymar, 1890) is characterised by its broad bullet-shaped outline and constricted base. Episcomitra multistriata Bellardi, 1887, from the early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi, is similar, but has a slightly broader shell and the periphery of the last whorl is more convex and higher placed (see Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 44, figs 8 a – b). Cernohorsky (1991) placed E. cochlearella in the genus Ziba H. & A. Adams, 1853, based on the illustration in Mayer-Eymar (1891), which shows a shell with gradate spire, subcylindrical whorls and pronounced spiral cords. The two specimens labelled as Mitra cochlearella in the collection Mayer-Eymar in the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Switzerland) (Inv. Nr. t 3238) differ considerably from the illustration in their conical spires and much weaker spiral sculpture. The labels were written by Karl Mayer-Eymar himself (pers. comm. Sergio Kühni, Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, 2 nd July 2020) and the German word ‘ Original’ (meaning “ type ” in this context) is written on the labels. Therefore, a substitution or misplacement of specimens can be excluded. Moreover, many of the illustrations in Mayer-Eymar were also embellished and missing parts completed. It is difficult to characterise this species in detail based on the abraded and incomplete material available. Some of the species described from the Italian Neogene bear some resemblance with a deep basal concavity, such as E. graviuscula (Bellardi, 1887), E. contorta (Bellardi, 1887), and E. turris (Bellardi, 1887), all Miocene species, but these seem to lack the spiral sculpture on the early spire whorls seen in E. cochlearella. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1C3846FF4DFC05FE4FFD4D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Mayer-Eymar 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1D3846FF4DFD09FE4FF911.taxon	description	Figs 3 F 1 – F 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1D3846FF4DFD09FE4FF911.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Inv. Nr. t 3308, illustrated in Mayer-Eymar (1891, pl. 10, fig. 6), SL: 15 mm, MD: 6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), stored in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Switzerland), figs 3 F 1 – F 2. Revised description. Shell small, moderately broad, ovoid with broad conical, slightly gradate spire and impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of seven whorls. Spire whorls straight sided with periphery at abapical suture. Sculpture of eight broad, flattish spiral cords separated by narrow, punctate, shallow interspaces. Last whorl ovoid, nearly straight sided above convex periphery, constricted at base with distinct basal concavity. Spiral cords on penultimate and last whorls slightly blurred, most prominent on base and fasciole. Aperture moderately wide, elongate with weakly incised anal canal. Columellar callus thin, sharply delimited. Outer lip solid. Columella with four prominent columellar folds. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, straight, with deep siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 15 mm, MD: 6 mm, AA = 43 °, SL / MD: 2.6, AL / AW: 4.2, AH / S: 2.3.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1D3846FF4DFD09FE4FF911.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Episcomitra facilis (Mayer-Eymar, 1890) is characterised by its stout ovoid profile and the broad, depressed spiral cords. Mitra observabilis Bellardi, 1887, from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy) is morphologically very similar (see holotype in Bellardi 1887 a, pl. 3, fig. 16 and Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 45, figs 2 a – b). The Italian species attains the same size and develops an almost identical spiral sculpture, but its base is less constricted and the siphonal notch is much shallower. In respect to the stratigraphic gap, we prefer to keep both taxa as separate species. Episcomitra cochlearella (Mayer-Eymar, 1890), with which it co-occurs at Lăpugiu de Sus, is not as broad, has a taller spire and finer spiral sculpture. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1D3846FF4DFD09FE4FF911.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Mayer-Eymar 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1D3841FF4DF8B5FC2CF9D4.taxon	description	Figs 3 G 1 – G 2, H 1 – H 2 [Mitra] Hilberi nov. form. — Hoernes 1880: 125 [nomen nudum].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1D3841FF4DF8B5FC2CF9D4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1865 / 0015 / 0014, SL: 44.7 mm, MD: 11.8 mm, Jerutek at Lysice (Czech Republic), Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, fig. 9), figs 3 H 1 – H 2. Paralectotype: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0100, SL: 30.1 mm, MD: 9.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 10 a – b), figs 3 G 1 – G 2. Additional material. NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0445, 1 specimen, Drnovice u Vyškova (Czech Republic). Revised description. Shell medium sized, slender fusiform with high spire and low last whorl. Protoconch unknown. About nine teleoconch whorls with narrow suture. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex, periphery at mid-whorl. Sculpture consisting of six weak spiral cords fading out within fourth to fifth whorl. Last whorl low, weakly convex to subcylindrical with faint shoulder. Blurred spiral grooves between adapical suture and shoulder. Base moderately constricted with few spiral cords. Aperture wide, short, ovate. Columellar callus narrow, moderately thickened, sharply delimited; parietal callus not developed, bearing three prominent columellar folds, weakening abapically, with fourth subobsolete fold. Outer lip not preserved. Siphonal canal short, wide, weakly twisted with moderately deep siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios (holotype). SL = 30.1 mm, MD: 9.3 mm, AA = 23 °, A / S = 0.8, SL / MD: 3.8, AL / AW: 3.8, AH / S: 2.3.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1D3841FF4DF8B5FC2CF9D4.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Episcomitra hilberi is unique within Paratethyan Mitridae due to its high spire and low last whorl. The paratype from Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) is a subadult specimen, but agrees well with the holotype in shape and sculpture at a similar growth stage. The specimen from Hungary described by Csepreghy-Meznerics (1956) and Strausz (1966) as variety of M. hilberi; Mitra hilberi pseudopolygyrata nov. var. is most probably conspecific. This name, however, is not available according ICZN Article 15.2., which states: “ A new name published after 1960 expressly as the name of a ‘ variety’ or ‘ form’ is deemed to be infrasubspecific and as such is not regulated by the Code ”. The specimen from Korytnica (Poland) identified as Mitraria hilberi by Bałuk (2006) differs in its small size and the presence of lirae within the outer lip, and rather represents a costellariid. Mitra megaspira Bellardi, 1887, from the early Miocene of Italy, is the morphologically closest species from the European Neogene, but has a lower and broader spire and consequently a proportionately taller last whorl, and lacks spiral sculpture (see holotype in Ferrero-Mortara et al., 1981, pl. 46, figs 12 a – b). Mitra agnata Bellardi, 1887, from the middle Miocene of Italy (see holotype in Ferrero-Mortara et al., 1981, pl. 43, figs 2 a – b), is reminiscent of E. hilberi but has a higher last whorl and lacks the prominent basal concavity. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown. Probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1D3841FF4DF8B5FC2CF9D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Jerutek at Lysice, Drnovice u Vyškova (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880);? Pannonian Basin: Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Strausz, 1966); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, Bujtur (Romania).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1A3843FF4DF973FE93FC2E.taxon	description	Figs 3 I 1 – I 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1A3843FF4DF973FE93FC2E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: SFM 360347 (= SFM XII 12.2207 a), SL: 13.3 mm, MD: 4.1 mm, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt / Main, Germany, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934, pl. 17, fig. 21), figs 3 I 1 – I 2. Revised description. Shell small, moderately slender fusiform with high spire. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of seven whorls. Spire whorls only weakly convex, with narrow, weakly incised suture. Last whorl elongate, slowly contracting. Shell surface glossy, smooth, without axial sculpture except for faint growth lines. Spiral sculpture limited to delicate spiral threads on base and fasciole. Aperture short, moderately wide, posteriorly narrowly angulated with indistinct posterior sinus. Columellar callus narrow, sharply delimited, with three weak columellar folds adjoined by subobsolete fourth abapical fold. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, straight with very shallow anterior notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 13.3 mm, MD: 4.1 mm; AA = 32 °, SL / MD: 3.2, AL / AW: 4.6, AH / S: 2.5.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1A3843FF4DF973FE93FC2E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Boettger (1906) discussed Episcomitra terebriformis (Bellardi, 1887) (SL: 16 mm), from the Burdigalian of Italy, as a closely related species. Episcomitra terebriformis, however, differs in its convex whorls and strongly constricted base (see Bellardi 1887 a: 63, pl. 3, fig. 58 and Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981: 157, pl. 47, figs 10 a – b). Episcomitra macilenta (Bellardi, 1887) (SL: 18 mm) and Episcomitra subuliformis (Bellardi, 1887) (SL: 20 mm), both from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), are very similar to E. pilsbryi, distinguished only by their larger size, the slightly higher aperture of E. macilenta and the less convex spire whorls and weaker basal concavity of E. subuliformis (see Bellardi 1887 a: 52, pl. 3, fig. 38 and Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981: 155, pl. 46, figs 6 a – b for E. macilenta and Bellardi 1887 a: 55, pl. 3, fig. 42 and Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981: 156, pl. 46, figs 14 a – b for E. subuliformis). Unfortunately, represented by a single specimen, intraspecific variability cannot be assessed, but in respect to the difference in size and considering the large stratigraphic gap, we prefer to keep the Paratethyan species separate from the early Miocene Proto-Mediterranean congeners. Another similar species is Episcomitra ulivii (Chirli, 2002) from the Pliocene of Italy, which is only distinguished from the Paratethyan species by its larger shell (SL: up to 30 mm) (see Chirli 2002: 41, pl. 20, figs 5 – 12). Palaeoenvironment. Unknown. Probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A1A3843FF4DF973FE93FC2E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A183842FF4DFBE9FB3FFCB9.taxon	description	Figs 4 A 1 – A 2, B 1 – B 2, C 1 – C 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A183842FF4DFBE9FB3FFCB9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0097 a, SL: 46.1 mm, MD: 15.2 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, fig. 2), figs 4 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0097 b, SL: 40.8 mm, MD: 13.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs 4 B 1 – B 2; NHMW 2020 / 0131 / 0001, SL: 36.4 mm, MD: 12.7 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs 4 C 1 – C 2. Additional material. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0097, 15 specimens, Steinebrunn (Austria); NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0120, 11 specimens, Mikulov (Czech Republic). Type locality. Steinebrunn (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Silty sand of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, Badenian.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A183842FF4DFBE9FB3FFCB9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to Leopold III (1073 – 1136), patron saint of Lower Austria, where the type locality is situated.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A183842FF4DFBE9FB3FFCB9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Episcomitra species of moderately large size, moderately slender to moderately broad, with relatively high spire, weakly shouldered, subcylindrical spire whorls, spiral sculpture of flattish spiral cords on early spire whorls, distinctly weakening on penultimate and last whorls. Revised description. Shell moderately large, moderately slender to moderately broad fusiform. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of nine whorls, suture distinctly incised. Early spire whorls weakly convex with periphery close to abapical suture; later spire whorls convex to subcylindrical, weakly shouldered. Incised suture gives somewhat swollen appearance to whorls despite generally weak convexity. Last whorl evenly convex, slowly contracting, with short base and shallow basal concavity. Sculpture consisting of six broad, flat spiral cords on early spire whorls, subsequently increasing in number by intercalations of secondary and tertiary spiral grooves, but becoming nearly obsolete on last three whorl. Weak spiral cords on base and fasciole. Aperture moderately narrow to moderately wide, elongate. Columellar callus distinct, narrow. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, abapically decreasing in strength. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, moderately wide with deep siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 36.4 – 46.1 mm, MD: 12.7 – 15.2 mm, AA = 35 – 37 °, SL / MD: 3.0 – 3.1, AL / AW: 4.8 – 5.2, AH / S: 2.4 – 2.6.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A183842FF4DFBE9FB3FFCB9.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Bałuk (1997) recognized that the two specimens illustrated and described by Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 1 and 2) as Mitra brusinae were not conspecific. He therefore separated the specimen from Steinebrunn (Figure 2 of Hoernes & Auinger, 1880) and his material from Korytnica from Episcomitra brusinai, and identified it with the remark “ seem to be compatible ” as Mitraria repleta (Bellardi, 1887). Episcomitra repleta (Bellardi, 1887) from the Pliocene of Asti (Italy) (see holotype in Ferrero-Mortara et al., 1981, pl. 42, figs 12 a – b) differs distinctly from the Paratethyan shells by its narrowly canaliculate suture, higher last whorl, longer aperture, cyrtoconoid spire, and less numerous but higher spire whorls. Moreover, it lacks spiral sculpture. Episcomitra oberrans (Bellardi, 1887), from the late Miocene of Stazzano (Italy), is highly reminiscent of E. leopoldina in size and shell shape, but is distinguished by its more convex spire whorls and the prominent spiral sculpture in the subsutural area (see Bellardi 1887 a: 11, pl. 1 fig. 7). Episcomitra gravis (Bellardi, 1887), from the late Miocene of Stazzano (Italy), is another similar species, which differs in its conical instead of subcylindrical spire whorls (see Bellardi 1887 a: 10, pl. 1 fig. 6). Palaeoenvironment. Shallow neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A183842FF4DFBE9FB3FFCB9.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Korytnica Basin: Korytnia (Poland) (Bałuk 1997).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A19385DFF4DFC5DFE4FFEA5.taxon	description	Figs 4 D 1 – D 2, E 1 – E 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A19385DFF4DFC5DFE4FFEA5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): Inv. Nr. t 3360, illustrated in Mayer-Eymar (1891, pl. 10, fig. 9), SL: 58 mm, MD: 19 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), stored in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Switzerland), figs 4 D 1 – D 2. Paralectotype: Inv. Nr. t 3361, SL: 43 mm, MD: 16 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), stored in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Switzerland), figs 4 E 1 – E 2. Revised description. Shell moderately large, solid, moderately slender fusiform with conical spire and impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of nine moderately convex whorls. Sculpture of prominent, orthocline to weakly prosocline growth lines. No spiral sculpture except for few faint spiral grooves. Last whorl evenly convex, constricted at base with distinct basal concavity. Aperture short, moderately wide, ovoid. Columellar callus thickened, sharply delimited. Columella with four prominent columellar folds, decreasing in strength abapically. Outer lip solid. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, straight with shallow siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios (lectotype). SL = 58 mm, MD: 19 mm, AA = 35 °, SL / MD: 3.1, AL / AW: 4.4, AH / S: 2.8.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A19385DFF4DFC5DFE4FFEA5.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The paralectotype is a subadult specimen. Its early teleoconch whorls are identical to those of the lectotype, but its last three whorls are more inflated, and the subsutural spiral sculpture is more prominent. It remains unclear if both specimens are conspecific. Based on the lectotype, Episcomitra praenigra (Mayer-Eymar, 1890) is characterised by its relatively large size, absence of spiral sculpture (except for a few faint grooves), and low aperture due to a short siphonal canal. The outer lip is incomplete, which may exaggerate the small size of the aperture, however, the siphonal canal is complete, and short for the genus. This species is superficially reminiscent of Episcomitra brusinai (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), but has a lower and wider aperture, a much shallower siphonal notch and a more convex last whorl with a more strongly constricted base. Episcomitra praenigra belongs to the speciose Neogene European Episcomitra fusiformis (Brocchi, 1814) group, but that species is even larger, with an elongated bullet-shaped last whorl and a much taller aperture. Numerous species were described from the Italian Neogene by Bellardi (1887), but none have such a short siphonal canal. The low and wide aperture seen in E. praenigra allows a separation from Mediterranean species such as E. inedita (Bellardi, 1887), E. albignonensis (Bellardi, 1887), and E. astensis (Bellardi, 1887). Unfortunately, we lack further material to better characterise this species. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A19385DFF4DFC5DFE4FFEA5.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Mayer-Eymar 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A06385FFF4DFE61FF22FDD9.taxon	description	Figs 4 F, G 1 – G 2, H 1 – H 2, I 1 – I 2, 7 L 1 – L 2 [Mitra] incognita Bast. — Hoernes 1880: 125 [non de Basterot, 1825].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A06385FFF4DFE61FF22FDD9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0100 e, SL: 24.3 mm, MD: 8.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 4 a – b), figs 4 G 1 – G 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0100 f, SL: 18.4 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 3 a – b), figs 4 H 1 – H 2; NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0100 g, SL: 17.4 mm, MD: 6.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 5 a – c), figs 4 I 1 – I 2; NHMW 2020 / 0122 / 0001, SL: 22.2 mm, 7.5 MD: mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 L 1 – L 2; NHMW 1865 / 0015 / 0014, SL: 21.1 mm, 7.6, MD: mm, Jerutek at Lysice (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 7 a – b), fig. 4 F. Additional material. NHMW 202 / 0122 / 0002, 21 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A06385FFF4DFE61FF22FDD9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A combination of Latin pseudo (= wrong) and incognita referring to the misidentification of Mitra incognita de Basterot, 1825.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A06385FFF4DFE61FF22FDD9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Episcomitra species of medium sized, moderately slender to moderately broad shell with acute conical spire, weakly convex whorls, moderately constricted last whorl, and delicate spiral sculpture of flattish spiral cords.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A06385FFF4DFE61FF22FDD9.taxon	description	Description. Shell medium sized, moderately slender fusiform with impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of eight whorls. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided, conical with five broad, convex spiral cords separated by narrow spiral grooves. Later teleoconch whorls weakly convex, with periphery at abapical suture. Up to ten spiral cords on penultimate whorl developing by bifurcation of primary spiral cords. Spiral sculpture weak or subobsolete on late spire whorls and last whorl in most specimens, rarely persisting throughout. Last whorl weakly convex, with periphery slightly below adapical tip of aperture; moderately constricted with distinct basal concavity. Numerous flattish spiral cords on base and fasciole. Aperture elongate ovoid, moderately wide. Columellar callus thin, narrow, indistinct. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, abapical one strongly reduced. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, slightly bent to the left with deeply incised siphonal notch. Colour pattern in UV light consisting of narrow spiral stripes, disintegrating into long dashes on base and fasciole. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 18.4 – 24.3 mm, MD: 7.0 – 8.3 mm, AA = 32 – 37 °, SL / MD: 2.7 – 3.0, AL / AW: 4.5 – 4.7, AH / S: 2.3 – 2.5.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A06385FFF4DFE61FF22FDD9.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This small species was identified by Hoernes & Auinger (1880) as Mitra incognita de Basterot, 1825. This identification was already doubted by Bellardi (1887 a: 58), without providing an alternative name. We agree with Bellardi (1887 a). Episcomitra incognita, from the Burdigalian of the north-eastern Atlantic, has a comparable outline, but is much larger (SL: 36 mm), more solid, and its spiral sculpture is even more delicate (see de Basterot 1825: 45, pl. 4, fig. 5, Peyrot 1928: 99, pl. 9, figs 15 – 16, 29 – 30). A specimen from the Aquitanian of France, described by Lozouet et al. (2001) as Mitra incognita, represents a stocky shell with a broad conical spire and therefore is strongly dissimilar to the Paratethyan species. Some Proto-Mediterranean species, originally lumped with Mitra incognita by Bellardi (1850), were later described as separate species (Episcomitra villalverniensis, Episcomitra afficta). None of these are conspecific with the Paratethyan species: the Pliocene Episcomitra villalverniensis (Bellardi, 1887) (SL: 27 mm) differs in its shouldered whorls and higher last whorl (see Bellardi 1887 a: 44, pl. 3, fig. 20; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981: 153, pl. 45, fig. 1). The early Miocene Episcomitra afficta (Bellardi, 1887) (SL: 23 mm) is more slender and has more convex whorls (see Bellardi 1887 a: 57, pl. 3, fig. 49; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981: 156, pl. 47, fig. 3) and the early Miocene Episcomitra subumbilicata (Bellardi, 1850) has higher and broader subcylindrical spire whorls (see Bellardi 1887 a: 46, pl. 3, fig. 25; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981: 154, pl. 45, fig. 5). Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A06385FFF4DFE61FF22FDD9.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów (Nadrichne) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911), Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes and Auinger 1880).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A04385FFF4DFD7DFB29FAA1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype: I 4881, designated by Rossi Ronchetti (1955: 250), Piacentino (Italy), Pliocene; illustrated in Rossi Ronchetti (1955, fig. 133) and Pinna & Spezia (1978, pl. 53, fig. 3). Stored in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano (Italy).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A04385FFF4DFD7DFB29FAA1.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Episcomitra fusiformis was described from the Mediterranean Pliocene and has been frequently reported in the European Miocene and Pliocene literature. Its status, however, is not fully resolved. The lectotype of E. fusiformis is a large (SL = 67.5 mm), moderately slender shell with high spire, weakly convex, faintly shouldered spire whorls, high, subcylindrical, bullet-shaped last whorl and strongly twisted fasciole. Many authors included also smaller shells with distinctly lower spires in ‘ Mitra fusiformis ’ (e. g. Malatesta 1974, pl. 28, figs 10, 11, pl. 29, fig. 18; Chirli 2002, pl. 17, figs 1 – 5; Landau et al. 2011, pl. 15, fig. 2) (see also Landau et al. 2013: 210 for discussion). Revision of the Pliocene Episcomitra species is beyond the scope of this work. We therefore limit the chresonymy of E. fusiformis to references to the type material. Thus, we restrict E. fusiformis to the slender morphotype represented by the holotype (and the specimen described by Bellardi, 1887 a). In consequence, none of the middle Miocene Paratethyan shells identified as E. fusiformis in the literature and the collections of the NHMW is conspecific with the Pliocene species. Thus, all Paratethyan records of E. fusiformis refer to other species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A04385EFF4DFA65FE8CFBBD.taxon	description	Figs 5 A 1 – A 2 [Mitra] Brusinae nov. form. — Hoernes 1880: 125 [nomen nudum].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A04385EFF4DFA65FE8CFBBD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0100, SL: 76.7 mm, MD: 23.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 1 a – b), figs 5 A 1 – A 2. Revised description. Shell large, moderately slender biconic-fusiform with high spire, elongate last whorl, impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of eight whorls. Convexity of early teleoconch whorls weak, increasing slightly on later whorls; periphery slightly below mid-whorl. Sculpture of wide-spaced, subobsolete spiral grooves; faint spiral cords on base and fasciole. Last whorl high with periphery above position of adapical termination of aperture, slowly contracting below. Aperture narrow, abapically not constricted. Narrow, thin columellar callus, bearing four wide spaced, oblique columellar folds, weakening abapically. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, straight, with deep siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 76.7 mm, MD: 23.2 mm, AA = 28 °, SL / MD: 3.4, AL / AW: 5.9, AH / S: 2.4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A04385EFF4DFA65FE8CFBBD.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Bałuk (1997) was the first who doubted that the specimens described by Hoernes & Auinger (1880) as Mitra brusinai were conspecific and separated fig. 2 as Mitra repleta (= Episcomitra leopoldiana nov. sp.). To solve the status of this species, we select the specimen illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, fig. 1) as lectotype. Cernohorsky (1976: 378) listed Episcomitra brusinai as a synonym of Isara hoernesi (Mayer, 1864), which is clearly incorrect in respect to the completely different shape and much larger size of. E. brusinai. Hoernes & Auinger (1880) described this species as Mitra Brusinae without explicitly stating after whom it was named. Obviously, the species was dedicated to the Croatian palaeontologist Spiridon Brusina (1845 – 1908). Therefore, we emend the grammatically incorrect feminine ending to brusinai, as already done by Bałuk (1997: 32). A specimen from Steinebrunn (Austria) (NHNW 2020 / 0123 / 0001, SL: 74.5 mm, MD: 20.9 mm) differs in its more slender and higher spire and more prominent, twisted fasciole As the intraspecific variability of Episcomitra brusinai is unknown, we refrain from separating the specimen as a distinct species and refer to it in open nomenclature (Episcomitra cf. brusinai, figs 6 B 1 – B 2). Episcomitra brusinai is similar in shape to several species from the Italian Neogene, but most of those lack spiral sculpture on the last whorl. Episcomitra albigonensis (Bellardi, 1887) from the Pliocene of Italy is almost identical in profile, but is slightly smaller and the spiral sculpture is denser. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A04385EFF4DFA65FE8CFBBD.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880). Proto-Mediterranean Sea: Serravallian (middle Miocene): Karman Basin: Pýnarlar Yaylasý, Akpýnar (Landau et al. 2013).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A053859FF4DFB59FAADFA79.taxon	description	Figs 5 E 1 – E 2, F 1 – F 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A053859FF4DFB59FAADFA79.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 20200124 / 0001, SL: 45.5 mm, MD: 15.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 8, figs 28 a – b), figs 5 E 1 – E 2. Additional material. NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0398, SL: 40.0 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 5 F 1 – F 2; NHMW 1876 / 0011 / 0009, 9 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 1011, 2 specimens, Forchtenau (Austria); NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 1082, 9 specimens, Grund (Austria);? NHMW 2020 / 0125 / 0001, SL: 21.5 mm, MD: 7.6 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes 1852 b: 98, pl. 10, fig. 5;? NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0096, SL: 39.4 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Mikulov (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 5). Revised description. Shell medium sized, moderately slender fusiform with impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided, conical, periphery at abapical suture. Spiral sculpture of four convex spiral cords on first three teleoconch whorls, rapidly fading out on next whorls. Later spire whorls weakly convex with maximum convexity below mid-whorl. Last whorl weakly convex, with low base and shallow basal concavity. Shell surface smooth except for weakly prosocline growth lines and delicate spiral cords on base and fasciole. Aperture moderately wide, adapically narrowly angulated with indistinct anal canal. Columellar callus narrow, sharply delimited. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, abapically decreasing in strength. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, straight with incised siphonal notch.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A053859FF4DFB59FAADFA79.taxon	discussion	Discussion. When introducing Mitra ambigua as new name, Friedberg (1911: 19) explicitly referred to the specimens illustrated by Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, figs 4 – 7) and Hoernes & Auinger (1880 pl. 8, figs 27 – 29) as Mitra fusiformis Brocchi. Cossmann (1912: 214) pointed out that Mitra ambigua was preoccupied by Swainson (1829) and proposed Mitra friedbergi as replacement name without commenting on type specimens. Thus, the syntype series comprises seven specimens, of which most are problematic. The specimens illustrated as figures 4 and 7 in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10) are lost and cannot serve as types. The specimen illustrated as figure 5 is a slender shell, differing from Mitra ambigua as described by Friedberg (1911). Although it might be an aberrant specimen or extreme morph of Episcomitra friedbergi, it should not be selected as lectotype. The specimen illustrated as figure 6 in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10) is a juvenile specimen and is tentatively placed herein in E. friedbergi. The specimens illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880 pl. 8, figs 27, 29) differ from the description of Mitra ambigua in Friedberg (1911) in their conical spire and prominent spiral sculpture, and are described herein as Episcomitra neubaueri nov. sp. Thus, only the specimen illustrated as figure 28 by Hoernes & Auinger (1880 pl. 8) agrees with the description by Friedberg (1911) and is therefore selected as lectotype. The most striking feature of this species is the relative inflation of the penultimate and last whorls compared to the earlier spire whorls and the relatively low aperture. None of the numerous Italian Neogene species show this combination of features; E. astensis (Bellardi, 1850) from the Pliocene is probably closest in shape, but the spire growth is more regular and the aperture taller. Episcomitra friedbergi is morphologically close to Episcomitra leopoldiana nov. sp. but lacks the weak shoulder and subcylindrical spire whorls, lacks spiral sculpture on late spire whorls, and has a slightly wider apical angle. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 21.5 – 45.5 mm, MD: 7.6 – 15.0 mm, AA = 36 – 38 °, SL / MD: 3.1 – 3.2, AL / AW: 3.8 – 4.8, AH / S: 2.6 – 2.9.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A053859FF4DFB59FAADFA79.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Kleinebersdorf (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1997); Polish ForeCarpathian Basin: Błonie near Tarnów (Friedberg 1911); Voronyaky Hills: Hołubica (Holubytsia) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów (Nadrichne), Tarnopol (Ternopil), Zborów (Zboriv), Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911); Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn, Baden (Austria); Pannonian Basin: Sámsonháza (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Dacian Basin: Staropatica, Opanec, Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A023858FF4DFA1CFB0CFA24.taxon	description	Figs 5 C 1 – C 2, D 1 – D 2, 12 I 1 – I 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A023858FF4DFA1CFB0CFA24.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 202 / 0127 / 0001, SL: 63.7 mm, MD: 19.8 mm, Guntersdorf (Austria), figs 5 C 1 – C 2. Paratypes: NHMW 202 / 0128 / 0001, SL: 51.3 mm, MD: 16.4 mm, Grund (Austria), figs 5 D 1 – D 2; NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0275, SL: 74.3 mm, MD: 18.2 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880: 75, pl. 8, figs 25 a – b), Figs 12 I 1 – I 2. Type locality. Grund, Austria, North Alpine-Carpahian-Foredeep Basin- Type stratum. Silty sand of the Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A023858FF4DFA1CFB0CFA24.taxon	etymology	Etymology. After missile (Latin for projectile), referring to the bullet-shaped outline (noun in apposition).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A023858FF4DFA1CFB0CFA24.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Episcomitra species of large size, slender fusiform to bullet-shaped shell, with narrowly canaliculate suture, high spire composed of subcylindrical whorls, tall subcylindrical last whorl, and short aperture.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A023858FF4DFA1CFB0CFA24.taxon	description	Description. Shell moderately large, very solid, moderately slender, weakly cyrtoconoid, slightly depressed spire with deep, narrowly canaliculate suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of seven whorls. Spire whorls convex with periphery slightly below mid-whorl. Last whorl high, weakly convex to subcylindrical, slowly contracting with indistinct basal concavity. Wide spaced spiral grooves on last whorl, poorly preserved due to slightly corroded shell surface. Aperture narrow to moderately narrow. Columellar callus indistinct, more prominent between adapical columellar fold and tip of siphonal canal. Columella with four oblique columellar folds; adapical two folds most prominent. Fasciole bearing prominent growth lines. Siphonal canal short, straight with wide siphonal notch. Broad flattish spiral cords on base and fasciole. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 51.3 – 88.1 mm, MD: 16.4 – 24.2 mm, AA = 38 – 45 °, SL / MD: 3.1 – 4.0, AL / AW: 5.7 – 6.2, AH / S: 2.6 – 3.0.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A023858FF4DFA1CFB0CFA24.taxon	discussion	Discussion. In the collection of the NHMW the specimens had been identified in the early 19 th century as Mitra fusiformis Brocchi, 1814. Episcomitra fusiformis, as understood herein, differs from the Paratethyan species distinctly in its higher spire and higher spire whorls. Later, Sieber (1949, 1958 a) referred to these specimens as Mitra dufresnei de Basterot, 1825. Episcomitra dufresnei was described by de Basterot (1825) from the early Miocene of France. That large species (SL = 92 mm) is reminiscent of Episcomitra missile, but differs in its wider apical angle, broader last whorl, and even more prominent fasciole. Moreover, it bears deep spiral grooves on the last whorl, which are absent in the Paratethyan species (see Peyrot 1928: pl. 9, figs 34 – 36). The specimen illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 8, fig. 25) (Figure 12 I 1 – I 2) is a teratogenic specimen with spire whorls that are rapidly increasing in height. An additional specimen from Létkes (Hungary) in the private collection of Anton Breitenberger (Bad Vöslau, Austria) represents an intermediate morphotype and therefore, we do not separate this specimen as a separate species. Already Bellardi (1887 a: 25) doubted that this Paratethyan specimen was conspecific with Episcomitra fusiformis and proposed a relationship with Mitra affinis Cocconi, 1873 (non Lesson, 1842) [= Mitra cocconii Mayer-Eymar, 1898]. Indeed, the Austrian specimen differs from Episcomitra fusiformis in its higher, subcylindrical last whorl, shorter aperture, narrowly canaliculate suture and long anal canal. The proposed similarity with Mitra cocconii, from the Pliocene of Prato-Ottesola (Italy), is also unlikely in respect to the conical spire, smaller size, strongly callused inner lip and the higher number of spiral cords of the Italian species. A morphologically closely related species is Episcomitra dignota (Bellardi, 1887) from the Mediterranean Pliocene, which differs especially in its much smaller size (SL = 26 mm) at the same growth stage and the conical early spire (see Bellardi 1887 a, pl. 4, fig. 20; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 49, figs 2 a – b). Palaeoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A023858FF4DFA1CFB0CFA24.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Grund, Guntersdorf (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880);? Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Hidas (Hungary).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	description	Figs 5 G 1 – G 2, H 1 – H 2, I 1 – I 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0084, SL: 33.4 mm, MD: 12.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 8, figs 27 a – b), figs 5 G 1 – G 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0086, SL: 37.6 mm, MD: 12.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 8, figs 29 a – b); figs 5 H 1 – H 2; NHMW 1855 / 0043 / 0006, SL: 36.4 mm, MD: 12.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 5 I 1 – I 2. Additional material. NHMW 1857 / 0024 / 0011, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania; NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0085, 22 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honour of Thomas A. Neubauer (University Giessen, Germany) in respect for his contributions on Neogene malacology.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Episcomitra species of medium size, moderately broad drop-shaped profile, with high conical spire, narrowly incised suture, prominent spiral cords in adapical third of whorls, and moderately constricted base.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	description	Description. Shell medium sized, moderately broad drop-shaped with conical spire. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch consisting of nine whorls. Spire whorls straight sided, suture narrowly incised. Early three to four spire whorls bearing seven broad, flat spiral cords separated by narrow grooves. Spiral cords increasing in number on later spire whorls by intercalations of secondary spiral grooves, but becoming blurred and indistinct below subsutural area in most specimens. Spiral cords most prominent in adapical third of whorls. No axial sculpture except for prosocline growth lines in some specimens. Last whorl ovoid with convex periphery placed mid-whorl, straight sided above, moderately constricted below, with distinct basal concavity. Broad, flattish spiral cords on base and fasciole. Aperture elongate, moderately wide to wide, posteriorly narrowly angulated, posterior sinus indistinct. Columellar callus sharply delimited between adapical columellar fold and terminal tip of siphonal canal. Columella with four oblique columellar folds. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, moderately wide, straight with incised siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 33.4 – 37.6 mm, MD: 12.2 – 12.8 mm; AA = 32 – 37 °, SL / MD: 2.7 – 3.0, AL / AW: 3.5 – 4.1, AH / S: 2.6 – 2.8.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Hoernes & Auinger (1880) confused this species with the Pliocene Episcomitra fusiformis (Brocchi, 1814), which differs considerably in its larger size, higher spire, convex spire whorls and high, weakly constricted last whorl. Episcomitra neubaueri is characterised by its drop-shaped outline, conical spire and spiral sculpture. Indeed, if it were not for the columellar folds, one might consider it a columbellid. We are not aware of similar species in the European Neogene.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880). Genus Calcimitra Huang, 2011	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Calcimitra kingtsio Huang, 2011; by original designation. Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ Shell medium sized to large (35 – 125 mm), elongate-fusiform, with high orthoconoid or slightly acuminate spire and slender, tapering siphonal canal. Protoconch narrowly conical, multispiral, of about three smooth convex whorls. Suture deeply impressed or canaliculate. Spire whorls flattened to evenly convex, smooth or sculptured with weak and irregular, or distinct, evenly set cords. Interspaces between spiral cords sometimes ornamented with fine collabral growth lines or dense riblets sometimes forming fine cancellate sculpture pattern. Siphonal canal long, tapering, with shallow or indistinct siphonal notch. Aperture elongate, its outer lip smooth, evenly convex. Inner aperture lip often callused, sometimes reflected, bearing three to four fine columellar folds ” (Fedosov et al., 2018: 31).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A03385AFF4DF9E0FC7DF812.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Calcimitra is a rather recently described genus of extant deep water Mitridae (Huang 2011), which was confirmed by molecular data (Fedosov et al. 2018). No fossil species have been ascribed to the genus so far. The placement of the Miocene Paratethyan species in Calcimitra is based on the slender elongate fusiform shell profile, faintly cancellate early teleoconch sculpture, weakly canaliculate suture, long, twisted siphonal canal, and callused inner lip. A difference, however, is the smaller size, which makes Calcimitra bellardii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880) the smallest known species of the genus. The extant Indo-West Pacific Calcimitra invicta (Huang & Salisbury, 2017) and Calcimitra philosopha (Huang & Salisbury, 2017) are highly reminiscent of Calcimitra bellardii. Both species differ from this Miocene species mainly in their larger size and their uniform spiral sculpture. Some Calcimitra species are superficially similar to some member of the genus Cancilla Swainson, 1840, now placed in the Imbricariinae Troschel, 1867, but differ in their cancellate early teleoconch whorls, their spiral cords that are slightly gemmate or with finely dentate margins or stronger elevated cords, and more strongly developed columellar callus. If our interpretation of the genus based on shell characters is correct, several other Neogene species should also be transferred to Calcimitra, such as the species included in Bellardi’s (1887 b: 12) “ 46 a Serie ” (i. e. Mitra pulcherrima Bellardi, 1887, M. bronni Michelotti, 1847, M. separata Bellardi, 1887, M. ligustica Bellardi, 1887, M. fusulus Cocconi, 1873 and M. contigua Bellardi, 1887). Present-day distribution. Indo-West Pacific (Fedosov et al. 2018).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0E3857FF4DFF65FC1EFE82.taxon	description	Figs 6 A 1 – A 2, B 1 – B 2, C 1 – C 2, D 1 – D 2, E 1 – E 2, F 1 – F 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0E3857FF4DFF65FC1EFE82.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 2020 / 0135 / 0001, SL: 24.4 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 23), figs 6 F 1 – F 2. Paralectotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0107 a, SL: 23.7 mm, MD: 6.3 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 24), figs 6 E 1 – E 2. Additional material. SFM 12.2243 a, SL: 21.8 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt / Main, Germany, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 A 1 – A 2; SFM 12.2243 a, SL: 19.9 mm, MD: 6.0 mm, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt / Main, Germany, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), figs 6 B 1 – B 2; SFM 12.2243 a, SL: 18.7 mm, MD: 5.7 mm, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt / Main, Germany, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), figs 6 C 1 – C 2; NHMW 2020 / 0133 / 0001, SL: 23.4 mm, MD: 6.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 6 D 1 – D 2; NHMW 2020 / 0133 / 0002, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 5.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 2020 / 0133 / 0003, SL: 21.9 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0033, 44 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0E3857FF4DFF65FC1EFE82.taxon	description	Description. Shell glossy, small, slender fusiform. Protoconch high conical of three smooth convex whorls. Teleoconch of seven whorls. First teleoconch whorls subcylindrical, slightly gradate, weakly canaliculate suture. Later spire whorls straight sided to weakly convex, with periphery at abapical suture. About eight prominent, convex axial ribs on first teleoconch whorl separated by slightly wider interspaces. Axial ribs weakening on third teleoconch whorl crossed by three prominent, slightly punctate spiral grooves placed on adapical half of whorl. Additional weaker spiral grooves on penultimate whorl. Last whorl nearly straight sided above periphery, slowly contracting into long base; spiral sculpture subobsolete along periphery. Numerous low, convex spiral cords on base and fasciole. Interspaces slightly punctate with delicate axial growth lines. Aperture elongate, narrow to moderately narrow, posteriorly angulated with indistinct anal notch. Columellar callus thin, broad, glossy. Columella with three weak, oblique columellar folds. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal long, bent to the left, strongly twisted with moderately deep siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL: 18.7 – 25.5 mm, MD: 5.5 – 7.6 mm, AA = 24 – 27 °, SL / MD: 3.5 – 3.8, AL / AW: 4.8 – 5.9, AH / S: 1.9 – 2.2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0E3857FF4DFF65FC1EFE82.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Hoernes & Auinger (1880) referred to the specimens illustrated by Hörnes (1852, pl. 10, figs 22 – 24) when establishing Mitra bellardii as new name [“ die von Baden stammenden Originale ” (the original specimens from Baden)]. Therefore, these specimens are syntypes. Herein, we select the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 23) as lectotype and specimen on fig. 24 as paralectotype. The third syntype (Hörnes 1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 22) is lost. Unfortunately, Hoernes & Auinger (1880) illustrated two specimens from Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) as Mitra bellardii, stating that these specimens differ in their large size (Hoernes & Auinger 1880, pl. 9, figs 15 – 16). The Lăpugiu de Sus specimens are not conspecific with Calcimitra bellardii, but influenced the concept of ‘ Mitra bellardii ’ of subsequent authors (e. g. Glibert 1952; Janssen 1972). These two specimens are described herein as Episcomitra antibellardii nov. sp. Boettger (1906) assumed that Mitra bellardii Hoernes & Auinger, 1880 was preoccupied by Foresti (1879) and introduced Mitra subfusulus as new name. Foresti (1879: 115), however, described his species as Mitra bellardiana and therefore, there is no homonymy. For the same reason, Mitra (Mitraria) auingeri Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960 is a superfluous replacement name. Calcimitra fusulus (Cocconi, 1873), from the Mediterranean Pliocene, differs only in its larger size (SL = 40 mm) and the less twisted siphonal canal (see Cavallo & Repetto 1992, fig. 301; Chirli 2002, pl. 22, figs 5 – 9).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0E3857FF4DFF65FC1EFE82.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Jerutek at Lysice, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Vienna Basin: Baden, Gainfarn, Niederleis (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Bükk Mountains (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Dacian Basin: Staropatica, Yasen, Urovene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3857FF4DFE44FA5FF97E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Voluta filaris Linné, 1771; original designation by Cernohorsky (1970). Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3857FF4DFE44FA5FF97E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ Shell small to medium sized, fusiform to elongate-fusiform, with high spire and rather short aperture. Protoconch pointed, narrowly conical, of 2.5 – 3.5 smooth, slightly convex whorls to large, cyrtoconoid, of nearly five smooth whorls. Suture distinct, impressed. Teleoconch whorls evenly convex in outline, with dominating spiral sculpture represented by regular, elevated, widely interspaced cords that are fine or (usually) strong, sometimes slightly gemmate. Interspaces between cords further sculptured by fine spiral grooves intersected by axial grooves of equal strength, resulting in fine, cancellated background pattern. Siphonal canal moderately long, tapering or robust, with well-developed fasciole, delimited from shell base by distinct narrow waist, or extended concave stretch of shell base. Aperture rather short, elongate, with distinct siphonal notch. Outer lip gently convex, inner lip with three to four fine columellar folds, subequal or adapical strongest. Shell usually white or light with contrasting spiral cords, either uniformly dark brown or dashed-brown ” (Fedosov et al., 2018: 40).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3857FF4DFE44FA5FF97E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The placement of the described species herein in Domiporta is tentative. General shell shape, protoconch morphology, cancellate sculpture of early teleoconch whorls, relatively short aperture and deeply incised siphonal notch agree with extant Domiporta species. A difference, however, is the largely reduced axial sculpture of axial riblets in the spiral grooves. Axial riblets occur mainly between the spiral cords on the base and fasciole. A main argument for this placement is the intense spiral colour pattern seen in the Miocene species, which is also typical for Domiporta species [e. g. Domiporta filaris (Linné, 1771), Domiporta manoui Huang, 2011, Domiporta praestantissima (Röding, 1798)] but atypical for Cancilla Swainson, 1840. Some species are superficially similar to the genus Cancilla Swainson, 1840, now placed in the Imbricariinae Troschel, 1867. Nevertheless, species of Domiporta have a higher spire, more convex whorls, and the presence of a concavity that delimits the shell base from the siphonal canal. Some, but not all, of the species in Bellardi’s (1887 a: 69) “ 36 a Serie ” probably belong in this genus (i. e. Mitra paucicostata Bellardi, 1887, M. sororcula Bellardi, 1887, and M. avula Bellardi, 1887).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3857FF4DFE44FA5FF97E.taxon	description	Present-day distribution. Indo-West Pacific and West Africa (Fedosov et al. 2018).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3856FF4DF91FFC81F85E.taxon	description	Figs 7 A 1 – A 2, B 1 – B 2, C 1 – C 2, D 1 – D 2, 8 C 1 – C 2, D 1 – D 2, E 1 – E 2, F 1 – F 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3856FF4DF91FFC81F85E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2020 / 0106 / 0001, SL: 27.7 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 B 1 – B 2, 8 D 1 – D 2. Paratypes: NHMW 2020 / 0106 / 0002, SL: 29.7 mm, MD: 9.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 A 1 – A 2, 8 C 1 – C 2; NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0403, SL: 28.3 mm, MD: 7.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 C 1 – C 2; NHMW 2020 / 0106 / 0003, SL: 34.6 mm, MD: 9.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 D 1 – D 2; NHMW 2020 / 0106 / 0004, SL: 32.5 mm, MD: 9.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 8 E 1 – E 2, NHMW 2020 / 0106 / 0005, SL: 29.8 mm, MD: 8.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 8 F 1 – F 2. Additional material. NHMW 2020 / 0107 / 0001, 2 specimens, Bad Vöslau (Austria); NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0031, 30 specimens, NHMW 1973 / 1615 / 0087, 10 specimens, NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0815, 12 specimens; NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0814, 5 specimens; NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0810, 73 specimens; NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0811, 121 specimens; NHMW 2020 / 0108 / 0001, 304 specimens; NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0816, 4 specimens, all 559 Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 2020 / 0109 / 0001, 1 specimen, Nemeşeşti (Romania); NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0037, 16 specimens, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania). Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, Badenian.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3856FF4DF91FFC81F85E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin amoena (= lovely).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3856FF4DF91FFC81F85E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Domiporta species of medium size, slender fusiform profile, sculpture of broad, flat spiral bands or cords separated by deep, rectangular grooves; three spiral cords on spire whorls, split by intercalations of secondary spiral grooves in variable manner, last whorl with broader band along periphery in most specimen, spiral bands on last whorl frequently split by secondary spiral grooves; grooves coincide with intense dark stripes under UV light.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3856FF4DF91FFC81F85E.taxon	description	Description. Shell medium sized, slender fusiform with weakly coeloconoid spire and narrowly canaliculate suture. Protoconch high conical of about three smooth, moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls subcylindrical, forming high conical spire. Later spire whorls becoming weakly convex and wider. Last whorl high, elongate, with moderately convex periphery placed slightly above adapical termination of aperture, slowly contracting. Sculpture on first three teleoconch whorls cancellate with two blunt spiral cords, each bifurcated by a secondary spiral groove. Axial sculpture and abapical secondary spiral groove fade out on fourth to fifth whorls; spiral cords become broader and flatter, separated by narrower interspaces rectangular in cross-section. Last two spire whorls bearing three broad spiral cords, frequently bifurcated by secondary spiral grooves. Slightly broader spiral cord typically along periphery, often subdivided by secondary spiral grooves. Number of spiral cords on last whorl ranging around 15 depending on number of bifurcations. Spiral interspaces becoming more prominent on base and fasciole, showing delicate axial growth lines. Aperture narrow to moderately narrow, elongate, posteriorly narrowly angulated with very weak parietal swelling. Columellar callus narrow, sharply delimited, bearing three oblique columellar folds; fourth abapical fold strongly reduced. Outer lip thin, without denticles or lirae. Siphonal canal long, wide, weakly twisted, with deeply incised siphonal notch. Colour pattern in UV light intense, consisting of dark stripes coinciding with spiral grooves and light spiral bands coinciding with spiral cords (figs 7 A – C). Dark stripes alternating in width. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 20.7 – 35.0 mm, MD: 6.6 – 9.4 mm; AA = 28 – 32 °, SL / MD: 3.5 – 3.8, AL / AW: 5.3 – 5.9, AH / S: 2.0 – 2.4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3856FF4DF91FFC81F85E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The species is variable in spiral sculpture ranging from specimens with a distinct broad spiral band along the periphery of the last whorl to specimens with regularly-spaced spiral cords. These morphotypes are connected by numerous intermediate specimens. Domiporta amoena nov. sp. is very abundant at Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), documented by hundreds of specimens. These were lumped together with other fusiform Mitridae and labelled as ‘ Mitra scrobiculata ’ in the collection of the NHMW. Boettger (1906) identified this species from Coşteiu de Sus as Mitra citima Bellardi, 1887. The holotype of Mitra citima, from the middle Miocene of Albugnano (Italy), however, differs in its more scalate spire, but better preserved material is required to characterise the Italian species (see Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 48, figs 9 a – b). Palaeoenvironment. The clay of the Baden Formation formed in middle to outer neritic settings with up to 250 m water depth (Hohenegger et al. 2008).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0C3856FF4DF91FFC81F85E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau (Austria); Făget Basin: Nemeşeşti, Lăpugiu de Sus, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906); Dacian Basin: Opanec (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3850FF4DFF65FDBDF9D8.taxon	description	Figs 8 B 1 – B 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3850FF4DFF65FDBDF9D8.taxon	description	Mitra (Tiara) orientalis var. latisulcata n. var. — Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960 (pars): 156 [non pl. 41, figs 12 – 14 = Domiporta amoena nov. sp.].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3850FF4DFF65FDBDF9D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0098, SL: 31.4 mm, MD: 8.0 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 18), Figs 8 B 1 – B 2. Revised description. Shell medium sized, very slender fusiform with deeply incised suture. Protoconch and first teleoconch whorl unknown. Teleoconch of about eight whorls. Spire whorls weakly convex, nearly straight sided, with periphery along mid-whorl. Early teleoconch whorl cancellate, with four convex spiral cords. Spiral cords forming two pairs, separated by distinct central spiral groove with rectangular cross-section on subsequent whorls. Spiral grooves between pairs of spiral cords successively becoming obsolete abapically, resulting in two broad spiral bands. Third spiral band hardly visible along abapical suture. Last whorl with ten spiral bands, abapically narrowing, separated by prominent spiral grooves. Aperture elongate, narrow. Columellar callus indistinct. Columella with moderately prominent, oblique adapical columellar fold, weak middle fold and subobsolete abapical one. Siphonal canal long, relatively wide, straight with deeply incised siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 31.4 mm, MD: 8.0 mm, AA = 25 °, SL / MD: 4.01, AL / AW: 7.4, AH / S: 1.9.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3850FF4DFF65FDBDF9D8.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Mayer-Eymar (1898) introduced Mitra suballigata var. austrogallica for the Austrian specimen, illustrated by Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 18). Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov (1960) was obviously not aware of the paper by Mayer-Eymar (1898) and proposed Mitra orientalis latisulcata as name for the same specimen, which is thus an objective junior synonym. The specimens illustrated by Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov (1960), however, are not conspecific with Domiporta austrogallica, but represent Domiporta amoena nov. sp. Cancilla suballigata (Bellardi, 1887) was described from the Tortonian of Stazzano (Italy) and differs from Domiporta austrogallica in its much wider last whorl, narrower spiral grooves and it lacks the amalgamating spiral cords on the spire whorls (see syntype in Bellardi 1887 b, pl. 4, fig. 15; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 48, figs 12 a – b and Serravallian specimens in Landau et al. 2013, pl. 33, figs 12 – 13). Domiporta amoena nov. sp. is less slender, has more spiral cords, its periphery is more convex and the mode of spiral cord formation is splitting instead of amalgamating. Domiporta paucicostata (Bellardi, 1887), from the Langhian of the Monte dei Cappuccini (Colli Torinesi, Italy), seems to represent a closely related species (see Bellardi 1887 a: 70, pl. 4, fig. 12). It is distinguished from D. austrogallica by its broader shell, presence of four spiral cords on the penultimate whorl and the higher number of spiral bands on the last whorl. Palaeoenvironment. The clay of the Baden Formation formed in middle to outer neritic settings with up to 250 m water depth (Hohenegger et al. 2008).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3850FF4DFF65FDBDF9D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden (Austria). Note that Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov (1960) referred to Viennese specimens and that her illustrated specimens represent Domiporta amoena nov. sp.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3853FF4DF97CFE85F9ED.taxon	description	Figs 7 1 E 1 – E 2, F 1 – F 2, G 1 – G 2, H 1 – H 2, 8 G 1 – G 2, H 1 – H 2, I 1 – I 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3853FF4DF97CFE85F9ED.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. NHMW 2020 / 0129 / 0001, SL: 24.7 mm, MD: 7.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 G 1 – G 2, 8 I 1 – I 2. Paratypes: NHMW 2020 / 0129 / 0002, SL: 20.9 mm, MD: 6.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 E 1 – E 2; NHMW 2020 / 0129 / 0003, SL: 24.7 mm, MD: 7.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 F 1 – F 2, 8 G 1 – G 2; NHMW 2020 / 0129 / 0004, SL: 21.0 mm, MD: 5.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 H 1 – H 2, 8 H 1 – H 2. Additional material. NHMW 1807 / 0019 / 0037, Coşteiu de Sus. Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3853FF4DF97CFE85F9ED.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin pulcher (= beautiful).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3853FF4DF97CFE85F9ED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Domiporta species of small to medium size, slender to moderately fusiform, shell with well-developed, regular spiral sculpture of prominent spiral cords separated by deep spiral grooves with delicate growth lines. Colour pattern in UV light of regularly spaced spiral stripes (figs 7 E – G).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3853FF4DF97CFE85F9ED.taxon	description	Description. Shell small to medium sized, slender to moderately slender fusiform with weakly incised suture. Protoconch high conical, mammillate of about three moderately convex, smooth whorls. Teleoconch of seven whorls. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided, almost subcylindrical. Later spire whorls faintly convex with periphery at abapical suture. Sculpture of first teleoconch whorls of weakly opisthocline axial ribs crossed by four convex spiral cords. Axial ribs weakening on third teleoconch whorl. Spiral cords increasing to five on later teleoconch whorls by bifurcation of adapical primary spiral cord. Spiral grooves deep, narrower than cords, with delicate, densely spaced growth lines. Spiral cords slightly widening on last whorl with flattish profile; about 13 – 15 spiral cords of more or less equal width on last whorl. Last whorl elongate, weakly convex with periphery slightly below adapical tip of aperture; weakly constricted with shallow basal concavity. Aperture narrow, elongate with indistinct anal notch. Columellar callus narrow, thin, sharply delimited. Columella with four oblique columellar folds. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal long, narrow, straight with deeply incised siphonal notch. Colour pattern in UV light intense, consisting of dark stripes coinciding with spiral grooves. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 20.9 – 24.7 mm, MD: 5.9 – 7.3 mm; AA = 29 – 31 °, SL / MD: 3.5 – 3.6, AL / AW: 6.1 – 7.1, AH / S: 2.0 – 2.1.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3853FF4DF97CFE85F9ED.taxon	discussion	Discussion. At first sight, specimens of Domiporta pulchra nov. sp. could be mistaken as juveniles of Cancilla planicostata (Bellardi, 1887), but the colour pattern allows a distinct separation. Moreover, the spiral cords are flatter and closer spaced in Cancilla planicostata. Domiporta turpis nov. sp. is even more slender, its spire is higher and its spiral cords are much coarser. The prominent and regularly spaced spiral cords allow a separation from the slightly larger Domiporta amoena nov. sp. Mitra praecedens Bellardi, 1887, from the late Miocene of Italy, is superficially similar, but differs in its lower spire, more incised suture and lower and less constricted last whorl, which excludes it from the genus Domiporta (see Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 48, figs 13 a – b). The Pliocene Mediterranean Mitra interposita Bellardi, 1887, differs in its weaker spiral sculpture, higher spire and subcylindrical last whorl (see Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 49, figs 3 a – b). Boettger (1906) seemed to have this species at hand when referring to Mitra adsita (Bellardi, 1887), which was described from the Langhian of the Monte dei Cappuccini at Torino (Italy) (Bellardi 1887 a: 84, pl. 4, fig. 52). The Italian species, however, differs in its more convex, faintly shouldered whorls and narrower spiral cords. The Miocene Mitra aequopersulcata Sacco 1904 from Viale (Italy) is based on two syntypes, which are probably not conspecific. The specimen illustrated in Sacco (1904: 83 pl. 18, fig. 44) is reminiscent of D. pulchra, but differs in its more slender shape and higher spire whorls. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown, probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A0B3853FF4DF97CFE85F9ED.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, Coşteiu de Sus (own data).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A08386DFF4DF9A8FF2CFBD1.taxon	description	Figs 7 K 1 – K 2, 8 A 1 – A 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A08386DFF4DF9A8FF2CFBD1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0098 a, SL: 24.5 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 17), 7 K 1 – K 2, 8 A 1 – A 2. Type locality. Baden (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Clay of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A08386DFF4DF9A8FF2CFBD1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin turpis (= ugly).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A08386DFF4DF9A8FF2CFBD1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Domiporta species of medium size, slender fusiform profile, characterised by blunt, bifid ad- and abapical spiral cords on penultimate whorl and numerous, blunt, flattish, regularly spaced spiral cords on last whorl, delicate axial riblets in spiral grooves on spire and last whorl.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A08386DFF4DF9A8FF2CFBD1.taxon	description	Description. Shell medium sized, slender fusiform with elongate last whorl. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of eight whorls. Spire whorls straight sided to weakly convex with deeply incised suture. First teleoconch whorls cancellate with two flattened spiral cords, increasing to three cords on fourth whorl. Ad- and abapical spiral cords bifid by intercalation of secondary spiral groove. Spiral grooves between primary cords deep, with rectangular cross section and delicate axial riblets, widening on penultimate and last whorls. Last whorl and base bearing about 18 blunt, broad, flattened spiral cords. Axial sculpture of delicate growth lines in deep interspaces. Last whorl slowly contracting with weak concavity at base. Aperture narrow, elongate. Columellar callus narrow, sharply delimited. Columella with two oblique, narrow, weak columellar folds; third abapical fold even weaker. Outer lip not preserved. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, slightly bent to left, weakly twisted, with deeply incised siphonal notch. Colour pattern in UV light (Figs 7 K 1 – K 2) consisting of dark spiral stripes coinciding with spiral grooves. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 22.5 mm, MD: 6.5 mm; AA = 30 °, SL / MD: 3.7, AL / AW: 7.0, AH / S: 2.1.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A08386DFF4DF9A8FF2CFBD1.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterised by its flattened spiral cords and deep spiral grooves. It is reminiscent of Domiporta austrogallica (Mayer-Eymar, 1898) in shape and size, but differs in its more slender shape, coarser spiral sculpture, greater number of spiral cords on the last whorl, broader spiral cords, and the distinctly narrower siphonal canal. Domiporta sallomacensis sensu Peyrot, 1928, from the Serravallian of France, seems to represent a closely related species, but is less slender, has more convex spire whorls, narrower spiral grooves, and lacks prominent axial riblets in the spiral grooves. Domiporta turpis nov. sp. could be mistaken for a juvenile Cancilla exornata (Bellardi, 1887), but differs in its much smaller size and blunt spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls. Palaeoenvironment. The clay of the Baden Formation formed in middle to outer neritic settings with up to 250 m water depth (Hohenegger et al. 2008).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A08386DFF4DF9A8FF2CFBD1.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden (Austria) (Hörnes 1852 b).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A36386CFF4DFB74FA5FF9E7.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Ziba paratethyca nov. nom., original designation herein. Middle Miocene, Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A36386CFF4DFB74FA5FF9E7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A combination of the Latin fraus (= fraud) and Ziba.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A36386CFF4DFB74FA5FF9E7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately slender to moderately broad fusiform shell with paucispiral protoconch and smooth early teleoconch whorls. Teleoconch whorls subcylindrical with rounded or angulated shoulder. Spiral sculpture of flat spiral cords separated by narrow, partly punctate spiral grooves. Characterized by colour pattern of large subquadrate dots on shoulder and spiral rows of dots and / or dashes on last whorl.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A36386CFF4DFB74FA5FF9E7.taxon	description	Description. Shell medium-sized, moderately slender to moderately broad fusiform. Protoconch unknown in Paratethyan species but paucispiral of 1.25 smooth whorls in Fraudiziba ottomanica nov. sp. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls smooth, subcylindrical with incised to faintly canaliculate suture. Rounded or angulated shoulder develops between fourth to sixth teleoconch whorls. Last whorl moderately high, subcylindrical, slowly contracting. Sculpture of flat spiral cords typically on and close below shoulder, separated by delicate or distinct, partly punctate spiral grooves, partly to fully reduced in some species. Base and fasciole covered by flat, often bifid spiral cords. Aperture moderately narrow, posteriorly angulated with indistinct anal canal. Columellar callus narrow, restricted to area between adapical columellar fold to tip of siphonal canal. Columella with four columellar folds, abapically decreasing in width; fifth abapical fold weakly developed in some specimens. Siphonal canal moderately long, straight to slightly bent to the left, with moderately deep siphonal notch. Colour pattern consisting of large subquadrate dots on shoulder in most species and spiral rows of small or large dots and / or dashes below shoulder. Stratigraphic and geographic range. The oldest records of this genus are Fraudiziba protensa (Bellardi, 1887), from the Burdigalian of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea (Bellardi 1887 b), and F. paratethyca nov. nom. from the Karpatian (= late Burdigalian) of the Central Paratethys Sea (Harzhauser 2002). An early Miocene occurrence from the north-eastern Atlantic is cited by Peyrot (1928). The genus is widespread during the middle Miocene, documented by several species from the north-eastern Atlantic, the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and the Central Paratethys (Peyrot 1928; Landau et al. 2013). Fraudiziba has its last optimum during the Tortonian in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Its last occurrence is in the Pliocene, represented by a single species, F. concava (Bellardi, 1997) (Malatesta 1974; Chirli 2002).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A36386CFF4DFB74FA5FF9E7.taxon	discussion	Included species. Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. nom., Fraudiziba ottomanica nov. nom., Mitra concava Bellardi, 1887, Mitra goniophora Bellardi, 1850, Mitra goniophora sensu Peyrot, 1928, Mitra goniophora perangulata Peyrot, 1928, Mitra protensa Bellardi, 1887, Mitra protracta Bellardi, 1887, Mitra scalarata Bellardi, 1850, Mitra scalarata posticoangulosa Sacco, 1904, Mitra scalarata subiriensis Sacco, 1904, Mitra subcarinata Bellardi, 1887, Mitraria (Mitraria) mathiasi Bałuk, 1997, Mitraria (Mitraria) rudolfi Bałuk, 1997. All other Neogene European taxa listed by Cernohorsky (1991) as ‘ Ziba ’ are excluded from Fraudiziba.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A36386CFF4DFB74FA5FF9E7.taxon	biology_ecology	Palaeoenvironment. Inner to middle neritic settings, ranging from silty-sandy environments with sea grass to pelitic bottoms in up to 250 m water depth.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A36386CFF4DFB74FA5FF9E7.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Fraudiziba is superficially similar to the extant West African Ziba H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (type species Mitra carinata Swainson, 1824, by subsequent designation by Wenz (1943: 1292). Therefore, Glibert (1960) and Cernohorsky (1991) listed the Miocene European species of Fraudiziba as Ziba [note that based on molecular data, Cernohorsky’s concept of Ziba is not supported, as most extant species listed by Cernohorsky (1991) as Ziba were placed in Imbricaria and Subcancilla by Fedosov et al. (2018)]. Fraudiziba differs from Ziba in several aspects. The protoconch of Ziba comprises two to three moderately convex whorls (Simone & Turner 2010; Fedosov et al. 2018), whereas the protoconch of Fraudiziba is paucispiral, of about 1.25, nearly straight-sided whorls [based on Ziba ottomanica nov. sp.]. Early teleoconch whorls of all extant Ziba species have cancellate sculpture, but are completely smooth in Fraudiziba. The columellar callus of Fraudiziba is restricted to the area between the adapical columellar fold to the tip of the siphonal canal, whereas it extends to the parietal region in Ziba. Moreover, the last whorl of Ziba is higher and more slender. Finally, the colour pattern of Fraudiziba consist of broad subquadrate dots on the shoulder and spiral row of large or small dots and / or dashes, whereas all extant Ziba species are monochrome. The colour pattern of Fraudiziba is reminiscent of that of the extant Indo-West Pacific Imbricaria astyagis (Dohrn, 1860) and Imbricaria fulgetrum (Reeve, 1844). A placement in Imbricaria Schumacher, 1817, however, is unlikely based on the obconical shell base, the prominent spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls and delicate axial riblets between the spiral cords of Imbricaria species (see Fedosov et al. 2018). Subcancilla Olsson & Harbison, 1953 may be similar in profile, but differs in its prominent sharp-crested spiral cords.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A37386FFF4DF9A4FC24F97C.taxon	description	Figs 9 A 1 – A 2, B 1 – B 2, C 1 – C 2; 10 A 1 – A 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A37386FFF4DF9A4FC24F97C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2020 / 0101 / 0001, SL: 31.3 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 13 a – b), figs 9 B 1 – B 2. Additional material. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0085, SL: 32.5 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 7, figs 9 a – b), figs 9 A 1 – A 2, 10 A 1 – A 2; NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0100, SL: 29.4 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 12 a – b), figs 9 C 1 – C 2; NHMW 2020 / 0101 / 0003, SL: 33.4 mm, MD: 10.9 mm; NHMW 2020 / 0101 / 0005, SL: 22.8 mm, MD: 8.1 mm; NHMW 2020 / 0101 / 0006, 17 specimens, all Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Shell medium sized, moderately broad to moderately slender with narrow suture. Protoconch and first teleoconch whorl unknown. Teleoconch of at least nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with periphery just above abapical suture, fifth to seventh whorls subcylindrical, with rounded or rarely angulated shoulder, coinciding with onset of spiral sculpture. Spiral sculpture of about 12 delicate, weakly raised spiral cords, separated by narrower interspaces. Spiral cords slightly more prominent below adapical suture and shoulder, nearly obsolete below shoulder. Last whorl subcylindrical, moderately high, slowly contracting. Spiral sculpture on shoulder persisting on last whorl, subobsolete on periphery. Base and fasciole with narrow primary and secondary spiral cords. Aperture moderately narrow to moderately wide, elongate, with narrowly incised anal canal. Columellar callus narrow, extending from adapical columellar fold to tip of siphonal canal. Columella with five oblique columellar folds, decreasing rapidly in strength abapically; fifth fold very weak or subosolete in most specimens. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, slightly bent to the left with wide, moderately deep siphonal notch. Colour pattern consisting of large subquadrate dots on shoulder and numerous thin spiral rows of black dashes below shoulder. Length of dashes alternating between spiral rows but constant within single spiral rows. Shell measurements and ratios. SL: 20.3 – 33.4 mm, MD: 7.3 – 10.9 mm, AA: 39 – 41 °, SL / MD: 2.9 – 3.2, AL / AW: 4.8 – 5.1, AH / S: 2.5 – 2.8.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A37386FFF4DF9A4FC24F97C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is quite variable concerning shape, ranging from moderately slender to stout shells. Bałuk (1997) referred to the stout specimen illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 13 a – b), which he designated as holotype. This designation was unfortunate as this specimen is an extreme morphotype. At first sight, the slender shell illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 7, fig. 9) seems to be too different to be conspecific with the broad holotype of F. mathiasi. Additional material from Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), however, reveals several intermediate specimens. Moreover, all specimens have the same delicate spiral sculpture and display identical colour pattern. The specimen from Lăpugiu de Sus illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, fig. 12) was treated by Davoli (2000) and Landau et al. (2013) as ‘ Ziba goniophora ’. Although, it agrees in outline with Fraudiziba goniophora, its sculpture is much more delicate and it lacks the punctate spiral grooves of F. goniophora. The morphology of its early teleoconch whorls and the sculpture, however, are identical with typical Z. mathiasi and therefore, we consider this specimen an angulated morphotype of Z. mathiasi. The specimen from Korytnica (Poland) illustrated by Bałuk (1997, pl. 8, fig. 6), as ‘ Mitraria mathiasi ’ is most probably unrelated to F. mathiasi. The Polish species differs in its angulated shoulder and, more importantly, lacks any spiral sculpture. The colour pattern allows a clear separation from the Turkish, middle Miocene Fraudiziba ottomanica nov. sp., which has spiral rows of subquadrate dots. Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. nom. has fewer spiral rows of dots, lacks dashes and shows large subquadrate blotches on the shoulder. Davoli (2000: 194) discussed a relationship of this species with Cancilla suballigata (Bellardi, 1887) but M. suballigata differs clearly in its conical spire and the prominent spiral sculpture (see syntype in Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 48, figs 12 a – b). Palaeoenvironment. Unknown. Probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A37386FFF4DF9A4FC24F97C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Herend (Hungary) (Kókay 1966); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A343868FF4DF918FAAEFEA5.taxon	description	Figs 9 D 1 – D 2, E 1 – E 2, F 1 – F 2, G, 10 D 1 – D 2, E 1 – E 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A343868FF4DF918FAAEFEA5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0108, SL: 30.6 mm, MD: 10.1 mm, Pötzleinsdorf-Vienna (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 8), figs 9 D 1 – D 2. Paralectotype: NHMW 2020 / 0103 / 0001, SL: 24.9 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 9), figs 9 F 1 – F 2; NHMW 2020 / 0105 / 0001, SL: 29.2 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), figs 9 E 1 – E 2. Note that specimen NHMW 1866 / 0045 / 0031 from Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 10), is formally also a type specimen but is excluded from Fraudiziba paratethyca. The specimen is a juvenile Mitridae (probably Episcomitra sp.). Additional material. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0631, 4 specimens, Grund (Austria), NHMW 1997 z / 0178 / 1432, 21 specimens, NHMW 1859 / 0027 / 0180, 20 specimens, NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0921, 25.2 mm, 8.3 mm, Gainfarn (Austria) figs 10 G, NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0981 a, SL: 23.0 mm, MD: 8.3 mm, figs 10 D 1 – D 2, NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0981 b, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 7.5 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), figs 10 E 1 – E 2, NHMW 2020 / 0103 / 0002, 22 specimens, Gainfarn (Austria), NHMW 1871 / 0010 / 0329, 26 specimens, Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 1997 z / 0178 / 1112, 2 specimens, Bad Vöslau (Austria), NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0981, 8 specimens, Bad Vöslau (Austria), NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0980, 30 specimens, Bad Vöslau (Austria), NHMW 1852 b / 0012 / 0035, 1 specimen, Bad Vöslau (Austria), NHMW 1989 / 0089 / 0039, 10 specimens, Bad Vöslau (Austria), NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0008, 1 specimen, Ritzing (Austria), NHMW 1866 / 0040 / 0113, 4 specimens, Marz (Austria), NHMW 1847 / 0037 / 0047, Rohrbach at Mattersburg (Austria), NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0435, 6 specimens, Forchtenau (Austria), NHMW 1847 / 0046 / 0018, 1 specimen, Szob (Hungary), NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0109, 15 specimens, Mikulov (Czech Republic), NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0122, 5 specimens, Mikulov (Czech Republic), NHMW 1860 / 0142 / 0003, 3 specimens, Boršov (Czech Republic), NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0100, 1 specimen, Sudice (Czech Republic), NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0856, 32 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0855, 7 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1973 / 1615 / 0093, 7 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0857, 1 specimen, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW A 1570, 46 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2018 / 0248 / 0321, 32 specimens, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 9932, 1 specimen, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0525, 3 specimens, Bujtur (Romania), NHMW 1853 / 0038 / 0005, 1 specimen, Korytnica (Poland). Type locality. Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Silty sand of the Baden Group. Age. Middle Miocene, late Badenian (Serravallian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A343868FF4DF918FAAEFEA5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A343868FF4DF918FAAEFEA5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Fraudiziba species of medium size, solid, moderately slender fusiform, with high spire, rounded shoulder, high last whorl, moderately narrow aperture, moderately short siphonal canal, intense colour pattern of subquadrate dots on shoulder and spirally arranged dots or dashes on last whorl. Revised description. Shell medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform, solid. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided, high conical, fifth to sixth whorl convex in profile, coinciding with development of rounded shoulder. Suture of early teleoconch whorls incised, faintly canaliculate, narrowly impressed on later whorls. Shoulder persisting on last whorl, varying from indistinct, bulgy, to roundly angulated, never carinate. Last whorl high, subcylindrical, slowly contracting. Aperture moderately narrow, posteriorly narrowly angulated. Columellar callus narrow, extending from adapical columellar fold to tip of siphonal canal, thickened and sharply delimited from base in adult specimens. Columella with four oblique folds, decreasing in strength abapically, fifth columellar fold subobsolete. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, straight, with shallow siphonal notch. Shell surface smooth except for spiral cords on base and fasciole. Colour pattern under UV light consisting of large subquadrate to axially elongate blotches on shoulder and about four wide spaced spiral rows of subquadrate dots below shoulder on last whorl (figs 10 D – E). Shell measurements and ratios. SL: 12.5 – 30.6 mm, MD: 5.3 – 10.1 mm, AA: 35 – 43 °, SL / MD: 3.0 – 3.7, AL / AW: 5.0 – 5.6, AH / S: 2.2 – 2.7.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A343868FF4DF918FAAEFEA5.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The oldest name for this Paratethyan species is ‘ Mitra obtusangula ’, written by Paul Maria Joseph Partsch (1791 – 1856) on collection labels in the NHMW. The name was published as nomen nudum by Hörnes (1848) and d’Orbigny (1852). Soon after, Hörnes (1852 b) identified the Viennese specimens as Mitra goniophora Bellardi, 1850, which was originally described from the Tortonian of Italy. Fraudiziba goniophora (Bellardi, 1850) has angulated whorls, a moderately high spire relative to a high and subcylindrical last whorl and a spiral sculpture of narrow spiral grooves, most prominent below the angulation [see syntypes in Bellardi (1850, 1887 a) and Ferrero-Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 48, fig. 11 a, b)]. Subsequently, the original concept of F. goniophora was broadened by numerous misidentifications of Paratethyan material as ‘ Mitra goniophora ’ with completely smooth shell and comparably higher spire. Csepreghy-Meznerics (1950) recognized these differences and separated the slender and smooth Paratethyan morphotypes as Mitra goniophora austriaca referring to the specimens illustrated by Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, figs 8 – 10). This designation was unfortunate in two aspects. Firstly, the name was already preoccupied by Mayer-Eymar (1898: 83) for another Mitridae from Baden (Austria). Secondly, the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 10) from Steinebrunn (Austria) is clearly not conspecific with the other syntypes from Vienna-Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) and Mikulov (Czech Republic) (see also Landau et al. 2013: 214). To clarify the status, we designate a lectotype for Mitra austriaca sensu Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1950 and propose Fraudiziba paratethyca as new name for it. The majority of specimens in the NHMW collections show rounded bulgy shoulders with an indistinct angulation, whereas specimens with a weak angulation are exceptional. In addition, the material at hand demonstrates considerable variability in size and spire height. Due to the presence of numerous co-occurring intermediate morphologies, we find no reason to split the material into different species. As discussed by Peyrot (1928: 107), Fraudiziba perangulata (Peyrot, 1928), from the Langhian of Manciet (France), is highly reminiscent of the Paratethyan species, but is much smaller at the same growth stage (Figs 11 A – C) [The French species is represented by a lot of 10 syntypes stored in the Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux (France). To clarify the status of this species we select specimen MHNBx 2014.35.15.8, illustrated in Peyrot 1928, pl. 9, fig. 25, as lectotype]. Fraudiziba ottomanica nov. sp., from the Serravallian of Turkey, has a similar shell shape but differs in its colour pattern of large subquadrate blotches. Palaeoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A343868FF4DF918FAAEFEA5.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Kleinebersdorf (Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Sieber 1958 a) Boršov, Sudice (Czech Republic) (own data); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1997; own data); Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek (Poland) (Krach 1981); Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa (Poland) (Bałuk 1970); Voronyaky Hills: Podhorce (Pidhirtsi) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zborów (Zboriv) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911, 1928); Vienna Basin: Gainfarn, Steinebrunn, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Mattersburg, Marz, Forchtenau (Austria) (own data); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (own data); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota, Szob, Letkés, Herend, Pécsszabolcs, Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Kókay 1966; Strausz 1966; Bohn-Havas 1973); Bükk Mountains, (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969, 1972); Cserhát Mountains (Hungary) Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus Coşteiu de Sus, Bujtur (Romania); Dacian Basin: Staropatica, Târnene, Trifonovo (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).? Northeastern Atlantic. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Salles (France) (Peyrot 1928).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A333868FF4DFE60FF22F9F9.taxon	description	Figs 9 J 1 – J 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A333868FF4DFE60FF22F9F9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1861 / 0001 / 0238, SL: 17.8 mm, MD: 7.4 mm, Pöls (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 11 a – b), figs 9 J 1 – J 2. Revised description. Shell small, broadly fusiform with impressed suture and slightly coeloconoid early teleoconch. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of at least eight whorls. Early teleoconch whorls high conical to nearly subcylindrical. Whorl profile changing by fifth teleoconch whorl to convex with periphery at abapical suture. Spiral sculpture on spire whorls consisting of seven flat spiral cords, separated by moderately narrow, shallow spiral grooves. Abapical spiral cord largely covered by subsequent whorl. Last whorl with faint, rounded shoulder, subcylindrical below shoulder, weakly constricted at base. Spiral cords widening and weakening on last whorl, subobsolete below shoulder. Broad, flat spiral cords on base and fasciole separated by prominent spiral grooves. Aperture moderately wide, posteriorly narrowly angulated. Columellar callus narrow, extending from adapical columellar fold to tip of siphonal canal. Columella with four oblique folds, weakening abapically. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, straight, with shallow siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL: 17.8 mm, MD: 7.4 mm, AA: 53 °, SL / MD: 2.4, AL / AW: 4.6, AH / S: 2.8.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A333868FF4DFE60FF22F9F9.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is superficially similar to broad morphotypes of Fraudiziba mathiasi (Bałuk, 1997), but differs in its lower spire, convex instead of subcylindrical whorls, higher number of spiral cords, and the narrowly angulated aperture. Hoernes & Auinger (1880) considered this species to represent the ‘ typical’ Mitra goniophora Bellardi, 1850. However, the illustrations of the syntypes of Mitra goniophora in Bellardi (1850. pl. 1, fig. 20), Bellardi (1887 a, pl. 4, fig. 8) and Ferrero-Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 48, figs 11 a – b) show them to be less stocky, with more angulated whorls, and the base is more constricted. The specimen described by Atanacković (1985) from Bosnia and Herzegovina as Mitraria goniophora might represent F. rudolfi, but the preservation does not allow a clear identification. Palaeoenvironment. Inner neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A333868FF4DFE60FF22F9F9.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1997), Styrian Basin: Pöls (Austria); all other localities mentioned by Hoernes & Auinger (1880) are based on misidentifications of other species.? Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A333864FF4DF99CFEBFFF55.taxon	description	Figs 9 H 1 – H 2, I 1 – I 2, 10 B 1 – B 2, C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A333864FF4DF99CFEBFFF55.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (BS. 019.01.147) illustrated in Bellardi (1887 a, pl. 4, fig. 9) and Ferrero-Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 48, figs 7 a – b), stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, late Miocene (Tortonian), Stazzano (Italy). Additional material. NHMW 2020 / 0102 / 0001, Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia), SL: 31.3 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 14 a – b), holotype of Mitra goniophora transsylvanica CsepreghyMeznerics, 1954, figs 9 H 1 – H 2, 10 B 1 – B 2; NHMW 1861 / 0033 / 0010, SL: 36.5 mm, MD: 12.3 mm, Bujtur (Romania), figs 9 I 1 – I 2; NHMW 2020 / 0104 / 0001, SL: 29.3 mm, MD: 10.2 mm, Bujtur (Romania), figs 10 C 1 – C 2. Revised description (based on Paratethyan material). Shell medium sized, moderately slender fusiform with gradate spire and impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls subcylindrical without shoulder (surface strongly corroded). Angulated shoulder with steep sutural ramp (55 – 60 °) develops by fifth to sixth whorl coinciding with onset of spiral sculpture. Spiral sculpture of up to four broad, flat spiral cords below angulation, separated by narrow, slightly punctate spiral grooves; sutural ramp smooth. Spiral grooves persist on subcylindrical last whorl. Last whorl with faint concavity below shoulder, slowly contracting, smooth on middle part. Numerous broad, flat spiral cords on base and fasciole, narrowing towards siphonal canal, separated by distinct spiral grooves. Spiral cords partly bifid by intercalation of weak secondary spiral grooves. Aperture moderately narrow, elongate; anal canal indistinct. Columellar callus narrow, sharply delimited. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, adapical ones weak, abapical two folds subobsolete. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, straight with broad, shallow siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL: 29.3 – 36.5 mm, MD: 9.9 – 12.3 mm, AA: c. 36 – 49 °, SL / MD: 3.2 – 3.3, AL / AW: 5.5 – 5.7, AH / S: 2.7.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A333864FF4DF99CFEBFFF55.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterised by its angulated whorls and the deep spiral grooves (although these may be strongly reduced in number). When introducing Mitra goniophora transsylvanica, Csepreghy-Meznerics (1954) referred to the specimen from Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia) illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 14 a – b). Therefore, this specimen is the holotype [note that Csepreghy-Meznerics (1954) described several new species in her paper for which she always designated holotypes if the description was based on Hungarian material. That she did not do so for Mitra goniophora transsylvanica implies that she considered the specimen of Hoernes & Auinger (1880) as type and not her Hungarian specimen]. This act, however, was unfortunate in two aspects. Firstly, Mitra transsylvanica was already preoccupied by Hoernes & Auinger (1880: 90) for another Mitridae from Romania, and secondly, her smooth specimens from Sámsonháza (Hungary) are not conspecific with the holotype from Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia). Subsequent authors, however, always referred to the specimens illustrated in Csepreghy-Meznerics (1954), thus confusing the species concept. Davoli (2000) identified the specimen illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 14 a – b) as Cancilla (Ziba) subcarinata (Bellardi, 1887), although the specimen differs from the Italian material in its higher spire and more slender outline. Other Paratethyan specimens described herein and illustrated by Švagrovský (1982) from Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia), agree fully with the shells from Stazzano and Montegibbio. Therefore, we refrain from separating the slender morphotype as a separate species, and follow Davoli (2000). Nevertheless, we disagree with Davoli (2000), who listed the French middle Miocene Mitra goniophora perangulata Peyrot, 1928 as potential junior synonym of Fraudiziba subcarinata, as the French species lacks any spiral sculpture (see Peyrot 1928: 107). Fraudiziba scalarata (Bellardi, 1850), from the Tortonian of Santa Agata (Italy), has comparable spiral sculpture, but develops more and narrower spiral cords on the spire whorls and lacks an angulation and sutural ramp. Palaeoenvironment. Inner neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A333864FF4DF99CFEBFFF55.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Danube Basin: Modra-Kráľován (Slovakia) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Vienna Basin: Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1982);? Pannonian Basin: Várpalota (Hungary) (Strausz 1966). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (late Miocene): Po Basin: Stazzano, Montegibbio (Davoli 2000). 1887), Bujtur (Romania), NHMW 2020 / 0104 / 0001. D 1 – D 2. Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. nom., Bad Vöslau (Austria), NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0981 a. E 1 – E 2. Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. nom., Bad Vöslau (Austria), 2010 / 0004 / 0981 b. F 1 – F 2. Wormsina transsylvanica (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2020 / 0132 / 0002. G 1 – G 2. Wormsina transsylvanica (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2020 / 0132 / 0003. H 1 – H 2. Wormsina transsylvanica (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2020 / 0131 / 0001. I 1 – I 2. Wormsina transsylvanica (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), lectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1874 / 0025 / 0008. J. Wormsina transsylvanica (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2020 / 0132 / 0001. A – G in UV light. Not in Paratethys:	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3F3867FF4DFF2DFD00FB0C.taxon	description	Figs 11 D 1 – D 2, E 1 – E 2, F 1 – F 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3F3867FF4DFF2DFD00FB0C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1847 / 0058 / 0387, SL: 21.6 mm, MD: 7.4 mm, Seyithasan (Turkey), illustrated in Landau et al. (2013, pl. 34, figs 1 a – b), Figs 11 D 1 – D 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1847 / 0058 / 0388, SL: 22.1 mm, MD: 7.5 mm, Seyithasan (Turkey), illustrated in Landau et al. (2013, pl. 34, figs 2 a – b), Figs 11 E 1 – E 2. RGM 77 882, SL: 15.8 mm, MD: 5.4 mm, Seyithasan (Turkey), illustrated in Landau et al. (2013, pl. 80, figs 9 a – b), Figs 11 F 1 – F 2. Type locality. Seyithasan, Karaman Basin, Karaman Province, Turkey. Type stratum. Týrtar Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, Serravallian.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3F3867FF4DFF2DFD00FB0C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the Ottoman Empire.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3F3867FF4DFF2DFD00FB0C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Fraudiziba species of medium size, solid, moderately broad fusiform, with high spire, angulated shoulder, high last whorl, moderately narrow aperture, moderately short siphonal canal, intense colour pattern of large subquadrate blotches on shoulder and last whorl.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3F3867FF4DFF2DFD00FB0C.taxon	description	Description. Shell medium sized, moderately broad fusiform, solid. Protoconch paucispiral, consisting of about 1.25 smooth whorls with medium-sized nucleus. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided, fifth to sixth whorl weakly convex in profile, coinciding with development of rounded shoulder, passing into angulation on penultimate and last whorls. Suture of early teleoconch whorls incised, faintly canaliculate, narrowly impressed on later whorls. Last whorl high, subcylindrical, slowly contracting. Aperture moderately narrow. Columellar callus narrow, extending from adapical columellar fold to tip of siphonal canal, thickened and sharply delimited from base in adult specimens. Columella with three oblique folds, decreasing in strength abapically, fourth columellar fold subobsolete. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, straight, with shallow siphonal notch. Shell surface smooth except for broad spiral cords on base and fasciole. Colour pattern under UV light consisting of spiral rows of subquadrate blotches, with row of larger dots at shoulder of last whorl (figs 11 F 1 – F 2). Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 21.6 – 22.1 mm, MD: 7.4 – 7.5 mm, AA = 40 – 42 °, SL / MD: 2.9 – 3.0, AL / AW: 5.2 – 5.6, AH / S: 2.6.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3F3867FF4DFF2DFD00FB0C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was identified as Ziba goniophora (Bellardi, 1850) by Landau et al. (2013) but the Tortonian F. goniophora is stockier and bears punctate spiral grooves (see Bellardi, 1850, pl. 1, fig. 20), Bellardi, 1887 a, pl. 4, fig. 8 and Ferrero-Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 48, figs 11 a – b). Fraudiziba ottomanica is morphologically close to F. subcarinata (Bellardi, 1887) due to its angulated shoulder, but lacks spiral grooves on the spire whorls. Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. sp. is more slender, has a higher spire and lacks an angulation. In addition, F. ottomanica is characterised by its colour pattern of large subquadrate spots and blotches, whereas F. paratethyca has spiral rows of small dots and dashes. Fraudiziba ottomanica does not occur in the Paratethys, but because of its close resemblance with Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. sp., it is desirable to describe this Turkish middle Miocene species formally to avoid future confusion. Palaeoenvironment. Coastal, inner neritic depositional environments (Landau et al. 2013). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Seyithasan, Akpýnar-Pýnarlar Yaylasý, Gödet River across from Tilkikaya, roadcut at turnoff to Lale on Mut road (Turkey). Some of the specimens described by Davoli (2000) as Ziba goniophora (Bellardi, 1850) from the Tortonian of Montegibbio (Italy) might be conspecific with the Turkish specimens.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3C3867FF4DFA70FC6FF838.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mitra bulimoides Reeve, 1845 [= M. glabra Swainson, 1821], subsequent designation by Cossmann (1899: 153). Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3C3867FF4DFA70FC6FF838.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ Shell medium sized to large (30 – 100 mm), fusiform to turriform, lightly sculptured, light or dark brown due to well-developed periostracum. Suture distinct, impressed. Spire high to very high; teleoconch whorls gently convex to flattened, sculptured by regular or occasional spiral grooves, or smooth, often with a microsculpture of fine collabral growth lines. Siphonal canal short with well-developed fasciole to moderately long and tapering. Siphonal notch shallow or absent. Aperture elongate, rather wide; outer aperture lip evenly convex or straight in its adapical portion and strongly convex anteriorly. Inner lip with four columellar folds, the anteriormost notably weaker ” (Fedosov et al., 2018: 65).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3C3867FF4DFA70FC6FF838.taxon	discussion	Discussion. As discussed by Fedosov et al. (2018) it is impossible to separate Episcomitra and Isara based on conchological features alone. Therefore, some of the species placed herein in Episcomitra might belong to Isara. Herein, we place only Mitra hoernesi Mayer, 1864 in Isara, as it is morphologically closely similar to the presentday Isara cornea (Lamarck, 1811). Present-day distribution. Isara has a wide distribution including the Western Mediterranean Sea, the Azores, the Caribbean, West Africa and the Indo-Pacific (Fedosov et al. 2018).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3D3860FF4DFF65FD39FC0A.taxon	description	Figs 12 A 1 – A 2, B 1 – B 2, C 1 – C 2, D 1 – D 2, E 1 – E 2, F 1 – F 2, G 1 – G 2, H 1 – H 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3D3860FF4DFF65FD39FC0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0097 c, SL: 23.7 mm, MD: 10.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes 1852 b: 97, pl. 10, fig. 2, figs 12 A 1 – A 2. Paralectotype: NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0116, SL: 25.3 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, Mikulov (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hörnes 1852 b: 97, pl. 10, fig. 3, figs 12 B 1 – B 2. Additional material. Inv. Nr. t 3350, SL: 25.1 mm, MD: 10.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), holotype of Mitra multistriata Mayer-Eymar, 1890 [non Bellardi, 1887], illustrated in Mayer-Eymar (1891, pl. 10, fig. 7), stored in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Switzerland), figs 12 C 1 – C 2; NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0383, SL: 25.3 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Mikulov (Czech Republic), figs 12 F 1 – F 2; NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0397 a, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 8, figs 26 a – b); NHMW 1860 / 0040 / 0045, SL: 34.7 mm, MD: 13.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 12 E 1 – E 2; NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0014, SL: 30.3 mm, MD: 11.7 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes 1852 b: 97, pl. 10, fig. 1, figs 12 G 1 – G 2; NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0170 a, SL: 38.4 mm, MD: 14.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 12 D 1 – D 2; NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0170 b, SL: 39.6 mm, MD: 14.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 12 H 1 – H 2. Revised description. Shell medium sized, broad to moderately broad ovoid, with impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of eight whorls. Early teleoconch whorls moderately convex; convexity distinctly increasing on last two spire whorls. Sculpture on early spire whorls consisting of five broad, flattened spiral cords separated by narrow grooves (very weak in some specimens); abapical spiral cord partly covered by following whorl; adapical two spiral cords partly bifurcated by weak secondary grooves. Spiral sculpture becoming obsolete on fourth to fifth teleoconch whorls. Penultimate and last whorls smooth, aside from about 15 spiral cords on base and fasciole, increasing in strength abapically. Last whorl broad ovoid moderately constricted with distinct basal concavity. Aperture ovoid, moderately wide to wide; posterior sinus indistinct. Columellar callus broad, extending from adapical columellar fold to tip of siphonal canal. Columella with four prominent columellar folds, weakening abapically. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal short to moderately short, moderately wide to wide, straight, with shallow anterior notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 25.2 – 39.63 mm, MD: 10.0 – 14.4 mm, AA = 44 – 46 °, SL / MD: 2.4 – 2.6, AL / AW: 3.6 – 4.5, AH / S: 2.7 – 3.1.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3D3860FF4DFF65FD39FC0A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is morphologically extremely similar to the extant Isara cornea (Lamarck, 1811) from the western Mediterranean and the Azores. Isara hoernesi (Mayer, 1864) agrees with I. cornea in size and shell variability and differs only in the coarser spiral sculpture on early teleoconch whorls. We therefore assume that both species are closely related and place it in the genus Isara H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853. Already Bellardi (1887 a: 43) doubted that the Viennese shells described by Hörnes (1852 b) as Mitra aperta were conspecific with the Pliocene Italian species. Indeed, Episcomitra aperta (Bellardi, 1887) differs from the Paratethyan species clearly in its more slender outline (see syntype in Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981: 153, pl. 35, figs 14 a – b; Chirli 2002, pl. 16, figs 1 – 6). Consequently, Mayer (1864) introduced Mitra hoernesi as new name for the three specimens described and illustrated by Hörnes (1852 b: pl. 10, figs 1 – 3). Mayer-Eymar (1890, 1891) described this species as Mitra multistriata. This name, however, was already preoccupied for an early Miocene species from Italy by Bellardi (1887 a: 40). As we consider Mitra multistriata MayerEymar, 1890 to be a subjective junior synonym Mitra hoernesi Mayer, 1864, no replacement name is necessary. Mitra brevis Bellardi, 1887, from the late Miocene of Stazzano (Italy), might be a subjective junior synonym of Isara hoernesi (Mayer, 1864) differing only in the less convex spire whorls (see Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981: 147, pl. 40, figs 7 a – b). Similarly, Episcomitra brevis as described by Landau et al. (2013, pl. 33, fig. 1) from the Serravallian of Turkey, is comparable in shape, but differs in its smaller size (SL: 13.6 mm) and lower and broader spire. The early Miocene Italian Mitra turbinata Bellardi, 1887 is another stout ovoid species, but differs in its lower spire (see syntype in Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 45, figs 3 a – b). The Pliocene Mitra obesa Foresti, 1868 is a comparably stout ovoid species, but differs in its lower spire, the even stockier last whorl and is slightly smaller (SL: 18 mm) (see Foresti 1868: 505, pl. 2, figs 14 – 16; Chirli 2002: 36, pl. 18, figs 4 – 5). Palaeoenvironment. The specimens from Steinebrunn and Mikulov derive from shallow marine, inner neritic environments (own data).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3D3860FF4DFF65FD39FC0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Jasionów (Yaseniv) (Ukraine) (Friedberg, 1911); Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic); Pannonian Basin: Zapresic-Brijeg (Croatia) (Pavlovsky 1957), Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880; Popa et al. 2014); Dacian Basin: Opanec, Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3B3860FF4DFB74FC7DF905.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mitra contracta Swainson, 1820; subsequent designation by Herrmannsen (1847: 110). Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3B3860FF4DFB74FC7DF905.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ Shell small to large (15 – 150 mm), fusiform to elongate-fusiform. Protoconch pointed, narrowly conical, of three or more slightly convex, smooth and glossy whorls. Teleoconch whorls usually flattened in outline, with orthoconoid or acuminate spire. Sculpture variable, from indistinct to strong and deep groves separating flattened or rounded, sometimes undulating cords. Siphonal canal robust, short to moderately long, sometimes with distinct fasciole, giving siphonal canal a recurved appearance. Aperture elongate, its outer lip often thickened in its adapical portion. Margin of outer lip smooth or bearing fine denticles throughout its length. Inner lip with four to five delicate folds of subequal strength ” (Fedosov et al., 2018: 62).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3B3860FF4DFB74FC7DF905.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The placement of the Paratethyan Nebularia soliphila nov. sp. in Nebularia is based on the short aperture, gradate spire, solid outer lip and prominent, twisted fasciole, which exclude placement in the genus Cancilla Swainson, 1840. Moreover, Cancilla is a deep water genus, whereas Nebularia is found in intertidal and shallow sublittoral environments (Fedosov et al. 2018). The extant Nebularia incompta [Lightfoot, 1786], from the presentday Indo-West Pacific, is almost identical to Nebularia soliphila nov. sp., but with more numerous spiral cords. Present-day distribution. Indo-West Pacific (Fedosov et al. 2018).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3B3863FF4DF8A4FD5CF97D.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material. NHMW 1861 / 0001 / 0236, SL: 39.0 mm, MD: 11.8 mm, Pöls (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, fig. 19); figs 13 D 1 – D 2; NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0562, 11 specimens, Steinebrunn (Austria); NHMW 1997 z 0178 / 1433, 14 specimens, Gainfarn (Austria). Type locality. Steinebrunn (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Silty sand of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3B3863FF4DF8A4FD5CF97D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin sol (= sun) and Greek philos (= friend); referring to the shallow sublittoral habitat.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3B3863FF4DF8A4FD5CF97D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nebularia species of moderately large size, solid, slender to moderately slender fusiform shell, with shouldered whorls, gradate spire, low aperture, and blunt spiral sculpture of broad flattish spiral cords.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3B3863FF4DF8A4FD5CF97D.taxon	description	Description. Shell moderately large, solid, slender to moderately slender fusiform with slightly gradate spire and deeply incised suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex to straight sided with cancellate sculpture. Later teleoconch whorls subcylindrical with rounded shoulder. Sculpture of five to six broad, flattish spiral cords separated by narrow, shallow, weakly punctate spiral grooves. Faint secondary spiral grooves may bifurcate primary spiral cords. Last whorl subcylindrical to weakly convex, rather short, slowly contracting into short base, with moderate basal concavity. Sculpture of about 18 broad spiral cords, partly subobsolete along periphery and / or with faint secondary spiral grooves. Abapically, spiral cords narrowing over base and fasciole, spiral grooves widening. Aperture short, moderately narrow. Columellar callus narrow, thin, sharply delimited. Outer lip solid. Columella with four oblique spiral folds, decreasing in strength abapically. Fasciole prominent, twisted. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, slightly bent to the left with deep siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 28.0 – 57.5 mm, MD: 8.9 – 14.6 mm, AA = 26 – 30 °, SL / MD: 3.5 – 3.6, AL / AW: 5.1 – 5.4, AH / S: 2.3 – 2.7.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3B3863FF4DF8A4FD5CF97D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pliocene Mediterranean specimens of Cancilla alligata (Defrance in Blainville, 1825), as described by Cavallo & Repetto (1992: 118, fig. 302) and Chirli (2002: 42, pl. 21, figs 3 – 9), are reminiscent of Nebularia soliphila nov. sp., especially in its coarse sculpture, but are smaller (SL: ~ 27 mm), have a higher last whorl, a lower spire and fewer spire whorls. Mitra cocconii Mayer-Eymar, 1898, from the Pliocene of Prato-Ottesola (Italy), might represent another closely related species, differing in its less incised suture, less gradate spire, slowly contracting last whorl and more delicate sculpture (see Cocconi 1873: 98, pl. 3, figs 1 – 2). Hoernes & Auinger (1880) described and illustrated two specimens of this species as Mitra scrobiculata [= Cancilla praescrobiculata (Toldo, 1889)]. The similarity between both species, however, is superficial at best. Cancilla praescrobiculata is much more slender, lacks a shoulder and a gradate spire, has a much higher aperture and is less robust. Moreover, the occurrence of Nebularia soliphila in silty-sandy near shore settings suggests a distinct ecological separation from the deeper water Cancilla praescrobiculata. Cancilla grateloupi (d’Orbigny, 1852), from the Burdigalian and Langhian of the north-eastern Atlantic, is slightly reminiscent of the Paratethyan species, but differs in its much weaker shoulder and higher aperture (see Peyrot 1928: 113, pl. 9, figs 48 – 49). Palaeoenvironment. Inner neritic, shallow marine environments, partly with sea grass meadows (e. g. Gainfarn, Zuschin et al. 2007; own data).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A3B3863FF4DF8A4FD5CF97D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Gainfarn, Steinebrunn (Austria); Styrian Basin: Pöls (Austria) (own data).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387DFF4DFF65FEE7FB21.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mitra (Cylindra) transsylvanica Hoernes & Auinger 1880. Middle Miocene, Romania, Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387DFF4DFF65FEE7FB21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mitridae of medium size, ovoid, with low dome-shaped spire, high last whorl, cancellate sculpture on early spire whorls, pitted spiral grooves on adapical part of last whorl, columella with four folds, callus restricted to area from siphonal canal to adapical columellar fold.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387DFF4DFF65FEE7FB21.taxon	description	Description. See description of type species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387DFF4DFF65FEE7FB21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the World Register of Marine Species WoRMS (http: // www. marinespecies. org /). Included species. Only the type species is known.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387DFF4DFF65FEE7FB21.taxon	description	Stratigraphic and geographic range. Only known so far from middle Miocene (Badenian) deposits of the southern Central Paratethys Sea, recorded from Romania. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387DFF4DFF65FEE7FB21.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The Miocene type species of Wormsina was placed in the genus Dibaphimitra Cernohorsky, 1970 by Cernohorsky (1970, 1976). Mitra florida Gould, 1856, the type species of Dibaphimitra, is an extant species living in Florida and the Caribbean, and is the only living representative of the genus. The systematic status of Dibaphimitra within the Mitridae is so far unsolved (Fedosov et al. 2018). Morphologically, Dibaphimitra is reminiscent of Wormsina concerning the unusual ovoid outline, which might have been the main reason for Cernohorsky (1970, 1976) to discuss the Paratethyan species under Dibaphimitra. Aside from this superficial similarity, however, the genera differ substantially. The spire of Wormsina is cyrtoconoid dome-shaped, as opposed to conical and comparatively high in Dibaphimitra. Wormsina attains only half the height of Dibaphimitra, its columella bears a conspicuous callus extending from the adapical fourth columellar to the siphonal canal, whereas the columella in Dibaphimitra is not callused and bears six to seven folds, which are “ rather small for the size of the shell ” (Cernohorsky 1976: 473). In addition, the axial sculpture on early spire whorls and the pitted spiral grooves of Wormsina are unknown from Dibaphimitra. Lastly, its colour pattern of spirally arranged dots and dashes (Figs 10 F 1 – F 2, G 1 – G 2) differs from the large blotches of Wormsina. Hoernes & Auinger (1880) placed this species in Cylindra Schumacher, 1917 [non Illiger, 1802, Coleoptera], which is currently treated as Pterygia Röding, 1798 (Fedosov et al. 2018). The genus Pterygia differs from Wormsina in its proportionally higher last whorl and the deeply incised anal canal. In addition, it bears six to eight columellar folds.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387CFF4DFAE5FE13FCF1.taxon	description	Figs 10 F 1 – F 2, G 1 – G 2, H 1 – H 2, I 1 – I 2, J Cylindra Transsylvanica nov. form. — Hoernes 1880: 125 [nomen nudum].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387CFF4DFAE5FE13FCF1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1874 / 0025 / 0008, SL: 27.8 mm, MD: 13.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 11, figs 1 a – b), figs 10 I 1 – I 2. Paralectotypes: NHMW 2020 / 0131 / 0001, SL: 26.3 mm, MD: 14.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 11, fig. 2), figs 10 H 1 – H 2; NHMW 2020 / 0132 / 0001, SL: 20.0 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 10 J; NHMW 2020 / 0132 / 0002, SL: 29.6 mm, MD: 14.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 10 F 1 – F 2; NHMW 2020 / 0132 / 0003, SL: 28.5 mm, MD: 14.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs 10 G 1 – G 2; NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0227, 5 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Shell medium sized, inflated ovoid with low, cyrtoconoid spire. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of five whorls; spire whorls broadly convex, with maximum diameter close to abapical suture; suture weakly incised. Last whorl high, ovoid, periphery slightly above mid-whorl, slowly contracting into short base. Early spire whorls covered by densely spaced spiral cords (about 15 on penultimate whorl) separated by narrow, deep grooves. Delicate, densely spaced axial ribs on first two teleoconch whorls forming cancellate, pitted pattern with spiral cords. Axial sculpture weakening rapidly abapically, absent by end of second whorl, sculpture abapically reduced to narrow pitted grooves, most prominent on adapical portion of last whorl. Periphery of last whorl nearly smooth; weak spiral cords separated by narrow pitted grooves re-appear on base and fasciole. Aperture moderately narrow, anteriorly widening, posteriorly narrowly angulated. Columella bearing four prominent oblique folds, weakening abapically; subobsolete fifth abapical fold present in some specimen. Columellar callus formed between adapical fold and siphonal canal, narrow, sharply delimited. Narrow chink between columellar callus and fasciole. Outer lip thin, without lirae or denticles. Siphonal canal short, wide, slightly recurved, with deep notch. Colour pattern in UV light consisting of spirally arranged vaguely subquadrate blotches separated by irregular, dark spiral bands on last whorl. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 20.0 – 30.8 mm, MD: 11.1 – 14.6 mm, AA = 85 – 92 °, SL / MD: 1.9 – 2.0, AL / AW: 5.1 – 5.4, AH / S: 3.1 – 3.9.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387CFF4DFAE5FE13FCF1.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Mitra sp. aff. transylvanica [sic] Hoernes & Auinger 1880 described by Pfister & Wegmüller (2007) from the lower Miocene of Switzerland has blunt spiral cords and is clearly unrelated to Wormsina transsylvanica. Even its placement in Mitridae seems to be doubtful. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown, the clays of the type locality Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) suggest offshore environments but the eroded surface and bioerosion of some specimens might also indicate transport from shallow water habitats.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A26387CFF4DFAE5FE13FCF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A27387CFF4DFC5CFA5FF80E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mitra isabella Swainson, 1831, subsequent designation by Herrmannsen (1846: 166). Present-day, Indo-Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A27387CFF4DFC5CFA5FF80E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ Shell small to rather large (15 – 110 mm), fusiform, with high aperture and long, tapering siphonal canal. Protoconch conical, of about three very slightly convex smooth whorls. Spire whorls evenly convex to subcylindrical; suture distinct, impressed. Shell sculptured with spiral cords that are slightly gemmate or with finely dentate margins, very wide and flat, separated by narrow grooves, or with strong, narrow and elevated cords separated by broad depressions bearing regular, very fine riblets. Shell base gradually extended into rather long, tapering siphonal canal. Siphonal fasciole not pronounced, notch deep or shallow. Aperture elongate, narrow; outer aperture lip smooth, gently convex adapically, and flattened in its lower portion. Inner lip with four oblique columellar folds, adapicalmost strongest. Shell pale or cream, typically with multiple darker spiral strokes on crests of spiral cords ” (Fedosov et al., 2018: 54). Present-day distribution. Indo-West Pacific (Fedosov et al. 2018).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A27387CFF4DFC5CFA5FF80E.taxon	discussion	See Table 2 for morphometric data of all Paratethyan Cancilla species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A24387EFF4DFCA7FEF1FD15.taxon	description	Figs 13 F 1 – 1 F 2, G 1 – G 2, H 1 – H 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A24387EFF4DFCA7FEF1FD15.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (BS. 019.01.202) illustrated in Ferrero Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 50, figs 11 a – b), late Miocene, Tortonian, Stazzano, Italy, stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino. Additional material. NHMW 2020 / 0113 / 0001, SL: 90.9 mm, MD: 21.7 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria) figs 13 G 1 – G 2; NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0363 a, SL: 76.3 mm, MD: 20.2 mm, Baden (Austria) figs 13 H 1 – H 2; NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0363 b, SL: 55.8 mm, MD: 16.9 mm, Baden (Austria) figs 13 F 1 – F 2. Revised description (of Paratethyan specimens). Large, slender fusiform shell with high spire. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch consisting of 13 whorls. Early spire whorls high conical forming weakly coeloconoid outline. Spire whorls weakly convex; suture distinctly incised. Sculpture on early teleoconch whorls consisting of five convex spiral cords crossed by densely spaced prominent, weakly opisthocline axial ribs, forming nodulose pattern at intersections with spiral cords. Spiral cords increase in number during ontogeny (seven to eight on penultimate whorl) with secondary and tertiary cords intercalated. Axial ribs weakening on penultimate and last whorls, prominent close-set growth lines, forming delicately cancellate pattern in spiral interspaces. Last whorl high, slowly contracting, with shallow basal concavity. Aperture moderately narrow, elongate, posteriorly narrowly angulated, with indistinct posterior sinus. Columellar callus slightly callused in parietal area; thin and indistinct below. Columella bearing three oblique columellar folds; fourth abapical fold subobsolete. Outer lip broken in all specimens. Siphonal canal long, narrow, straight to weakly twisted. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 55.8 – 90.9 mm, MD: 20.2 – 21.7 mm; AA = 23 – 27 °, SL / MD: 3.9 – 4.0, AL / AW: 5.0 – 5.5, AH / S: 2.0 – 2.2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A24387EFF4DFCA7FEF1FD15.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is the largest mitrid in the Paratethyan fauna. It was mixed by Hörnes (1852 b) and Hoernes & Auinger (1880) with specimens of Cancilla planicostata (Bellardi, 1887) and C. praescrobiculata (Toldo, 1889), but is readily distinguished from these species by its delicate axial sculpture. Cancilla pulcherrima plicatulominor Sacco, 1904 differs only in its smaller size and more regular, cancellate sculpture. It is based on a subadult specimen from Stazzano (Italy) from where C. pulcherrima is also recorded. In our opinion, it is a morphotype of C. pulcherrima. Cancilla pulcherrima is found in the Central Paratethys Sea and the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. The specimen from the Miocene of the North Sea, referred to as Mitra (Cancilla) cf. pulcherrima by Glibert (1952 a: 116, pl. 9, fig. 1), is less elongate, has subcylindrical whorls, and represents another species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A24387EFF4DFCA7FEF1FD15.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Pannonian Basin: Herend (Hungary) (Kókay 1966); Bükk Mountains (Hungary) (CsepreghyMeznerics 1969, 1972); Dacian Basin: Staropatica (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (late Miocene): Po Basin: Stazzano, Montegibbio (Italy) (Sacco 1904; Davoli 2000).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A253879FF4DFCB0FC22FF30.taxon	description	Figs 13 I 1 – I 2 cf. M [itra]. Capelliniana C occ. — Cocconi 1873: 100, pl. 3, figs 3 – 4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A253879FF4DFCB0FC22FF30.taxon	materials_examined	Material. NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0361, SL: 69.2 mm, MD: 18.8 mm, Baden (Austria), figs 13 I 1 – I 2; NHMW 1865 / 0015 / 0016, Jerutek at Lysice (Czech Republic).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A253879FF4DFCB0FC22FF30.taxon	description	Description. Shell large, solid, slender fusiform with moderately broad conical spire and impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of eight whorls. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex, with periphery at abapical suture. Sculpture of nine convex spiral cords separated by narrow spiral grooves bearing delicate axial riblets, resulting in delicate cancellate pattern. Later spire whorls are nearly straight sided, with periphery at abapical suture, with broad, flattish spiral cords (ten on penultimate whorl). Axial sculpture weakening on later whorls. Last whorl high, straight sided above moderately convex periphery, strongly constricted, with moderately deep basal concavity. Spiral sculpture on last whorl of broad spiral cords above periphery, subobsolete along periphery, narrow primary and secondary spirals on base and fasciole. Aperture narrow, constricted in abapical third; columellar callus slightly thickened, sharply delimited, Columella with three oblique columellar folds. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, twisted with moderately deep siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 69.2 mm, MD: 18.8 mm; AA = 33 °, SL / MD: 3.5, AL / AW: 6.9, AH / S: 2.4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A253879FF4DFCB0FC22FF30.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Only two specimens are available, represented by a spire fragment and the illustrated specimen, which shows scars from a severe trauma. Therefore, it remains unclear if the peculiar morphology of the last whorl, with the constricted base, is typical for the species, or an individual pathology. Nevertheless, the two specimens differ from all other Paratethyan Mitridae in the wide apical angle and broad conical spire. In addition, the high number of spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls differs from comparable species such as Cancilla praescrobiculata (Toldo, 1889) and Cancilla planicostata (Bellardi, 1887). The illustrated specimen is close to Cancilla capelliniana (Cocconi, 1873), described from the Pliocene of Diolo (Italy), which differs only in its somewhat smaller size (SL: 42 mm). We have not seen the type material of Cocconi (1873) and therefore, the identification remains provisional. The Pliocene Cancilla atilis (Bellardi, 1887) and Cancilla sismondai sensu Pelosio, 1967 (non Bellardi, 1887) are superficially similar with C. capelliniana, but have convex whorls and lack the marked basal concavity. Palaeoenvironment. The mollusc assemblage from Jerutek at Lysice (Czech Republic) suggests a middle to outer neritic environment (own data). Cancilla capelliniana was described from the “ marne azzurre ” of Diolo, which represent deeper water deposits.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A253879FF4DFCB0FC22FF30.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Jerutek at Lysice (Czech Republic), Vienna Basin: Baden (Austria) (Schultz 1998).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A223879FF4DFED4FEFFF877.taxon	description	Figs 14 A 1 – A 2, B 1 – B 2, C 1 – C 2, D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A223879FF4DFED4FEFFF877.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype (BS. 019.01.183) illustrated in Ferrero Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 50, figs 4 a – b), late Miocene (Tortonian), San Agata (Italy), stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino. Additional material. NHMW 2020 / 0111 / 0001, SL: 36.5 mm, MD: 9.5 mm, Baden (Austria), figs 14 B 1 – B 2; NHMW 2020 / 0111 / 0002, SL: 50.5 mm, MD: 10.9 mm, Baden (Austria), fig. 14 D; NHMW 2020 / 0111 / 0003, SL: 45.8 mm, MD: 10.4 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 16), figs 14 A 1 – A 2; NHMW 2020 / 0111 / 0004, SL: 36.9 mm, MD: 10.0 mm, Baden (Austria), figs 14 C 1 – C 2; NHMW 2020 / 0111 / 0005, 12 specimens, Baden (Austria). Revised description (based on Paratethyan material). Shell moderately large, slender fusiform with distinctly incised suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of eight whorls. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with periphery at abapical suture; later whorls nearly straight sided. Spiral sculpture on early teleoconch whorls of six to seven densely spaced, convex cords separated by narrow spiral grooves. Number of spiral cords on subsequent spire whorls about seven or eight; abapically spiral cords narrowing with convex tops, rarely crest-like; spiral grooves widening, often slightly wider than cords. Spiral grooves filled with densely spaced axial riblets. Secondary spiral threads may be intercalated in wide spiral grooves, resulting in delicate, cancellate pattern. Last whorl elongate, slowly contracting with slight basal concavity, with about 18 to 20 spiral cords. Aperture narrow, posteriorly angulated. Columellar callus thin, glossy, sharply delimited, forming small denticle-like swellings where thin callus covers spiral cords on base. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, placed relatively deeply inside aperture, weakening rapidly abapically. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal long, narrow, straight with deep siphonal notch. No colour pattern in UV light. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 36.5 – 45.8 mm, MD: 9.5 – 10.9 mm, AA = 24 – 28 °, SL / MD: 3.8 – 4.6, AL / AW: 6.0 – 7.5, AH / S: 1.8 – 2.1.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A223879FF4DFED4FEFFF877.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Cancilla exornata is reminiscent of Cancilla praescrobiculata, but differs in its smaller size and the narrow, convex (not flattish) spiral cords and wide spiral grooves with prominent axial riblets forming a secondary cancellate sculpture. Cancilla elegantissima (Bellardi, 1887) differs from C. exornata in its less elongate shell and higher number of spiral cords, forming a rather regular cancellate pattern with the axial riblets. The holotype of C. elegantissima (illustrated by Ferrero-Mortara et al., 1981, pl. 50, figs 3 a – b) derives from the upper Miocene of Stazzano (Italy) where it co-occurs with C. exornata. It is possible that the two taxa are extreme morphotypes of a single species (see also Davoli 2000: 187). Note that Mitra elegantissima was already used by Röding (1798: 137) for an extant species as nomen nudum. Therefore, Mitra elegantissima Bellardi, 1887 is an available name. Palaeoenvironment. The specimens from the Vienna Basin were collected from basinal clays of the Baden Formation, indicating middle to outer neritic environments with up to 250 m water depth (Hohenegger et al. 2008).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A223879FF4DFED4FEFFF877.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, (Austria) (Hörnes 1852); Pannonian Basin: Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Dacian Basin: Lipen (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio, Stazzano, San Agata (Italy) (Davoli 2000).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A23387BFF4DFF65FD35FF31.taxon	description	Figs 14 E 1 – E 2, F 1 – F 2, G 1 – G 2, H, 7 I 1 – I 2, J 1 – J 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A23387BFF4DFF65FD35FF31.taxon	description	M [itra]. (T [iara].) grateloupi Orb. — Sieber 1958 a: 154 [non d’Orbigny, 1852].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A23387BFF4DFF65FD35FF31.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype (BS. 019.01.190) illustrated in Ferrero Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 50, figs 2 a – b), Pliocene, Vezza Alba, Italy, stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino. Additional material. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0092, SL: 45.7 mm, MD: 11.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 17 a – b), figs 14 F 1 – F 2; NHMW 2020 / 0112 / 0001, SL: 35.5 mm, MD: 8.5 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), figs 14 G 1 – G 2, figs 7 I 1 – I 2; NHMW 2020 / 0112 / 0002, SL: 35.6 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), figs 14 E 1 – E 2; NHMW 2020 / 0112 / 0003, SL: 40.3 mm, MD: 10.9 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), fig. 14 H; NHMW 2020 / 0112 / 0002, SL: 37.5 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), figs 7 J 1 – J 2. Revised description (of Paratethyan material). Shell moderately large, slender fusiform with narrowly incised suture. Protoconch high conical of about three weakly convex whorls. Teleoconch of eight whorls; spire whorls nearly straight sided with periphery at abapical suture; rarely slightly convex. First teleoconch whorl weakly cancellate with predominant spiral sculpture composed of five spiral cords. On second teleoconch whorl sixth spiral cord appears at abapical suture, intermediate whorls with six fully exposed cords, seventh cord appears on penultimate whorl. Spiral cords broad, with flat tops and rounded edges, separated by narrow, punctate spiral grooves. Last whorl elongate, weakly convex, slowly contracting with shallow concavity at base. About 18 to 20 spiral cords on last whorl. Outer lip thin, weakly crenulated by terminations of spiral grooves. Aperture moderately narrow. Columellar callus narrow, thin, sharply delimited, prominent fasciole. Columella with three oblique folds, weakening abapically. Siphonal canal long, moderately narrow, distinctly twisted, with deep siphonal notch. Colour pattern in UV light consisting of dark, broad, weakly undulating axial stripes or flammulae separated by light interspaces. Less intense dark spiral stripes in spiral grooves. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 31.1 – 45.7 mm, MD: 8.5 – 11.9 mm; AA = 24 – 28 °, SL / MD: 3.6 – 4.2, AL / AW: 5.4 – 6.5, AH / S: 2.0 – 2.1.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A23387BFF4DFF65FD35FF31.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The species displays some variability in its spiral sculpture. The adapical two spiral cords may amalgamate and the spiral grooves on the last whorl may become subobsolete along the periphery. The overall shape and sculpture suggest a relationship with the Cancilla scrobiculata group [e. g. C. praescrobiculata (Toldo, 1889), C. scrobiculata (Brocchi, 1814), C. pulcherrima (Bellardi, 1887)]. It is clearly separated from these species by its much smaller size and the less elongate outline. The axial colour pattern of Cancilla planicostata, was also documented by Landau et al. (2013) from Serravallian specimens from Turkey, supporting our assumption that both occurrences are conspecific. Palaeoenvironment. The specimens from the Vienna Basin were collected from basinal clays of the Baden Formation, indicating middle to outer neritic environments with up to 250 m water depth (Hohenegger et al. 2008).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A23387BFF4DFF65FD35FF31.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau (Schultz 1998), Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Dacian Basin: Staropatica (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Akboðazi, Akpýnar, Lale, Pýnarlar Yaylasý, Seyithasan, Tilkikaya (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013); Tortonian (late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Davoli 2000; Zanclean (Pliocene): Roussillon Basin, France (Chirli & Richard 2008); central Mediterranean, Italy (Bellardi 1887 b; Sacco 1904; Chirli 2002).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A203875FF4DFED4FABAF9ED.taxon	description	Figs 14 I 1 – I 2, J 1 – J 2, K 1 – K 2, L	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A203875FF4DFED4FABAF9ED.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: IPUM Cat. 5276, Montegibbio (Italy), Tortonian, illustrated in Toldo (1889, pl. 3, figs 1 – 2) and Davoli (2000, pl. 5, 1 a – b). Additional material. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0098, SL: 61.7 mm, MD: 13.5 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes 1852 b: 100, pl. 10, fig. 15, lectotype of Mitra orientalis Oppenheim, 1918 [non Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834], designated herein, figs 14 I 1 – I 2; NHMW 2020 / 0114 / 0001, SL: 59.7 mm, MD: 13.5 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), figs 14 J 1 – J 2; NHMW 2020 / 0114 / 0002, SL: 68.2 mm, MD: 16.9 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), figs 14 K 1 – K 2; NHMW 2020 / 0114 / 0003, SL: 60.0 mm, MD: 14.5 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), fig. 14 L; NHMW 2020 / 0114 / 0004, 9 specimens, Baden-Sooss (Austria); NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0197, 12 specimens, NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0198, 7 specimens, Baden (Austria); NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0868, 12 specimens, NHMW 1937 / 0002 / 0275, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1908, pl. 10, fig. 18); NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0248, 10 specimens, Möllersdorf (Austria); NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0092, 10 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0813, 8 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0812, 5 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0032, 12 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description (based on Paratethyan material). Shell large, slender fusiform with distinctly incised suture. Protoconch poorly preserved in all available specimens; high conical of about three moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of ten whorls. First teleoconch whorl with five close-set spiral cords, crossed by weak axial ribs, forming weakly cancellate sculpture. Six to eight broad, flattish spiral cords on subsequent spire whorls; number increasing by bifurcation of some primary spiral cords in variable manner; bifurcated adsutural primary spiral cord in many specimens; Spiral grooves variable in width; very narrow, punctate or slightly wider with delicate, densely spaced axial riblets in most specimens. Last whorl high, weakly convex at periphery, situated slightly above adapical termination of aperture. Slowly contracting, with shallow concavity at base. Spiral sculpture of last whorl variable; typically with 15 to 20 broad spiral cords; on base and fasciole narrower cords with intercalations of secondary spirals. Spiral cords may be weak or subobsolete along periphery. Adapical spiral cords frequently bifurcated. Aperture narrow, elongate. Columellar callus thin, glossy. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, fourth abapical fold strongly reduced in adult specimens. Siphonal canal long, moderately narrow, weakly twisted to the left, with moderately incised siphonal notch. Colour pattern in UV light not intense, consisting of dark-violet spiral stripes coinciding with spiral grooves (not illustrated). Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 34.7 – 91.2 mm, MD: 8.9 – 22.2 mm, AA = 23 – 28 °, SL / MD: 3.9 – 4.4, AL / AW: 6.8 – 7.1, AH / S: 1.8 – 2.0.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A203875FF4DFED4FABAF9ED.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Mitra orientalis was introduced by Oppenheim (1918) referring explicitly to the specimens illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, figs 14, 15, 17). Therefore, Mitra orientalis cannot be treated as nomen nudum as proposed by Janssen (1972: 43). The new name is problematic in two aspects. Firstly, it was already preoccupied for an extant Mitridae by Griffith & Pidgeon (1834: 598, pl. 40, fig. 5). Secondly, the three syntypes are not conspecific. Figure 15 of Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 109) is treated herein as Cancilla praescrobiculata (Toldo, 1889) and figure 17 is described herein as Domiporta turpis nov. sp. The status of the giant specimen illustrated as figure 14 by Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10) remains unclear because the specimen is lost. The enormous size of 120 mm is reminiscent of large Pliocene specimens of Cancilla scrobiculata (Brocchi, 1814). Hörnes (1852 b: 101) states Baden as locality, but this locality may have been erroneous and the specimen originating from the Pliocene of Italy. To clarify the confused situation, we choose the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 15) as lectotype of Mitra orientalis Oppenheim, 1918 [non Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834], but refrain from introducing a replacement name for it, because we consider it a subjective junior synonym of Mitra praescrobiculata Toldo, 1889. Cancilla praescrobiculata is a common species in deeper water deposits of the Central Paratethys. It is considered the Miocene ancestor of the Pliocene Cancilla scrobiculata (Brocchi, 1814) by Toldo (1889), Davoli (2000) and Landau et al. (2013). For discussion on differences between the species see Landau et al. (2013: 212). Palaeoenvironment. The specimens were collected from basinal clays of the Baden Formation, indicating middle to outer neritic environments with up to 250 m water depth (Hohenegger et al. 2008).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A203875FF4DFED4FABAF9ED.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland), “ tectonic windows ” in the Polish Outer Carpathians: Benczyn near Wadowice (Poland) (Bałuk 1997); Ukrainian ForeCarpahian Basin: Zborów (Zboriv) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911); North Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Windpassing Grund, Immendorf (Austria), Jerutek at Lysice (Czech Republic (Sieber 1947, 1949; Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf (Austria), Sedlec (= Porzteich) (Czech Republic), Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880; Švagrovský 1982); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau, Marz, Rohrbach (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880; Sieber 1956); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota, Szobb, Letkés, Sámsonháza, Budapest (Illés street). (Hungary) (Strauss 1966; Bohn-Havas 1973); Cserhát Mountains: Bóta (Hungary) (Strauss 1966; Bohn-Havas 1973); Bahna Basin: Bahna (Romania) (Tiţă 2007); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); Dacian Basin: Opanec, Staropatica, Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Baþharman, Akpýnar, Pýnarlar Yaylasý (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian (late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Davoli 2000).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2E3874FF4DF9A8FCB7F85E.taxon	description	Figs 15 C 1 – C 2, D 1 – D 2, E 1 – E 2, F 1 – F 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2E3874FF4DF9A8FCB7F85E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0100, SL: 29.9 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig. 20), figs 15 D 1 – D 2. Paratypes: NHMW 2020 / 0136 / 0002, SL: 28.5 mm, MD: 8.8 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), figs 15 C 1 – C 2; NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0622, SL: 23.7 mm, MD: 6.3 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs 15 E 1 – E 2; NHMW 2020 / 0136 / 0001, SL: 29.6 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, Baden (Austria), figs 15 F 1 – F 2. Additional material. NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0365, 7 specimens, Baden (Austria), NHMW 1855 / 045 / 0869, 17 specimens, Bad Vöslau (Austria), NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0252, 6 specimens, Möllersdorf (Austria), NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0034, 3 specimens, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania). The specimens from Baden (Austria) illustrated in Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, figs 19, 21) are lost. Type locality. Baden (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Clay of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2E3874FF4DF9A8FCB7F85E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to similarity with Cancilla substriatula and the relatively smaller size.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2E3874FF4DF9A8FCB7F85E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cancilla species of medium size, but small size for genus, moderately slender fusiform shell, with high slightly gradate spire, subcylindrical last whorl, spiral sculpture of three to four prominent spiral grooves in adapical third of whorls. Revised description. Shell medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform with high, slightly gradate spire and faintly canaliculate suture. Protoconch conical of 3.5 moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of ten whorls. Spire whorls subcylindrical with subobsolete / weak shoulder. Sculpture of first two teleoconch whorls of weak axial ribs, crossed in adapical third by two to four spiral grooves, resulting in cancellate sculpture. Subsequent whorls typically with three to four occasionally punctate spiral grooves on shoulder and adapical third of whorls, persisting on to last whorl. Number of spiral grooves variable due to secondary intercalations. Abapical part of whorls typically smooth, or less frequent with punctate spiral grooves of variable strength. Last whorl subcylindrical above periphery, moderately constricted with long base. Spiral cords on last whorl variable, usually reduced along periphery, prominent on base and fasciole. Growth lines may form cancellate pattern in spiral grooves. Aperture moderately narrow. Columellar callus broad, thin, sharply delimited. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, abapically decreasing in strength. Outer lip thin. Siphonal fasciole slightly twisted. Siphonal canal long, straight with deeply incised siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 16.0 – 29.9 mm, MD: 5.1 – 9.2 mm, AA = 30 – 33 °. SL / MD: 3.3 – 3.5, AL / AW: 5.3 – 5.7, AH / S: 2.1 – 2.3.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2E3874FF4DF9A8FCB7F85E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Glibert (1960) was the first to list Paratethyan occurrences of the species from Baden and Bad Vöslau (Austria) as Mitraria substriatula (d’Orbigny, 1852). Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov (1960) followed this position and included the specimen from Baden (Austria) illustrated by Hörnes (1852 b, pl. 10, fig 21) in her chresonymy of M. substriatula. Mitra substriatula was originally introduced by d’Orbigny (1852: 10) as new name for a specimens from the Burdigalian of Saint-Paul-lès-Dax (France), described by Grateloup (1846) as Mitra striatula Brocchi. The syntype of Mitra substriatula (MNHN. F. A 12983, https: // science. mnhn. fr / taxon / species / mitra / substriatula) differs from the Paratethyan specimens in its larger size, broader shell and convex last whorl. Its base is less constricted and the siphonal canal (although not fully preserved) seems to be shorter. The specimens from Saint-Jean-de-Marsacq (Burdigalian) and Saubrigues (Langhian) described by Peyrot (1928, pl. 9, figs 4, 10, 11, 53, 58), differ also from the syntype of Mitra substriatula in their higher subcylindrical spire whorls and elongate last whorl. Cancilla substriatula is also recorded from the Miocene of the North Sea Basin (Glibert 1852 a; Janssen 1984). Janssen (1984, pl. 67, figs 2 – 4) considered Cancilla substriatula a polymorphic species with highly variable sculpture. This North Sea variety differs from the Paratethyan species in its much larger size (SL:> 45 mm) and its protoconch of 4.5 whorls. Moreover, its spiral grooves are more uniform, whereas the spiral grooves of Cancilla nanostriatula are distinctly more prominent along the shoulder than on the rest of the whorl. Cancilla subtilestriata (Peyrot, 1928) from the Langhian of Saubrigues (France) is morphologically close to C. nanostriatula nov. sp. and attains a comparable size. It differs in its fewer, but more prominent spiral grooves, the less elongate last whorl, and less tapering siphonal canal (see Peyrot 1928: pl. 9, fig. 1). Palaeoenvironment. The clay of the Baden Formation formed in middle to outer neritic settings with up to 250 m water depth (Hohenegger et al. 2008).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2E3874FF4DF9A8FCB7F85E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Möllersdorf, Niederleis, Steinebrunn, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Hörnes 1852 b); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Mattersburg, Forchtenau (Austria) (Hörnes 1852 b), Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Dacian Basin: Urovene, Dobrusha (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2C3877FF4DFF65FE2EF869.taxon	description	Figs 15 B 1 – B 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2C3877FF4DFF65FE2EF869.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype or holotype described by Michelotti (1847), Tortona region, Italy; late Miocene, Tortonian. The specimen might have been stored in the collections of the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, but parts of the Michelotti collection were destroyed during World War II (Manni 2005). Additional material. NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0171, SL: 46.7 mm, MD: 16.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, figs 21 a – c), figs 15 B 1 – B 2. Revised description (based on Paratethyan material). Shell moderately large and slender, biconical fusiform, with weakly convex spire whorls and impressed suture. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. About six broad spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls, separated by narrow spiral grooves. Spiral cords subsequently bifurcated by secondary and tertiary spiral grooves on penultimate and last whorls. Axial sculpture reduced to faint growth lines causing slight irregularity of spiral cords. Last whorl evenly convex, periphery at adapical tip of aperture, slowly contracting. Aperture narrow, abapically contracting. Columellar callus sharply delimited. Columella with four prominent columellar folds, weakening abapically. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, straight, with shallow siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 46.7 mm, MD: 16.4 mm; AA = 37 °, SL / MD: 3.1, AL / AW: 6.6, AH / S: 2.1.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2C3877FF4DFF65FE2EF869.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Cancilla sismondai (Michelotti, 1847) is recorded from the middle Miocene (Badenian) of the Central Paratethys Sea and the late Miocene (Tortonian) of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Occurrences from the early Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea, described by Pelosio (1967), seem to represent a separate species, characterised by a larger, more elongate shell and a more delicate and uniform spiral sculpture. Similarly, the specimen from the Miocene of the North Sea Basin, described by Janssen (1972) as Mitra sismondai, is most probably not conspecific. It differs from Cancilla sismondai in its straight-sided spire whorls and regular spiral sculpture of equally size spiral cords. A minute specimen from the middle Miocene of Korytnica (Poland), described by Bałuk (1997, pl. 10, fig. 8) in open nomenclature, was discussed as potential Cancilla sismondai by Davoli (2000: 190). The stout shell and its prominent spiral sculpture, however, differ clearly from C. sismondai at same growth stage. Michelotti (1847) named this species explicitly after the Italian palaeontologist Eugenio Sismonda (1815 – 1870). Therefore, the feminine ending “ sismondae ”, used by Bellardi (1887 a), Sacco (1904), Pelosio (1967), Robba (1968) and Davoli (2000), is an incorrect emendation. Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2C3877FF4DFF65FE2EF869.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (Llate Miocene): Po Basin: Tortona region, Stazzano, Sant Agata, Montegibbio (Italy) (Davoli 2000).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2D3870FF4DFF65FE89FE48.taxon	description	Figs 15 G 1 – G 2, H 1 – H 2, I 1 – I 2 [Nebularia] striatula Brocc. — Hoernes 1880: 125.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2D3870FF4DFF65FE89FE48.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype (BS. 019.01.151) illustrated in Ferrero Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 48, fig. 12), stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Stazzano (Italy), Tortonian (late Miocene). Material. NHMW 1847 / 0037 / 0044 b, SL: 30.5 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf, illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 9, figs 20 a – b), figs 15 G 1 – G 2; NHMW 2020 / 0136 / 0001, SL: 30.7 mm, MD: 10.4 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), figs 15 H 1 – H 2; NHMW 2020 / 0134 / 0001 SL: 36.6 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Forchtenau (Austria), figs 15 I 1 – I 2; NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0622 b, SL: 28.8 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, Niederleis (Austria); NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0632, 2 specimens, Grund (Austria); NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0107, 2 specimens, Steinebrunn (Austria); NHMW 1853 / 0003 / 0087, 4 specimens, Forchtenau (Austria); NHMW 1853 / 0003 / 0086, 2 specimens, Forchtenau (Austria); NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0621, 10 specimens, Niederleis (Austria); NHMW 1847 / 0037 / 0045, Mattersburg (Austria); NHMW 1861 / 0001 / 0425, Marz (Austria); NHMW 1865 / 0036 / 0105, Jerutek at Lysice (Czech Republic). Revised description (of Paratethyan material). Medium sized, moderately slender fusiform shell, with moderately high spire, and high last whorl. Protoconch unknown. About eight teleoconch whorls with deeply incised suture. Spire whorls weakly convex, periphery below mid-whorl. Sculpture consisting of five to six broad, convex to flattish spiral cords separated by narrow grooves with delicate axial riblets. Last whorl faintly shouldered, subcylindrical to convex, with constricted base. About 20 spiral cords on last whorl, more prominent on adapical quarter of whorl, base and fasciole, blurred along periphery. Aperture elongate, posteriorly angulated with indistinct posterior sinus. Columellar callus narrow, indistinct. Columella with three weak columellar folds; fourth abapical fold subobsolete; outer lip thin, Siphonal canal moderately long, twisted, with incised siphonal notch. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 28.8 – 36.6 mm, MD: 9.2 – 10.4 mm, AA = 24 – 30 °, SL / MD: 3.2, AL / AW: 5.0, AH / S: 2.1.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2D3870FF4DFF65FE89FE48.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was identified by Hoernes & Auinger (1880) as Mitra striatula Brocchi, 1814 [= Cancilla alligata (Defrance in Blainville, 1825)]. The holotype of Cancilla alligata is a slender fusiform shell with a high conical spire, weakly convex spire whorls, slowly contracting base, indistinct fasciole, and spiral cords of subequal width (see Rossi-Ronchetti 1955, fig. 132; Pinna & Spezia 1978, pl. 67, figs 4 – 4 a). Thus, Cancilla alligata is superficially similar to the Miocene Cancilla suballigata (Bellardi, 1887), but differs in its slender shell and proportionally higher spire. Note on Voluta striatula Brocchi, 1814: Voluta striatula Brocchi, 1814 is a primary homonym of Voluta striatula Schröter, 1804 (Schröter 1804: 37) and a secondary homonym of Mitra striatula Lamarck, 1811 (Lamarck 1811: 210). Therefore, Defrance in Blainville (1825: 494) introduced Mitra alligata as new name. Obviously, Potiez & Michaud (1838: 497) were unaware of Defrance’s name and introduced Mitra brocchii as new name for the same species. Mitra striosa, mentioned by Sismonda (1841: 41) and Hörnes (1852 b: 103) as replacement names for Voluta striatula Brocchi, is a nomen nudum and refers to a label name in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino written by Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784 – 1830). Therefore, the valid name for the Pliocene species is Cancilla alligata (Defrance in Blainville, 1825). None of the Paratethyan occurrences listed as Mitra striatula in the literature is conspecific with the Pliocene species. Palaeoenvironment. The assemblage from Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) indicates shallow marine inner neritic conditions (own data), which is in agreement with Turkish occurrences described by Landau et al. (2013).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2D3870FF4DFF65FE89FE48.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Grund (Austria), Jerutek at Lysice; Vienna Basin: Niederleis, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau, Marz, Mattersburg (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Lale, Akboðazi, Akpýnar-Pýnarlar Yaylasý, Seyithasan (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013); Tortonian (late Miocene): Po Basin: Stazzano, Montegibbio (Davoli 20002).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2B3870FF4DFE0CFE0EF8A6.taxon	description	Figs 15 A 1 – A 2 [Mitra] tenuistria Duj. — Hoernes 1880: 125 [non Dujardin, 1837].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2B3870FF4DFE0CFE0EF8A6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2020 / 0130 / 0001, SL: 29.3 mm, MD: 8.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger 1880, pl. 9, figs 8 a – b, Figs 15 A 1 – A 2. Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2B3870FF4DFE0CFE0EF8A6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honour of Michael Wagreich (University Vienna), in respect for his contributions on Paratethyan stratigraphy.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2B3870FF4DFE0CFE0EF8A6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cancilla species of medium size, slender fusiform profile, with moderately high spire, weakly convex whorls, elongate last whorl with shallow basal concavity, twisted siphonal canal, and delicate spiral sculpture of numerous flattish spiral cords.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2B3870FF4DFE0CFE0EF8A6.taxon	description	Description. Shell medium sized, slender fusiform. Protoconch and early teleoconch unknown. Spire whorls weakly convex, with periphery in abapical third; suture narrowly incised. Last whorl elongate, evenly convex, slowly contracting into moderately long base. Sculpture consisting of six to seven broad spiral cords, with flat tops on early spire whorls. Number of cords increases to about 22 on penultimate whorl by intercalation of secondary spiral grooves. Spiral sculpture persists on last whorl, being most prominent below adapical suture and on base, but slightly blurred along periphery. Aperture elongate, columellar callus indistinct. Columella with four delicate columellar folds; outer lip thin. Fasciole weakly swollen. Siphonal canal short, moderately wide, weakly twisted. Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 29.3 mm, MD: 8.7 mm; AA = 33 °, SL / MD: 3.4, AL / AW: 4.7.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2B3870FF4DFE0CFE0EF8A6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The specimen from Lăpugiu de Sus was identified by Hoernes & Auinger (1880) as Mitra tenuistria Dujardin, 1837, originally described from the middle Miocene of the Touraine (France). The French species, however, is readily distinguished by its broader shell and the distinctly broader and more prominent spiral cords (see Dujardin 1837, pl. 20, fig. 26; Peyrot 1938, pl. 4, figs 32, 40; Glibert 1952 b, pl. 12 fig. 3). We are aware of few species that are comparable to the Paratethyan species: Mitra bellatula Bellardi, 1887, from the late Miocene of Stazzano (Italy) has almost identical sculpture, but differs in its wider spire angle, broader last whorl and Mitrella - like shape (see Bellardi 1887 a, pl. 4, fig. 2; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 44, figs 7 a – b). Mitra interposita Bellardi, 1887 (see Bellardi, 1887 a, pl. 4, fig. 21; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 49, figs 3 a – b) is higher spired, has higher spire whorls, and coarser spiral sculpture. Mitra subuliformis Bellardi, 1887, from the early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), is very similar in outline, but is smaller (SL = 20 mm), has a weaker fasciole and lacks the delicate spiral sculpture (see Bellardi 1887 a, pl. 3, fig. 42; Ferrero-Mortara et al. 1981, pl. 46, figs 14 a – b). Palaeoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A2B3870FF4DFE0CFE0EF8A6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A283873FF4DFF65FC7AFC36.taxon	description	M. [itra] Vindobonensis – Mayer-Eymar 1898: 83.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A283873FF4DFF65FC7AFC36.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Mitra austriaca and Mitra vindobonensis were introduced by Mayer-Eymar (1898) as a passing remark and somewhat misplaced in a paper on Quaternary molluscs from Egypt, in which he discussed Cancilla alligata (Defrance in Blainville, 1825) and related species from the European Neogene. Mayer-Eymar (1898: 83) described Mitra austriaca as a common large form from Baden (Austria) characterised by “ a longer, more acute spire with flattened whorls and a last whorl with somewhat longer back ” (compared to M. alligata), and he described Mitra vindobonensis as “ common, smaller form from Bad Vöslau ” (Austria) characterised by “ a short, slightly gradate spire with long last whorl with short, smooth back ” (text is somewhat ambiguous and the comparison refers either to M. alligata or to M. austriaca). The species were neither illustrated nor defined by type specimens. Therefore, their status is unclear. ‘ Mitra ’ haidingeri Hörnes 1848	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
A82A87E98A283873FF4DFF65FC7AFC36.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This name was listed by Hörnes (1848) without description or illustration, and is therefore a nomen nudum. It is unclear under which name this species was later described.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard (2021): The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983 (3): 1-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4983.1.1
