taxonID	type	description	language	source
DC769818FFB5FFC0E9A3FAD0F295FDBC.taxon	description	Figure 2, Table 4 Synonymy.	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB5FFC0E9A3FAD0F295FDBC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The forms described below comply with the description of H. tubulosa by Koehler (1921) which description was recommended by Rowe (1969) for this species, in his excellent revision of the Holothuriidae. Thus, this form is here regarded as Holothuria (H.) tubulosa (s. s.).	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB5FFC0E9A3FAD0F295FDBC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. UF 3847; UF 5471; UF 5476; UF 3844, Stidia, Algeria, 35 ° 49.922 ’ N, 0 ° 1.174 ’ O, 3 m, Summer 2006, 4 specs. UF 5470, Sidi-Fredj, Algeria, 36 ° 45.000 ’ N, 2 ° 50.000 ’ E, 0.5 – 10 m, Summer 2006, 1 spec. UF 4471, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, 42 ° 29.040 ’ N, 3 ° 7.970 ’ E, 3 m, Summer 2006, 1 spec. UF 5462, Figuier-plage, Algeria, 36 ° 46.750 ’ N, 3 ° 30.821 ’ E, 0.5 – 10 m, Summer 2006, 1 spec. LPVCMRMS 2020.201; LPVCMRMS 2020.202, Ouillis, Algeria, 36 ° 7.436 ’ N, 0 ° 15.219 ’ E, 5 m, June 2020, 2 specs.	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB5FFC0E9A3FAD0F295FDBC.taxon	description	Description. Body form (Figure 2, Table 4) almost cylindrical, length up to 200 mm, width 30 – 60 mm when contracted. Body wall thick (about 7 mm) and leathery. Dorsal surface (bivium) (Figure 2 A) rounded, bearing small conical tubercles / verrucosities, scattered, each terminating in a small, elongated papilla. Ventral surface (trivium) (Figure 2 B) rounded in contracted state. Pedicels / tube feet numerous, crowded, no regular arrangement. Mouth ventral, surrounded by 20 tentacles; anus ventral, anal papillae well developed (5 series of 3 each, in each ambulacrum). Live colouration varying from light brown, red mahogany, to brown or black; ventral surface generally lighter (light brown). Longitudinal muscles about 8 – 9 mm in thickness. Cuvierian tubules absent. Stone canals 1 – 2. Polian vesicles several, 1 – 4 (if 4, one on middle and three on right side of dorsal mesentery), average length <10 mm. Tentacular ampullae about 8 mm long. Collar around mouth thin (about 1.30 mm). Calcareous ring not stout, radial plates (Table 4) with broad anterior notch and only slightly concave posterior margin. Ossicles. Ossicle types from the dorsal and ventral surfaces appear identical, they comprise tables and buttons. Tables (Figure 2 Ca) small and four-pillared, average height of spire less than average diameter of disc. Disc slightly arched. Some tables with a thorny disc generally pierced with 4 large holes and a variable number of peripheral ones. Buttons (Figure 2 Cb) appear oval in shape, about 101.25 and 73.75 µm long dorsally and ventrally respectively and 44.25 and 38.70 µm wide dorsally and ventrally respectively, not very thick but with a regular, rough surface with small, conical or pointed spines; holes average about 7, with a roughened periphery, arranged in two rows relative to the central axis of the button; holes may be partitioned, round, irregular in outline, but often become minute or even completely obliterated, then giving the buttons a solid but rough appearance. Average width of the holes of buttons 6.75 and 5.75 μm dorsally and ventrally respectively. Pseudo-buttons abundant but fenestrated ellipsoids scarce. Pedicels contain perforated plates, which are of two types; the first are enlarged (Figure 2 Da), with large central perforations symmetrically arranged along the central axis, surrounded by other smaller perforations, the second type of plates are thick, rough and elongated (Figure 2 Db) with an irregular outline and with only few large perforations at their lateral and terminal ends. The enlarged plates of the ventral surface have a smooth surface but an irregular and prickly outline and with two rows of large perforations symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the plate and surrounded by several smaller perforations. Tentacles present two forms of thick rods (19 µm); straight rods (Figure 2 Ea) and those that are slightly arched (Figure 2 Eb).	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB3FFC0E9A3FD65F2E5F82D.taxon	description	Figure 3, Table 4 Synonymy.	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB3FFC0E9A3FD65F2E5F82D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. UF 5187, Figuier-plage, Algeria, 36 ° 46.750 ’ N, 3 ° 30.821 ’ E, 0.5 – 10 m, Summer 2006. Paratype. UF 5475, Figuier-plage, Algeria, 36 ° 46.750 ’ N, 3 ° 30.821 ’ E, 0.5 – 10 m, Summer 2006, 1 spec. LPVCMRMS 2020.203; LPVCMRMS 2020.204, Ouillis, Algeria, 36 ° 7.436 ’ N, 0 ° 15.219 ’ E, 5 m, June 2020, 2 specs.	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB3FFC0E9A3FD65F2E5F82D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Length up to 185 mm, body arched, very net demarcation between the dorsal surface brown bitumen and the ventral surface light gray. Mouth ventral, tentacles about 20; anus terminal. Cuvierian tubules absent, stone canals several, Polian vesicle single. Ossicles types are buttons with a large perforations and tables in dorsal and ventral surface; terminal plates in tube feet; enlarged and elongated plates in tube feet and pedicels and rods in tentacles.	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB3FFC0E9A3FD65F2E5F82D.taxon	description	Description. Body form generally arched dorsally (Figure 3 A), little flattened ventrally (Figure 3 B). Length up to 185 mm, width up to 45 mm when contracted. Body wall thin (up to 4 mm) in relaxed state. Pedicels / tube feet irregularly distributed on ventral side. Conical verrucosities of dorsal surface minute or lacking. Mouth ventral, tentacles usually 20, anus terminal, anal papillae well developed (5 series of 4 each, in each radius). Live colouration of dorsal surface brown bitumen, ventral surface light gray. Longitudinal muscles about 10 – 14 mm in thickness. Cuvierian tubules absent. Stone canals several, 5 – 6 on right and 2 – 4 on left side of dorsal mesentery, average length <1 cm. Polian vesicle single, up to 30 mm long. Tentacular ampullae> 8 mm. Collar around mouth thin (about 0.69 mm). Calcareous ring (Table 4) large / stout with expanded radial plates, each with a broad anterior notch, slightly bifurcate anterior parts and a flat or slightly indented posterior margin. Ossicles. Dorsal and ventral surfaces comprise the same type of ossicles; tables (Figure 3 Ca) and buttons (Figure 3 Cb). Table disc of ventral surface wheel-shaped with a variable number of spokes. The four pillars of spire appear parallel to each other and do not merge at the apical end, each ending in several pointed, thorns / teeth, generally arranged in groups of 3 – 4 at the end of each pillar. Buttons thick, oval, about 69.10 and 58 µm long dorsally and ventrally respectively and 35.60 and 31 µm wide dorsally and ventrally respectively. Margins of buttons irregular, wavy and rough; holes average about 7, quite large, usually oval but can become obliterated to disappear completely, thus giving the button a solid, rough appearance. Average width of the holes 7.80 and 4.90 μm dorsally and ventrally respectively. Generally, the symmetrical holes in the center of the buttons are wider than the terminal ones which are rather oval in shape. Pseudo-buttons abundant, fenestrated ellipsoids scarce. Pedicels present perforated plates. Enlarged plates (Figure 3 Da) rectangular in shape and smooth. The central perforations are surrounded by smaller, circular ones; other plates generally oval in shape with an irregular outline; elongated plates (Figure 3 Db) simple and irregular in outline. Ventral surface also present terminal plates (Figure 3 Dc). Tentacles possess thin rods (12 µm) (Figure 3 Ea and Figure 3 Eb).	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB0FFC2E9A3F8BBF296FDBC.taxon	description	Figure 4 A, Table 4	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB0FFC2E9A3F8BBF296FDBC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. UF 3857, Tamentefoust, Algeria, 36 ° 48.000 ’ N, 3 ° 13.000 ’ E, 0.5 – 10 m, Summer 2006, 1 spec. LPVCMRMS 2020.205, Ouillis, Algeria, 36 ° 7.436 ’ N, 0 ° 15.219 ’ E, 5 m, June 2020, 1 spec.	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB0FFC2E9A3F8BBF296FDBC.taxon	description	Description. Soft cylindrical body, light brown to dark brown in color, sometimes exceeding 20 cm in length and 3 – 5 cm in width. Trivium (Figure 4 Ab) clearly separated from bivium (Figure 4 Aa) by a groove. Pedicels whitish (giving the body a white-spotted appearance), spots numerous, dense ventrally, often also dorsally but not obvious. Dorsal papillae thin, whitish, reduced, situated on reduced conical warts / tubercles. Mouth ventral; anus terminal. Tentacles 20, yellowish. Cuvierian tubules absent. Collar around mouth thin (about 0.50 mm). Calcareous ring with broad radial plates with deep, slit-like anterior notch with slightly bifurcate anterior portions and a convex posterior margin (Table 4). Ossicles. Ossicles of body wall tables and buttons. Tables (Figure 4 Ac) with an irregular, marginally serrated disc pierced by 4 central holes and a variable number of peripheral holes. Buttons (Figure 4 Ad) of 3 types: (i) smooth with regular outline; (ii) smooth with irregular outline and (iii) with large perforations. Perforated plates of the pedicels of two types: (i) enlarged (Figure 4 Af) and (ii) elongated (Figure 4 Ae). Terminal plates on the pedicels (Figure 4 Ai). Tentacle rods straight (Figure 4 Ag) or arched (Figure 4 Ah).	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB1FFC2E9A3FAB5F580F817.taxon	description	Figure 4 C, Table 4	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB1FFC2E9A3FAB5F580F817.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. UF 5468, Sidi-Fredj, Algeria, 36 ° 45.000 ’ N, 2 ° 50.000 ’ E, 0.5 – 10 m, Summer 2006, 1 spec. UF 5495, Stidia, Algeria, 35 ° 49.922 ’ N, 0 ° 1.174 ’ O, 3 m, Summer 2006, 1 spec. LPVCMRMS 2020.208, Ouillis, Algeria, 36 ° 7.436 ’ N, 0 ° 15.219 ’ E, 5 m, June 2020, 1 spec.	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB1FFC2E9A3FAB5F580F817.taxon	description	Description. Body dark brown dorsally (Figure 4 Ca), light brown ventrally (Figure 4 Cb); sometimes reaching a length of 30 cm and width of 5 – 6 cm. Dorsal surface arched, ventral surface flattened, the latter with fairly dense, scattered pedicels. Integument thick (0.70 µm) and smooth. A row of 5 – 6 very large, straight pointed protuberances separated at equal intervals on both sides of body. Cuvierian tubules absent. Collar around mouth thick (about 3.50 mm). Ossicles. Body wall tables with circular disc (Figure 4 Cc) with wavy outline and 4 large central and 4 small peripheral perforations. Buttons (Figure 4 Ce) of several types: (i) oval with irregular, rough, smooth and thick surfaces; (ii) larger ones slightly rectangular in shape, with smooth but sometimes with wavy outline; (iii) enlarged, rounded ones and (iv) those that are slightly warped in the middle. Perforated plates of the pedicels of two types: enlarged and elongated (Figure 4 Cd). Tentacles with straight (Figure 4 Cf) or slightly arched rods.	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB1FFC2E9A3FD65F584FB47.taxon	description	Figure 4 B, Table 4	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB1FFC2E9A3FD65F584FB47.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CMNI 2021 – 0194, Salamandre, Algeria, 35 ° 55.221 ’ N, 0 ° 03.470 ’ E, 2 m, November 2014, 1 spec. LPVCMRMS 2020.207, Ouillis, Algeria, 36 ° 7.436 ’ N, 0 ° 15.219 ’ E, 5 m, June 2020, 2 specs.	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
DC769818FFB1FFC2E9A3FD65F584FB47.taxon	description	Description. Semi-cylindrical body with dorsal surface (Figure 4 Ba) arched, dark brown in color; ventral surface (Figure 4 Bb) sole-like, light brown in color. Several large protuberances in two double rows on the dorsal surface; in addition, dorsal and ventral surfaces separated by several arched protuberances. Anus terminal. Mouth surrounded by 20 tentacles. Cuvierian tubules absent. Collar around mouth thick (about 4.60 mm). Calcareous ring with broad, squarish, radial plates with a shallow anterior notch, almost flat anterior portions and slightly concave posterior margin (Table 4). Ossicles. Body wall tables (Figure 4 Bc) sometimes with a rectangular disc, spire of straight to slightly arched pillars, parallel to each other. Buttons often shaped in the figure of “ 8 ” (Figure 4 Bd) with rough, irregular and prickly margins but with a smooth surface with unequally-sized perforations. Pedicels also with numerous elongated perforated plates (Figure 4 Be) and other rare enlarged plates. Rods of tentacles larger and more complex with an enlarged, branched and perforated middle region, arched (Figure 4 Bf) or straight (Figure 4 Bg).	en	Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S., Khodja, Ihcene (2021): On the taxonomic status of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (s. s.) from the Algerian coast with the description of a new Mediterranean species, Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa 4981 (1): 89-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.4
