taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F587D7EC17FF96AE86FF3CB31F8D38.taxon	description	Features shared by the three here described Heteromysis species. Carapace normal, without apparent sexual dimorphism (Fig. 9 D). Rostrum represents a distinct horizontal, triangular plate. Cervical sulcus well developed; no cardial sulcus visible. Posterior margin of carapace evenly rounded, mid-caudally weakly emarginated. Antenna. Presence of previously not described crescent-shaped shield proximally behind antennal peduncle on ventral face of antennal sympod. Size and shape of crescents may differ between species, e. g. H. korntalensis sp. nov. (Fig. 6 I) versus H. schoenbrunnensis sp. nov. (dashed line in Fig. 9 L). Mouthparts and foregut. Labrum (Fig. 9 M) caudally with small, stiff bristles. Fields of setae on caudal and ventral faces. Labium (Fig. 9 N) normal, comprising two hairy lobes with short, dense set of stiff bristles on distal half of mesial face. Maxilla (Fig. 10 E) normal, densely setose, with various types of setae, but no spines or teeth. Its leaf-like exopod not extending beyond basal segment of endopod. This segment plus the sympod, and all three large endites of the sympod, with densely setose distal margins. Mesial margin of sympod with a long seta bearing stiff bristles along its distal third; this seta extending beyond the dense brush of plumose setae. Gross structure of the foregut (Fig. 13 A – E) as given in the first description of H. abednavandii Wittmann, 2020. Thoracic sternites. Sternite 1 anteriorly produced into a large lobe in both sexes (Fig. 10 F versus 10 I) contributing to the caudal closure of the mouth field as usual in Mysidae. Pair of barbed setae on intersegmental joint between thoracic sternite 2 and sympod 2. These setae show characteristic differences in size, thickness, and arrangement of barbs among each other (Fig. 10 F). No such setae on sternites 1, 3 – 8. Maxillipeds (thoracic endopods 1, 2). Coxa of maxilliped 1 (Fig. 10 F) with small endite bearing one barbed seta at its tip. Basis with large, prominent endite that is densely setose on mesial margin. Ischium and merus each with one smaller but distinct, medially setose endite. Basis of maxilliped 2 with large, medially projecting endite (Fig. 10 J). Marsupium. Female thoracopods 7, 8 bear large oostegites 1 and 2, respectively. Each oostegite without setae on upper (dorsal) margin. Ventral margin and part of posterior margin, from subbasal region up to rounded tip, with dense series of plumose setae, together with the bilaterally opposite oostegite forming a gate contributing to the ventral and caudal closure of the marsupium. Marsupium inside with comparatively long setae microserrated on their distal half. Outer face of marsupium with short whip setae. Thoracopod 6 with small, terminally rounded, rudimentary oostegite (Fig. 11 F) not contributing to wall of brood pouch. This rudiment may have some function by reaching into the brood pouch with a few microserrated setae. Uropods. Exopod stout, its mesial margin more strongly convex than lateral margin (Fig. 4 J). Mineral composition of statoliths is fluorite as also in 18 other Heteromysis species examined by Wittmann & Ariani (2019).	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC17FF91AE86FA31B7F78FAE.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 4	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC17FF91AE86FA31B7F78FAE.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Adult male with 4.1 mm body length (NHMW – 27016), aquaria of the ‘ Gulfarium Marine Adventure Park’, Fort Walton Beach, Florida, USA, Feb. 2020, leg. Emlyn MacKenzie. Paratypes. 2 F ad. 3.7 mm, 2 M ad. 3.7 – 3.9 mm (USNM – 1642204) in vial, plus 1 M ad. 3.8 mm (NHMW – 27017), 1 F ad. 3.7 mm (NHMW – 27015) on slides, same sample as for holotype; 1 M ad. 3.0 mm, 3 F ad. 3.5 – 4.5 mm (MNINGA MYS 440) in vial, collection data as for holotype. Material sequenced. 18 S and COI barcodes here provided for 1 F ad. from same sample as for holotype, deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MW 591699 and MW 596477. Type locality. Not defined because the locality of origin ought to be indicated according to Art. 76.1.1. of the nomenclatorial code (ICZN, 1999). The species was first discovered from the public aquarium center ‘ Gulfarium Marine Adventure Park’ (Fort Walton Beach, Florida, USA).	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC17FF91AE86FA31B7F78FAE.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. The species name is a noun with neutral ending in genitive singular, using the same gender and declination as for the Latin noun aquarium, referring to the ‘ Gulfarium Marine Adventure Park’, from where the mysids were obtained.	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC17FF91AE86FA31B7F78FAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace normal, rostrum triangular with narrowly rounded to acute tip, 0.2 – 0.5 times length of terminal segment of antennular trunk, covering <1 / 3 of eyestalks. Antero-lateral edges of carapace well rounded. Eyes (Fig. 1 A – C) subquadrate in dorsal view. Eyestalk with flat upper face, anterior margin wrinkled, distolateral edge without spiniform extension. Stalk wedge-shaped in lateral view (oblique in Fig. 1 C), posteriorly broad, from there anteriorly narrowing to form a triangular projection with acute or narrowly rounded tip; overall dorsoventrally compressed by a factor of 1.6 – 1.8 (length by maximum height). The margins of this projection converge at 50 – 60 angular degrees in males (Fig. 1 C), 80 – 90 in females (Fig. 1 F). Small cornea located mid-laterally, where it extends over <20 % eye surface; its ommatidia compound, structure normal, functional. Cornea calotte-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 1 A), diameter 0.6 – 0.9 times length of terminal segment of antennular trunk. Cornea ovate to circular in lateral view (Fig. 1 C), dorsoventrally compressed by a factor of 1.0 – 1.4. Antennulae (Fig. 2 A – I). Antennular trunk (Fig. 2 A, F) with setose mid-dorsal apophysis close to terminal margin of basal segment and with another apophysis on terminal segment; median segment without apophysis. Trunk with diverse types of setae, in part (Fig. 2 B – D, G, H) spine-like. Besides other setae, each segment with dimorphic whip seta, stouter in males (Fig. 2 B – D) compared to females (Fig. 2 G – I); one such whip seta on dorsal apophysis of basal segment, one on disto-mesial edge of the median segment, and a third one on disto-mesial edge of terminal segment. Appendix masculina small, with dense tuft of long setae. Antennae and mouthparts. Antennal sympod (Fig. 2 J) with small spiniform extension on lateral face. Antennal scale reaching only to 40 – 80 % length of terminal segment of antennular trunk in both sexes. Scale length 3.1 – 3.2 times maximum width. Scale with small apical segment. Mouthparts (Fig. 2 L – N) normal. Labrum caudally bulbous, rostrally broadly subtriangular with small rounded, anterior protrusion (as in Fig. 6 J). Thorax. Only the males with median processes from thoracic sternites 2 – 8 (Fig. 2 O; the anterior lobe of sternite 1 not counted as a process of that kind). Flagellum (Fig. 3 A) of thoracic exopods 1 – 8 with 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, and 8 – 9 segments, respectively. Carpopropodus (Figs 2 Q; 3 A, D, H, M) of thoracic endopods 1 – 8 with 2, 2, 2, 4 – 5, 5, 5 – 6, 5 – 6, and 5 – 6 segments, respectively. Claw of endopod 3 (Fig. 3 E, I) weakly curved, measured along its median line 3 – 4 times dactylus length and 23 – 35 % carpopropodus. Claws 2 (Fig. 3 B) and 4 (Fig. 2 S) with 50 – 70 % length of claw 3, strong, apically more strongly curved; claw 1 (Fig. 2 P) with 40 % length of claw 3, straight, strong; claws 5 – 8 (Fig. 3 N) with 30 – 50 % length of claw 3, strongly curved, slender. Claw of endopods 1, 2, 5 – 8 subapically serrated, claws 3, 4 smooth. Penes 0.7 – 0.8 times length of ischium 8, and 1.0 – 1.1 times merus 8. Penes tube-like, terminally truncate, with 3 – 5 setae at about 1 / 3 length from basis (Fig. 3 O). Gnathopods (Fig. 3 D, H). Thoracic endopod 3 with most of mesial margin of ischium and merus rugose by small (minute) projections, each bearing a small whip seta at its tip. Merus disto-mesially with triangular ridge (as in Fig. 6 L), flanking the basis of the carpus on caudal face in both sexes when the subchela is closed. Carpus, propodus, and dactylus separated by distinct sutures. Carpopropodus length is 12 – 15 % body length in females, 16 – 23 % in males. Carpopropodus swollen, its length 3.3 – 4.5 times maximum width (Fig. 3 D, H); average stoutness about the same in both sexes (compare panels E, F in Fig. 1). Carpus with 6 – 8 spines arranged along distal half of mesial margin. Propodus without spines; its paradactylary setae modified by comb-like series of barbs (cilia), dimorphic, about as long as claw in males (Fig. 3 I; due to more basal insertion not reaching to tip of claw), less strongly modified and only half the length of claw in females (Fig. 3 E). Pleon. Pleopods (Fig. 4 D – H) non-dimorphic, reduced to small, setose, obscurely bilobate plates without spines. Uropods (Fig. 4 J) normal, entire; exopod reaches with 13 – 26 % its length beyond endopod. Endopod armed with linear series of 10 – 11 spines along mesial margin from statocyst to 4 – 14 % endopod length below apex. Telson (Fig. 4 K) subtriangular, length 1.3 – 1.4 times maximum width, and 0.7 – 0.9 times exopod of uropod. Each lateral margin of telson with 11 – 13 spines on distal 50 – 60 %, proximal portion smooth. Disto-lateral lobes each with two spines on narrowly truncate apex; latero-apical spines are 10 – 14 % telson length; medio-apical spines are 0.5 – 0.7 times length of latero-apical spines. Proximally narrowly rounded, U-shaped to V-shaped apical cleft penetrates 17 – 19 % telson length. Cleft armed with 8 – 9 acute laminae along proximal 60 – 80 % of its margins, distal portions smooth.	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC17FF91AE86FA31B7F78FAE.taxon	description	Description. All features of the diagnosis plus the above listed features shared by the three here described species. General appearance moderately robust (Fig. 1 G). Body size of adults is 3.5 – 4.5 mm (n = 6) in females and 3.0 – 4.1 mm (n = 5) in males. Cephalothorax comprises 27 – 42 % body length, pleon without telson 40 – 54 %, telson 12 – 17 %, carapace without rostrum 24 – 34 %, and rostrum 2 – 5 %. Frons with triangular subrostral process (Fig. 1 D). Posterior margin of carapace leaves 0.5 – 1.0 ultimate thoracic somite mid-dorsally exposed. Abdominal somites 1 – 5 measure 0.4 – 0.6, 0.5 – 0.9, 0.6 – 0.9, 0.5 – 0.7, and 0.6 – 0.7 times the length of somite 6, respectively. Eyes (Fig. 1 A – D). Anterior margin of eyestalk more strongly wrinkled in males than in females. Stalk with field of minute scales on ventral face near cornea in both sexes. Cornea diameter 0.5 – 0.7 times the length of eyestalk. Antennulae (Fig. 2 A – H). Trunk extends 40 – 50 % its length beyond eyes. Measured along dorsal midline, the basal segment is 43 – 49 % trunk length, median 16 – 25 %, and terminal 31 – 41 %. Basal segment on basal half of its lateral face with 2 – 3 small setae bearing long barbs (Fig. 2 E). Its dorsal apophysis with four barbed setae and two whip setae; the mesial whip seta dimorphic (Fig. 2 B versus Fig. 2 G) with stout handle, cord shorter than handle; the laterally adjoining whip seta non-dimorphic, longer, slender, with cord about as long as handle. Lateral lobe of basal segment with three barbed setae only. Median segment with seta group formed by 3 – 4 barbed setae plus one short whip seta about mid-dorsally, closely behind distal margin. Additional set formed by a plumose seta and a shorter whip seta on disto-mesial edge of median segment; this whip seta with cord shorter than handle in both sexes, whereby its handle stouter in males (Fig. 2 C) than in females (Fig. 2 H). Terminal segment 1.2 – 1.4 times longer than wide in both sexes. Its mid-dorsal apophysis with four small barbed setae, with small cilia lining the distomesial margin; no spiniform anterior projection. Disto-mesial edge of terminal segment with two large whip setae facing opposite directions: the mesial, inward directed whip seta even more dimorphic compared to its counterpart on median segment, longer and more slender in females (Fig. 2 I), but short with stout handle (resembling flagellate spine typical of the subgenus Olivemysis) in males (Fig. 2 D). In both sexes, lateral antennular flagellum is thicker than mesial one by a factor of 1.4 – 1.5 when measured near basis of flagella. Male lobe setose, inserts ventrally close to terminal margin of antennular trunk, broadly rounded, length (antero-posterior extension) is 16 – 22 % width of terminal segment of trunk, and lobe width is 19 – 26 %. Epi-antennular process forms an unevenly to evenly rounded shield; hypo-antennular process a long, slender, triangular projection with acute (Fig. 2 A) or blunt tip. Antennae (Fig. 2 J, K). Sympod dorsally with terminally rounded, tongue-like process, and caudally with bulbous lobe containing end sac of antennal gland. Ventrally with crescent-shaped shield (dashed line below drawing plane in Fig. 2 J) proximally behind antennal peduncle; shield 2.0 – 2.6 times longer than its maximum width. Basal segment contributing 17 – 20 % to peduncle length, second 43 – 49 %, and third 33 – 35 %. Basal segment dorsally with field of triangular scales (Fig. 2 K). Antennal scale extends to 60 – 80 % length of third segment of antennal peduncle. Scale setose all around, with slightly convex lateral margin and more strongly convex mesial margin. Short, broad apical segment separated by a tiny transverse suture. Apical segment with 5 – 8 % total scale length; distally bearing five plumose setae. Mandibles (Fig. 2 L – M). Mandibular palp with segments 1 – 3 contributing 13 – 15 %, 64 – 67 %, and 19 – 23 % to palp length, respectively. Proximal segment with two whip setae on lateral margin, no additional setae. Median segment 2.3 – 2.5 times longer than its maximum width; 13 – 16 whip setae distally increasing in length almost all along lateral margin, the distal 2 – 4 setae with sparsely barbed handle; 11 – 13 basally thick setae along subbasal to subterminal portions of mesial margin; most setae of proximal third are unilaterally barbed in both sexes; one large whip seta close to disto-mesial edge (below drawing plane in Fig. 2 L). Proximal 2 / 3 of median segment with large field of minute triangular scales (Fig. 2 M) on rostral face in both sexes. Terminal segment strongly setose. Pars molaris with well-developed grinding surface in both mandibles. Pars incisiva with four teeth, digitus mobilis with 3 – 4 teeth, and pars centralis with four spiny teeth. Maxillula and maxilla (Fig. 2 N). Distal segment of maxillula terminally with 11 – 14 strong, smooth spines, the innermost spine being thickest and longest. This segment subterminally with five setae barbed on their distal half; two pores (size as in Fig. 10 D) a short distance laterally of the outer (= most ventral) seta. Endite of maxillula terminally with three large, distally spiny setae, mesially accompanied by one proximally thick, barbed seta; both margins of the endite with numerous less thick setae. Maxilla with 14 – 16 plumose setae all along lateral margin of exopod, the two apical setae larger than the remaining ones. Basal segment of endopod with four basally thick, barbed setae. Terminal segment 1.3 – 1.9 times longer than wide. Thoracic sternites (Fig. 2 O). Male sternites 2 – 8 with (sub) - triangular processes. Processes 3, 4 larger than processes 2, 5 – 8. Sternite 1 with large anterior lobe whose distal half is triangular with narrowly rounded apex in both sexes. Thoracopods general (Figs 2 Q – S, 3). Length of flagella as well as of basal plates (Fig. 3 A) increase from exopod 1 to 6, and remain subequal among exopods 6 to 8. Basal plates weakly expanded, length 1.8 – 2.3 times maximum width in both sexes. Lateral margin of plates ends in a broadly rounded edge. Thoracopod 1 with large, leaf-like, in most cases smooth epipod. One out of three specimens with a seta on proximal third of epipod, distal 2 / 3 of this seta sparsely furnished with short, stiff bristles. Length of endopods increases in series of thoracopods 1, 2, 4 – 8, 3. Basis of endopods 4 – 8 with a small, lappet-like apophysis (as in Fig. 11 E, G) on rostral face below endopod; no such apophysis in endopods 1 – 3. Ischium becomes increasingly slender from endopods 1 to 5 (compare panels A, D, M in Fig. 3), and length of ischium increases in series of endopods 1, 2, 4, 3, 5; both these measurements remain (sub) - equal among endopods 5 – 8. Ischium shorter than merus in endopods 1 – 4, but longer than merus in endopods 5 – 8. Thoracic endopods 1 – 3 (Figs 2 P; 3 B, E) each with dactylus larger than that of endopods 4 – 8 (Figs 2 S, 3 N). Combined praeischium plus ischium of endopod 2 (Fig. 3 A) are 0.9 – 1.0 times merus length, carpopropodus plus dactylus 1.0 – 1.1 times merus. Dactylus very large, with dense brush formed by great numbers of normal setae and 10 – 12 modified setae, the latter apically bent, bearing two symmetrical series of stiff barbs on either side in subbasal to median portions (Fig. 3 C). Distal 1 – 3 segments of carpopropodus of endopod 4 (Fig. 2 Q) each with modified seta bearing minute teeth (modified barbs) along its thickened handle (Fig. 2 R), no such setae in endopods 5 – 8. When stretched anteriorly, endopod 8 reaches to mandibles or up to eyes; when stretched posteriorly to pleonite 6 or up to telson. Gnathopods (Figs 1 E – F, 3 D – L). Thoracic endopods 3 form a powerful subchela. Basis with indistinct endite. Ischium 1.9 − 2.7 times as long as wide; merus 2.7 − 4.3 times as long as wide and 1.2 − 1.7 times length of ischium. Mesial margin of ischium with 3 – 13 whip setae implanted on small (minute) projections; merus with 5 – 18 such setae on tips of such projections. Lateral face of merus close to its basis with whip seta bearing a ‘ comb’ of minute cilia (Fig. 3 F) along its cord in both sexes; one shorter, smooth whip seta in submedian position and a longer, smooth whip seta at the disto-lateral edge. Carpopropodus 0.9 – 1.2 times merus length, 1.6 – 2.5 times ischium. The proximal 4 – 6 spines of carpus in linear series (Fig. 3 D, H). The two distal spines closely set obliquely side by side: the caudal one (Fig. 3 K) ‘ normal’, the rostral one shorter, wider, and flattened (Fig. 3 L). Only the most proximal spines are smooth; most of the more distal spines with fine serration on their distal margin (Fig. 3 J – K). Modified seta closely behind disto-mesial edge of carpus in both sexes. This seta with analogous but weaker modification (Fig. 3 G) compared with the paradactylary setae of males (Fig. 3 I). A short distance proximally from this seta there is a shorter seta with similar but even weaker modification in both sexes (seta visible but its modification too small for visualization in Fig. 3 D, H). Marsupium. Oostegite 1 near basis with 3 – 8 setae which are microserrated along their distal half; oostegite 2 with 2 – 3 such setae. Ventral and rostral portions of outer face of oostegite 2 with 15 – 24 small whip setae with longer barbed setae in between; no such setae on oostegite 1. Pleopods (Fig. 4 D – H). The pleopods show no consistent size difference between sexes. Length without setae increases generally from first to fifth pleopods; intermediate pleopods not always in continuous series due to individual variation in size; pleopod 5 always the longest. All setae are plumose or barbed in both sexes. Tail fan (Fig. 4 I – K). Scutellum paracaudale (sub) - triangular with acute or narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 4 I). Exopod of uropods (Fig. 4 J) with clearly convex mesial margin and weakly convex, almost straight lateral margin. Exopod extends by 32 – 43 % its length beyond telson; endopod 11 – 44 % (partly due to telson inserting more rostrally). Distal 8 – 9 spines of endopod are subequal, proximal 2 – 3 spines shorter. Endopod basally with large statocyst, statolith diameter 46 – 105 µm (n = 8 statoliths from four specimens). Statoliths discoidal with shallow fundus and distinct tegmen. Statolith formula 2 + (2 – 3) + (4 – 7) + (4 – 7) = 14 – 18 (n = 8). Telson (Fig. 4 K) length 0.9 – 1.1 times endopod of uropod. Spines on lateral margins continuously increasing in size towards the tip. Apical cleft deeper than wide, its laminae shorter than the spines on distal fourth of lateral margins of telson. Larvae (Fig. 4 L – M). Eight mounted nauplioid larvae at substage N 3 with smooth cuticle all around except for tip of abdomen, which bears a few setae (Fig. 4 M); no caudal furca. Remaining features in Fig. 4 L are typical of the state of development. Foregut (Fig. 4 A – C). Lateralia anteriorly with apically pronged and apically coronate spines with smooth shaft, and a mesial group of long spines armed with loose series of small denticles along shaft. Lateralia more caudally with separate group of three spines unilaterally serrated by dense series of comparatively long teeth (Fig. 4 B). Dorsolateral infoldings with two larger, apically pronged, unilaterally serrated spines (Fig. 4 A). Each lateral margin of the superomedianum, in addition to setae and normal spines, with 6 – 8 comparatively large spines serrated on their distal half (Fig. 4 C). Gut contents of two specimens were mostly masticated, unidentifiable material and a few diatoms; no crustacean remains identified.	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1FFF9BAE86FF3CB4078B9E.taxon	description	Figs 5 – 7	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1FFF9BAE86FF3CB4078B9E.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Adult male with 4.6 mm body length (NHMW – 27019), tanks of the wholesaler ‘ Whitecorals’, Korntal, Germany, Sept. 2020, leg. Christian Kapaun. Paratypes. 1 M ad. 3.6 mm, 1 F ad. 4.2 mm (MNINGA MYS 441) in vial, 1 F ad. 3.5 mm (NHMW – 27020), 1 M ad. 4.4 mm (NHMW – 27018) on slides, same sample as for holotype. Material sequenced. 18 S and COI barcodes here provided for 1 M ad. from same sample as for holotype, deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MW 591698 and MW 596476. Type locality. Not defined because the locality of origin ought to be indicated according to Art. 76.1.1. of the nomenclatorial code (ICZN, 1999). The species was first discovered from tanks of the wholesaler ‘ Whitecorals’ in Korntal (Germany).	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1FFF9BAE86FF3CB4078B9E.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. The species name is a Latinized adjective with feminine location suffix, referring to the city of Korntal (Germany) from where the type material was obtained.	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1FFF9BAE86FF3CB4078B9E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace normal, rostrum triangular with narrowly rounded to acute tip, 0.4 – 0.8 times length of terminal segment of antennular trunk, covering <1 / 3 of eyestalks. Antero-lateral edges of carapace well rounded. In dorsal view, the eyes appear moderately large, subquadrate, almost ovate (Fig. 5 A). The eyestalks expand beyond obliquely laterally implanted cornea; no disto-mesial spiniform extension. Eyes (Fig. 5 A – C). Eyestalks dorsoventrally compressed by a factor of 1.7 – 2.0 (length by maximum height), dorsal face flattened. Lateral aspect of eyestalks wedge-like in males (Fig. 5 B), anterior margin with apically rounded, triangular protrusion with margins converging at 80 – 90 angular degrees. This aspect oviform, with weaker anterior protrusion in females (Fig. 5 C). Small cornea located mid-laterally on stalk, where it extends over about 20 % eye surface; its ommatidia compound, structure normal, functional. Cornea calotte-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 5 A), diameter 0.7 – 1.0 times the length of terminal segment of antennular trunk. Cornea ovate to almost circular in lateral view (Fig. 5 B – C), dorsoventrally compressed by a factor of 1.1 – 1.6. Antennulae (Fig. 6 A – H). Antennular trunk with setae only, without spines; setae non-dimorphic. Basal segment of trunk with large dorsal apophysis bearing one long, flagelliform seta, medially accompanied by one shorter whip seta (Fig. 6 B, F), and laterally by several shorter barbed setae. Lateral lobe with barbed setae only. Median segment without apophysis, its anterior margin mid-dorsally with seta group formed by one whip seta laterally accompanied by a few normal setae; additional group of that kind on disto-mesial edge. Anterior margin of terminal segment with the usual mid-dorsal apophysis. Disto-mesial edge of terminal segment with two large whip setae facing opposite directions. Appendix masculina small, with dense tuft of long setae. Antennae and mouthparts (Fig. 6 I – J). Antennal sympod with small spiniform extension on lateral face. Scale (Fig. 6 I) reaches to 60 – 90 % length of terminal segment of antennular trunk in both sexes. Scale length 3.0 – 3.6 times maximum width. Scale with small apical segment. Mouthparts normal; labrum with short, rounded, rostral protrusion (Fig. 6 J). Thorax. Only males with median processes (Fig. 7 D) extending from thoracic sternites 1 – 8, not counting the usual, large lobe on first sternite. Flagellum (Fig. 7 F) of thoracic exopods 1 – 8 with 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 8 – 9, and 8 – 9 segments, respectively. Carpopropodus (Figs 6 K, 7 F) of thoracic endopods 1 – 8 with 2, 2, 2, 5 – 4, 5 – 6, 5, 5, and 5 – 4 segments, respectively. Claw of endopod 3 (Fig. 6 O – P) measured along its median line, 4 – 5 times dactylus length and 32 – 44 % carpopropodus. Claw 3 weakly curved, large, the strongest; claw 1 with 40 % length of claw 3, straight, strong; claw 2 (Fig. 7 E) with half the length of claw 3, curved, strong as well; claw 4 with 1 / 3 length of claw 3, weakly curved, less strong, slender; claws 5 – 8 with 1 / 4 length of claw 3, more strongly curved, slender as well. Claw of endopods 1, 5 – 8 subapically serrated on mesial margin, claw 2 serrated in median portions, and claws 3, 4 smooth. Penes tube-like (Fig. 7 F), 0.6 – 0.8 times length of ischium 8, and 0.9 – 1.1 times merus 8. Proximal half of penes with 2 – 3 whip setae increasing in length distally (the large, most distal seta occasionally accompanied by a shorter barbed seta); distal half without setae. Each penis terminally truncate, with, if any, two short, rounded apical lobes. Gnathopods (Fig. 6 K – P). Thoracic endopod 3 with most of mesial margin of ischium and merus rugose by small projections each bearing a whip seta at its tip. Merus terminally with triangular, apically acute ridge (Fig. 6 L) on caudal face in both sexes. Carpus, propodus, and dactylus separated by distinct sutures. Carpopropodus length is 11 – 14 % body length in females, 15 – 18 % in males. Carpopropodus swollen, its length 3.5 − 4.2 times maximum width in both sexes; mesial margin of carpus with 8 – 10 strong spines. Propodus without spines; its paradactylary setae modified, dimorphic, longer than claw in males (Fig. 6 O; due to more proximal insertion not or only shortly extending beyond claw), less strongly modified and only half the length of claw in females (Fig. 6 P). Pleon. Pleopods (Fig. 7 H – I) non-dimorphic, reduced to small, setose, obscurely bilobate plates, without spines. Uropods (Fig. 5 D) normal, entire; exopod reaches with 7 – 24 % of its length beyond endopod. Endopod armed with linear series of 7 – 12 spines, about equally spaced along mesial margin from statocyst to 8 – 15 % endopod length below apex. Telson (Fig. 7 K) subtriangular, length 1.2 – 1.3 times maximum width and 0.8 – 0.9 times exopod of uropod. Lateral margins of telson with 7 – 13 spines on distal 50 – 60 %, proximal portion smooth. Disto-lateral lobes each with two spines on narrowly truncate apex; latero-apical spines are 10 – 13 % telson length; medio-apical spines are 0.6 – 0.8 times length of latero-apical spines. Proximally well rounded, U-shaped apical cleft occupies 22 – 23 % length of telson. Cleft armed with 8 – 12 acute laminae along basal 60 – 70 % of its margins, distal portions smooth.	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1FFF9BAE86FF3CB4078B9E.taxon	description	Description. All features of the diagnosis plus the above listed features shared by the three here described species. General appearance, pleopods (Fig. 7 H – I), and nauplioid larvae as in H. gulfarii. Body size of adults is 3.5 – 4.2 mm (n = 2) in females and 3.6 – 4.6 mm (n = 3) in males. Cephalothorax comprises 29 – 32 % body length, pleon without telson 52 – 55 %, telson 12 – 14 %, carapace without rostrum 27 – 30 %, and rostrum 3 – 4 %. Frons with triangular subrostral process (Fig. 5 A). Posterior margin of carapace leaves 0.5 – 1.0 ultimate thoracic somite middorsally exposed. Abdominal somites 1 – 5 measure 0.6 – 0.7, 0.7 – 0.8, 0.6 – 0.8, 0.6 – 0.8, and 0.6 times the length of somite 6, respectively. Eyes (Fig. 5 A – C, E). Anterior margin of eyestalk not wrinkled in both sexes. Stalk with, if any, small fields of minute scales on mesial and lateral basal edges. Cornea diameter 0.6 – 0.9 times the length of eyestalk. Antennulae (Fig. 6 A – H). Trunk extends 40 – 60 % its length beyond eyes. Measured along dorsal midline, the basal segment is 44 – 46 % trunk length, median 16 – 20 %, and terminal 36 – 39 %. Basal segment on basal half of its lateral face with 2 – 3 small setae bearing long barbs (as in Fig. 2 E). Its dorsal apophysis with 4 – 5 barbed setae and two whip setae; the mesial whip seta (Fig. 6 B, F) shorter than the laterally adjoining whip seta. Lateral lobe of basal segment with 3 – 5 barbed setae. Median segment about mid-dorsally, closely behind distal margin, with seta group formed by three barbed setae plus one short whip seta. On disto-mesial edge of the median segment, an additional set formed by a plumose seta and a shorter whip seta (Fig. 6 C, G). Terminal segment 1.1 – 1.5 times longer than wide in both sexes. Its mid-dorsal apophysis as in H. gulfarii. In both sexes the lateral antennular flagellum is thicker than the mesial one by a factor of 1.4 – 1.6 when measured near basis of flagella. Male lobe as in H. gulfarii, its length (antero-posterior extension) is 20 – 29 % width of terminal segment of trunk, and lobe width is 18 – 28 %. Epi-antennular process forms an evenly rounded shield; hypo-antennular process forms a triangular, tooth-like projection (Fig. 6 E). Antennae (Fig. 6 I). Sympod as in H. gulfarii, its crescent-shaped shield 2.0 – 3.1 times longer than maximum width. The three-segmented antennal peduncle with basal segment 16 – 19 % peduncle length, second 45 – 51 %, and third 33 – 37 %. Basal segment of peduncle dorsally with field of triangular scales (as in Fig. 2 K). Antennal scale extends to 20 – 80 % length of third segment of antennal peduncle. Scale as in H. gulfarii, its short, broad apical segment 7 – 10 % total scale length. Mandibles. Palp most similar to Fig. 2 L, segments 1 – 3 contributing 11 – 13 %, 63 – 65 %, and 22 – 24 % to total palp length, respectively. Proximal segment with 2 – 3 whip setae on lateral margin, no additional setae. Median segment 2.3 – 2.5 times longer than its maximum width; 15 – 19 whip setae distally increasing in length almost all along lateral margin, the distal 1 – 2 setae with sparsely barbed handle; 12 – 14 basally thick setae along subbasal to subterminal portions of mesial margin, most setae of proximal half unilaterally barbed in both sexes; one large whip seta close to disto-mesial edge. Proximal half of median segment with large field of minute triangular scales (as in Fig. 2 M) on rostral face in both sexes. Terminal segment strongly setose. Pars molaris with well-developed grinding surface in both mandibles. Pars incisiva with 4 – 5 teeth, digitus mobilis with 3 – 4 teeth, and pars centralis with three spiny teeth. Maxillula and maxilla. Distal segment of maxillula terminally with 11 – 12 strong spines, the innermost spine being thickest and longest; the two innermost spines microserrated in median portions of their outer (= lateral) margin. Setae of distal segment and of endite as in H. gulfarii. Maxilla with 13 – 16 plumose setae all along lateral margin of exopod, the two apical setae larger than the remaining ones. Basal segment of endopod with four basally thick, barbed setae. Terminal segment 1.6 – 2.2 times longer than wide. Thoracic sternites (Fig. 7 D). All male sternites with median processes. Male sternites 4 – 7 with larger processes compared to sternites 1 – 3, 8. Processes 2 – 7 clearly triangular. Processes 3 – 6 in part with pair of triangular secondary processes. Sternite 1 with large anterior lobe whose distal half is triangular with narrowly rounded apex in both sexes. Thoracopods general (Figs 6 K – P, 7 E – G). Length of flagella as well as of basal plates increases from exopod 1 to 4, remain subequal from exopods 4 to 7, and is shorter in exopod 8. Basal plates weakly expanded, length 2.2 – 2.7 times maximum width in both sexes. Lateral margin of plates ends in a rounded edge (Fig. 7 F). First thoracopod with large, leaf-like, smooth epipod. Relative size of endopods 1 – 8 and respective presence of apophyses as in H. gulfarii. Series of endopods 1 – 8 with slenderness of ischium and relative length of ischium, merus, and dactylus as in H. gulfarii. Combined praeischium plus ischium of endopod 2 is 0.8 – 1.0 times merus length, carpopropodus plus dactylus 0.8 – 1.2 times merus. Dactylus 2 with 9 – 12 modified setae; further details as described above for H. gulfarii. Distal 3 – 4 segments of the carpopropodus of endopod 4 each with one modified seta bearing minute teeth (modified barbs) along its thickened handle (as in Fig. 2 R), no such setae in endopods 5 – 8. Relative length of endopod 8 (Fig. 7 F) as in H. gulfarii. Gnathopods (Figs 5 E, 6 K – P). Thoracic endopods 3 form a powerful subchela. Basis with indistinct endite. Ischium 2.1 − 2.7 as long as wide (maximum width); merus 3.4 − 4.1 as long as wide and 1.4 − 1.7 times length of ischium. Mesial margin of ischium with 15 – 19 whip setae implanted on small (minute) projections; merus with 9 – 20 such setae on the tips of such projections (Fig. 6 K). Distribution and structure of whip setae on lateral face of merus as in H. gulfarii. Carpopropodus 1.0 – 1.2 times merus length, 1.5 – 2.0 times ischium. Carpus with arrangement and structure of spines and setae (Fig. 6 K, M−P) as described in H. gulfarii. Marsupium. Oostegite 1 near basis with 6 – 10 setae which are microserrated along their distal half, oostegite 2 with 2 – 3 such setae. Ventral and rostral portions of outer face of oostegite 2 with 9 – 18 small whip setae. Thoracopod 6 with terminally well-rounded rudimentary oostegite distally bearing one small barbed seta and two long setae microserrated along their distal half. Tail fan (Figs 5 D, 7 J – K). Scutellum paracaudale and shape of exopod of uropods (Fig. 5 D) as in H. gulfarii. Exopod extends 20 – 36 % its length beyond telson; endopod 9 – 21 % its length beyond telson (partly due to telson inserting more rostrally). Most spines of endopod subequal in length, proximal 0 – 2 spines occasionally smaller. Endopod (Fig. 5 D) basally with large statocyst, statolith diameter 65 – 85 µm (n = 7 statoliths from four specimens). Statoliths discoidal with shallow fundus and distinct tegmen. Statolith formula 2 + (2 – 3) + (0 – 1) + (4 – 8) + (5 – 10) = 16 – 20 (n = 4). Telson (Fig. 7 K) length 1.0 – 1.1 times length of sixth pleonite and 0.9 – 1.0 times endopod of uropod. Additional notes on telson structure as given above in the paragraph ‘ Tail fan’ for H. gulfarii. Foregut (Fig. 7 A – C). As in H. gulfarii, except for different structure of certain teeth (Fig. 7 B – C versus Fig. 4 B – C). Each lateral margin of superomedianum, in addition to setae and normal spines, with 4 – 8 comparatively large smooth spines (Fig. 7 C). Gut contents of four specimens were mostly masticated, unidentifiable material (‘ detritus’) and mineral particles; no crustacean remains identified.	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1AFF9BAE86FC5DB6BA8C46.taxon	discussion	Definition of the subgenus follows Price & Heard (2011) with modifications by Wittmann & Abed-Navandi (2021).	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1AFF8DAE86FB64B30F8AD2.taxon	description	Figs 8 – 13	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1AFF8DAE86FB64B30F8AD2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Adult male with 4.7 mm body length (NHMW – 27023), shrimp aquaria behind filtration sump of coral reef aquaria at Schönbrunn-Zoo, Vienna, Austria, May 2020, leg. Daniel Abed-Navandi. Paratypes. 10 M ad. 3.2 – 5.3 mm, 1 F ad. 4.5 mm, 3 subad. (USNM – 1642206) in vials, same sample as for holotype; 2 F ad. 4.3 – 4.7 mm, 2 M ad. 3.9 – 4.7 mm (MNINGA MYS 442) in vial, filtration sump of coral reef aquaria, remaining collection data as for holotype; 3 F ad. 4.6 – 5.2 mm, 5 M ad. 3.8 – 5.1 mm, 1 F subad. (USNM – 1642205) in vials, plus 1 F ad. 4.9 mm (NHMW – 27022) and 1 M ad. 4.8 mm (NHMW – 27021) on slides, Feb. 2020, remaining collection data as before; 1 F ad. 6.0 mm (NHMW – 27024) in vial, collection data as for holotype; 1 M ad. 4.9 mm (NHMW – 27025) in vial, collection data as for holotype; 3 F ad. 5.5 – 6.0 mm, 3 M ad. 4.6 – 6.1 mm (USNM – 1642207) in vial, collection data as for holotype; 3 F ad. 4.5 – 5.7 mm, 1 M ad. 4.5 mm (NHMW – 27026) in vial, Dec. 2020, remaining collection data as for holotype; 3 F ad. 4.2 – 5.7 mm, 12 M ad. 3.2 – 5.6 mm, 1 F subad. (USNM – 1642208) in vial, filtration sump of coral reef aquaria, Dec. 2020, remaining collection data as for holotype. Material sequenced. 18 S and COI barcodes here provided for 1 M ad. from same sample as for holotype, deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MW 591705 and MW 596478. Type locality. Not defined because the locality of origin ought to be indicated according to Art. 76.1.1. of the nomenclatorial code (ICZN, 1999). The species was first discovered from coral reef aquaria and service tanks at Schönbrunn-Zoo in Vienna (Austria).	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1AFF8DAE86FB64B30F8AD2.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. The species name is a Latinized adjective with feminine location suffix, referring to the world’s oldest existing zoo, namely Schönbrunn-Zoo located in the historical imperial park of Schönbrunn.	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1AFF8DAE86FB64B30F8AD2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace normal, rostrum (Fig. 9 A, D) triangular with acute tip, 0.6 – 0.8 times length of terminal segment of antennular trunk (measured along dorsal median line). Antero-lateral edges of carapace well rounded. Eyes (Fig. 9 A – C) well developed, thick. Cornea occupies distal third of eye surface. Eyestalks with a prominent tooth on disto-mesial edge. Antennulae (Fig. 9 A, G – K). The three segments of antennular trunk (Fig. 9 A, G) each with a setose dorsal apophysis. Apophysis of basal segment with blade-like spine (modified seta) apically bearing a minute spiniform process and 3 – 5 cilia (Fig. 9 J). Lateral lobe of basal segment, dorsal apophysis, and disto-mesial edge of the median segment, each with one whip seta (Fig. 9 I) plus barbed setae. Disto-mesial edge of terminal segment with blade-like, subapically flagellate, robust spine (Fig. 9 H). Appendix masculina small, weakly setose. Antennae and mouthparts. Antennal scale (Fig. 9 L) reaches to 40 – 80 % length of terminal segment of antennular trunk in both sexes. Scale length is 2.6 – 2.9 times maximum width. Scale with small apical segment. Mouthparts (Figs 9 M – N, 10 A – E) normal; labrum not produced into a spiniform process. Thorax. Only the males with median processes from thoracic sternites 1 – 8, in part flanked by additional submedian processes (Fig. 10 F; anterior lobe of sternite 1 not counted as a process of that kind). Both sexes with flagellum of thoracic exopod 1 showing eight segments, exopods 2 – 8 with nine segments. Carpopropodus of thoracic endopods 1 – 8 with 2, 2, 2, 3 – 4, 6 – 7, 6 – 7, 6 – 7, and 6 segments, respectively. Claw 1 subapically, unilaterally (Fig. 10 H) or bilaterally (Fig. 10 G) serrated; claw 2 not detected (but potentially present in dense jungle of setae); claw 3 strong, smooth (Fig. 10 K); claw 4 needle-like, smooth (Fig. 10 L); claws 5 – 8 well-curved, slender, unilaterally serrated along medial to subapical portions (Fig. 10 M – P). Claw 3 (measured along its median line) 2.1 – 3.3 times dactylus length and 26 – 37 % carpopropodus. Claws 1, 4 – 8 roughly half as long as claw 3 (note varying scales in Fig. 10). Penes (Fig. 11 G) tube-like, 0.6 – 0.7 times length of ischium 8 and 0.8 – 1.0 times merus 8. Penes smooth all along, without setae, terminally blunt, ending in 4 – 5 lobes. Gnathopods (Fig. 11 A – D). Shape of thoracic endopod 3 non-dimorphic except for the more rugose mesial margins of ischium and merus in males. Merus without disto-mesial ridge in both sexes. Carpus, propodus, and dactylus separated by distinct sutures. Carpopropodus 7 – 11 % body length in both sexes. Carpopropodus strongly swollen, only 1.9 – 2.5 times longer than wide (Fig. 11 A, C). Carpus with 7 – 11 subapically flagellate spines along distal 50 – 70 % of mesial margin. Propodus without paradactylary setae and without spines. Pleopods (Fig. 12) rudimentary, unsegmented, with residual differentiation of endopod (pseudobranchial lobe). All female pleopods and male pleopods 1, 2, 5 without spines, with normal setae only. Male pleopod 3 (Fig. 12 C) with series of 8 – 11 small, flagellate spines along obliquely truncate, terminal margin; pleopod 4 (Fig. 12 D) with series of 13 – 16 even smaller flagellate spines in analogous position. Tail fan. Uropods (Fig. 13 G) normal, entire; exopod extends by 18 – 27 % its length beyond endopod; endopod with 3 – 4 spines near statocyst on mesial margin, distal spine-free portion is 2 / 3 length of endopod. Telson (Fig. 13 H) subtriangular, length 1.1 – 1.4 times its maximum width, 0.7 – 0.8 times exopod of uropod. Each lateral margin of telson with 9 – 10 spines on distal 50 – 70 %, proximal portion smooth. Disto-lateral lobes each with two spines on narrowly truncate apex; latero-apical spines are 9 – 13 % telson length; medio-apical spines are 0.6 – 0.8 times length of latero-apical spines. U-shaped apical cleft penetrates 30 – 33 % telson length; proximal 25 – 40 % of the cleft with 13 – 15 laminae, distally remaining portion with smooth parallel margins.	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
03F587D7EC1AFF8DAE86FB64B30F8AD2.taxon	description	Description. All features of the diagnosis plus the above listed features shared by the three here described species. General appearance robust (Fig. 8 A – D). Size of adults is 4.2 – 6.0 mm (n = 17) in females and 3.2 – 6.1 mm (n = 36) in males. Cephalothorax comprises 30 – 42 % body length, pleon 46 – 62 %, carapace 27 – 38 %, and rostrum 3 – 4 %. Abdominal somites 1 – 5 measure 0.5 – 0.7, 0.5 – 0.8, 0.6 – 0.9, 0.7 – 0.9, and 0.7 – 0.9 times the length of somite 6, respectively. Carapace (Fig. 9 A, D – F). Rostrum covers basal portions of normal-oriented eyestalks. It reaches at most to the middle of artificially straight forward-oriented eyestalks (without cornea). Antero-lateral edges of carapace not visually projecting in situ whereas minimally projecting in artificially expanded carapace (Fig. 9 D). Posterior margin leaves 0.5 – 1.3 ultimate thoracic somite mid-dorsally exposed. As in many species of Mysidae, two characteristic groups of pores present medially on carapace. The anterior group (Fig. 9 E) is directly in front of the cervical sulcus and consists of 12 – 18 pores with about 1 µm diameter in a roughly V-shaped arrangement. The posterior pore group (Fig. 9 F) is more distant from the posterior margin of carapace; this group consisting of 10 – 12 such pores surrounding a larger but indistinct, rounded structure. Except for the here stated structures, outer surface of carapace smooth in both sexes. Eyes (Figs 8 A – E, 9 A – C). Eyestalks and cornea dorsoventrally weakly compressed. Eyestalks with scales along mesial and proximal face. Cornea diameter 0.8 – 1.1 times the length of apical segment of antennular trunk. In dorsal view the cornea appears calotte-shaped, measuring 0.5 – 0.7 times eyestalk length (cornea not included; cornea appears enlarged in Fig. 9 C due to the pressure exerted by cover glass). In lateral view (Fig. 9 B), cornea oviform to oval with upper margin (= face) flattened. Antennulae (Fig. 9 A, G – K). No sexual dimorphism except for the exclusive presence of the appendix masculina in males. Trunk extends 50 – 70 % its length beyond eyes. Measured along dorsal midline, the basal segment is 42 – 47 % trunk length, median 14 – 20 %, and terminal 34 – 38 %. Basal segment on basal half of its lateral face with 2 – 4 small setae bearing long barbs (Fig. 9 K). Its dorsal apophysis with 3 – 4 barbed setae, a whip seta, and a bladelike, apically modified spine (modified seta; Fig. 9 J). Lateral lobe with one plumose, 2 – 3 shorter barbed setae, and a whip seta. Median segment with one plumose and one small, whip seta (Fig. 9 I) on disto-mesial edge. Dorsally it bears a large apophysis with 3 – 4 barbed plus a whip seta. Terminal segment 1.1 – 1.2 times longer than wide. Its mid-dorsal apophysis with 3 – 4 barbed setae, with small cilia lining the disto-mesial margin; no spiniform anterior projection. Disto-mesial edge of terminal segment with one flagellate, blade-like spine (Fig. 9 H) flanked by one large, smooth seta facing disto-laterally, plus two anteriorly directed plumose setae. Distal 20 – 30 % of the flagellate spine with 3 – 4 tubercles on its anterior margin in addition to the distinct flagellum on posterior margin. In both sexes the lateral antennular flagellum is thicker than the mesial one by a factor of 1.4 – 1.8 when measured near basis of flagella. Male lobe weakly setose, inserts ventrally close to terminal margin of antennular trunk, broadly rounded, length is 17 – 21 % width of terminal segment of trunk, its width 21 – 24 %. Epi-antennular process (sub) - triangular with blunt tip, hypo-antennular process triangular with acute tip (Fig. 9 G). Antennae (Fig. 9 A, L). Sympod (Fig. 9 L) dorsally with terminally rounded, tongue-like process. Lateral edge of sympod with short, anteriorly directed, subtriangular process; ventrally with crescent-shaped shield (dashed line in Fig. 9 L) proximally behind antennal trunk; shield 3.0 – 3.5 times longer than its maximum width. Sympod caudally with bulbous lobe containing end sac of antennal gland. The three-segmented antennal peduncle with basal segment 16 – 22 % peduncle length, second 42 – 48 %, and third 31 – 35 %. Antennal scale reaches clearly beyond antennal peduncle; scale with slightly convex, almost straight lateral margin and with strongly convex mesial margin; scale setose all around. Short, broad apical segment with 5 – 8 % total scale length is separated by a transverse suture. Apical segment with five plumose setae. Mouthparts (Figs 9 M – N, 10 A – E). Mandibular palp three-segmented (Fig. 10 A). Its proximal segment without setae, 12 – 17 % length of palp. Median segment 61 – 76 % palp length. Its length 2.3 – 3.1 times maximum width. Its lateral margin all along with 15 – 17 whip setae. Mesial margin with one subapical seta, followed by a smooth median portion, and on proximal half by series of 6 – 8 setae increasing in length distally. Mid-caudal face of median segment with 0 – 2 setae (zero in Fig. 10 A). Rostral face (below drawing plane in Fig. 10 A) near mesio-basal edge with small field of minute triangular scales (arrow in Fig. 10 A; size and shape of scales as in Fig. 2 M). Terminal segment strongly setose, 19 – 25 % palp length. Pars molaris with well-developed grinding surface in both mandibles. Pars incisiva with 4 – 5 teeth, digitus mobilis with 3 – 4 teeth, and pars centralis with 3 – 4 spiny teeth. Maxillula (Fig. 10 C – D). Distal segment of maxillula (Fig. 10 C) terminally with 11 – 14 strong, mostly smooth spines, only the inner-most spine with two subapical denticles; this segment subterminally with three setae barbed on their distal 2 / 3; transverse series of three pores (diameter ca. 1.2 μm, Fig. 10 D) closely adjoining the outer (= most ventral) seta. Endite of maxillula terminally with three distally spiny setae accompanied by three proximally thick barbed setae; mesial and lateral margins of the endite with numerous less thick setae. Maxilla (Fig. 10 E) with 13 – 16 barbed setae all along lateral margin of exopod, the two apical setae larger than the remaining ones. Most basal portion of exopod with cilia (minute smooth setae) beneath and between the plumose setae. Basal segment of endopod with three basally thick, barbed setae. Terminal segment 1.6 – 1.9 times longer than wide. Thoracic sternites (Fig. 10 F, I). Male sternites 2 – 7 with tooth-like median processes increasing in size caudally. Sternites 2 – 6 with additional, smaller, paired, submedian processes, fully tooth-like only at sternites 4 – 6 where they merge with the median process to form a strong trident. Sternite 8 with a single, elongate spine-like process in median position. Sternite 1 with large anterior lobe whose distal half is triangular with blunt apex in both sexes. Only in males this lobe bears a small, rounded ventral process, probably homologous with the median processes on sternites 2 – 8. Thoracopods general (Figs 10 F – H, J – P; 11). Length of flagella as well as of basal plates increases from exopod 1 to 6, and decreases from exopod 6 to 8. Basal plates (Figs 10 F; 11 A, G) weakly expanded, length 1.5 – 1.8 times width in both sexes. Lateral margin of the plates ends in a narrowly rounded edge. The first thoracopods with large, leaf-like, smooth epipod (Fig. 10 F). Length of endopods increases in series of thoracopods 1, 2, 4, 3, 5, and remains subequal among endopods 5 – 8. Basis of endopods 4 – 8 (Fig. 11 E – G) with a small, lappet-like apophysis on rostral face below endopod; no such apophysis in endopods 1 – 3 (Figs 10 F, J; 11 A). Ischium becomes increasingly slender from endopods 1 to 5, and length of ischium increases in series of endopods 1, 2, 3 ≈ 4, 5; both these measurements remain (sub) - equal among endopods 5 – 8. Ischium shorter than merus in endopods 1 – 4 (Figs 10 F, J; 11 A, E), subequal in endopod 5, but longer than merus in endopods 6 – 8 (Fig. 11 G). Thoracic endopods 1 – 3 each with dactylus (Figs 10 F, J; 11 A, C) larger than that of endopods 4 – 8 (Fig. 11 E, G). Combined praeischium plus ischium of endopod 2 (Fig. 10 J) are 0.7 – 0.9 times merus length, carpopropodus plus dactylus 1.0 – 1.3 times merus. Dactylus very large, with dense brush formed by great numbers of normal setae and 10 – 14 modified setae, the latter apically bent, bearing two symmetrical series of denticles (stiff barbs) on either side in subbasal to median portions. Carpopropodus of endopod 4 (Fig. 11 E) densely furnished with smooth simple setae and whip setae, no other types of setae. When stretched anteriorly, endopod 8 (Fig. 11 G) reaches to the maxilla or up to basis of antenna; when stretched posteriorly to basis or end of pleonite 5. Gnathopods (Fig. 11 A – D). Thoracic endopod 3 forms a powerful subchela. Basis with distinct but much shorter endite compared to that (Fig. 10 J) of endopod 2. Ischium and merus strong, as normal in gnathopods. Ischium 1.7 − 2.0 times as long as wide; merus 2.4 − 2.7 times as long as wide and 1.5 − 1.8 times length of ischium. Series of 5 − 6 unilaterally barbed whip setae (Fig. 11 B) along (near) lateral face of merus, plus a single whip seta in subterminal position; series of normal barbs (cilia) along median to subapical portions of the setae; no modified barbs. Distal half of ischium with 4 – 6 short whip setae on mesial margin, each whip seta on the tip of a short triangular projection (Fig. 11 A) in males, projections even shorter in females. Proximal 50 – 60 % of merus with 4 – 7 short whip setae on mesial margin, the whip setae alternating with longer smooth setae; no triangular projections. Carpopropodus length 0.9 – 1.1 times merus, 1.1 – 1.5 times ischium. Carpus (Fig. 11 A, C) with spines arranged in series of 3 – 5 pairs in proximal position and 1 – 3 stand-alone spines in more distal position. Within pairs, the rostral spine larger than the caudal one. Most of these spines irregularly ‘ serrated’ (rugose; Fig. 11 D) along their anterior and posterior margins. The most proximal spines may be weakly serrated or not so. Marsupium (Fig. 11 F). The large oostegites 1, 2 near basis with 3 – 6 setae which are microserrated along distal half. Ventral and rostral portions of the outer face of only the second oostegite with total of 12 – 15 small whip setae whose length increases towards the tip of this oostegite. Thoracopod 6 with rudimentary oostegite represented by a small, rounded lobe with three microserrated setae apically (Fig. 11 F). Pleopods (Fig. 12). Reduced to small setose, bilobate, or obscurely bilobate plates in both sexes, generally larger in males than in females. Length without setae or spines increases from first to fifth pleopods in females. This series discontinuous in males, with size increasing in series of pleopods 1, 2, 5, 3, 4. For potential presence and numbers of flagellate spines on pleopods, see ‘ Diagnosis’ above. Pleopods 3, 4 knife-shaped in males only; each with a single seta at apex (Fig. 12 C – D); their spines with a subapical flagellum (Fig. 12 F – G). Compared with pleopod 4 (Fig. 12 G), the spines of pleopod 3 are larger (Fig. 12 F), more subtriangular, and on the average less crowded. All setae are plumose or barbed in both sexes (not counting flagellate spines). Tail fan (Figs 8 F, 13 F – H). Scutellum paracaudale (Fig. 13 F) sinusoid, well rounded. Exopod of uropods (Fig. 13 G) with slightly convex lateral margin and clearly convex mesial margin. Its length 1.2 – 1.4 times endopod. Exopod extends 38 – 44 % its length beyond telson, endopod 21 – 42 % its length beyond telson (partly due to telson inserting more rostrally). Endopod basally with large statocyst, containing normally only one statolith with diameter of 71 – 92 µm (n = 8 statoliths from five specimens). Statoliths discoidal with shallow fundus and distinct tegmen. Statolith formula 2 + 3 + (5 – 9) + (4 – 6) = 16 – 19 (n = 7). One additional statocyst examined contained a small (61 µm) statolith penetrated by sensory hairs as usual, and a spherical mineral concretion with diameter 32 µm not containing any trace of sensory hairs; both objects mineralized with fluorite. Mysid statocysts with such aberrations are rarely found in nature (Wittmann & Ariani 2019). Telson (Fig. 13 H) length 1.2 – 1.3 times sixth pleonite and 0.8 – 1.0 times endopod of uropod. Spines on lateral margins almost continuously increasing in size distally. Apical cleft much deeper than wide. Distal portions of cleft smooth; proximal portions lined by acute laminae which are shorter than the spines on distal third of lateral margins of telson. Color (Fig. 8). The animals appeared reddish to transparent upon aquarium observation. Non-transparent specimens became more light-colored during transport to the lab for microphotography. Eggs and nauplioid larvae yellow, in part with a slight green tinge. Content of foregut, gut, and gonads visible through the (semi) - transparent body. Iridescence of parts of body and appendages visible in Fig. 8 varied with the direction of incident light. Larvae (Figs 8 B, 13 I – J). In the ethanol-fixed material, 15 out of 17 adult females examined had 2 – 9 eggs or larvae in the brood pouch; two lacked a brood. Totals of nine eggs, 31 nauplioid larvae, and 28 postnauplioid larvae were available for measurements. Two females with 4.2 – 5.7 mm body length carried 2 – 7 eggs with diameter 0.38 – 0.43 mm. Two females 4.7 – 4.8 mm carried 3 – 4 nauplioid larvae at substage N 1 with body length 0.76 – 0.89 mm, four females 4.5 – 5.7 mm had 2 – 6 N 2 with 0.83 – 1.04 mm, one female 6.0 mm had nine N 3 with 0.89 – 1.07 mm. Two females with 4.9 – 6.0 mm carried 4 – 8 postnauplioid larvae at substage P 2 with 1.13 – 1.52 mm, four females with 4.5 - 5.7 mm had 2 – 6 P 3 with 1.40 – 1.80 mm. A crude estimate suggests that the larvae attain 1 / 3 parent length shortly before the moult that leads to the free-living juvenile stage. Six mounted nauplioid larvae (Fig. 13 I) with smooth cuticle all around except for tip of abdomen, which bears numerous spine-like setae (Fig. 13 J). No caudal furca. Remaining features in Fig. 13 I are typical of the state of development. Foregut (Fig. 13 A – E). Lateralia anteriorly with dense series of slender, apically coronate spines arranged in a lateral group of short spines with smooth shaft (Fig. 13 B) and a mesial group of long spines armed with loose series of small denticles along the shaft (Fig. 13 E). The latter type of spines also on median lobes of the lateralia. Lateralia more caudally with separate group of 6 – 9 apically pronged, serrated spines (Fig. 13 C). Dorsolateral infoldings with three longer, apically pronged spines which are serrated (Fig. 13 D) along distal 50 – 60 % of the shaft. Gut contents of four specimens were mainly crustacean remains (copepods, Artemia), minor amounts of unidentifiable material and mineral particles. Aquarium observations. The mysids hovered close to surfaces in dark areas of the aquarium and the connected filtration sumps: they cruised mainly above the bottoms and walls with the ventral side of the body facing the substrate. The movement patterns were parallel to the respective surface, and of a stop-and-go type. The mysids swam to and fro, mostly along predominantly linear, constant courses. Loose aggregations were formed by less than five specimens; in these aggregations a size-specific segregation was apparent. Occasionally, larger animals showed a chasing-like behavior, during which the speed was quickly accelerated and a short direct encounter occurred.	en	Wittmann, Karl J., Abed-Navandi, Daniel, Dubois, Maude, Chevaldonné, Pierre (2021): Three new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from coral reef aquaria in Florida and Central Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (3): 490-520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.3
