taxonID	type	description	language	source
AFF1B59AE64D5FE5BFC42D6D39A90920.taxon	description	Figure 1	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
AFF1B59AE64D5FE5BFC42D6D39A90920.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Panama • 1 adult female; Parque Nacional San Lorenzo Canopy Crane, Colon; 9.2802 ° N, 79.9754 ° W; 15. i. 2015; DA Peterson, GE Morse, H Shapiro, S Trujillo leg.; on Embothrium coccineum; MIUP (D 6581 C). Paratypes: • 1 adult female with second-instar exuviae; same data as holotype; USNM (D 6581 A); • 2 adult females; same data as holotype; UMEC (D 6581 B, D 6581 E).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
AFF1B59AE64D5FE5BFC42D6D39A90920.taxon	description	Description (N = 4). Adult female not pupillarial. Appearance in life not recorded. Slide-mounted adult female 670 - 1450 μm long (holotype 670), 560 - 1100 μm wide (holotype 560), broadest at mesothorax or metathorax. Body outline turbinate to nearly oval. Derm membranous throughout at maturity except for pygidium. Antennae simple, each with one long seta. Distance between antennae 100 - 180 μm. Without disc pores associated with anterior or posterior spiracles. Lobes. L 1 well developed, slightly wider than long, inner margins near parallel, with 1 notch on each side or without notches, rounded apically; space between lobes approximately 0.25 times width of L 1. L 2 and L 3 absent. Plates cylindrical, narrow, pointed at apex, simple or with a few fine tines, about as long as L 1; 2 plates present in first space, often with 1 or 2 tines near apex giving bifurcate or trifurcate appearance; 1 or 2 plates present in second space, simple or with minute tines; plates absent between L 1. Ducts. Dorsal macroducts of 1 - barred type, with 2 - 3 macroducts arising from first space, 8 - 10 arising from second space, and 7 - 8 arising from third space in singular rows. Series of marginal macroducts with wide orifices extending from mesothorax to abdominal segment II; at least two present per segment. Groups of ventral submarginal microducts occurring on head, thorax, and abdominal segments I-V. Paraphyses. With 1 pair of paraphysis-like basal scleroses near mesal margins of L 1; 1 pair of paraphyses in first space, paraphysis arising from lateral margin of L 1 slightly longer than paraphysis arising from medial margin of L 2, both mushroom-like in shape with distinctive dome or cap at anterior end; 1 pair of small clavate paraphyses in second space. Anal opening longer than wide, 11 - 14 μm long, 5 - 7 μm wide, positioned 17 - 25 μm (1.5 - 2 anal lengths) from the base of L 1, located within posterior third of pygidium. Perivulvar pores few, 2 - 6 pores in total, divided into 2 - 4 groups, with 1 - 4 in each group.	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
AFF1B59AE64D5FE5BFC42D6D39A90920.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet Clavaspis selvatica is the Latin adjective meaning wild, literally " of the forest " (selva). Our choice of this name is influenced by the fact that in modern Spanish, the word selva is identical to its Latin ancestor in form, but now refers specifically to tropical rainforest.	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
AFF1B59AE64D5FE5BFC42D6D39A90920.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Panama (Colon).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
6755DF261264523295C2BAF943BE77AC.taxon	description	Figure 2	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
6755DF261264523295C2BAF943BE77AC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Panama • 1 adult female; Parque Nacional San Lorenzo Canopy Crane, Colon; 9.2802 ° N, 79.9754 ° W; 17. i. 2015; DA Peterson, GE Morse, H Shapiro, S Trujillo leg.; on Virola multiflora; MIUP (D 6676 B). Paratype: • 3 adult females; same data as holotype; USNM (D 6676 A, D 6676 D, D 6677 A); • 3 adult females; same data as holotype; UMEC (D 6674 G, D 6676 C, D 6677 C).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
6755DF261264523295C2BAF943BE77AC.taxon	description	Description (N = 7). Adult female not pupillarial. Appearance in life not recorded. Slide-mounted adult female 475 - 900 μm long (holotype 860, median 565), 410 - 630 μm wide (holotype 620, median 460), broadest near mesothorax and metathorax. Body outline oval, nearly circular in smaller individuals (<600 μm long), becoming elongate-oval in larger individuals. Derm membranous throughout at maturity except for pygidium. Antennae simple, each with one long seta. Distance between antennae 40 - 100 μm. Without disc pores associated with anterior or posterior spiracles. Lobes. Pygidium with 2 pairs of lobes; L 1 well developed, separated by space about one-fifth width of L 1, lobes slightly wider than long, inner margins near parallel, with 1 medial and 1 lateral notch, rounded apically; L 2 forming sclerotized point, about one-quarter to one-third size of L 1, with 1 lateral notch; L 3 absent, indicated at most by small, lightly sclerotized projection of pygidial margin. Plates. All plates simple; with or without fine plates in slight space between L 1; with 2 pointed plates in first space; plates absent in second space; five simple microduct-bearing plates present laterad of L 3, nearly as long as L 1. Ducts. Dorsal macroducts of 1 - barred type, slender, with orifices narrower in diameter than ventral microducts, restricted primarily to margin with one submarginal duct anterior to seta marking segment VI; 1 between L 1, with 3 - 4 marginal ducts in first space, 2 marginal ducts in second space; with few short macroducts occurring on submarginal areas of pre-pygidial segments. Ventral microducts slightly wider in diameter than dorsal macroducts and present in small submarginal groups on pre-pygidial abdominal segments and segment V. Paraphyses. L 1 each with a paraphysis-like basal sclerosis toward medial margin, slightly smaller than lobe; in first space, 1 clavate paraphysis arising from lateral angle of L 1, 1 arising from mesal angle of L 2, posterior-most paraphysis slightly longer than L 1; 2 smaller clavate paraphyses arising from mesal margin of L 3. Anal opening oval, 8 - 13 μm in length, 4 - 6 μm in width, positioned 20 - 23 μm from base of L 1, located within posterior third of pygidium. Perivulvar pores absent.	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
6755DF261264523295C2BAF943BE77AC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin genitive of the host plant genus, Virola.	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
6755DF261264523295C2BAF943BE77AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Panama (Colon).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
AF12E3F1DF685462846C5FF31919BEA1.taxon	description	Figure 3	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
AF12E3F1DF685462846C5FF31919BEA1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Panama • 1 adult female; Parque Nacional San Lorenzo Canopy Crane, Colon; 9.2802 ° N, 79.9754 ° W; 12. vi. 2012, GE Morse & BB Normark leg.; on Tovomita longifolia; MIUP (D 3919 A). Paratype: Panama • 1 adult female; Parque Nacional San Lorenzo Canopy Crane, Colon; 9.2802 ° N, 79.9754 ° W; 15. i. 2015; DA Peterson, GE Morse, H Shapiro, S Trujillo leg.; on Tovomita longifolia; UMEC (D 6433 A).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
AF12E3F1DF685462846C5FF31919BEA1.taxon	description	Description (N = 2). Adult female not pupillarial. Appearance in life not recorded. Slide-mounted adult female 870 - 1060 μm long, 670 - 790 μm wide, broadest at mesothorax. Body outline broadly obovate. Antennae simple, each with one conspicuous long seta. Distance between antennae 160 μm. Without any disc pores associated with anterior or posterior spiracles. Lobes. Pygidium with 3 pairs of lobes extending out from posterior margin, well sclerotized. L 1 large, apically convergent, each lobe oval in shape, with minute notch near midpoint of outer margin; L 2 distinctly smaller than L 1, with 1 or 2 small notches on outer margin; L 3 similar in size and shape to L 2, with 1 or 2 notches on outer margin and 0 or 1 notch on inner margin. Plates. Without plates between L 1; with 2 plates between L 1 and L 2, flabellate, apically fringed, each slightly longer than L 1, much longer than L 2; three between L 2 and L 3, flabellate, apically fringed, each plate longer than L 3; three anterior to L 3, branched and elaborately fringed on apical and lateral margins, much longer than L 3, each with internal microduct. Ducts. Dorsal macroducts of 1 - barred type, dorsal submarginal macroducts about same size as marginal macroducts, long (120 - 140 μm) and narrowly ribbonlike, with minute orifices, few, only 10 - 15 on each side of pygidium. Also, with faux duct orifice on dorsum immediately anteriad of L 1 - circular structure slightly larger than duct orifices, but without duct. Pre-pygidial dorsal macroducts few, shorter than those on pygidium, confined to margin and submargin, absent on segments III and IV, two present on each side of segments II, I, metathorax, and mesothorax. Ventral microducts shorter and thinner than dorsal macroducts, with a few present on submargin of each segment from abdominal segment V to prothorax. Paraphyses. Three pairs of paraphyses present on each side of pygidium, variable, with lateral member of each pair often minute or absent. Medial pair of paraphyses anteriad of L 1, medial member of pair arising from near inner angle of L 1, extending nearly to anus and terminating in rounded knob, lateral member of pair minute, forming part of sclerotized rim of faux duct orifice; pair of paraphyses between L 1 and L 2 also with medial paraphysis much larger than lateral paraphysis; pair between L 2 and L 3 usually about equal to each other in length, lateral member of pair sometimes obsolete. Anal opening nearly circular, maximum diameter 8 μm, located 23 - 25 μm (about 3 times diameter) from base of L 1. Perivulvar pores absent.	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
AF12E3F1DF685462846C5FF31919BEA1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin genitive of the host plant genus, Tovomita.	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
AF12E3F1DF685462846C5FF31919BEA1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Panama (Colon).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
5DFB5CD3832250439D6CCA4FF1DF05D6.taxon	description	Figures 4, 5	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
5DFB5CD3832250439D6CCA4FF1DF05D6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Panama • 1 adult female; Parque Nacional San Lorenzo Canopy Crane, Colon; 9.2802 ° N, 79.9754 ° W; 20. vi. 2012; GE Morse & BB Normark leg.; on Marila laxiflora Rusby; MIUP (D 4168 I). Paratypes: • 4 adult females; same data as holotype; USNM (D 3953 K, D 4168 B, D 6550 C, D 6552 B); • 5 adult females; same data as holotype; UMEC (D 3953 J, D 3953 P, D 3995 B, D 4168 E, D 6703 C).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
5DFB5CD3832250439D6CCA4FF1DF05D6.taxon	description	Description. Adult female (N = 10) in some cases pupillarial, enclosed within sclerotized cuticle of 2 nd instar; some individuals non-pupillarial. Appearance in life not recorded. Slide-mounted adult female 350 - 610 μm long (holotype 540 μm, median 540 μm), 280 - 500 μm wide (holotype 410 μm, median 420 μm), broadest at mesothorax. Body outline broadly oval, with slight indentation between prothorax and mesothorax. Derm membranous throughout at maturity in pupllarial individuals; cephalothorax and pygidium becoming sclerotized at maturity in some non-pupillarial individuals. Antennae simple, each with one long seta. Distance between antennae 51 - 73 μm. Eye a submarginal dorsal tubercle on prothorax. Without disc pores associated with anterior or posterior spiracles. Venter of mesothorax with about 6 transverse, irregular rows of sclerotized spicules in submedial area, posterolaterad of mouthparts. Lobes. Pygidium with 1 or 2 pairs of lobes; L 1 well developed, subquadrate, with parallel inner margins separated by exceedingly narrow space, lobes slightly longer than wide, rounded apically, with 1 large notch near apex on lateral margin and 0 - 1 notch near apex on medial margin; L 1 each with well-developed basal sclerosis, slightly narrower and longer than lobe; L 2, when fully developed, forming a small, sclerotized projection, about one-third length of L 1 and much narrower, without notches; L 2 often absent or represented by a membranous projection or low, sclerotized point; L 3 absent. Plates. With 2 narrow, elongate plates in first space, slightly fringed, with a few tines, and 1 or 2 simple plates laterad of position of L 2; no other plates present. Ducts. Dorsal macroducts of 1 - barred type, slender, much broader than ventral microducts, few in number, restricted to margin of pygidium; with 1 - 3 (usually 2) ducts in first space, 0 - 2 (usually 1) immediately laterad of L 2, and 0 - 1 (usually 0) laterad of seta marking segment VI, making a total of only 1 - 4 ducts (usually 4) on each side of pygidium. Ventral microducts exceedingly narrow, present along pygidial margin and scattered in submedial areas of other segments. Paraphyses absent. Anal opening subcircular, 8 - 11 μm in length and width, positioned 17 - 37 μm from base of L 1, located within posterior half of pygidium. Perivulvar pores absent. Second-instar female (N = 8) Appearance in life not recorded. Slide-mounted second-instar female 340 - 620 μm long (median 460 μm), 270 - 400 μm wide (median 340 μm), broadest at mesothorax. Body outline oval. Antennae simple, each with one long seta. Distance between antennae 54 - 96 μm. Without disc pores associated with anterior or posterior spiracles. Lobes. Pygidium with 3 pairs of well-developed lobes; L 1 subquadrate, with parallel inner margins separated by exceedingly narrow space, lobes slightly longer than wide, rounded apically, with 1 large notch near apex on lateral margin and 0 - 1 notch near apex on medial margin; L 1 each with well-developed basal sclerosis, slightly narrower and longer than lobe; L 2 nearly as long as L 1 but much narrower, rounded at apex, without notches or with slight notch on lateral margin; L 3 subtriangular, slightly narrower and shorter than L 2, without notches. Plates. Without plates between L 1. With 2 narrow plates in first space, 2 broader plates in second space, and a series of 5 or 6 plates laterad of L 3. All plates similar in length to adjacent lobes and fringed at apex, with plates anterior to L 3 becoming progressively lower and less fringed anteriorly. Plates of the first and second spaces subtended by conspicuous ducts, about a third as wide as dorsal macroducts and nearly as long, much wider and longer than ventral microducts. Ducts. Dorsal macroducts of 1 - barred type, broad, all submarginal; with 2 ducts in a short row arising from first space, 2 in the second space, and 1 laterad of L 3, making a total of 5 on each side of pygidium. Ventral microducts exceedingly narrow, short, present along pygidial margin and scattered in submedial areas of other segments. Paraphyses absent. Anal opening oval to subcircular, 8 - 14 μm in length, 7 - 8 μm in width, positioned 23 - 40 μm from base of L 1, located within posterior half of pygidium.	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
5DFB5CD3832250439D6CCA4FF1DF05D6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin adjective; here it alludes to this species' unusual biogeography as a Neotropical member of a mostly African clade.	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
5DFB5CD3832250439D6CCA4FF1DF05D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Panama (Colon).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
C1CCEC042D3E5AAE81BF36378DBB8C3E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Panama • 1 adult female; Parque Metropolitano Canopy Crane; 8.9944 ° N, 79.5431 ° W; 22. i. 2015; DA Peterson, GE Morse, H Shapiro, S Trujillo leg.; on Antirhea trichantha; MIUP (D 6765 D); • 1 adult female; same data as previous; UMEC (D 6765 G).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
C1CCEC042D3E5AAE81BF36378DBB8C3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Panama (Parque Metropolitano).	en	Wei, Jiufeng, Schneider, Scott A., Normark, Roxanna D., Normark, Benjamin B. (2021): Four new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Panama, with a key to Panamanian species. ZooKeys 1047: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.68409
