identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E07B6D1EFFE02B46DA09FD91FC84FA21.text	E07B6D1EFFE02B46DA09FD91FC84FA21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon Meigen 1803	<div><p>Genus Merodon Meigen, 1803</p> <p>Diagnosis of the Merodon aureus lineage</p> <p>Mid coxa with long pile posteriorly (Fig. 2A); anterior anepisternum below postpronotum with many long pile (Fig. 2B); species with stocky abdomen (Fig. 2C); lateral sclerites of the aedeagus very small or absent (Fig. 3A: marked with arrow).</p> <p>Diagnosis of the Merodon bombiformis group</p> <p>Pedicel elongated, approximately as long as basoflagellomere (Fig. 4); abdomen broad (Fig. 5); metafemur with less serrated apicoventral triangular lamina, usually only the apical dens is distinct (Fig. 6); metatrochanter of males smooth, without calcar (Fig. 6); male genitalia with posterior surstyle lobe usually bent (as on Fig. 7A, D: pl), and hypandrium narrowed medially (as on Fig. 7C: marked with arrow); distribution: Afrotropical Region (Fig. 1).</p> <p>The Merodon bombiformis group and M. funestus (Fabricius, 1794) differ from other species and groups among the aureus lineage by an elongated pedicel, approximately as long or even longer than basoflagellomere (Fig. 4) and small lateral sclerite of the aedeagus (as on Fig. 3B, D: s) (absent in other species and groups of the aureus lineage, on Fig. 3A: marked with arrow). Morphologically, the M. bombiformis group can be distinguished from M. funestus by the absence of a calcar on metatrochanter in males (present in M. funestus, on Fig. 8A), less dentate apicoventral triangular lamina on the metafemur, but usually with a distinct apical dens (Fig. 8B) (clearly dentate in M. funestus, on Fig. 8A) and by the shape of the posterior lobe of the surstylus: tip rounded in bombiformis group (as on Fig. 13A, D: pl), but tapering in M. funestus (Fig. 19A: pl).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1EFFE02B46DA09FD91FC84FA21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić;Likov, Laura;Tot, Tamara;Veselić, Sanja;Djan, Mihajla	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja, Djan, Mihajla (2021): Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies. European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1): 88-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
E07B6D1EFFE02B4ADA3DFA4AFC87F827.text	E07B6D1EFFE02B4ADA3DFA4AFC87F827.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon bombiformis Hull 1944	<div><p>Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944</p> <p>Figs 1, 3C, 4A, 5A, 6A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A–C, 14A, 15A, 16A, 21A–D, 24</p> <p>Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944: 42–43 (type locality: Waterval, Republic of South Africa).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Large, golden species (10–14 mm) with reddish-yellow/golden face and frons (Figs 9A, 11A), lateral sides of scutum (Fig. 10A) and most of terga (Fig. 5A); oral margin reduced (Fig. 9A); antennal segments very short (Fig. 4A), frons inflated (Fig. 9A).</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype</p> <p>REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.012/lat -25.183)">Waterval</a>; 25.183° S, 29.012° E; 27 Dec. 1898; Distant Collection 1911:383; BMNH.</p> <p>Additional material</p> <p>REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.658/lat -28.586)">Distant Bush</a>; 28.586° S, 24.658° E; 1182 m a.s.l.; 1911; unknown leg.; NMSA • 1 ♂; Pretoria, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.366&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.366/lat -25.664)">Baviaanspoort</a>; 25.664° S, 28.366° E; 1290 m a.s.l.; 15 Feb. 1920; H.K. Munro leg.; FSUNS ID 04277; NMSA • 1 ♀; Natal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.597" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.336/lat -29.597)">Hilton Road</a>; 29.597° S, 30.336° E; 833 m a.s.l.; 22 Dec. 1953; P. Graham leg.; FSUNS ID 04280; NMSA • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.597" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.336/lat -29.597)">Pietermaritzburg</a>; 29.597° S, 30.336° E; 833 m a.s.l.; 5 Nov. 1955; Oosthuizen leg.; reared from Gladiolus bulbs; FSUNS ID 04282; NBCN LML-05-5 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 04276; NMSA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Nov. 1955; FSUNS ID 04279; NMSA • 1 ♂; reared from Gladiolus bulbs in Wisley Horticultural Gardens (United Kingdom), which were brought from RSA; Jun. 1956; V.W. Fowler leg.; BMNH • 1 ♀; Transkei, Pitseng Pass, banks from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.749" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.299/lat -30.749)">Luzzi River</a>; 30.749° S, 28.299° E; 1633 m a.s.l.; 11 Jan. 1979; J. Londt and B. Stuckenberg leg.; rocky hill and grassveld; FSUNS ID 04278; NMSA • 1 ♂; Eastern Cape, 5 km ENE of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.0/lat -30.783)">Rhodes</a>; 30.783° S, 28.000° E; 2066 m a.s.l.; 5 Feb. 1992; wet stream gully; unknown leg.; FSUNS ID 04275; NMSA • 1 ♀; Eastern Cape, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.137&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.759" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.137/lat -30.759)">Naudes Nek</a>, near top of pass; 30.759° S, 28.137° E; 2500 m a.s.l.; 6 Feb. 2009; S.I. Morita leg.; FSUNS ID 05724; USNM SMPC_SIM_1844 • 1 ♂; Drakensberg Mountain, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.203&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.759" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.203/lat -30.759)">Maclear-Naudes Nek</a>; 30.759° S, 28.203° E; 1800 m a.s.l.; 9 Feb. 2016; S. Radenković and N. Veličković leg.; FSUNS ID ZA2_079; FSUNS.</p> <p>LESOTHO • 1 ♀; Colony of Basutoland, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.03/lat -29.15)">Orange Valley</a>; 29.15° S, 29.03° E; 1500 m a.s.l.; R. Ellenberger leg.; FSUNS ID 03317; MNHN PM-05-46.</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Original description is insufficient, without any illustrations and based on a single male specimen from South Africa (Hull 1944).</p> <p>Length: large species, body 10–14 mm, wing 8–10 mm (n = 8).</p> <p>Male</p> <p>HEAD (Figs 4A, 9A, 11A, 12A). Antenna (Fig. 4A) very short, reddish to dark brown; scape and pedicel covered with dense, yellow pilosity; pedicel elongated, approximately as long as basoflagellomere (relation scape:pedicel: basoflagellomere =1.0: 1.8: 1.8); basoflagellomere concave dorsally, with rounded apex; arista light brown to dark brown, thickened basally, 5 times as long as basoflagellomere. Face reddish-yellow to dark brown, covered with yellow pollinosity and dense yellow pile, except on bare medial vitta that occupies ¼ width of face (Fig. 11A). Oral margin reduced (Fig. 9A). Frons from black to reddish and golden-yellow, inflated, covered with golden-yellow pollinosity and pile. Vertical triangle isosceles (Fig. 12A), usually reddish to black, predominantly covered with a long, yellow pile. Ocellar triangle equilateral. Eye pile dense, long as the scape, often pale yellow to gray. Eye contiguity about 10–15 ommatidia long. Occiput reddish, covered with yellow pile.</p> <p>THORAX (Figs 6A, 10A). Mesonotum matte black, except lateral side of scutum including postpronotum and postalar callus, and posterior margin of scutellum reddish-yellow, covered with reddish pile; scutum with five pollinose longitudinal vittae (Fig. 10A). Pleuron covered with gray pollinosity and the following parts with whitish pile: anterior part of proepimeron, posterior part of anterior anepisternum, most of the posterior anepisternum except anterior end, antero-ventral and postero-dorsal part of katepisternum, anepimeron, and metasternum; in some specimens anterior anepisternum and katatergum reddish. Wing hyaline, with dense microtrichia and yellow to brown veins. Calypter pale yellow. Halter with yellow pedicel and capitulum. Legs usually dark brown to black (in some specimens partly reddish), except yellow basal third of tibiae. Metatrochanter without calcar. Metafemur moderately thickened, with less developed apicoventral triangular lamina, not dentate, only the apical dens is distinct, posteriorly oriented (Fig. 6A). Pile on legs predominantly yellow.</p> <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 5A). Predominantly reddish-yellow (Fig. 5A). Reddish parts of terga 2–4 covered with yellow pile and dense pollinosity, while dark parts with short adpressed black pile; sterna from yellow to dark brown, covered with white or yellow pile.</p> <p>GENITALIA (Figs 3C, 13A–C). Posterior lobe of surstyle broad, rounded apically (Fig. 13A: pl); anterior lobe of surstyle undeveloped, virtually absent (Fig. 13A); cercus elongated (Fig. 13A: c). Hypandrium with theca slightly medially narrowed (Fig. 13C: marked with arrow). Lateral sclerite of aedeagus small, quadrilateral (Fig. 3C: s).</p> <p>Female (Figs 14A, 15A, 16A)</p> <p>Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism: frons reddish-yellow, with broad goldish pollinose vittae along eye margins; frons completely covered with golden pile (Fig. 15A); metafemur with very small apicoventral triangular lamina; apical dens more or less distinct, slightly posteriorly oriented (Fig. 16A).</p> <p>Period of flight and distribution (Fig. 1)</p> <p>The species is distributed in the Republic of South Africa and Lesotho. On the basis of our data, the flight period was found to be from November to February. Merodon bombiformis was collected in different vegetation types, brush-grass savanna, temperate and mountain grasslands and montane foresttundra. On Drakensberg Mountain, at the locality between Maclear and Naudes Nek, it was found near the stream, within bushes of Leucosidea sericea Eckl. &amp; Zeyh. (Rosaceae) and Gladiolus sp. on rocky soil (Fig. 24). Leucosidea sericea grows in Afromontane regions of southern Africa, and is the sole species of this genus (South African National Biodiversity Institute 2004).</p> <p>Larval biology</p> <p>Stuckenberg (1956) described the puparia of M. bombiformis, reared from larvae found feeding on commercially grown Gladiolus sp. (Iridaceae) corms. Specimens from Pietermaritzburg (5 Nov. 1955, 19 Nov. 1955) were reared from bulbs of Gladiolus L. too.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1EFFE02B4ADA3DFA4AFC87F827	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić;Likov, Laura;Tot, Tamara;Veselić, Sanja;Djan, Mihajla	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja, Djan, Mihajla (2021): Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies. European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1): 88-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
E07B6D1EFFEE2B4CDA78FEFEFC1CFEC1.text	E07B6D1EFFEE2B4CDA78FEFEFC1CFEC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon lotus Vujic & Radenkovic 2021	<div><p>Merodon lotus Vujić &amp; Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4FA6E871-8E78-418E-89EA-B4A334742811</p> <p>Figs 1, 4E, 5E, 6E, 9E, 10E, 11E, 12E, 14D, 15D, 16D, 17, 18A, 22A–C, 26</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Black, medium sized species (8–9 mm), with shiny face, posterior half of scutum and terga without pollinosity (except a pair of indistinct pollinose fasciae on tergum 4 in female) (Fig. 14D); male genitalia with S-forming posterior lobe of surstyle, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 17A, D: pl), anterior margin of surstyle rounded in lateral view (Fig. 17A, D: ams). Similar to Merodon nasicus from which differs in less prominent oral margin (Fig. 11E), and terga without clear pollinosity (Figs 5E, 14D), while in M. nasicus oral margin distinctly protruded (Fig. 11F) and terga 2–4 with distinct pollinose fasciae (Figs 5F, 14E, 20D).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific epithet ‘ lotus ’ is a Latin adjective meaning ‘elegant, fine’, also ‘washed/clean’, implying clean, non pollinose terga, as the main diagnostic character of this species.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; Ceres, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.289&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.364" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.289/lat -33.364)">Ceres 3</a>; 33.364° S, 19.289° E; 546 m a.s.l.; 10 Nov. 2018; A. Vujić and S. Radenković S. leg.; FSUNS ID ZA6_039; NMSA.</p> <p>Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; Ceres, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.289&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.365" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.289/lat -33.365)">Ceres 2</a>; 33.365° S, 19.289° E; 547 m a.s.l.; 9 Nov. 2018; A. Vujić and S. Radenković Sanja leg.; FSUNS ZA6_021; FSUNS • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; FSUNS ZA6_048, ZA6_049, ZA6_052, ZA6_060, ZA6_066; FSUNS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; FSUNS ID ZA6_067; NMSA.</p> <p>Additional material</p> <p>REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; Cape Province, Ceres; 1500 ft; Dec. 1920; R.E. Turner leg.; Merodon appendiculatus Hull unpublished name; BMNH.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: medium sized species, body 8–9 mm, wing 5–6 mm (n = 8).</p> <p>Male</p> <p>HAD (Figs 4E, 9E, 11E, 12E). Antenna (Fig. 4E) brown; pedicel slightly shorter than basoflagellomere (relation scape:pedicel: basoflagellomere =1.0: 2.1: 2.5); basoflagellomere concave dorsally, with acute apex; arista thickened basally, yellowish at basal third, the rest blackish, 2.2 times as long as basoflagellomere. Face shiny black, covered with whitish or yellowish pile, except on bare medial vitta that occupies half width of face. Oral margin slightly protruded (Fig. 9E). Frons shiny black, inflated, covered with whitish-gray pile and gray pollinosity along eye margins. Vertical triangle isosceles (Fig. 12E), dark, predominantly covered with long, yellowish pile, except some black ones on ocellar triangle in some specimens. Ocellar triangle usually equilateral. Eye pile gray, except upper fourth with black pile, slightly longer than scape. Eye contiguity about 14–16 ommatidia long. Occiput blackish, mostly pollinose, except behind vertical triangle, covered with yellow pile.</p> <p>THORAX (Figs 6E, 10E). Mesonotum black, covered with reddish-yellow pile; scutum without pollinose longitudinal vittae, but postpronotum and anterior part of scutum pollinose (Fig. 10E). Pleuron black, covered with sparse gray pollinosity and the following parts with whitish to yellow pile: anterior part of proepimeron, posterior part of anterior anepisternum, most of the posterior anepisternum except anterior end, antero-ventral and postero-dorsal part of katepisternum, anepimeron, metasternum. Wing brownish, hyaline, with dense microtrichia and dark brown veins. Calypter yellowish. Halter with yellowish pedicel and capitulum. All three femora dark brown to black; tibiae mostly reddish, medially black to dark brown; tarsi reddish, except blackish apical segment (Fig. 6E). Metatrochanter without calcar. Metafemur moderately thickened, with less developed apicoventral triangular lamina, more or less denatate, the apical dens more or less distinct (Fig. 6E). Pile on legs predominantly yellowish.</p> <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 5E). Black, covered with yellow to whitish pile on lateral sides. Tergum 1 covered with short whitish to yellow pile; terga 2 and 3 medially with shorter black pile, except two medial fasciae with whitish pile and some whitish pile at posterior margin; anterior half of tergum 4 covered with short black pile, posterior half with longer yellowish pilosity, medially with two oblique fasciae covered with whitish pile. Sterna dark brown, covered with yellowish pile.</p> <p>GENITALIA (Figs 17, 18A). Posterior lobe of surstyle broad, bent, S-shaped, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 17A, D: pl); anterior lobe of surstyle undeveloped (Fig. 17A, D); anterior margin of surstyle rounded in lateral view (Fig. 17A, D: ams); cercus square like (Fig. 17A, D: c). Hypandrium with theca medially distinctly narrowed (Fig. 17C, F). Lateral sclerite of aedeagus small (Fig. 18A: s).</p> <p>Female (Figs 14D, 15D, 16D)</p> <p>Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism: Frons shiny, non pollinose, except along eye margins (Fig. 15D); tergum 4 with a pair of indistinct narrow oblique pollinose fasciae.</p> <p>Period of flight and distribution (Fig. 1)</p> <p>Merodon lotus sp. nov. occurs in RSA in the Ceres Mountain Fynbos Nature Reserve; the flight period is in November and December. This species appears in Mediterranean evergreen forest-hard-leaf scrub in the south of the African continent (Sayre et al. 2013).</p> <p>Flower visited</p> <p>During our fieldwork, adults of M. lotus sp. nov. were observed as regular visitors of flowers of the genus Coleonema Bartl. &amp; H.L.Wendl. (Rutaceae) in Ceres (Fig. 25).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1EFFEE2B4CDA78FEFEFC1CFEC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić;Likov, Laura;Tot, Tamara;Veselić, Sanja;Djan, Mihajla	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja, Djan, Mihajla (2021): Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies. European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1): 88-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
E07B6D1EFFEA2B55DA55FE6DFD12FDC6.text	E07B6D1EFFEA2B55DA55FE6DFD12FDC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon multifasciatus Curran 1939	<div><p>Merodon multifasciatus Curran, 1939</p> <p>Figs 1, 4B, 5B, 6B, 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13D–F, 14B, 15B, 16B, 18B, 21F–H, 25</p> <p>Merodon multifasciatus Curran, 1939: 8 (type locality: Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa). Merodon apimima Hull, 1944: 40–42 (type locality: Mulanje, Nyasaland, Republic of Malawi).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Large (10–12 mm) and dark, striped species, with golden-yellow pile on the tip of the abdomen (Figs 5B, 14B). Scutum with conspicuous pollinose vittae (Figs 10B, 14B); metafemur with distinct apical dens on triangular lamina (Figs 6B, 16B); terga 3 and 4 with broad medial pollinose fasciae (Figs 5B, 14B). Similar to M. vittatus Vujić &amp; Likov sp. nov. from which differs in male genitalia with wider posterior lobe of surstyle, slightly curved, almost parallel sided, with rounded apex (Fig. 13D: pl), while male genitalia in M. vittatus sp. nov. with longer and narrower, S-shaped posterior lobe of surstyle, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 7D: pl).</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.982&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.284" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.982/lat -26.284)">Johannesburg</a>; 26.284° S, 27.982° E; 6000 ft; Mar. 1899; J.P. Cregoe leg.; AMNH.</p> <p>Additional material</p> <p>REPUBLIC OF MALAWI • 1 ♂, holotype of Merodon apimima; Mulanje, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.521/lat -16.015)">Nyasaland</a>; 16.015° S, 35.521° E; 22 Apr. 1913; S.A. Neave leg.; BMNH • 1 ♀, paratype of Merodon apimima; same collection data as for preceding; 21 Oct. 1913; labelled as allotype; BMNH • 2 ♂♂, paratypes of Merodon apimima; same collection data as for preceding; 18–30 Apr. 1913; BMNH • 1 ♂, paratype of Merodon apimima; same collection data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 04086; NBCN • 2 ♂♂, paratypes of Merodon apimima; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Jun. 1913; BMNH • 1 ♀, paratype of Merodon apimima; same collection data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 04355; BMNH.</p> <p>Additional non type material</p> <p>DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO • 1 ♂; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.046&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.023" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.046/lat -7.023)">Lualaba River</a>; 7.023° S, 27.046° E; 2500– 4000 ft; 21 Apr. 1907; S.A. Neave leg.; FSUNS ID 03909; NBCN LML-05-3.</p> <p>REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.683" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.416/lat -24.683)">Modimolle</a> (former Nylstroom); 24.683° S, 28.416° E; 17 Feb. 1908; unknown leg.; reared from Gladiolus bulb; USNM • 1 ♂; Transvaal, 5 mi (8 km) W of Warmbad; 24–25 Feb. 1968; K.V. Krombein leg.; FSUNS ID 04512; USNM ENT 00036564, USNM 2052372 • 1 ♂; Transvaal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.048&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.009" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.048/lat -26.009)">Fortuna Trail</a>, S of Barberton, N slope; 26.009° S, 31.048° E; 8 Apr. 1985; J.G.H. Londt leg.; bushveld; FSUNS ID 04284; NMSA • 1 ♀; Mpumalanga, Emgwenya (Waterval Boven), near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.326/lat -25.634)">Elandsrivier</a>; 25.634° S, 30.326° E; 6 Apr. 2018; Sanja Vujić leg.; FSUNS ZA5_242; FSUNS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; L,S. Forcada leg.; FSUNS ZA5_243; FSUNS.</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Original descriptions are insufficient, without any illustrations and based on a single female from South Africa (Curran 1939) and male and female types (Hull 1944).</p> <p>Length: large species, body 10–12 mm, wing 8–9 mm (n = 5).</p> <p>Male</p> <p>HEAD (Figs 4B, 9B, 11B, 12B). Antenna (Fig. 4B) reddish-brown; pedicel elongated, approximately as long as basoflagellomere (relation scape:pedicel: basoflagellomere =1.0: 2.5: 2.5); basoflagellomere concave dorsally, with acute apex; arista light brown to dark brown, thickened basally, 1.6 times as long as basoflagellomere. Face from black to dark brown, covered with gray pollinosity and whitish pile, except on bare medial vitta that occupies ¼ width of face. Oral margin protruded (Fig. 9B). Frons from black to reddish, inflated, covered with gray pollinosity and whitish pile. Vertical triangle and isosceles (Fig. 12B), usually dark brown, predominantly covered with a long, yellow pile. Ocellar triangle equilateral. Eye pile dense, gray, slightly longer than scape. Eye contiguity about 15–18 ommatidia long. Occiput reddish, pollinose, covered with yellow pile.</p> <p>THORAX (Figs 6B, 10B). Mesonotum black, except postpronotum and posterior margin of scutellum brown-reddish, covered with reddish-yellow pile; scutum with five pollinose longitudinal vittae (as on Fig. 10B). Pleuron black to dark brown, covered with gray pollinosity and the following parts with whitish to yellow pile: anterior part of proepimeron, posterior part of anterior anepisternum, most of the posterior anepisternum except anterior end, antero-ventral and postero-dorsal part of katepisternum, anepimeron, and metasternum. Wing hyaline, with dense microtrichia and yellow to brown veins. Calypter pale yellow. Halter with yellow pedicel and capitulum. All three femora dark brown to black; tibiae mostly reddish, medially black to dark brown; tarsi reddish (Fig. 6B). Metatrochanter without calcar. Metafemur moderately thickened, with less developed apicoventral triangular lamina, more or less dentate, the apical dens is distinct (Fig. 6B). Pile on legs predominantly whitish to yellow.</p> <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 5B). Black to dark brown. Tergum 1 black, usually pollinosed, covered with short whitish to yellow pile; tergum 2 with pollinose posterior margin and narrow medial fascia (in some specimens interrupted in the middle) covered with whitish pile except posterior half of tergum (between pollinose fasciae) covered with short black pilosity; terga 3 and 4 with pollinose posterior margin and broad medial pollinose fasciae (Fig. 5B); anterior half of tergum 3 covered with short black pile; tergum 4 covered with long golden-yellow pilosity (Fig. 5B). Sterna reddish-brown, covered with white or yellow pile.</p> <p>GENITALIA (Figs 13D–F, 18B). Posterior lobe of surstyle broad, slightly curved, almost parallel sided, with rounded apex (Fig. 13D: pl); anterior lobe of surstyle undeveloped (Fig. 13D); anterior margin of surstyle angular in lateral view (Fig. 13D: ams); cercus square like (Fig. 13D: c). Hypandrium with theca medially distinctly narrowed (Fig. 13F). Lateral sclerite of aedeagus small (Fig. 18B: s).</p> <p>Female (Figs 10B, 14B, 15B, 16B)</p> <p>Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism: metafemur usually with small apical dens on triangular lamina (Fig. 16B); frons with non pollinose medial vitta (Fig. 15B); vertex predominantly covered with black pile.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Hull (1944) described Merodon apimima “related to multifasciatus Curran in type of femoral armament and abdominal fascia; distinct in the black front, yellow pilose vertex and, brown humeri, absence of red on second abdominal segment, beside other details of pattern” based on six males and one female. All these characters mentioned in original description can be regarded as intraspecific variability of M. multifasciatus. Based on our study of the type material of both species, we regard M. apimima as a junior synonym of M. multifasciatus.</p> <p>In the original description of species, Hull (1944) did not state the etymology of the species name, so we cannot conclude whether he treated “ apimima ” as a noun or an adjective. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Article 31.2.2) (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999) if the author does not indicate whether the species name is a noun or an adjective, as in this case, it has to be treated as a noun. When the species name is a noun simple or compound, in apposition, it does not need to agree in gender with the generic name, therefore the original spelling has to be retained (Article 34.2.1). In some references (Smith &amp; Vockeroth 1980; Dirickx 1988) M. apimimus is used because authors considered “ apimima ” to be an adjective. But in Systema Dipterorum (Evenhuis &amp; Pape 2020), which is the most comprehensive database related to the Syrphidae, the original spelling of M. apimima is applied.</p> <p>Period of flight and distribution (Fig. 1)</p> <p>This species occurs in Malawi, the Republic of South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo. On the basis of our data, the flight period was found to be throughout the whole year. Merodon multifasciatus was found in deciduous forest-woodland savanna and brush-grass savanna.</p> <p>Larval biology</p> <p>The material from Nylstroom (17 Feb. 1908) was bred from bulbs of Gladiolus (immature stages undescribed). Specimens collected in Emgwenya (Waterval Boven) (6 Apr. 2018) were found on flowers of different plant species inside a small spot (20 × 40 m) with the natural population of Gladiolus sericeovillosus Hook., along a small periodical spring. It is a strong indication that this plant is the primary host for larvae of M. multifasciatus.</p> <p>Flower visited</p> <p>During our fileldwork, adults of M. multifasciatus were observed visiting flowers of Nidorella auriculata DC. in Emgwenya (Waterval Boven) (Fig. 26).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1EFFEA2B55DA55FE6DFD12FDC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić;Likov, Laura;Tot, Tamara;Veselić, Sanja;Djan, Mihajla	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja, Djan, Mihajla (2021): Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies. European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1): 88-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
E07B6D1EFFF22B58DA0AFEFEFEBDFE0F.text	E07B6D1EFFF22B58DA0AFEFEFEBDFE0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon nasicus Bezzi 1915	<div><p>Merodon nasicus Bezzi, 1915</p> <p>Figs 1, 4F, 5F, 6F, 9F, 10F, 11F, 12F, 14E, 15E, 16E, 18D, 19D–F, 20, 23A–B</p> <p>Merodon nasicus Bezzi, 1915: 102 (type locality: Kenya, Njoro).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Small (6–7 mm), black species with narrow, white pollinose, tergal fasciae. Oral margin distinctly protruded (Fig. 9F); face and frons without pollinosity, except narrow vitta along eye margins; terga 2–4 with medial pollinose fasciae (Figs 5F, 14E); tergum 4 covered with whitish to yellowish pile; male genitalia with S-shaped posterior lobe of surstyle, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 19D: pl), anterior margin of surstyle rounded in lateral view (Fig. 19D: ams). Differs from Merodon bombiformis, M. vittatus sp. nov., M. multifasciatus and M. zebra Vujić &amp; Radenković sp. nov. by absence of distinct pollinose vittae on scutum (conspicuous in these four species); narrow medial pollinose fasciae on terga 3 and 4 (broad in M. vittatus sp. nov., M. multifasciatus and M. zebra sp. nov.) and male genitalia with moderately broad posterior lobe of surstylus, narrower than in M. multifasciatus, but broader than in M. vittatus sp. nov. and M. zebra sp. nov. (Figs 7A, D: pl, 19D: pl). Similar to M. lotus sp. nov. from which differs in presence of distinct medial pollinose fasciae on terga 2 and 3 (absent in males and indistinct in female of M. lotus sp. nov.) and more protruded oral margin (Fig. 9E–F).</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here by A. Vujić) KENYA • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.917/lat -0.37)">Njoro</a>, about 140 km NW of Nairobi; 0.37° S, 35.917° E; 2322 m a.s.l.; date unknown; A.J. Cholmley leg.; BMNH NHMUK010369943.</p> <p>Bezzi published the Syrphidae of the Ethiopian Region with the descriptions of two new species, Merodon planifacies and M. melanocerus (Bezzi 1915). In the same work, he presented diagnostic characters for, and notes on, the third Ethiopian species, M. nasicus, referring to 1914 as the year of its description (Bezzi 1915: 102), based on material from Eritrea in the collections of the Hungarian Museum. Bezzi (1915) also stated that there was a single female specimen of this species from Njoro, in British East Africa. Subsequently, in the Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region (Smith &amp; Vockeroth 1980), and in the Diptera Database (Evenhuis &amp; Pape 2020), this Njoro specimen was erroneously considered as the holotype. Shortly after his 1915 monograph, Bezzi published a description of Lampetia (Merodon) nasica (Bezzi 1921), based on a male and female from Eritrea in the collection of the Hungarian Museum. This is actually the unpublished description from 1914 (Bezzi 1915). However, based on International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), the oldest available name for a taxon is its valid name, therefore the publication with the first appearance of the name of the taxon (Bezzi 1915) should be considered as valid. Following from this conclusion, in addition to specimens from Eritrea, cited in both publications (Bezzi 1915, 1921), one female specimen from Kenya (Bezzi 1915), deposited in BMNH, also belongs to the syntype series. The Diptera collection in the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest, including the syntypes from Eritrea, was destroyed by a fire in 1956. However, in order to stabilize nomenclature should additional specimens of the type series be found, we designate the specimen from BMNH as lectotype.</p> <p>Additional material</p> <p>BURUNDI • 1 ♂; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.619&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.951" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.619/lat -3.951)">Bururi</a>; 3.951° S, 29.619° E; 1950 m a.s.l.; 20 Mar. 1949; F.J. François leg.; FSUNS ID 21976; RBINS.</p> <p>ETHIOPIA • 1 ♂; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.458/lat 7.779)">Welo Gondi</a>, 60 km SW Lalibela; 7.779° N, 35.458° E; 2485 m a.s.l.; 9 Oct. 2005; A. Freidberg leg.; FSUNS ID 04972; TAUI.</p> <p>ERITREA • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.816" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.383/lat 14.816)">Adi Keyh</a> (on eastern slope of Ethiopian highlands); 14.816° N, 39.383° E; 2442 m a.s.l.; Sep. 1902; Dr A. Andreini leg.; LSF.</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Original description without any illustrations was based on single male and female (Bezzi 1921).</p> <p>Length: small sized species, body 6–7 mm, wing 5–6 mm (n =2).</p> <p>Male</p> <p>HEAD (Figs 4F, 9F, 11F, 12F). Antenna (Fig. 4F) reddish-brown; pedicel elongated, approximately as long as basoflagellomere (relation scape: pedicel: basoflagellomere =1.0: 3.0: 3.0); basoflagellomere concave dorsally, with acute apex; arista reddish-brown, thickened basally, 1.3 times as long as basoflagellomere. Face black, without pollinosity, except along eye margins and covered with whitish to yellowish pile, except on bare medial vitta that occupies ½ width of face. Oral margin strongly protruded (Fig. 9F). Frons black, without gray pollinosity, except eye margins, covered with whitish to yellowish pile. Vertical triangle isosceles (Fig. 12F), usually dark brown, predominantly covered with a long, yellow pile. Ocellar triangle equilateral. Eye pile black in upper half and gray in lower, as long as scape. Eye contiguity about 15–18 ommatidia long. Occiput black, partly pollinose, covered with yellowish to whitish pile.</p> <p>THORAX (Fig. 6F). Mesonotum dark brown, covered with light yellowish to yellowish pile; scutum without or with indistinct pollinose longitudinal vittae; postpronotum and anterior margin of scutum with sparse gray pollinosity. Pleuron dark brown, covered with gray pollinosity and the following parts with whitish to yellow pile: anterior part of proepimeron, posterior part of anterior anepisternum, most of the posterior anepisternum except anterior end, antero-ventral and postero-dorsal part of katepisternum, anepimeron, metasternum. Wing hyaline, mostly covered with microtrichia; veins yellow to brown. Calypter pale yellow. Halter with yellow pedicel and capitulum. All three femora dark brown to black, except reddish apex; tibiae mostly reddish, medially dark brown; basal three tarsomeres yellowish to reddish, the rest blackish (Fig. 6F). Metatrochanter without calcar. Metafemur moderately thickened, with less developed apicoventral triangular lamina, more or less dentate, the apical dens is distinct (Fig. 6F). Pile on legs predominantly whitish to yellow.</p> <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 5F). Dark brown with yellow to whitish-yellow pile on lateral margins. Tergum 1 usually with pollinosity at least laterally, covered with short pile; tergum 2 with narrow medial fascia interrupted in the middle, covered with whitish pile; tergum 2 medially mostly covered with short black pilosity; terga 3 and 4 with or without narrow pollinose posterior margin and distinct medial fascia interrupted in the middle; tergum 3 covered with short black pile medially; tergum 4 covered with longer whitish to yellowish pilosity, except few black pile in anterior half. Brown sterna pollinose, covered with white or yellow pile.</p> <p>GENITALIA (Figs 18D, 19D–F). Posterior lobe of surstyle moderately broad, bent, S-shaped, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 19D: pl); anterior lobe of surstyle undeveloped (Fig. 19D); anterior margin of surstyle rounded in lateral view (Fig. 19D: ams); cercus square like (Fig. 19D: c). Hypandrium with theca medially distinctly narrowed (Fig. 19F). Lateral sclerite of aedeagus small, pointed (Fig. 18D: s).</p> <p>Female (Figs 14E, 15E, 16E, 20)</p> <p>Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism: metafemur usually with very small apical dens on triangular lamina (Figs 16E, 20B); frons with non pollinose medial vitta (Fig. 15E); vertex shiny, non pollinose, mostly covered with black pile.</p> <p>Period of flight and distribution (Fig. 1)</p> <p>Merodon nasicus is known from Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Burundi. On the basis of our data, the flight period was found to be in March and from September to October. This species occurs only on high mountains at elevation between 2000 and 2500 m a.s.l. in vegetation of montane forest-tundra (Sayre et al. 2013).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1EFFF22B58DA0AFEFEFEBDFE0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić;Likov, Laura;Tot, Tamara;Veselić, Sanja;Djan, Mihajla	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja, Djan, Mihajla (2021): Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies. European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1): 88-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
E07B6D1EFFFE2B5EDA44FE14FC81FE6D.text	E07B6D1EFFFE2B5EDA44FE14FC81FE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon vittatus Vujic & Likov 2021	<div><p>Merodon vittatus Vujić &amp; Likov sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 591CEDD4-80E4-4978-B13E-3F66511C9026</p> <p>Figs 1, 4C, 5C, 6C, 7D–F, 8B, 9C, 10C, 11C, 12C, 18C, 21E</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Brown, large (12 mm), striped species, with golden yellow pile on the tip of abdomen (Fig. 5C); frons and postpronotum dark brown; scutum with five pollinose vittae (Fig. 10C); metafemur with distinct apical thorn on triangular process (Figs 6C, 8B); terga 3 and 4 with broad medial pollinose fasciae (Fig. 5C). Similar to Merodon multifasciatus from which differs only in male genitalia with narrow, S-shaped posterior lobe of surstyle, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 7D: pl) (in M. multifasciatus broad, slightly curved, with almost parallel sides and rounded apex (Fig. 13D: pl).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific epithet ‘ vittatus ’ ‘wearing or carrying a vitta’, an adjective, refering to the broad golden gray fasciae on the terga 2–4.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype GHANA • 1 ♂; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.853" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.433/lat 6.853)">Transvolta Togoland</a>, Amedzofe; 6.853° N, 0.433° E; 2 Nov. 1959; N.D. Jago leg.; FSUNS ID 04085; NBCN.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: large species, body 12 mm, wing 8.5 mm (n = 1).</p> <p>Male</p> <p>HEAD (Figs 4C, 9C, 11C, 12C). Antenna (Fig. 4C) reddish-yellow; pedicel elongated, approximately as long as basoflagellomere (relation scape:pedicel: basoflagellomere =1.0: 2.5: 2.5); basoflagellomere concave dorsally, with acute apex; arista yellow to reddish, thickened basally, 1.7 times as long as basoflagellomere. Face dark brown, covered with gray pollinosity and whitish pile, except on bare medial vitta that occupies ¼ width of face. Oral margin protruded (Fig. 9C). Frons dark brown, inflated, covered with gray pollinosity and whitish pile. Vertical triangle isosceles (Fig. 12C), reddish, covered with a long, whitish pile. Ocellar triangle equilateral. Eye pile dense, gray, slightly longer than scape. Eye contiguity about 15 ommatidia long. Occiput reddish-brown, pollinose, covered with a whitish pile.</p> <p>THORAX (Figs 6C, 8B, 10C). Mesonotum black, except lateral side of scutum including postpronotum, postalar callus, and posterior margin of scutellum red-brown; covered with grayish-yellow pile; scutum with five pollinose longitudinal vittae (Fig. 10C). Pleuron black to dark brown, covered with gray pollinosity and the following parts with whitish to yellow pile: anterior part of proepimeron, posterior part of anterior anepisternum, most of the posterior anepisternum except anterior end, antero-ventral and postero-dorsal part of katepisternum and anepimeron. Wing hyaline, with dense microtrichia and yellow to brown veins. Calypter pale yellow. Halter with pale yellow pedicel and capitulum. All three femora dark brown; tibiae mostly reddish, medially dark brown; tarsi reddish (Figs 6C, 8B). Metatrochanter without calcar. Metafemur moderately thickened, with less developed apicoventral triangular lamina, more or less dentate, the apical dens is distinct (Figs 6C, 8B). Pile on legs predominantly whitish to yellow.</p> <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 5C). Black to dark brown. Tergum 1 with gray pollinosity, covered with black basal sockets of pile and with short pale yellow pile; tergum 2 with pollinose posterior margin and narrow medial fascia, interrupted in the middle, covered with pale yellow pile; terga 3 and 4 with pollinose posterior margin and broad medial fasciae (Fig. 5C); tergum 3 covered with pale yellow pile except anterior half with few short black pile; tergum 4 covered with long golden-yellow pilosity (Fig. 5C). Sterna reddish-brown, covered with pale yellow pile.</p> <p>GENITALIA (Figs 7D–F, 18C). Posterior lobe of surstyle S-shaped, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 7D: pl); anterior margin of surstyle angular (Fig. 7D: ams); cercus elongated (Fig. 7D: c). Hypandrium with theca medially distinctly narrowed (Fig. 7F). Lateral sclerite of aedeagus small (Fig. 18C: s).</p> <p>Female</p> <p>Unknown.</p> <p>Period of flight and distribution (Fig. 1)</p> <p>Only the holotype is known, which originated from Ghana and was collected in November. It was found in a deciduous forest-woodland savanna type of vegetation.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1EFFFE2B5EDA44FE14FC81FE6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić;Likov, Laura;Tot, Tamara;Veselić, Sanja;Djan, Mihajla	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja, Djan, Mihajla (2021): Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies. European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1): 88-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
E07B6D1EFFF82B63DA7CFDF6FB24FDF7.text	E07B6D1EFFF82B63DA7CFDF6FB24FDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon zebra Vujic & Radenkovic 2021	<div><p>Merodon zebra Vujić &amp; Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9B6ABB0D-7FF4-4217-9C23-FBD06F8D80F1</p> <p>Figs 1, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7A–C, 9D, 10D, 11D, 12D, 14C, 15C, 16C, 22D–F</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Large (10–12 mm), dark, striped species, with golden-yellow pile on the tip of abdomen (Fig. 5C). Scutum with conspicuous pollinose vittae (Fig. 10D); metafemur with medium sized apical dens on triangular lamina (Figs 6D, 16D); terga 3 and 4 with broad medial pollinose fasciae (Fig. 5D); male genitalia with S-shaped posterior lobe of surstyle, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 7A: pl); anterior margin of surstyle rounded in lateral view (Fig. 7A: ams). Similar to Merodon vittatus sp. nov. and M. multifasciatus from which differs in less distinct dens on apicoventral triangular lamina of metafemur; shorter eye contiguity, about 10 ommatidia long, while in M. vittatus sp. nov. is about 15, and in M. multifasciatus about 15–20; and shape of male genitalia (rounded anterior margin of surstyle (Fig. 7A: ams), in M. vittatus sp. nov. angular in lateral view (Fig. 7D: ams); narrow, S-shaped posterior lobe of surstyle, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 7A: pl), in M. multifasciatus broad, slightly curved, with almost parallel and rounded apex (Fig. 13D: pl).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific epithet ‘zebra’ was given as a reference to the African equine, zebra with a distinctive black and white striped coat, pattern like in this Merodon species. It is to be treated as a noun in apposition. The name ‘zebra’ was proposed by W. Hurkmans in an unpublished manuscript, but unfortunately the designated holotype belongs to M. multifasciatus. We decided to keep this descriptive name for this African endemic.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO • 1 ♂; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.427&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.589" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.427/lat -11.589)">Lubumbashi</a> (former Elisabethville); 11.589° S, 27.427° E; 4 Feb. 1923; Dr M. Bequaert leg.; FSUNS ID 25089; RMCA.</p> <p>Paratypes DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.919&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.809" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.919/lat -7.809)">Lualaba River</a>; 7.809° S, 26.919° E; 562 m a.s.l.; 2500–4000 ft; 17 May 1907; S.A. Neave leg.; FSUNS ID 03314, 03911; BMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 30 May 1907; FSUNS ID 03912; NBCN AM-05-073 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 03316, 03910; BMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 31 May 1907; FSUNS ID 03315; BMNH • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.666/lat -4.45)">Kasongo</a>; 4.45° S, 26.666° E, 661 m a.s.l; 7 Nov. 1912; Dr M. Bequaert leg.; FSUNS ID 25090; RMCA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 16 Jan. 1921; FSUNS ID 25091; RMCA • 1 ♂; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.427&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.589" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.427/lat -11.589)">Lubumbashi</a> (former Elisabethville), R. Kimilol; 11.589° S, 27.427° E; Dec. 1928; Dr M. Bequaert leg.; FSUNS ID 05174; NBCN.</p> <p>TANZANIA • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.949" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.934/lat -10.949)">Tanganyika Territory</a> (former), Ugano, Matengo Highland WSW of Songea; 10.949° S, 34.934° E; 1500–1700 m a.s.l.; 11–20 Jan. 1936; H. Zerny leg.; FSUNS ID 05725; NHMW.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: large species, body 10–12 mm, wing 7–8 mm (n = 4).</p> <p>Male</p> <p>HEAD (Figs 4D, 9D, 11D, 12D). Antenna (Fig. 4D) reddish-brown; pedicel elongated, approximately as long as basoflagellomere (relation scape:pedicel: basoflagellomere =1.0: 2.5: 2.5); basoflagellomere concave dorsally, with acute apex; arista light brown to dark brown, thickened basally, 1.6 times as long as basoflagellomere. Face from black to dark brown, covered with gray pollinosity and whitish pile, except on bare medial vitta that occupies ¼ width of face. Oral margin protruded (Fig. 9D). Frons from black to reddish, inflated, covered with gray pollinosity and whitish pile. Vertical triangle isosceles (Fig. 12D), usually dark brown, predominantly covered with a long, yellow pile. Ocellar triangle equilateral. Eye pile dense, gray, slightly longer than scape. Eye contiguity about 10 ommatidia long. Occiput reddish, pollinose, covered with yellow pile.</p> <p>THORAX (Figs 6D, 10D). Mesonotum black, except postpronotum and posterior margin of scutellum brown-reddish, covered with reddish-yellow pile; scutum with five pollinose longitudinal vittae (as on Fig. 10D). Pleuron black to dark brown, covered with gray pollinosity and the following parts with whitish to yellow pile: anterior part of proepimeron, posterior part of anterior anepisternum, most of the posterior anepisternum except anterior end, antero-ventral and postero-dorsal part of katepisternum, anepimeron and metasternum. Wing hyaline, with dense microtrichia and yellow to brown veins. Calypter pale yellow. Halter with yellow pedicel and capitulum. All three femora dark brown to black; tibiae mostly reddish, medially black to dark brown; tarsi reddish, except darker apical two tarsomeres (Fig. 6D). Metatrochanter without calcar. Metafemur moderately thickened, with less developed apicoventral triangular lamina, more or less dentate, the apical dens is distinct (Fig. 6D). Pile on legs predominantly whitish to yellow.</p> <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 5D). Black to dark brown. Tergum 1 black, usually with pollinosity, covered with short whitish to yellow pile; tergum 2 with pollinose posterior margin and narrow medial fascia, in some specimens interrupted in the middle, with whitish pile except posterior half between pollinose fasciae covered with short black pilosity; terga 3 and 4 with pollinose posterior margin and broad medial fasciae; anterior half of tergum 3 covered with short black pile; tergum 4 covered with long golden yellow pilosity. Sterna reddish-brown, covered with white or yellow pile.</p> <p>GENITALIA (Figs 3D, 7A–C). Posterior lobe of surstyle narrow, bent, S-shaped, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 7A: pl); anterior lobe of surstyle undeveloped (Fig. 7A); anterior margin of surstyle rounded in lateral view (Fig. 7A: ams); cercus square like (Fig. 7A: c). Hypandrium with theca medially distinctly narrowed (Fig. 7C: marked with arrow). Lateral sclerite of aedeagus small (Fig. 3D: s).</p> <p>Female (Figs 14C, 15C, 16C)</p> <p>Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism: metafemur usually with small apical dens on triangular lamina (Fig. 16C); frons with non pollinose medial vitta (Fig. 15C); vertex shiny, non pollinose, mostly covered with black pile.</p> <p>Period of flight and distribution (Fig. 1)</p> <p>Merodon zebra sp. nov. occurs in central parts of Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania); the flight period may extend over the whole year and probably depends on local circumstances. It appears in a deciduous forest-woodland savanna type of vegetation (Sayre et al. 2013).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1EFFF82B63DA7CFDF6FB24FDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić;Likov, Laura;Tot, Tamara;Veselić, Sanja;Djan, Mihajla	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja, Djan, Mihajla (2021): Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies. European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1): 88-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
E07B6D1EFFC52B61D9A1FD69FD9DFC7A.text	E07B6D1EFFC52B61D9A1FD69FD9DFC7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon edentulus Macquart 1855	<div><p>Merodon edentulus Macquart, 1855 nom. dub., stat. rev.</p> <p>Merodon edentulus Macquart, 1855: 90.</p> <p>This name was introduced by Macquart (1855) based on a single specimen from South Africa. The type material is lost. Curran (1939) stated that this can scarcely be a Merodon because it is said to have no thorn (lamina) on the metafemur. Type locality is Cape of Good Hope (RSA) from where no specimen of Merodon was collected. The description is insufficient, even for an identification to the genus level. In the same publication, Macquart (1855) described one other exotic Merodon from South America, Merodon angustiventris Macquart, 1855 which was re-identified as a member of the genus Quichuana Knab, 1913 (Thompson 1988). Therefore, we regard the name Merodon edentulus to be a nomen dubium.</p> <p>Variability of species in the Merodon bombiformis group</p> <p>A variability in shape of the triangular lamina of the metafemur is present in most of the species of the Merodon bombiformis group, as seen in figures of M. bombiformis (Fig. 21A–D), M. lotus sp. nov. (Fig. 22A–C) M. multifasciatus (Fig. 21F–H), M. nasicus (Fig. 23A–B) and M. zebra sp. nov. (Fig. 22D– F). The triangular lamina is more or less dentate, and the apical dens is distinct (M. bombiformis, M. multifasciatus, M. vittatus sp. nov.) or less distinct, as in M. lotus sp. nov. and M. nasicus. A scutum with conspicuous pollinose vittae, and terga with pollinose posterior margin and medial fasciae, are characters present in most species, except M. lotus sp. nov., characterized by the absence of pollinosity on thorax and abdomen (in females a pair of indistinct pollinose fasciae on tergum 4). Width and shape of vittae and fasciae on scutum and terga vary, especially in M. multifasciatus, M. nasicus and M. zebra sp. nov. The colour of the postpronotum, lateral sides of scutum, frons and face in M. multifasciatus vary from reddish-brown to black. Specimens from the south of the range (RSA) are darker than individuals from northern parts (Central Africa).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1EFFC52B61D9A1FD69FD9DFC7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić;Likov, Laura;Tot, Tamara;Veselić, Sanja;Djan, Mihajla	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja, Djan, Mihajla (2021): Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies. European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1): 88-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
E07B6D1EFFC62B60D8D0FEFFFA81FA36.text	E07B6D1EFFC62B60D8D0FEFFFA81FA36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon bombiformis Hull 1944	<div><p>Key to the species of the Merodon bombiformis species group</p> <p>Female of M. vittatus sp. nov. is unknown.</p> <p>1. Species with reddish-yellow/golden face, frons (Figs 9A, 15A), lateral sides of scutum (Figs 10A, 14A) and most of terga (Figs 5A, 14A); oral margin reduced (Fig. 9A); antennal segments very short (Fig. 4A)...................................................................................... Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944</p> <p>− Species with mostly dark face, frons, lateral sides of scutum and most of terga; oral margin protruded (Fig. 9B–F); antennal segments longer (Fig. 4B–F)......................................................................... 2</p> <p>2. Large, dark/brownish species (body length 10–14 mm) with distinct pollinose fasciae on terga 2–4 covered with whitish to yellow pile (Figs 5B–D, 14B–C); tergum 4 with broad medial pollinose fasciae; scutum with five longitudinal pollinose vittae; face dark, mostly covered with gray pollinosity......................................................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>− Smaller, black species (body length 6–9 mm) without or with less distinct pollinose fasciae on terga 2–4 (Fig. 5E–F); tergum 4 with less distinct medial pollinose fasciae; scutum without or with indistinct pollinose vittae; face shiny black without pollinosity...................................................... 5</p> <p>3. Metafemur with shorter and less dense pilosity, especially ventro-laterally (Figs 6B–C, 16B); eye contiguity longer, more than 15 ommatidia long; anterior margin of surstyle angular in lateral view (Figs 7D, 13D).................................................................................................................................. 4</p> <p>− Metafemur with long and dense pilosity, especially ventro-laterally (Figs 6D, 16C); eye contiguity shorter, about 10 ommatidia long; anterior margin of surstyle rounded in lateral view (Fig. 7A: ams)........................................................................................ Merodon zebra Vujić &amp; Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>4. Male genitalia with narrow, S-shaped posterior lobe of surstyle, gradually narrowing toward tip (Fig. 7D) (female unknown).............................................. Merodon vittatus Vujić &amp; Likov sp. nov.</p> <p>− Male genitalia with broad posterior lobe of surstyle, slightly curved, with almost parallel sides and rounded apex (Fig. 13D)........................................................ Merodon multifasciatus Curran, 1939</p> <p>5. Terga 2–4 without pollinosity, only with medial fasciae of whitish pile (Figs 5E, 14D) (in female a pair of indistinct pollinose fasciae on tergum 4).......... Merodon lotus Vujić &amp; Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>− Terga 2–4 with pairs of medial pollinose fasciae, covered with whitish to yellowish pile (Figs 5F, 14E)..................................................................................................... Merodon nasicus Bezzi, 1915</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1EFFC62B60D8D0FEFFFA81FA36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić;Likov, Laura;Tot, Tamara;Veselić, Sanja;Djan, Mihajla	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja, Djan, Mihajla (2021): Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies. European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1): 88-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
