identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F687E0FF81FC4FFF02FEBE5C83FC47.text	03F687E0FF81FC4FFF02FEBE5C83FC47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophotettiginae Hancock 1909	<div><p>Subfamily Lophotettiginae Hancock, 1909</p> <p>New diagnosis: Small to large size for family standard (10 ‒ 1 6 mm). Antennas inserted a little before the eyes with 11 to 14 segments, usually flattened but not foliaceous, laterally expanding from the base to the apex having an incrassate shape, with a distinguishable acute apical segment, if it does not have this shape, at least the last three segments expand, last two segments are white or pale brown. Face quadrangular in front view. Facial carinae arched (lateral view), fusiform and forming broad scutellum (frontal view) and slightly long, thick and forked (dorsal view). Eye socket space wide, two to three times the width of one eye in frontal view; eyes locating to the sides of the head, rising slightly and protruding to the sides; ocelli conspicuous, the lateral ocelli located towards the upper margin of the sides of the facial carinae, central ocellus located on the lower edge of the scutellum. Pronotum not extending towards the front of the head, with different degrees of development from compresso-cristated median carina or a leaf-like crest to even with the median carina slightly raised in a hump-like shape. Lateral lobe of pronotum is located sideways and with the apex not pointed or spine-shaped; the posterior margin of lateral lobe wavy in a rounded medial prolongation. Fore and mid femora carinated; hind femur robust, carinated and/or with lappets or not.</p> <p>Taxa included: Lophotettix Hancock, 1909 (type genus) and Phelene Bolívar, 1906 stat. resurr.</p> <p>Distribution: The species are distributed in the Amazon and areas with its influence such as the foothills of the eastern plains in Colombia. Only one species is distributed in Mesoamerica, more precisely in Costa Rica and possibly to the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena ecoregion.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687E0FF81FC4FFF02FEBE5C83FC47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Buitrago, Oscar;García, Alexander García;Tumbrinck, Josef	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Buitrago, Oscar, García, Alexander García, Tumbrinck, Josef (2021): Review of the status of the genus Phelene stat. resurr. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae Lophotettiginae) and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 355-365, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.6
03F687E0FF81FC4FFF02FB825BEEF9E6.text	03F687E0FF81FC4FFF02FB825BEEF9E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophotettiginae Hancock 1909	<div><p>Key to Lophotettiginae genera and species</p> <p>1. Antennae with 11 segments moderately or noticeably expanded, at least from the fifth or sixth antennal segment to the apex. Mid-line of pronotum usually elevated as a crest, at least one-third of its length. Pronotum and legs with conspicuous granules. Middle femora carinated; hind femora robust, carinated and/or with lappets. Robust appearance (Fig. 1)..... Lophotettix.... 2</p> <p>‒ Antennae with more than 11 segments, mostly not expanded, and if so, only moderately in the last three or two segments (Figs. 2C, 5B). Mid-line of pronotum generally not elevated, if so, only moderately hump-shaped at meso and metathorax level (Figs. 2, 3B, 4). Pronotum and legs generally smooth, without conspicuous granulations. Middle femora slightly carinated; hind femora robust, carinated and without lappets. Slender appearance (Figs. 2, 4)....... Phelene stat resurr....................6</p> <p>2. Shape of pronotum crest rounded in lateral view (Fig. 1A, B)................................................... 3</p> <p>‒ Shape of pronotum crest almost subquadrate in lateral view (Figs. 1C ‒ E)......................................... 4</p> <p>3. Crest directed forwards (Fig. 1A)............................................................. L. brevicristatus</p> <p>‒ Crest directed backward (Fig. 1B)................................................................ L. zumbadoi</p> <p>4. Anterior margin of pronotum over the head not hook-like..................................................... 5</p> <p>‒ Anterior margin of pronotum over the head arcuated, with projection hook-like (Fig. 1C).................. L. unicristatus</p> <p>5. Anterior margin of pronotum over the head straight (Fig. 1D)........................................ L. alticristatus</p> <p>‒ Anterior margin of pronotum over the head slightly concave (Fig. 1E).................................... L. hancocki</p> <p>6. Predominantly coloration brown, mid-line of pronotum raised in the shape of a dromedary hump at the level of the meso and metathorax (Figs. 2, 3)................................................................... P. turgida stat. rev.</p> <p>‒ Predominantly coloration black, mid-line of pronotum not elevated (Figs. 4, 5)........................ P. maroon n. sp.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687E0FF81FC4FFF02FB825BEEF9E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Buitrago, Oscar;García, Alexander García;Tumbrinck, Josef	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Buitrago, Oscar, García, Alexander García, Tumbrinck, Josef (2021): Review of the status of the genus Phelene stat. resurr. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae Lophotettiginae) and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 355-365, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.6
03F687E0FF81FC4EFF02F9225FB3FB2F.text	03F687E0FF81FC4EFF02F9225FB3FB2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phelene Bolivar 1906	<div><p>Phelene Bolívar, 1906 stat. resurr.</p> <p>Nephele Bolívar, 1887 (preoccupied)</p> <p>Gladiotettix Hancock, 1907 syn. (Kirby, 1910 and Uvarov, 1940)</p> <p>Redescription. Body slightly granulate, slim and elongated (Figs. 2, 4). Head: frontal costa bifurcation located near the top of the vertex, between the compound eyes; scutellum slightly narrow, with carinae subparallel moderately separated; lower margin of the antennal grooves located between of the lower margin of the compound eyes (Figs. 3A, 5A); eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface and straight ventral margin (in lateral view) and exerted at level of pronotum; antennae 13–14 segmented, mostly filiform with the six first segments shorts and the others elongated, last three or two segments flattened and slightly expanded; vertex very wide and flat in dorsal view, median carinae absent (Figs. 2C, 5B). Facial outline sub-vertical, waving between the connection of the facial carinae and the frontal carinae. Fastigium of vertex not reaching the most anterior margin of the eyes, usually well behind this point, truncate from above; fastigio-fascial angle rounded; frontal costa short and connected with the facial carinae and reaching near the middle of the face; palpi with first three segments cylindrical and last two rounded and flattened, with the same color as the predominant coloration of the body (Figs. 3, 4A, 5A). Pronotum: slender, surpassing the tip of hind femora (macropronotal), pronotal disc flat or with a hump at meso and metathorax level; anterior margin straight not produced, humeral angles obtuse, lateral shoulder carina rounded; lateral lobe sub-triangulated and not pointed apex; infra-scapular area slim and short; apex of pronotum truncated (Figs. 2, 4). Wings: tegmina oblong and spotless; hind wings surpassing the abdomen tip (Figs 2A, 3B, 4A). Legs: fore and mid legs elongate, dorsal and ventral margin carinated and without dorso-apical spine; hind femur without lappets and with an antegenicular tooth developed, although less conspicuous than Lophotettix; chevrons ridges in the external surface well visible with six to seven ridges. Hind tibia dorsally serrulated and having the apex slightly dilated; first segment of the hind tarsus longer than the third one. Terminalia: penultimate male sternite rounded at apex; male subgenital plate slender with apex slightly divided, cerci conical and straight. Ovipositor valves slim, straight and slightly serrulated on its margins; female subgenital plate emarginated along ventro-apical edge (Fig. 3B).</p> <p>Taxa included. P. turgida (Bolívar, 1887) stat. rev. (type species by subsequent monotypy) and P. maroon n. sp.</p> <p>Comments. In the original description of the genus (Bolívar, 1887), two species were included Nephele turgida and Tetrix asmodaeus Serville, 1838 (currently Pterotettix asmodaeus (Serville, 1838)). Later, Bolívar (1906) changed the name to Phelene (preoccupied Nephele of Hübner 1819 (Lepidoptera)), but Hancock (1909) and Bruner (1910), did not notice this change and changed the name of Nephele by Gladiotettix. Although Kirby (1910) and Uvarov (1940) made the respective correction independently. Recently, Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda (2015) synonymized Phelene under Chiriquia, due to the similarity in habitus with some species of this genus such as Chiriquia mirifica Hebard, 1924. But studying again the type specimens of P. turgida, the affiliation of the genus with Lophotettiginae is corroborated, and the similarity in habitus with Chiriquia, it is only one of the many cases of convergence between the different tetrigids groups. Phelene stat. resurr. is revalidated, including its only one species and a new species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687E0FF81FC4EFF02F9225FB3FB2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Buitrago, Oscar;García, Alexander García;Tumbrinck, Josef	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Buitrago, Oscar, García, Alexander García, Tumbrinck, Josef (2021): Review of the status of the genus Phelene stat. resurr. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae Lophotettiginae) and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 355-365, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.6
03F687E0FF80FC4BFF02FB6B5EA8F853.text	03F687E0FF80FC4BFF02FB6B5EA8F853.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phelene turgida (Bolivar 1887) Cadena-Castañeda & Díaz & Silva & Buitrago & García & Tumbrinck 2021	<div><p>Phelene turgida (Bolívar, 1887) stat. rev.</p> <p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:470808</p> <p>(Figs. 2‒ 3)</p> <p>Type specimens. Lectoype (here designated): ♂ Peru, Alto Amazonas; Staunding (Cat. Tipos N ° 141. MNCN _ Ent 245677) (MNCN). Paralectotypes (here designated): ♂ same data as lectotype. (Cat. Tipos N ° 142. MNCN _ Ent 245678), ♀ same data as lectotype. (Cat. Tipos N ° 143. MNCN _ Ent 245679) (MNCN).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. General coloration of the body brown, with small black and whitish spots of medium size scattered in the midline of the pronotal disc, fore and mid femora. Each granule on the body with a small whitish spot; the basal half of the third tarsomere of all legs white. Eyes reddish-brown and ocelli yellowish. Hind wings with brown venation and the space between the medial vein and the anal margin with bright greenish streaks (Fig. 2). Head: eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule, fastigium of the vertex straight in dorsal view and not prolonged in side-view (Fig. 3A). Pronotum mostly flat extending beyond the tip of the abdomen and overcoming noticeably the length of the hind femora, with a hump at the level of the meso and metathorax; lateral lobes of the pronotum a little wider than long; lateral shoulder carina rounded and moderately prolonged (Fig. 2A, C). Wings. Tegmina oblong, extending to the base of the first abdominal tergite (Fig. 2B). Legs slender, moderately long; hind femora with a pre-genicular spine little-developed. Abdomen. Subgenital plate slender mid-sized with the dorsal edge straight, epiproct ovoid longer than wide; cerci cylindrical and tapering towards the tip; penultimate abdominal sternite rounded.</p> <p>Female. Similar to the male in color and structure, but differing from the male in the ambisexual characters (Fig. 3B): subgenital plate as long as wide, with a median prolongation, ovipositor elongated and with thin valves; cerci conical tapering from base to apex.</p> <p>Measurements (in mm): Males. CFP: 10.7-11. PL: 10.5-11. PLB: 1-1.2. FF: 1.5-1.8. FL: 1.5-1.8. MFL: 1.8-2. MTL: 1.5-1.8. HL: 3.5-3.8. HW: 1-1.3. HL: 3.5-3.8. Female. CFP: 12. PL: 11.5. PLB: 1.2. FF: 1.8. FL: 2. MFL: 2.2. MTL: 1.8. HL: 4. HW: 1.3. HL: 3.8.</p> <p>Distribution. Upper Amazon, between Peru and Brazil.</p> <p>Comments. After examining the type specimens, the validity of the species is confirmed, and it is returned within Lophotettiginae, also a lectotype and a pair of paralectotypes of the original syntype series are here designated.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687E0FF80FC4BFF02FB6B5EA8F853	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Buitrago, Oscar;García, Alexander García;Tumbrinck, Josef	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Buitrago, Oscar, García, Alexander García, Tumbrinck, Josef (2021): Review of the status of the genus Phelene stat. resurr. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae Lophotettiginae) and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 355-365, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.6
03F687E0FF84FC45FF02FF0E5F8FFE93.text	03F687E0FF84FC45FF02FF0E5F8FFE93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phelene maroon Cadena-Castaneda & Tumbrinck 2021	<div><p>Phelene maroon Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tumbrinck n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs. 4‒ 5)</p> <p>Type specimen. Holotype: ♂ French Guiana, falls near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.15258&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.54465" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.15258/lat 4.54465)">Camp Patawa</a>, Kaw Mountain, 4.54465ºN, 52.15258ºW. 177 m. 16- V.2006. C. R. Nelson coll (BMNH)</p> <p>Description. Male. General coloration black and brown. Vertex, fastigium, pronotal disk and terminalia brown, the rest of the body black with small whitish points, two last antennal segments and first half of the tarsi white (Fig. 4). Whitish eyes and ocelli (possibly different in life). Hind wings black with brown venation. Head: eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule, fastigium of the vertex undulated in dorsal view and little prolongated in side-view (Fig. 5A). Pronotum mostly flat, extending beyond the tip of the abdomen and overcoming noticeably the length of the hind femora (Fig. 5B), with a small undulation at the level of the mesothorax; lateral lobes of the pronotum a little wider than long; lateral shoulder carina rounded and moderately prolonged (Fig. 4). Wings. Tegmina lanceolate, extending to the apex of metathorax (Fig. 4A). Legs slender, moderately long; hind femora with dorsal edge serrulated and the pre-genicular spine little-developed. Abdomen. Subgenital plate slender mid-sized with the dorsal edge straight, apex divided; epiproct ovoid longer than wide; cerci conical; penultimate abdominal sternite straight.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Measurements (in mm): CFP: 11.2. PL: 10.5. PLB: 1.3. FF: 2.3. FL: 2. MFL: 2.2. MTL: 2.4. HL: 4.2. HW: 1.5. HL: 3.8.</p> <p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality.</p> <p>Etymology. In memory of the maroon slaves who inhabited French Guyana. At present, their descendants still inhabit the territory, as free people, although they are still recognized as maroons.</p> <p>Comparison. This is the second known species for Phelene stat. resurr., differs from P. turgida mainly by its coloration, P. maroon n. sp. is predominantly black (Figs. 4, 5) in contrast to P. turgida which is brown (Figs. 2, 3). On the other hand, P. turgida has a hump on the pronotal disc, at the level of the mesothorax (Figs. 2A, B, 3B), and a moderately developed, triangular-shaped, and not pointed spine on the lateral lobe of the pronotum (Fig. 2C). In contrast, the new species does not have the hump on the pronotal disc, they only have a little undulation at the level of the mesothorax (Figs. 4A, B), and the lower edge of the lateral lobe of the pronotum is rounded and poorly expanded to the sides (Fig. 5B).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687E0FF84FC45FF02FF0E5F8FFE93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Buitrago, Oscar;García, Alexander García;Tumbrinck, Josef	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Buitrago, Oscar, García, Alexander García, Tumbrinck, Josef (2021): Review of the status of the genus Phelene stat. resurr. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae Lophotettiginae) and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 355-365, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.6
03F687E0FF8BFC45FF02F93C5C4BF8FD.text	03F687E0FF8BFC45FF02F93C5C4BF8FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetrix laticeps Westwood 1841	<div><p>Tetrix laticeps Westwood, 1841 nomen dubium</p> <p>Comments. The type specimen is unknown, since it is not in London (BMNH), or Oxford (UMO), but Westwood’s (1841) description fits the characteristics of P. turgida, but since it does not have a name-bearing specimen, the most viable thing to do is to propose this taxon as nomen dubium, and to conserve names that have type specimens in accessible entomological collections.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687E0FF8BFC45FF02F93C5C4BF8FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Buitrago, Oscar;García, Alexander García;Tumbrinck, Josef	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Díaz, Carlos Julio Arango, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Buitrago, Oscar, García, Alexander García, Tumbrinck, Josef (2021): Review of the status of the genus Phelene stat. resurr. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae Lophotettiginae) and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 355-365, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.6
