identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
725087B3FFED8D22DBA98199FEF1E0DF.text	725087B3FFED8D22DBA98199FEF1E0DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis commotica Meyrick 1923	<div><p>The commotica group</p> <p>Moths of this species group are characterized by the forewing having a white costal spot of variable shape (Fig. 3), three white streaks that extend from the dorsum but usually do not reach the costal margin (Figs 3, 4), and a white apical spot (Fig. 5). The male and female genitalia are highly diverse, lacking unique characters that separate them from most other species groups.</p> <p>This group includes a total of 110 species, including 88 previously described species and 22 new species described below.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFED8D22DBA98199FEF1E0DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFED8D22DBA9814AFC0BE377.text	725087B3FFED8D22DBA9814AFC0BE377.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis Meyrick 1908	<div><p>Promalactis Meyrick, 1908</p> <p>Promalactis Meyrick, 1908. Type species: Promalactis holozona Meyrick, 1908</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFED8D22DBA9814AFC0BE377	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFED8D21DBA98371FD55E308.text	725087B3FFED8D21DBA98371FD55E308.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis apiculifera Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis apiculifera Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1, 23)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Guangxi: Holotype ♂, Huaping, 950 m, 7.VIII.2006, leg. WC Li, slide No. DZH11066.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. serpenticapitata Du &amp; Wang, 2013 in the forewing pattern and in the features of the male genitalia. It can be distinguished by the sacculus produced into a free distal process that is narrowed to a pointed apex, and the juxta reaching 1/2 the height of the tegumen; in P. serpenticapitata, the distal process of the sacculus is serrate at the apex, and the juxta exceeds the posterior margin of the uncus.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 1). Forewing length 5.0 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex bright silvery white, frons bright brown, occiput dark brown. Labial palpus with first and second palpomeres ocherous brown on inner surface, brown mottled with black scales on outer surface; third palpomere black except white at base and apex.Antenna with scape white except dark brown on anterior and posterior margins; flagellum white alternated with black on dorsal surface, dark brown on ventral surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula ocherous brown; collar dark brown. Forewing ocherous brown in basal 3/5, ocherous yellow in distal 2/5; markings silvery white edged with dense black scales: costal spot quadrate, situated at basal 3/5, with dense black scales laterally; cell with a small dot at outer margin below costal spot; basal streak oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 to basal 1/3 of anterior margin of cell; dorsal streak from basal 2/3 extending outward to distal 1/5 of posterior margin of cell; tornal spot small, with black scales diffused to end of dorsal streak; apical spot elliptic, with denser black scales on inner side; fringe ocherous yellow. Hindwing and fringe grey. Fore- and midlegs greyish brown ventrally, black dorsally, tibiae with white spot at base and middle respectively, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsi with basal two tarsomere white apically; hindleg brown ventrally, black dorsally, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 23). Uncus wide and parallel-sided from base to basal 2/5, narrowed to basal 4/5; distal 1/5 uniformly narrow, with a tooth apically, and a small triangular process near apex ventrally. Gnathos as long as uncus; mesial plate narrowed medially, distal 1/3 roundly dilated, with dense verrucous processes, with a semicircular membrane apical process; basal arms short, triangular, narrowed to mesial plate. Tegumen with posterior 1/4 narrower; lateral arms narrowly rounded at apex. Valvae triangular, triangularly produced and setose distally, with a weakly sclerotized triangular process at base bearing a papillary apical process; costa with indistinct teeth distally; sacculus broad basally, slightly narrower distally, produced to a free setose distal process curved obliquely dorsad, forming an obtuse angle ventrally, pointed at apex. Vinculum narrowly banded; saccus triangular, pointed at apex, approximately 2/3 length of uncus. Juxta a narrow plate, subparallel laterally, with a tuft of spines distally, reaching 1/2 height of tegumen apically; basal lobe conical. Aedeagus stout, 4/5 length of valva, with two cornuti: one hook-like placed apically, the other a straight, stout spine 1/3 length of aedeagus placed medially.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Guangxi).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is derived from the Latin apiculus and - fera, referring to the apical tooth of the uncus in the male genitalia.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFED8D21DBA98371FD55E308	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFEE8D20DBA98102FDF9E4C9.text	725087B3FFEE8D20DBA98102FDF9E4C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis apisetosa Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis apisetosa Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 2, 24)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.29" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.7/lat 25.29)">Linjiapu</a> (25.29°N, 98.70°E), Tengchong, 2144 m, 14.VIII.2014, leg. KJ Teng et al., slide No. HXM14207.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species is similar to P. ruiliensis Wang, 2006 in the male genitalia. It can be distinguished by the valva with a tuft of long setae dorsoapically, the long basal lobe of the juxta slenderly clubbed, and the long aedeagus 1.8 times length of the valva; in P. ruiliensis, the valva has a comblike scale brush along the distal 1/4 of the costa, the short basal lobe of the juxta is sub-triangular, and the aedeagus is 1.3 times length of the valva.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 2). Forewing length 5.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex and frons greyish brown, occiput pale ocherous brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere ochreous yellow on outer surface, pale yellow on inner surface; third palpomere ochreous yellow, mixed with blackish brown scales. Antenna with scape white; flagellum black alternated with white on dorsal surface, blackish brown on ventral surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula ochreous yellow, tinged with grey. Forewing ochreous yellow, with rust brown and dense blackish grey scales; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot sub-triangular, crossing anterior angle of cell; basal streak slender, oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 extending straightly to below basal 1/3 of anterior margin of cell; dorsal streak from basal 3/4 extending obliquely outward to before distal 1/3 of posterior angle of cell; tornal spot small, with black scales diffused to end of dorsal streak; apical spot narrow, discontinued along termen; fringe orange yellow. Hindwing and fringe greyish brown. Fore- and midlegs white on dorsal surface, black on ventral surface, except tibiae with white spot at base and middle, with a tuft of short white scales at apex, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres; hindleg blackish brown on outer surface, whitish grey on inner surface, tarsus white at apex of each tarsomere.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 24). Basal half of uncus wide, parallel-sided, distal half bifurcate, pointed at apex. Gnathos slightly shorter than uncus; mesial plate wide at base, narrowed to obtuse apex, sclerotized laterally. Tegumen narrow posteriorly, furcate from posterior 3/5; lateral arms broad, slightly narrowed to apex. Valvae elongate sub-rectangular, slightly narrower distally, weakly sclerotized in costal area; apex rounded, with a tuft of long setae dorsoapically, with dense fine setae ventroapically; sacculus heavily sclerotized, more than 2/3 width of valva basally, slightly narrowed to rounded apex distally. Saccus elongate triangular, narrowed to apex, longer than uncus. Juxta slender; basal lobe clubbed. Aedeagus long, 1.8 times length of valva; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is derived from the Latin apex and setosus, referring to the apical tuft of long setae of the valva.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFEE8D20DBA98102FDF9E4C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFEF8D27DBA98742FA44E41D.text	725087B3FFEF8D27DBA98742FA44E41D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis arcicosta Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis arcicosta Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 3, 25, 45)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Tibet: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.08/lat 30.1)">Tongmai Town</a> (30.10°N, 95.08°E), Bomi County, 2029 m, 14.VIII.2018, leg. MJ Qi, slide No. LC 19413. Paratypes: 2♀, 13.VIII.2018, other data same as holotype, slide No. LC 19600; 9♂ 4♀, Tongmai Town, Bomi County, 1997‒2029 m, 23‒24. VI.2019, leg. MJ Qi &amp; JQ Deng, slide Nos. LC 19399 ♂, LC19394 ♀.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other species of the group by the male genitalia with asymmetrical valvae widened from beyond the middle to before the apex, and the symmetrical sacculus that is beak-shaped distally; and in the female genitalia by the heavily sclerotized posterior half of the ductus bursae with 14‒20 spines.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 3). Forewing length 5.5‒6.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex cream white, frons greyish brown, occiput rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere rust brown on outer surface, orange yellow on inner surface; third palpomere black except white apically. Antenna with scape greyish white on ventral surface, cream white except black apically on dorsal surface; flagellum black, with white annulation on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing orange yellow to rust brown; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot large, sub-quadrangular, slightly narrowed posteriorly, reaching anterior angle of cell; basal streak oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 1/2 extending to basal 1/3 of anterior margin of cell, slightly arched outward; dorsal streak short, much slender, from beyond basal 1/6 extending to tornal spot; tornal spot large, straightly reaching posterior angle of cell; apical spot ovate; terminal spot small, below apical spot; fringe orange yellow, except grey around tornus. Hindwing and fringe grey. Foreleg black, femur greyish white ventrally, tibia with a white spot at base and middle respectively, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres; midleg greyish white ventrally, black dorsally, tibia with a white spot at base, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres, apical one tarsomere white; hindleg brown ventrally, greyish black dorsally, tarsus white at apices of basal three tarsomeres, distal two tarsomeres white.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 25). Uncus campanulate, wide at base, narrowed to middle, thereafter abruptly narrowed to narrowly rounded apex. Gnathos longer than uncus; mesial plate narrow basally, slightly widened to rounded apex distally, with a small ovate membranous process near apex dorsally. Tegumen furcate from posterior 1/3; lateral arms narrowed to rounded apex. Valvae narrowed at base, broadened to preapex, asymmetrical: left valva narrower, costa narrow, arched, rounded at apex, with a tuft of dense long setae dorsoapically, with a spine dorsoventrally, right valva broader, costa widely banded, roundly arched medially, setose distally, with a short apical spine directed ventrad; sacculus broadly banded, basal 2/3 uniform, distal 1/4 produced to a free setose beak-shaped process bearing an apical spine directed dorsad. Saccus triangular, as long as gnathos, wide at base, narrowed to rounded apex. Juxta relatively short, with spine-shaped process posterolaterally. Aedeagus approximately 1.5 times length of right valva, straight, with two cornuti; one cornutus longer and wider, bent medially, with spur-like apex, the other cornutus shorter and smaller.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 45). Apophyses anteriores longer than half length of apophyses posteriores. Eighth sternum rectangular, concave semicirclely at middle on posterior margin, setose. Antrum funnel-like. Ductus bursae heavily sclerotized on posterior half, with several spines, membranous on anterior half, coiled. Corpus bursae membranous, ovate, approximately half length of ductus bursae, with two narrowly elongate signa, half length of corpus bursae, placed medially.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Tibet).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet is derived from the Latin arci- and costa, referring to the conspicuously convex costa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFEF8D27DBA98742FA44E41D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFE88D27DBA98636FC79E191.text	725087B3FFE88D27DBA98636FC79E191.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis baoshana Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis baoshana Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 4, 26)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.82" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.78/lat 24.82)">Nankang</a> (24.82°N, 98.78°E), Baoshan, 2009 m, 18.VII.2015, leg. KJ Teng &amp; X Bai, slide No. JYY17588. Paratypes (2♂): same data as holotype, except 17‒18.VII.2015, slide Nos. JYY17843, LC19779.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species is superficially similar to P. fortijuxtalis Wang, Du &amp; Li, 2013 and P. diehli Lvovsky, 2000 in the shared possession of an arched antemedian streak and a tiny white tornal spot on the forewing. It can be distinguished from P. fortijuxtalis by an elongate asymmetrical distal process of the valva, which is symmetrical in the latter species. It can be distinguished from P. diehli by the valva extended to an elongate process distally and the juxta with dense long spines; in P. diehli, the valva is not extended distally and has two apical processes, and the juxta lacks dense long spines.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 4). Forewing length 6.0‒ 6.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex shining white, frons silvery brown, occiput rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere orange yellow, paler on inner surface; third palpomere dark brown. Antenna with scape silvery white; flagellum black, ringed with white dorsally.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing orange yellow; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot sub-triangular, extending from basal 3/5 obliquely outward to above posterior angle of cell; basal streak oblique inward to base of fold, straight; antemedian streak from dorsal 1/3 to anterior margin of cell at approximately basal 1/4 of forewing, slightly arched outward; dorsal streak from basal 2/3 obliquely outward to before posterior angle of cell; apical spot round, incised by black scales from inner margin; two smaller terminal spots below apical spot; tornal spot small, with deep silvery grey scales extending inward to end of dorsal streak, forming an irregular stripe; fringe orange yellow except grey around tornus. Hindwing and fringe greyish brown. Fore- and midlegs white on dorsal surface, black on ventral surface, tibiae with white scale tufts at end, mid tibia with a white stripe at base and middle on ventral side respectively, basal two tarsomeres white distally; hindleg greyish brown, basal tarsomere white distally, rest tarsomeres white except second and third tarsomeres black distally.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 26). Uncus wide at base, slightly narrowed to triangularly produced apex. Gnathos longer than uncus; mesial plate lingulate, slightly narrowed laterally before middle; basal arms slender, approximately half length of mesial plate. Tegumen widened anteriorly, with a shallow anterior emargination. Valva wide at base, slightly narrowed to basal 3/5; distal 2/5 produced to a narrow process, asymmetrical: left process wider, almost uniform, with an apical spine; right process narrow, slightly widened and bifurcate distally. Saccus slightly shorter than uncus, rounded apically. Juxta heavily sclerotized, curved, reaching posterior 1/3 of tegumen, pointed apically, with a row of spines on inner margin of distal 2/3; basal lobe slender, longer than saccus. Aedeagus straight, shorter than valva, with dentations apically; cornutus small and thin, straight.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet refers to the type locality, Baoshan, Yunnan.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFE88D27DBA98636FC79E191	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFEB8D2BDBA981B4FCCDE231.text	725087B3FFEB8D2BDBA981B4FCCDE231.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis bicornuta Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis bicornuta Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 5, 27)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Guizhou: Holotype ♂, Xiasi Village, Kuankuoshui Reserves, Suiyang County, 840 m, 9.VI.2010, leg. LL Yang, slide No. DZH10246.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the group by the large, sub-rectangular, preapical process that extends from the dorsal margin of the saccular lobe of the valva to the ventral margin of the costal lobe, and the aedeagus with a distinct apical spine-shaped process.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 5). Forewing length 4.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex bright leaden, occiput mottled with silvery grey. Labial palpus with first and second palpomeres dark grey on inner surface, dark brown mottled with black scales on outer surface; third palpomere black except white at base and apex. Antenna with scape white, black apically on dorsal surface, pecten dark brown; flagellum black, with white annulation on dorsal surface, dark brown on ventral surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula ocherous brown. Forewing yellowish brown, costal margin black on basal half; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot at basal 3/5, rounded, with dense black scales anterolaterally; cell with a small spot at outer margin below costal spot; basal streak extending to base of fold; antemedian streak falcate, from dorsal 1/3 extending outward to basal 1/3 of anterior margin of cell, arched inward to basal 1/5 of cell, forming a right angle; dorsal streak from middle of dorsum extending to distal 1/4 of posterior margin of cell, continued to tornus by a black line; pretornal spot represented with a few white scales; both apical and terminal spots elliptic, encircled by dense black scales; fringe ochreous yellow except black at base of termen. Hindwing and fringe deep grey. Fore- and midlegs black, except coxa yellow, tibia with a white spot at base and middle respectively, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsus white at apex of basal tarsomere and on entire second tarsomere; midleg grey ventrally, black dorsally, tibia with a white spot at base, with a tuft of white scales at middle and apex, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres; hindleg yellow ventrally, black dorsally, except tarsus white at apices of basal four tarsomeres and on entire apical trasomere.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 27). Uncus bell-shaped, broad at base, narrowed to basal 2/3, distal 1/3 slender, digitate, rounded apically. Gnathos slightly shorter than uncus; mesial plate lingulate, rounded at apex, with a membranous fine apical process, squamous in distal 1/3; basal arms approximately 1/3 length of mesial plate. Tegumen with lateral arm narrowed anteriorly, obtuse apically. Valva sub-rectangular, bilobed apically: costa slightly concave basally, produced to a apex-rounded costal lobe slightly bent ventrad distally; sacculus narrow, produced to a setose, apex-rounded saccular lobe distally, large sub-rectangular preapical process extending from its dorsal margin to ventral margin of costal lobe, with a short spine on outer margin apically. Saccus approximately 2.3 times length of uncus, wide at base, narrowed to basal 1/3, distal 2/3 slender, rounded apically. Juxta sub-elliptical, weakly sclerotized, laterally with a spine-like process at basal 1/3; basal lobe short, clubbed. Aedeagus straight, approximately 1.5 times length of valva, with a long spine-shaped process apically; with two cornuti: one cornutus slender, approximately 1/4 length of aedeagus, located medially, the other stout, approximately 1/7 length aedeagus, located distally.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution: China (Guizhou).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is derived from the Latin prefix bi- and cornutus, referring to the two cornuti of the aedeagus in the male genitalia.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFEB8D2BDBA981B4FCCDE231	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFE48D2ADBA980DAFEA6E53D.text	725087B3FFE48D2ADBA980DAFEA6E53D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis bilobignatha Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis bilobignatha Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 6, 28)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, Lingbaoshan Forest Park, Nanjian, 2338 m, 25.VIII.2015, leg. KL Liu &amp; H Wei, slide No. LC 19354. Paratypes (2♂): same data as holotype, slide No. LC 19343 ♂.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the large costal forewing spot from between distal 2/5 and 1/5 abruptly narrowed ventrad; and in the male genitalia by the bilobed uncus, the bilobed gnathos, and the symmetrical valva with a flagellate dorsoapical lobe that is 2.5 times the length of the ventroapical lobe.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 6). Forewing length 6.0‒ 7.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex blackish brown, with snowy white scales laterally. Labial palpus with second palpomere orange yellow; third palpomere black except dirty white at apex. Antenna with scape dirty white on dorsal surface, pale grey on ventral surface; flagellum black annulated with white, except basal several flagellomeres dirty white on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula dark brown. Forewing yellowish brown to dark ochreous brown; markings white edged with blackish brown scales: costal spot large, inverted triangular, from between distal 2/5 and 1/5 narrowed ventrad and crossing anterior angle of cell; basal streak obliquely inward to base of fold; antemedian streak L-shaped, from dorsal 2/5 to basal 1/3 of anterior margin of cell, curved inward at anterior 2/5; dorsal streak from basal 3/5 obliquely outward to distal 1/5 of posterior margin of cell; tornal spot black, diffused inward to end of dorsal streak; pretornal spot represented by several white scales; apical patch consisting of three white spots, separated by black scales, narrowed from apex to posterior corner of termen; fringe orange yellow except greyish brown around tornus. Hindwing and fringe grey. Foreleg black, femur and tibia greyish white ventrally, tibia with a white spot at base and middle respectively, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres; midleg black dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally, tibia mixed with white scales, with three white spots, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres; hindleg yellowish brown ventrally, brown dorsally except distal four tarsomeres white.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 28). Uncus rectangular, sclerotized, and folded inward on basal half laterally; distal 1/3 concave semicircularly at middle on posterior margin, forming two stout lobes posterolaterally. Gnathos slightly longer than uncus; mesial plate squamous on distal 3/5, apex concave semicircularly at middle, forming two digitate apical lobes. Tegumen widened to posterior 1/3; lateral arms narrowed to obtuse apex. Valva almost parallel basally, bilobed distally; costa very short, produced to a long free flagelliform dorsoapical process nearly as long as valva, with fine spines along midline from base to apex, forming a longitudinal cluster, pointed at apex; sacculus wide at base, narrowed to middle, distal half extremely narrow to ventroapical process; ventroapical process wider, shorter than half length of dorsoapical process, arched on dorsal margin, roundly concave at middle on ventral margin, forming a right inner angle and an obtuse outer angle ventrally, apex rounded, with tiny denticles. Saccus triangular, as long as uncus, wide at base, narrowed to pointed apex. Juxta widened to basal 1/3, thereafter uniform to distal 1/3, then abruptly narrowed to pointed apex on right side, longitudinally with a tuft of fine spines extending from middle to apex; basal lobe clubbed, reaching before apex of saccus.Aedeagus shorter than valva, straight, with short spines and claw-like apically; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin bilobus and -gnathus, referring to the distally bilobed uncus and gnathos.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFE48D2ADBA980DAFEA6E53D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFE58D29DBA987D6FE54E439.text	725087B3FFE58D29DBA987D6FE54E439.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis binipapillata Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis binipapillata Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 7, 29, 46)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.68" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.03/lat 22.68)">Taiyanghe Nature Reserve</a> (22.68°N, 101.03°E), Pu’er City, 9. VI.2015, leg. ZG Zhang, slide No. JYY17611. Paratypes (2♂, 7♀): 1♂, 2♀, 8‒9. VI.2015, slide No. JYY17859 ♀, other same data as holotype; 1♀, Taiyanghe Nature Reserve, 1450 m, 23.VIII.2014, leg. ZG Zhang, slide No. JYY17881; 1♀, Taiyanghe National Forest Park, Pu’er City, 1450 m, 3‒6.VII.2015, leg. KJ Teng, slide No. JYY17883. Thailand: 1♂, Doi Suthep-Pui, Chiang Mai, 1440 m, 22‒23.IX.1986, leg. G.S. Robinson, slide No. NHMUK-010316888.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by two features of the male genitalia: a tower-like uncus and a narrowly elongate valva with a dense patch of large setae and fine hairs along the ventral margin of the distal 3/5.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 7). Forewing length 5.5‒6.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex shining white, frons silvery grey, occiput rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere pale ocherous yellow, paler on inner surface; third palpomere blackish brown. Antenna with scape white; flagellum black, with white annulations on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing orange yellow; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot sub-rectangular, extending obliquely outward to middle of outer margin of cell; basal streak oblique inward to base of fold, straight; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 to basal 2/5 of anterior margin of cell, slightly arched outward; dorsal streak from basal 2/3 extending obliquely outward to below and before posterior angle of cell; tornal spot small, with a black line extending from its anterior margin arched to end of dorsal streak; apical spot ovate; two terminal spots smaller, narrowed to posterior corner of termen, interrupted by black scales; fringe mostly orange yellow, greyish brown along distal part of costal margin and around tornus. Hindwing and fringe brown. Fore- and midlegs white on ventral surface, black on dorsal surface, tibiae with white scale tufts at apex, tarsi with basal two tarsomeres white distally; hindleg yellowish white ventrally, brown dorsally except tarsus white at apex of each tarsomere.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 29). Uncus tower-like, widened from base to basal 1/4, then narrowed to basal 2/3, distal 1/3 uniformly slender, rounded at apex; two pairs of lateral papillary lobes, one at basal 1/4 and another at basal 2/3, both with long setae. Gnathos shorter than uncus; mesial plate broad tongue-shaped, rounded apically, distal 3/5 spiculate; basal arms shorter than mesial plate, slightly narrowed at base. Tegumen widened to posterior 2/5; lateral arms slightly narrowed to rounded apex. Valva elongate, basal 2/5 uniform in width, with a distinct basal opening, distal 3/5 slightly narrowed to rounded apex, with large dense setae and fine hairs along ventral margin and around apex. Sacculus wide at base, narrowed to distal end, apically reaching beyond basal 1/3 of ventral margin; saccus approximately half length of valva, narrowed to rounded apex. Juxta broad, triangularly produced distally; basal lobe clubbed. Aedeagus almost as long as valva, slightly curved; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 46). Papillae anales setose, rounded caudally. Apophyses posteriores 3 times length of apophyses anteriores. Lamella postvaginalis tubular, with sparse setae distally, straight apically; lamella antevaginalis broad cup-shaped, with a spine lateroapically. Ductus bursae with basal 2/3 heavily sclerotized, uniform in width, distal 1/3 broadened, membranous, with a narrow spiral belt bearing 1‒2 short spines. Corpus bursae 0.5 time length of ductus bursae, granulate; signum consisting of two short denticles, with a weakly sclerotized basal plate.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan); Thailand.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin bini- and papillatus, referring to the two pairs of papillary lobes of the uncus.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFE58D29DBA987D6FE54E439	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFE68D29DBA986D2FA92E1D9.text	725087B3FFE68D29DBA986D2FA92E1D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis bispina Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis bispina Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 8, 30, 47)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.68" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.03/lat 22.68)">Taiyanghe National Forest</a> Park (22.68°N, 101.03°E), Pu’er City, 1450 m, 3.VII.2015, leg. KJ Teng, slide No. JYY17858. Paratypes (5♀): same data as holotype, except 4‒5.VII.2015, slide Nos. JYY17838, JYY17839.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be easily distinguished from other members of the group by the male genitalia: the dorsal lobe of the valva has two strong apical spines, the ventral lobe of the valva has a tuft of large setae, and the flagellate juxta has a longitudinal line of dense spines.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 8). Forewing length 5.0‒6.0 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex shining white, frons greyish brown, occiput yellowish brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere pale rust yellow, paler on inner surface; third palpomere blackish brown. Antenna with scape white; flagellum black, with white annulations on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing orange yellow; markings white edged with blackish brown scales: costal spot sub-triangular, extending obliquely outward crossing anterior angle of cell; basal streak oblique inward to base of fold, straight; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 to basal 2/5 of anterior margin of cell, slightly arched outward, parallel with basal streak; dorsal streak from before basal 2/3 extending obliquely outward to below and before posterior angle of cell; tornal spot small, with a blackish grey line extending from beyond it arched upward to end of dorsal streak; apical spot sub-rounded; two small terminal spots interrupt by black scales; fringe orange yellow except greyish brown along distal part of costal margin and around tornus. Hindwing and fringe blackish brown. Fore- and midlegs with ventral surface white; dorsal surface black, tibiae with white spots basally, with white scale tufts at apex, tarsi with basal two tarsomeres white distally; hindleg yellowish white ventrally, blackish brown dorsally, tarsus white except two basal tarsomeres blackish brown distally.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 30). Uncus triangular, wide at base, narrowed to pointed apex. Gnathos longer than uncus; mesial plate triangular, narrowed to apex, heavily sclerotized; basal arms shorter than mesial plate, narrowly banded. Tegumen sub-trapezoidal, with a shallow anterior emargination. Valva elongate sub-rectangular, length more than 4 times of width; apex shallowly bilobed: dorsal lobe with two strong curved spines apically, ventral spine shorter, ventral lobe very short, truncate at apex, with a tuft of large setae; sacculus wide and folded basally, very narrow distally. Vinculum narrowly banded, rounded on anterior margin. Juxta flagellate, curved, as long as valva, with dense spines along longitudinal line, with an apical spine; basal lobe slender, clubbed. Aedeagus longer than valva, straight, produced to an arrow-like process apically, finely serrate; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 47). Papillae anales setose, rounded caudally. Apophyses posteriores 2 times length of apophyses anteriores. Lamella postvaginalis concave at middle on posterior margin, roundly produced posterolaterally. Antrum short, extended to a point posterolaterally. Ductus bursae membranous, narrow basally, broadened distally, with a sclerotized narrow belt bearing 1‒2 short spines. Corpus bursae longer than ductus bursae, granulate; signum longitudinally ovate, large, more than half length of corpus bursae, with two denticles.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet is from the Latin bis- and spina, referring to the paired apical spines of the valva.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFE68D29DBA986D2FA92E1D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFFD8D31DBA98257FDF9E334.text	725087B3FFFD8D31DBA98257FDF9E334.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis curvicosta Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis curvicosta Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 9, 31, 48)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA, Guangxi: Mt. Lianhua, Dayaoshan, Jinxiu, 1000 m, 22.VII.2015, leg. MJ Qi &amp; SN Zhao, slide No. LC 19516. Paratypes (5♂, 1♀). 1♂, same data as holotype. Zhejiang: 2♂, Huangtanyu, Mt. Jiulong, 467 m, 6‒8.VII.2013, leg. AH Yin &amp; XC Wang, slide Nos. HXM13105, HXM13099. Fujian: 1♂, Tonngmuguan, Mt. Wuyi, 1090 m, 13.VIII.2020, leg. MJ Qi &amp; XY Jin, slide No. LC19731. Hunan: 1♂, 1♀, Houwangzhai, Mangshan Yizhang County, 541 m, 24.VII.2020, leg. H Sun et al., slide Nos. LC19734 ♂, LC19762 ♀.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species is nearly indistinguishable superficially from P. projecta, Wang, 2006, P. similiflora Wang, 2006, and P. subsimiliflora Lvovsky, 2013. The four species are also very similar in the male genitalia, sharing a similarly shaped valva. Promalactis curvicosta can be distinguished from these congeners by the curved costa of the valva with a triangular process near its base and a trapezoidal apical process; in P. projecta the costa has a digitate apical process and lacks a basal process; in P. similiflora and P. subsimiliflora, the costa has a basal process and lacks an apical process.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 9). Forewing length 4.0‒ 4.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex shining white, frons deep dark shiny grey, occiput bronze. Labial palpus with second palpomere greyish white on inner surface, dark brown on outer surface; third palpomere brown, with blackish brown scales. Antenna with scape white; flagellum dark brown on ventral surface, white on a few basal flagellomeres and dark brown alternated with white on remaining flagellomeres on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula yellowish bronze. Forewing orange yellow; markings white edged with dense black scales: costal spot triangular, from distal 1/3 to posterior angle of cell; basal streak extending obliquely inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 1/2 oblique inward to basal 2/5 of anterior margin of cell, wider than basal streak and parallel with it; dorsal streak from before end of fold extending obliquely upward to tornus, close to tornal band; tornal spot banded, obliquely inward to below inner margin of costal spot; apical spot large, with a smaller spot above; terminal spot below apical spot; fringe orange yellow except grey tinged with white on tornus. Hindwing and cilia deep grey. Foreleg blackish brown, except femur slivery white ventrally, tibia with white spot at base and middle respectively, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsus with basal two tarsomeres white; midleg white, except tibia dorsally and tarsus blackish brown, tarsus white at apices of basal three tarsomeres; hindleg yellowish brown ventrally, greyish brown dorsally, tarsus white at apices of basal three tarsomeres, entirely white distal two tarsomeres.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 31). Uncus broad basally, slightly narrowed to about middle, abruptly narrowed from middle to apex. Gnathos about 2/3 length of uncus; mesial plate rectangular, straight at apex; basal arms broad and short. Tegumen with height twice as long as uncus; lateral arms slightly narrowed anteriorly. Valvae elongately narrow, shoe-shaped, rounded at apex, densely setose in distal 1/3; costa about 2/3 length of valva, wide, heavily sclerotized, curved, with a weakly sclerotized, large, semicircular process at middle ventrally, with a triangular process near base and a larger trapezoidal process at apex dorsally, with a tuft of short spines beyond middle and a few spines at base on inner side of basal process; sacculus narrowly banded, subparallel-sided. Saccus large, elongate triangular, as long as uncus. Juxta slightly widened and bilobed posteriorly; basal lobe longer, clubbed, narrowed distally. Aedeagus shorter than valva, produced to an acute apex distally. Cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 48). Apophyses posteriores slightly more than twice as long as apophyses anteriores. Eighth sternum medially concave on posterior margin, forming two broad setose lobes. Seventh sternum laterally produced into a large sub-triangular process serrated apically. Antrum slightly wider than ductus bursae, weakly sclerotized, short cup-shaped. Ductus bursae longer than corpus bursae, expanded toward corpus bursae. Corpus bursae small, not distinctly separated from curpus bursae; signum a narrow plate with a few denticles.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is derived from the Latin curvus and the term costa, referring to the curved costa of the valva.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFFD8D31DBA98257FDF9E334	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFFE8D30DBA9812BFEA8E335.text	725087B3FFFE8D30DBA9812BFEA8E335.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis denticuligera Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis denticuligera Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 10, 32, 49)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Tibet: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.08/lat 30.1)">Tongmai Town</a> (30.10°N, 95.08°E), 2029 m, 12.VIII.2018, leg. MJ Qi, slide No. LC 19310. Paratypes (23♂, 55♀): 6♂, 39♀, same data as holotype, except 12‒16.VIII.2019, slide No. LC 19311 ♀; 14♂, 5♀, same data as holotype, except 23‒26. VI.2009, leg. MJ Qi &amp; JQ Deng, slide Nos. LC 19312 ♂, LC19313 ♀; 2♀, Yadong Village, Motuo County, 833 m, 16.VIII.2017, leg. XF Yang &amp; MJ Qi, slide No. JYY17327; 1♂, 9♀, Pailong Town, Linzhi County, 2031 m, 17‒18.VIII.2018, leg. MJ Qi, slide Nos. LC 19326 ♂, LC19331 ♀; 1♂, Pailong Town, Linzhi County, 2010 m, 6.VII.2013, leg. JW Li, slide No. LC 19353; 1♂, Linzhi Town, Linzhi City, 2985 m, 19. VI.2019, leg. MJ Qi &amp; JQ Deng, slide No. LC 19316.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the group by two features of the male genitalia: the asymmetrically bilobed valvae, and the costa of the left valva produced into a free dorsodistal lobe bearing a cluster of spines along the costal margin.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 10). Forewing length 7.0‒9.0 mm.</p> <p>Head: Frons greyish brown, vertex cream white, occiput rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere rust brown on outer surface, ochreous yellow on inner surface; third palpomere black on outer surface, rust brown on inner surface except white apically. Antenna with scape white dorsally, pale grey ventrally; flagellum black annulated with white on dorsal surface, black on ventral surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing ochreous brown on basal 2/3, ochreous yellow on distal 1/3; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot triangular, from distal 1/3 narrowed to above posterior angle of cell; basal streak slender, straight, oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 1/3 to anterior margin of cell, parallel with basal streak; dorsal streak from basal 2/3 extending obliquely outward to distal 1/4 of posterior margin of cell; tornal spot black, narrowly diffused inward to end of dorsal streak; distal patch black, extending from apex along termen to beyond tornal spot, gradually narrowed; apical spot sub-oval, small, set in black distal patch; fringe ochreous yellow except grey before tornus. Hindwing and fringe grey. Fore- and midlegs black, except fore femur white and midleg yellowish brown on ventral surface, tibiae with white spot at base and middle, with a tuft of white scales at apex, basal tarsomere white at base and apex, second tarsomere white apically; hindleg yellowish brown, tibia with long grey hairs, basal tarsomere white apically, second and third tarsomeres black except white distally, fourth and fifth tarsomeres white.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 32). Uncus wide parallel-sided from base to about basal 2/5, then slightly narrowed to rounded apex. Gnathos longer than uncus; mesial plate triangular, wide at base, narrowed to pointed apex, granulate distally; basal arms wide basally, narrowed to mesial plate. Tegumen with height more than three times length of uncus; lateral arms widened and arched on inner margin near apex. Valvae narrow at base, widened toward apex, asymmetrically bilobed distally; left valva: dorsal lobe slender, slightly narrowed to apex, ventral lobe wide at base, narrowed to basal 2/3, then slender to rounded apex, setose, shorter than dorsal lobe; costa very narrow, with clustered spines along costal margin in distal half; sacculus broadly banded, almost uniform in width, with a large semicircular concavity dorsally before free distal process; right valva: costa narrow, produced to a free digitate dorsal lobe distally, ventral lobe much larger and longer than dorsa lobe, elongate sub-triangular, with a flat apex; sacculus narrowly banded, wide at base, narrowed to basal 2/3, fused with valva and setose in distal 1/3. Saccus longer than uncus, elongate triangular, wide at base, narrowed to rounded apex. Juxta a large sclerotized plate, reaching posterior 1/4 of tegumen, narrow basally, widened distally, rounded apically; basal lobe clubbed, reaching middle of saccus. Aedeagus straight, almost as long as left valva, tubular, distal 1/3 spatulate, denticulate laterally and apically. Cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 49). Apophyses posteriores about 1/3 length of apophyses anteriores. Eighth sternum sub-rectangular, with a notch at middle on posterior margin.Antrum heavily sclerotized, slightly narrowed to ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous, slightly inflated, less than half length of antrum, with a coiled belt posteriorly. Corpus bursae slightly longer than ductus bursae, membranous, ovate; signum sub-ovate, with dense, large and small denticles.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Tibet).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin denticuliger, referring to the distally and apically toothed aedeagus.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFFE8D30DBA9812BFEA8E335	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFFF8D37DBA981DEFBD0E53D.text	725087B3FFFF8D37DBA981DEFBD0E53D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis lianhuashana Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis lianhuashana sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 11, 33)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Guangxi: Holotype ♂, Mt. Lianhua, Jinxiu, 1000 m, 22.VII.2015, leg. MJ Qi &amp; SN Zhao, slide No. JYY17753.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished by features of the male genitalia, including the asymmetrical valva with a large dorsoapical process that is curved before the middle by an acute angle and has a large basal process, and the juxta with a spine extending left from the posterior angle.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 11). Forewing length 4.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex white, frons pale silvery grey, occiput rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere yellowish brown; third palpomere black except white at base and apex. Antenna with scape white dorsally, black ventrally; flagellum black alternated with white on dorsal surface, brown on ventral surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing rust brown; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot sub-rectangular, extending to above posterior angle of cell; basal streak slender, extending obliquely inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 extending obliquely outward to basal 2/5 of cell, slightly widened anteriorly; dorsal streak from basal 3/4 extending obliquely outward to distal 1/5 of posterior angle of cell; pretornal spot small; apical and terminal spots elongate ovate; fringe yellow. Hindwing and fringe grey. Fore- and midlegs greyish white on dorsal surface, black on ventral surface, except tibiae with white spot at base and middle, with a tuft of short white scales at apex, tarsi white at apices of basal two tarsomeres; hindleg blackish brown except tarsus white at apex of each tarsomere on outer surface.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 33). Uncus inverted vaselike, basal half wide, margins subparallel, narrowed from middle to basal 3/4, thereafter widened to straight apex. Gnathos as long as uncus; mesial plate wide and parallel basally, narrowed to rounded apex, granulate distally; basal arm shorter than mesial plate. Tegumen with lateral arms sub-rectangular. Valvae sub-trapezoidal, costal margin shorter than ventral margin; asymmetrical: left valva with a C-shaped emargination at apex, right-angled dorsoapically; sacculus wide at base, narrowed to before middle, then uniformly narrow to apex, setose distally, with a short apical spine directed dorsad; right valva with a large dorsodistal process directed dorsad, which is wide at base, narrowed to before middle, distinctly curved at middle, then extending horizontally outward and covered with a bunch of numerous spines in distal half, with a large flap arising from between base and basal 2/5 along midline of above-mentioned process, which is narrowed to broadly rounded apex and has fine spines distally; sacculus wide at base, slightly narrowed to apex, setose distally, with a denticle dorsoapically. Saccus triangular, narrowly rounded at apex, 2/3 length of uncus. Juxta an irregular plate, narrow at base, widened to apex, with a spine arising from left posterolateral angle; basal lobe clubbed, as long as juxta plate. Aedeagus slender, longer than valva; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Guangxi).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Jinxiu, Guangxi.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFFF8D37DBA981DEFBD0E53D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF88D36DBA987D6FB86E7D5.text	725087B3FFF88D36DBA987D6FB86E7D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis motuoensis Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis motuoensis Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 12, 34, 50)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Tibet: Holotype ♂, 80K, Motuo County (29.66°N, 95.49°E), 2059 m, 8.VIII.2017, leg. MJ Qi &amp; XF Yang, slide No. JYY17672. Paratypes (6♀): 4♀, same data as holotype, except 2059‒2089 m, 6‒ 19.VIII.2017, slide No. JYY17856; 2♀, same data as holotype, except 2076 m, 8‒9.VIII.2019, leg. MJ Qi, other same data as holotype, slide No. LC 19323.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the left valva having an ovate dorsoapical process bearing long dense spines, and the aedeagus triangularly produced and serrate on the margins distally.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 12). Forewing length 6.0‒7.0 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex shining white, frons silvery grey, occiput rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere pale rust brown on outer surface, orange yellow on inner surface; third palpomere dark brown except white distally. Antenna with scape silvery white; flagellum black, annulated with white on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing rust yellow; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot very large, semi-ovate, extending downward crossing anterior angle of cell; basal streak oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 to anterior margin of cell, arched outward, subparallel with basal streak; dorsal streak from beyond basal 2/3 oblique outward to distal 1/5 of posterior margin of cell; tornal spot deep silvery grey with black scales, diffused inward to end of dorsal streak, before tornal spot set a white dot formed by a few white scales; apical spot sub-ovate; terminal spot right below apical spot, separated by black scales; fringe orange yellow except grey around tornus. Hindwing and fringe deep grey. Fore- and midlegs white on dorsal surface, black on ventral surface, tibiae with white scale tufts at apex, mid tibia with a white line at base and middle on ventral side respectively, tarsi white at apex, basal two tarsomeres with wide white distal band; hindleg greyish brown, basal tarsomere white distally, rest tarsomeres greyish white except second and third tarsomeres black basally.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 34). Uncus with basal 2/5 wide and parallel-sided, thereafter gradually narrowed to rounded apex. Gnathos slightly longer than uncus; mesial plate sub-rounded, with squamous protuberances; basal arms wide basally, uniformly narrowed toward mesial plate distally. Tegumen with lateral arms narrowed anteriorly. Valvae broad sub-rectangular, asymmetrical: apex of left valva rounded, with a large ovate dorsoapical process curved inward and bearing long dense spines, with a small apical spine below dorsoapical process, costa of left valva medially produced to a large sclerotized process bearing dense spines; apex of right valva obtusely rounded, smooth, costa of right valva lined with denser fine spines medially; sacculus wider, setose distally. Saccus almost as long as uncus, slightly narrowed to apex. Juxta short, V-shaped; basal lobe 3/4 length of saccus. Aedeagus straight, almost as long as valva, uniform except slightly widened before apex; apex produced triangularly, serrate. Cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 50). Apophyses anteriores about 2.5 times length of apophyses posteriores. Lamella postvaginalis heart-shaped, with a triangular notch at middle on posterior margin, arched outward mediolaterally. Antrum slightly narrowed anteriorly, longer than ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous, broadened, with a long heavily sclerotized helical belt. Corpus bursae longer than corpus bursae; signum irregularly ovate, bearing dense teeth.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Tibet).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Motuo County, Tibet.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF88D36DBA987D6FB86E7D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF98D36DBA9867EFEC8E0E5.text	725087B3FFF98D36DBA9867EFEC8E0E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis pedata Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis pedata Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 13, 35)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.68" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.03/lat 22.68)">Taiyanghe Nature Reserve</a> (22.68°N, 101.03°E), 1450 m, 23.VIII.2014, leg. ZG Zhang, slide No. JYY17594. Paratype (1♂): Taiyanghe National Forest Park, Pu’er City, 1450 m, 6.VII.2015, leg. KJ Teng, slide No. JYY17912.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be easily distinguished from other members of the group by the juxta with a pediform apical process that is serrate on the posterior margin.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 13). Forewing length 6.0‒ 6.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex shining white, frons silvery brown, occiput rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere dark rust brown on outer surface, whitish yellow basally and orange yellow distally on inner surface; third palpomere blackish brown except white at apex. Antenna with scape white; flagellum black, with white annulations on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing orange yellow except rust yellow between fold and dorsum; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot sub-ovate, extending to above posterior angle of cell; slender basal streak extending obliquely inward to above base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 to basal 2/5 of anterior margin of cell, slightly oblique inward; dorsal streak from basal 3/5 obliquely outward to below and before posterior angle of cell; tornal spot small, with dense greyish black scales around; apical and terminal spots not well separated, interrupt by black scales; fringe orange yellow except grey around tornus. Hindwing and fringe greyish brown. Fore- and midlegs white on dorsal surface; ventral surface black, tibiae with white scale tufts at apex, tarsi with basal two tarsomeres white distally; hindleg greyish brown, basal tarsomere white distally, rest tarsomeres white except second and third tarsomeres black basally.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 35). Uncus campanulate, basal 2/3 broad, distal 1/3 abruptly narrowed to a cylindriform. Gnathos longer than uncus; mesial plate triangular, narrowly rounded at apex, entirely cataphracted; basal arms short, dilated basally. Tegumen furcate from posterior 1/2; lateral arms slightly narrowed to rounded apex. Valvae narrowly elongate, distal 1/4 narrowed to hooked and pointed apex, with five denticles evenly spaced along costal margin, bearing long setae on ventral margin; sacculus wide, heavily sclerotized. Vinculum narrowly banded; saccus small, triangular. Juxta heavily sclerotized, reaching apex of uncus; pediform apical process extending straightly toward left, curved at a right angle, with strong spines distally, serrate along posterior margin. Aedeagus shorter than valva, spatulate distally, with dentations apically; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin pedatus, referring to the shape of the apical process of the juxta.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF98D36DBA9867EFEC8E0E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF98D35DBA9837BFD48E00D.text	725087B3FFF98D35DBA9837BFD48E00D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis quadriprocessa Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis quadriprocessa Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 14, 36, 51)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.68" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.03/lat 22.68)">Taiyanghe National Forest</a> Park (22.68°N, 101.03°E), Pu’er City, 1450 m, 3.VII.2015, leg. KJ Teng, slide No. JYY17674. Paratypes (48♂, 22♀): 1♀, slide No. JYY17862, other same data as holotype; 27♂, 18♀, Taiyanghe Nature Reserve, 1450 m, 20. V ‒11. VI.2014, leg. ZG Zhang, slide Nos. HXM14218 ♂, JYY17888 ♂, JYY17592 ♂, JYY17615 ♂, JYY17681 ♀, JYY17884 ♀, JYY17889 ♀, JYY17921 ♀; 1♂, Taiyanghe Nature Reserve, 1450 m, 2.IX.2014, leg. ZG Zhang, slide No. JYY17914; 20♂, 4♀, Damenkou, Taiyanghe Reserves, 7‒9. VI.2015, leg. ZG Zhang, slide Nos. JYY17890 ♂, JYY17913 ♂, JYY17919 ♀, JYY19841 ♂.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other species of the group by the sub-quadrate uncus, the horizontally widened mesial plate of the gnathos, and the valva having three apical processes and one small trapezoidal lobe.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 14). Forewing length 4.5‒5.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex shiny white, frons greyish brown, occiput dark ocherous brown. Labial palpus with basal and second palpomeres dark ocherous brown on outer surface, pale orange yellow on inner surface; third palpomere black except white at apex.Antenna with scape white on dorsal surface, greyish brown on ventral surface; flagellum black, annulated with white dorsally.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing orange yellow, mixed with grey and black scales between fold and dorsum; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot sub-triangular, from about basal 2/3 obliquely outward to middle of outer margin of cell; basal streak extending obliquely inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 oblique inward to anterior margin of cell, subparallel with basal streak; dorsal streak from distal 1/4 oblique outward to posterior margin of cell, then curved outward to before posterior angle of cell; tornal spot represented by diffused blackish grey scales beyond dorsal streak; apical and terminal spots separated, apical spot larger; fringe orange yellow except grey along distal part of dorsum. Hindwing and fringe greyish brown. Fore- and midlegs with dorsal surface white, ventral surface black, tibiae with white scale tufts at apex, tarsi with wide white distal band at basal two tarsomeres respectively, apical tarsomere of midleg white; hindleg brown ventrally, greyish brown dorsally, tarsus with basal tarsomere white apically, rest tarsomeres white, with two black bands on second and third tarsomeres basally.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 36). Uncus sub-quadrate, widened and obtuse apically, slightly produced outward posterolaterally. Gnathos as long as uncus; mesial plate horizontally widened, produced outward anterolaterally; basal arms wide, longer than mesial plate. Valva sub-rectangular, bilobed apically: dorsal lobe very short, digitate, with small denticles and tufted long setae distally, with fine spines along ventral margin, ventral lobe very long, wide at base, slightly narrowed to furcate apex, with fine spines along dorsal margin; costa with a large process widely apart basally, flagellate distally, curved at basal 1/3 almost by a right angle, then extending outward, with a small trapezoidal process at base on outer margin. Sacculus wide at base, lightly narrowed to base of ventroapical process. Saccus long, clavate, longer than valva excluding length of distal process. Juxta sub-rectangular, with digitate processes basolaterally; basal lobe slender, clavate, slightly longer than uncus. Aedeagus slender, slightly longer than valva; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 51). Apophyses anteriores about 2 times length of apophyses posteriores. Eighth segment rectangular, eighth sternum with a shallow longitudinal narrow groove medially. Antrum narrow, as long as ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous, uniformly broad. Corpus bursae ovate; signum a narrow band, with a line of small dentitions and ill-defined basal plate.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p> <p>Etymology. The epithet of the new species is derived from the Latin quadri- and processus, referring to the four processes of the valva in the male genitalia.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF98D35DBA9837BFD48E00D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFFA8D34DBA98206FE0EE3E0.text	725087B3FFFA8D34DBA98206FE0EE3E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis ramiformis Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis ramiformis Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 15, 37, 52)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, Bakaxiaozhai, Menglun Town, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna City, 620 m, 6.VIII.2011, leg. YH Sun &amp; LX Li, slide No. DZH10120. Paratypes (6♂, 2♀): 1♂, Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna City, 750 m, 25.X.2011, leg. BB Hu et al., slide No. DZH11019; 1♂, Nanla River, Bubeng Town, Mengla County, 652 m, 11.VII.2013, leg. SR Liu, slide No. LC 19478; 1♂, Bubeng, Xishuangbanna, 656 m, 22.VII.2014, leg. KJ Teng et al., slide No. JYY17198; 2♂, 1♀, Mt. Jinuo, Jinghong City, 1003 m, 26‒30.VII.2019, leg KJ Teng et al., slide Nos. LC 19329 ♂, LC19335 ♀, LC19777 ♂; 1♀, Damanlu Village, Menghai County, 1128 m, 2.VIII.2019, leg. KJ Teng et al., slide No. LC 19372. Thailand: 1♂, Wang Neua to Phayao Road, Phayao Province km 12.5, 600 m, 21.VII.1990, leg. I.J. Kitching &amp; A.M. Cotton, slide No. NHMUK-010316889.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the commotica group by features of the male genitalia: an apically three-lobed valva, a knife-like juxta, and a cornutus with a slender basal process curved inward to its middle.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 15). Forewing length 3.5‒4.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex snow white, frons slivery grey, occiput dark brown, mottled with white apically. Labial palpus with first and second palpomeres yellow, second palpomere black apically; third palpomere black except white at base and apex. Antenna with scape slivery grey, pecten dark brown; flagellum with basal three flagellomeres slivery grey on dorsal surface, remaining flagellomeres slivery grey alternated with black, dark brown on ventral surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula dark ocherous brown, tegula white on outer surface. Forewing ocherous yellow, ocherous brown between fold and dorsum; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot irregular quadrangular, from basal 3/5 slightly narrowed outward to posterior angle of cell; basal streak oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 1/2 reaching basal 1/3 of cell, then bent inward to basal 1/4 of anterior margin of cell; dorsal streak from basal 3/4 extending outward to above tornus; tornal spot small; apical spot large, triangular, its inner margin with dense black scales; fringe yellow, mottled with a few black scales. Hindwing and fringe grey. Foreleg black, except femur greyish white ventrally, tibia with a white spot at base and middle, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsus white at apex of basal tarsomere and on entire second tarsomere; midleg greyish white ventrally, black dorsally, tibia with a white spot at base, with a tuft of white scales at middle and apex respectively, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres and on entire apical tarsomere; hindleg greyish white ventrally, black dorsally, tarsus white at apices of basal four tarsomeres and on entire apical tarsomere.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 37). Uncus heavily sclerotized, hooked in distal half, point apically. Gnathos narrow lingulate, rounded apically. Tegumen furcate from posterior 1/3; lateral arms narrowed anteriorly. Valva narrow, subparallel, trilobed distally: dorsal lobe clubbed, rounded apically, with dense setae; middle lobe slightly shorter and slenderer than dorsal lobe, with dense setae on distal half, pointed at apex; ventral lobe extremely slender, approximately 2/3 length of dorsal lobe, rounded apically, with dense short setae; costa slightly convex; sacculus narrow, slightly broadened basally. Saccus slightly longer than uncus, subparallel laterally except narrowly rounded at apex. Juxta knife-shaped, equally wide from base to basal 2/3, distal 1/3 convex on left side, pointed at apex, reaching posterior margin of tegumen; basal lobe strong, arrow-like, narrowed to apex. Aedeagus strong, approximately 1.3 times length of valva, slightly narrow basally; cornutus strong, approximately half length of aedeagus, located at middle of aedeagus, rod-like, with slender basal process recurved to its middle.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 52). Apophyses anteriores approximately half as long as apophyses posteriores. Lamella postvaginalis V-shaped, widened and extended anteriorly; lamella antevaginalis sub-quadrate, concave shallowly in broad U-shape on posterior margin, with a quadrate cataphracted plate anteriorly, laterally banded, from wide base narrowed to posterior margin of eighth sternum, setose. Antrum uniformly wide. Ductus bursae inflated, weakly sclerotized, with longitudinal winkles, with a comb-like plate at base and two claw-like plates at middle, each plate consisting of several long spines. Corpus bursae membranous, ovate, as long as ductus bursae; signum absent.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan); Thailand.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin ramiformis, referring to the three distal lobes of the valva in the male genitalia.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFFA8D34DBA98206FE0EE3E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFFB8D3BDBA9826AFC97E399.text	725087B3FFFB8D3BDBA9826AFC97E399.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis senticosa Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis senticosa Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 16, 38, 53)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Tibet: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=97.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.63" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 97.42/lat 28.63)">Zhala Village</a> (28.63°N, 97.42°E), Chayu County, 2266 m, 29. VI.2019, leg. MJ Qi &amp; JQ Deng, slide No. LC 19424. Paratypes (23♂, 3♀): 22♂, 3♀, same data as holotype, slide No. LC 19308 ♀, LC19315 ♀, LC19314 ♂, LC19441 ♀; 1♂, Fangkongdong, Beibeng Town, Motuo County, 750 m, 31.VII‒1.VIII.2018, leg. MJ Qi, slide No. LC 19324.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species is similar to P. jezonica (Matsumura, 1931) by sharing a distally bilobed valva. The male genitalia of P. senticosa can be distinguished by the costal lobe of the valva about twice the length of the ventral lobe, and the juxta with a row of clustered fine spines in the distal 1/3; the female genitalia are distinguished by the posteriorly bilobed lamella postvaginalis and the corpus bursae bearing a small sclerite with spines at its entrance. In P. jezonica, the costal lobe of the valva is almost as long as the ventral lobe, and the juxta is smooth throughout; and the crown-shaped lamella postvaginalis has an acute median process on the posterior margin, and the corpus bursae lacks a sclerite at the entrance of the corpus bursae.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 16). Forewing length 4.0‒ 6.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Frons silvery grey, vertex snow white, occiput rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere rust brown mixed with black scales on outer surface, dark brown on inner surface; third palpomere black except white apically. Antenna with scape snowy white on dorsal surface, greyish white on ventral surface; flagellum black, with white annulation on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing ochreous yellow to ochreous brown; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot triangular, from distal 1/3 narrowed to posterior angle of cell; basal streak slender, oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 slightly widened to anterior margin of cell, slightly bent inward anteriorly; dorsal streak slender, from basal 2/3 oblique outward to before posterior angle of cell; tornal spot black, sub-triangular, extending inward to posterior margin of cell; pretornal spot white, small; distal patch black, from apex narrowed to posterior corner of termen; apical spot small, placed anteriorly of black distal patch; fringe yellow. Hindwing and fringe grey. Fore- and midlegs brownish grey ventrally, black dorsally, tibiae with white spot at base and middle respectively, with a tuft of white scales at apex, basal tarsomere white at base and apex, second tarsomere white apically; hindleg yellowish brown ventrally, greyish black dorsally, tarsus with basal three tarsomeres white apically, distal two tarsomeres white.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 38). Uncus wide at base, gradually narrowed to rounded apex. Gnathos as long as uncus, sclerotized laterally; mesial plate narrow, elongate sub-triangular, narrowed to rounded apex, with squamous protuberances distally; basal arms sub-quadrangular. Tegumen widened anteriorly; lateral arms narrowed anteriorly, inner margin roundly arched. Valvae with dorsal and ventral margins subparallel, bilobed distally: dorsal lobe strong, setose, extending obliquely dorsad and narrowed to a pointed apex, with a clustered fine spines distally; ventral lobe strong thumb-shaped, slightly bent inward distally, half as long as dorsal lobe, with dense setae, with a fine ridge extending from near base of its dorsal margin to before apex; costa very short; sacculus narrowly banded. Saccus shorter than uncus, subparallel to obtuse apex. Juxta curved, slender, pointed at apex, reaching base of uncus, with a row of clustered fine spines in distal 1/3; basal lobe slender, clubbed, reaching apex of saccus. Aedeagus almost as long as valva, straight, slender, apex produced triangularly, serrate on margins; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 53). Apophyses posteriores widened distally; apophyses anteriores about 2/3 length of apophyses posteriores. Eighth tergum sub-rectangular, straight on posterior margin. Lamella postvaginalis deeply concave on posterior margin, forming a pair of large posterolateral lobes sclerotized on inner margin, rounded apically, with spicules. Antrum long, narrowed anteriorly. Ductus bursae membranous, short, narrow. Corpus bursae elongate, about four times as long as ductus bursae, with a small sclerite bearing spines at entrance, a narrow serrate band running from posterior 1/6 to 1/2.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Tibet).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is derived from the Latin senticosus, referring to the clustered fine spines in the dorsal lobe of the valva and in the juxta.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFFB8D3BDBA9826AFC97E399	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF48D3ADBA981B2FDFAE279.text	725087B3FFF48D3ADBA981B2FDFAE279.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis similibellatula Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis similibellatula Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 17, 39, 54)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Sichuan: Holotype ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.97&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.07" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.97/lat 30.07)">Bifengxia</a> (30.07°N, 102.97°E), Ya’an City, 1115 m, 28.VI.2016, leg. KJ Teng &amp; XF Yang, slide No. JYY17610. Paratype (1♀): same data as holotype, slide No. JYY17918.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species is similar to P. bellatula Wang, 2006 in forewing pattern and in the features of the male genitalia. It can be distinguished from the latter by the juxta exceeding the base of the uncus, and the aedeagus almost as long as the valva; in P. bellatula, the juxta extends to about the middle of the tegumen, and the aedeagus is slightly shorter than the valva.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 17). Forewing length 6.0‒ 6.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex shining white, frons shining dark brown, occiput dark yellowish brown. Labial palpus with basal and second palpomeres dark ocherous brown on outer surface, orange yellow on inner surface, whitish along dorsal edge; third palpomere dark ocherous brown, white at apex. Antenna with scape white on dorsal surface, greyish brown on ventral surface; flagellum black, with white annulations dorsally.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula dark ochreous brown. Forewing orange yellow, with dense dark ocherous brown and black scales between fold and dorsum before end of fold; markings white edged with black scales: costal spot narrow, triangular, from beyond basal 2/3 oblique outward to posterior angle of cell; basal streak oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak straight, wide, from about dorsal 2/5 to anterior 1/3 from costal margin; dorsal streak from distal 1/4 extending obliquely outward to below and before posterior margin of cell, forming an inverted V-shaped; apical spot large, ovate, with a small spot above it, separated by black scales; terminal spot small, below apical spot; fringe orange yellow except brown on costal margin before apex. Hindwing and fringe greyish brown. Fore- and midlegs with dorsal surface white, ventral surface black, tibiae with white scale tufts at apex, tarsi with wide white distal band at basal two tarsomeres, white at apex; hindleg yellowish brown ventrally, greyish brown dorsally, tarsus with basal tarsomere white apically, rest tarsomeres white, with two black annuli on second and third tarsomeres basally.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 39). Uncus broad and parallel-sided from base to middle, narrowed gradually from middle to distal 1/4, then abruptly narrowed to pointed apex. Gnathos slightly longer than uncus, squamous near apex, rounded apically. Valva wide at base, narrowed to bilobed apex: dorsal lobe thumb-shaped, shorter than ventral lobe, rounded at apex, ventral lobe sub-rectangular, approximately 2.5 times as wide as dorsal process, setose ventrally, obtusely rounded apically; costa about 1/3 length of ventral margin; sacculus slightly narrowed from base to basal 2/3, distal 1/3 distinctly narrower. Saccus triangular, slightly longer than uncus, narrowly rounded apically. Juxta wide at base, narrowed to pointed and hooked apex, exceeding base of uncus apically, with small triangular process laterobasally, dentate and slightly produced from basal 1/6 to 1/3 along outer margin; basal lobe triangular, as large as laterobasal process. Aedeagus slender, curved, almost as long as valva, slightly dilated basally, shallowly bilobed distally; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 54). Apophyses anteriores longer than half length of apophyses posteriores. Eighth sternum sub-rectangular, straight on posterior margin. Lamella postvaginalis sub-rounded. Antrum short, cup-shaped. Ductus bursae with posterior 3/4 sclerotized, inflated, with sparse short spines from posterior 3/5 to 3/4, anterior 1/4 membranous. Corpus bursae rounded; with two plate-shaped signa bearing dense teeth medially.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Sichuan).</p> <p>Etymology. The epithet of the new species is derived from the Latin simili- and the congener bellatula, referring to the similarities of the two species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF48D3ADBA981B2FDFAE279	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF58D3ADBA98092FD20E0FB.text	725087B3FFF58D3ADBA98092FD20E0FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis spinosicornuta Du & Wang 2013	<div><p>Promalactis spinosicornuta Du &amp; Wang, 2013</p> <p>(Fig. 55)</p> <p>Promalactis spinosicornuta Du &amp; Wang, 2013, Zookeys, 285: 39. TL: China (Tibet). TD: IZCAS.</p> <p>Material examined. Tibet: 8♂, 3♀, Chengjiao, Motuo County, 1016 m, 4‒5.VIII.2018, leg. MJ Qi, slide Nos. LC 19318 ♀, LC19319 ♂, LC19778 ♀; 1♂, 80K, Motuo Road, Motuo County, 2076 m, 6.VIII.2018, leg. MJ Qi, slide No. LC 19322.</p> <p>Description. Female forewing length 5.0‒ 5.5 mm.</p> <p>Abdomen: Female genitalia (Fig. 55). Apophyses anteriores about half as long as apophyses posteriores. Eighth tergum sub-quadrangular, with sparse setae; eighth sternum rectangular, rounded and setose on posterior margin, incised in middle from posterior margin. Antrum cup-shaped, with a curved band arising from dorsal surface near posterior margin laterally. Ductus bursae long, coiled and scattered with several spines. Corpus bursae membranous, ovate, shorter than half length of ductus bursae; signum absent.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Tibet).</p> <p>Notes. The female is described for the first time.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF58D3ADBA98092FD20E0FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF58D39DBA9830DFD16E3E0.text	725087B3FFF58D39DBA9830DFD16E3E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis squamacea Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis squamacea Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 18, 40, 56)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Fujian: Holotype ♂, Mt. Wuyi, 740 m, 26.VII.2008, leg. WC Li et al., slide No. DZH12334.</p> <p>Paratypes (2♂, 1♀): same data as holotype, except 25‒27. V.2008, slide Nos. DZH12246 ♂, DZH12370 ♂, DZH12245 ♀.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other species of the group by the sub-rectangular gnathos, squamous distally and rounded apically in the male genitalia, and by the ductus bursae with about ten spines medially and the two large elongate elliptic signa full of squamous protuberances in the female genitalia.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 18). Forewing length 8.5‒9.0 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex dark brown, frons slivery, occiput dark brown mottled with slivery. Labial palpus with first and second palpomeres pale yellow on inner surface, ocherous brown on outer surface; third palpomere black, white at base and apex. Antenna with scape slivery white except dark brown on anterior and posterior margins; flagellum slivery white alternated with black on dorsal surface, dark brown on ventral surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula dark ocherous brown. Forewing dark ocherous brown, mottled with black scales on distal 1/4; markings slivery white, edged with black scales: costal spot triangular, from basal 3/5 reaching anterior angle of cell, with dense black scales anterolaterally; basal streak reaching base of fold discontinuously; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 extending to basal 1/3 of cell below anterior margin; dorsal streak from distal 1/3 oblique outward to before posterior angle of cell; tornal area with black scales diffused to costal spot; pretornal spot represented by a small dot; apical spot elliptic; terminal spot at posterior corner of termen, far from apical spot; fringe ocherous brown. Hindwing and fringe dark grey. Foreleg black, tibia with a white spot at base and middle, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres; midleg dark grey ventrally, black dorsally, tibia with a white spot at base, with a tuft of white scales at middle and apex respectively, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres and on entire apical tarsomere; hindleg dark grey ventrally, black dorsally, tarsus white at apices of basal two tarsomeres and on entire apical tarsomere.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 40). Uncus sub-triangular, wide at base, narrowed to obtuse apex, with sparse setae on distal half laterally. Gnathos approximately 3/4 length of uncus; mesial plate narrow sub-rectangular, scaly on distal 1/3, rounded apically; basal arms widely banded, short. Tegumen furcate from posterior 2/3; lateral arms narrowed to rounded apex. Valva sub-rectangular, rounded at apex; costa concave at base, convex medially; sacculus wide at base, narrowed to basal 3/4, distal 1/3 slightly widened and with dense setae, apex pointed and curved dorsad. Saccus 1.8 times length of uncus, parallel-sided laterally, rounded apically. Juxta with lateral lobes gradually narrowed to apex, reaching base of uncus apically; basal lobe slender, clubbed, reaching anterior 1/3 of saccus. Aedeagus slightly shorter than valva; cornutus slender, shorter than half length of aedeagus.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 56). Apophyses anteriores half as long as apophyses posteriores. Eighth sternum weakly sclerotized, wide, short, with dense spines and sparse setae. Antrum large, broad, slightly narrowed from posterior 1/3. Ductus bursae approximately 2 times length of corpus bursae, posterior 1/3 slender, sclerotized dorsally and laterally, anterior 2/3 inflated, membranous from anterior 2/3 to 3/5, with about ten spines, sclerotized from anterior 3/5 to corpus bursae on dorsal surface. Corpus bursae membranous, sub-rounded; with two large, elongate elliptic signa, full of squamous protuberances, each protuberance bearing a short spine.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Fujian).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin squamaceus, referring to the signa with squamous protuberances of the signum in the female genitalia.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF58D39DBA9830DFD16E3E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF68D38DBA9826AFE87E2ED.text	725087B3FFF68D38DBA9826AFE87E2ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis stenognatha Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis stenognatha Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 19, 41, 57)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, Linjiapu (25.29°N, 98.70°E), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.29" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.7/lat 25.29)">Tengchong</a>, 2144 m, 14.VIII.2014, leg. KJ Teng et al., slide No. JYY17593. Paratypes (6♂, 6♀): 1♂, 6♀, same data as holotype, except 14‒16.VIII.2014, slide Nos. HXM14206 ♀, JYY17846 ♀, JYY17847 ♀, LC19775 ♂; 1♂, Nankang, Baoshan, 2009 m, 10.VIII.2014, leg. KJ Teng et al., slide No. JYY17861; 1♂, Nankang, Baoshan, 2009 m, 17.VII.2015, leg. KJ Teng &amp; X Bai; 3♂, Mt. Xiaohei, Longling, 1974 m, 28‒30.VII.2015, leg. KJ Teng &amp; X Bai, slide Nos. JYY17583, JYY17582.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished by its narrow, slightly hooked gnathos, a costa with a large flagellate process, and a valva with two distal lobes curving in opposite directions.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 19). Forewing length 5.5‒6.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex shiny white, frons greyish brown, occiput dim rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere orange yellow, paler on inner surface; third palpomere blackish brown except white at apex. Antenna with scape white; flagellum black, with white annulations on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula pale ocherous brown to rust brown. Forewing orange yellow, with blackish brown scales between fold and dorsum; markings white edged with blackish brown scales: costal spot inverted sub-triangular, extending obliquely outward to above posterior angle of cell; basal streak oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 1/3 to anterior margin of cell, arched outward medially; dorsal streak from basal 3/5 oblique outward to distal 1/4 of posterior margin of cell; tornal spot blackish brown, narrowed and diffused inward to end of dorsal streak; pretornal spot white, very small; apical spot rounded; two terminal spots smaller than apical spot, weakly separated by black scales; fringe orange yellow except greyish brown around tornus. Hindwing and fringe deep grey. Fore- and midlegs white on ventral surface; dorsal surface black, tibiae with two white stripes, with white scale tufts at apex, tarsi white at apices of basal two tarsomeres; hindleg yellow, tinged with blackish brown on dorsal side, tarsus white except second and third tarsomeres blackish brown at base.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 41). Uncus narrowed from base to narrowly rounded apex. Gnathos as long as uncus; mesial plate wide at base, distinctly narrowed and heavily sclerotized to pointed apex distally, slightly curved, with dense denticles; lateral arms wider and shorter than mesial plate. Tegumen furcate from posterior 1/3; lateral arms slightly narrowed to rounded apex. Valva relatively narrow, sub-parallel, with two distal lobes curving in opposite direction, forming a broad U-shape: dorsal lobe slender, extending dorsad, curved, rounded at apex, with a tooth at about middle; ventral lobe narrowed to apex, with an apical spine; costa with a long flagellate process arising from before dorsoapical process, far exceeding apex of dorsoapical process, with a longitudinal patch of long setae distally; sacculus ill-defined. Saccus slightly shorter than uncus, rounded anteriorly. Juxta broad, slightly widened to obtuse apex; basal lobe slender, longer than uncus. Aedeagus longer than valva, slightly curved, triangularly produced and with fine wrinkles distally, with fine denticles apically; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 57). Apophyses posteriores 4 times length of apophyses anteriores. Lamella postvaginalis rectangular, longer than wide, notched at middle on posterior margin; lamella antevaginalis broad, deeply concave at middle on posterior margin, forming rounded posterolateral lobes with sparse setae, lateral margin with denticles along posterior half, concave at posterior 1/3. Antrum cup-shaped. Ductus bursae with basal 2/3 heavily sclerotized, slender, uniform; distal 1/3 broadened, membranous, with a sclerotized narrow coiled belt bearing 1‒2 short spines. Corpus bursae ovate, shorter than ductus bursae; signum an elongate ovate plate with two short denticles.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p> <p>Etymology. The epithet of the new species is derived from the Greek steno- and gnathus, referring to the narrow hooked gnathos.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF68D38DBA9826AFE87E2ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF78D3FDBA98166FCECE5A1.text	725087B3FFF78D3FDBA98166FCECE5A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis subgladiata Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis subgladiata Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 20, 42, 58)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Hunan: Holotype ♂, Jiangjunzhai, Mangshan, Yizhang County, 1239 m, 26.VII.2020, leg. H Sun et al., slide No. LC 19714. Paratypes (4♀): same data as holotype, slide No. LC 19767 ♀.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species is similar to P. gladiata Wang, 2016 in the male genitalia. It can be distinguished by the distally bifurcate uncus with a pointed apex, and the costa of the valva distally extending ventrad to above and before the ventro-apical corner; in P. gladiata, the uncus is apically rounded, and the costa of the valva does not extend ventrad distally.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 20). Forewing length 8.0 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex white, frons and occiput yellowish brown. Labial palpus with basal and second palpomeres pale yellow; third palpomere dark brown, white at apex. Antenna with scape white, flagellum dark brown on ventral surface, basal several flagellomeres white and remaining flagellomeres white alternated with dark brown on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax dark greyish brown; tegula dark rust brown. Forewing yellow; markings white edged with greyish black scales: costal spot sub-triangular, from distal 1/3 reaching posterior angle of cell; basal streak reaching base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 1/3 reaching basal 1/3 of cell below anterior margin; dorsal streak from distal 1/4 extending to distal 1/4 of posterior margin of cell, then bent obliquely outward to before tornus; tornal spot deep grey, with diffused blackish brown scales; apical spot ovate; dense grey and black scales from below apical spot along termen to tornus, forming a band; fringe ochreous yellow except grey around tornus. Hindwing and fringe grey. Fore- and midlegs black; tibiae with white spot at base and middle respectively, with a tuft of white scales at apex, tarsi white at apex of each tarsomeres; hindleg greyish yellow, tinged with brown scales.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 42). Uncus wide at base, distal 1/5 bifurcate, forming two triangular lobes with pointed apices. Gnathos slightly shorter than uncus; mesial plate narrow triangular, sclerotized laterally; basal arms wide at base, narrowed to mesial plate. Tegumen widened medially; lateral arms distinctly narrowed to apex. Valva elongately narrow, basal 2/3 parallel-sided, distal 1/3 slightly dilated, rounded apically; costal margin deeply incised beyond costa, forming a broad lanceolate distal process; costa widely parallel from base to basal 2/3, then widened and extending ventrad to above and before ventroapical corner of valva, curved dorsad and forming a free distal process bearing two spines distally; sacculus wide, more than 2/3 width of valva. Saccus shorter than uncus. Juxta narrow basally, separated distally; lateral arms slender, straight; basal lobe slender, short. Aedeagus shorter than valva, straight, acute at apex; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 58). Apophyses posteriores greater than twice length of apophyses anteriores; apophyses anteriores thicker. Lamella postvaginalis large, sub-quadrate, concave semicircularly at middle on posterior margin, with a heavily sclerotized, narrow triangular process arising below concavity medially. Seventh sternum semicircular, rounded on posterior margin. Ductus bursae with posterior half uniform, posterior 1/3 heavily sclerotized, anterior 2/3 inflated, partly sclerotized. Corpus bursae ovate, shorter than corpus bursae, granulate; signum rhomboidal, with two denticles.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Hunan).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin sub- and the congener gladiata, referring to the similarities of the two species in features of the male genitalia.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF78D3FDBA98166FCECE5A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF08D3EDBA987AAFB44E7F1.text	725087B3FFF08D3EDBA987AAFB44E7F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis tengchongensis Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis tengchongensis Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 21, 43)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Yunnan: Holotype ♂, Linjiapu (25.29°N, 98.70°E), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.29" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.7/lat 25.29)">Tengchong City</a>, 2144 m, 15.VIII.2014, leg. KJ Teng et al., slide No. HXM14152. Paratypes (9♂): 7♂, same data as holotype, except 14‒16.VIII.2014, slide Nos. JYY17845, HXM14153, JYY17435, JYY17436, JYY17437; 1♂, Nankang, Baoshan, 2009 m, 17.VIII.2014, leg. KJ Teng, slide No. LC 19592; 1♂, Dahaoping, Tengchong County, 2020 m, 11.VIII.2015, leg. KL Liu &amp; JX Zhao, slide No. LC 19350.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other species of the group by the unique male genitalia in which both the uncus and gnathos are bilobed distally, and the dorsal lobe of the valva has a tuft of scales.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 21). Forewing length 5.5‒7.0 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex and frons greyish brown, occiput rust brown. Labial palpus with second palpomere orange yellow, paler on inner surface; third palpomere blackish brown except white at apex. Antenna with scape white; flagellum black, with white annulations on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula pale ocherous brown to rust brown. Forewing orange yellow, with dense blackish brown scales between fold and dorsum; markings white edged with blackish brown scales: costal spot inverted sub-triangular, extending from between basal 3/5 and beyond distal 1/4 to posterior angle of cell; basal streak slender, oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 2/5 to anterior margin of cell, then bent inward; dorsal streak arched, from basal 3/5 oblique outward to posterior margin of cell; tornal spot blackish brown, diffused inward to end of dorsal streak, pretornal spot represented by a few white scales; apical spot large, ovate, not well separated from terminal spots; fringe orange yellow except greyish brown around tornus. Hindwing and fringe deep grey. Fore- and midlegs white on ventral surface; dorsal surface black, tibiae with two white dots, with white scale tufts at apex, tarsi white at apices of basal two tarsomeres; hindleg with ventral side yellow, dorsal side brown except tarsus white distally at each tarsomere.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 43). Uncus with basal 2/3 parallel-sided, distal 1/3 bifurcate in broad V-shape, each lobe narrowed to pointed apex. Gnathos approximately as long as uncus; mesial plate sub-rectangular, squamous on distal 3/5; apex broadly concave at middle, forming two lobes anterolaterally; basal arms shorter than mesial plate. Tegumen furcate from posterior 1/4; lateral arms slightly narrowed to rounded apex. Valva sub-parallel-sided basally, bilobed distally: dorsal lobe lanceolate, with setae along middle longitudinally, forming a distinct distal tuft of long setae, rounded at apex; ventral lobe with dorsal margin straight, ventral margin roundly produced and setose basally, deeply concave inward and narrowed beyond middle, widened and with tiny denticles distally, obtuse at apex; costa very short, shorter than dorsal lobe; sacculus narrow, not distinct basally. Saccus shorter than uncus, rounded at apex. Juxta narrow in basal 1/3, parallel-sided from basal 1/3 to distal 4/5 laterally, then obliquely narrowed to pointed apex on right side, with fine tufted setae; basal lobe clubbed, extremely slender, longer than saccus. Aedeagus shorter than valva, spatulate distally, with denticles apically; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p> <p>Etymology. This specific epithet refers to the type locality, Tengchong, Yunnan Province.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF08D3EDBA987AAFB44E7F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
725087B3FFF18D3EDBA9861AFD9EE101.text	725087B3FFF18D3EDBA9861AFD9EE101.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promalactis triangulivalva Wang & Liu 2021	<div><p>Promalactis triangulivalva Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 22, 44)</p> <p>Type material. CHINA, Zhejiang: Holotype ♂, Huangshayao Town (28.42°N, 118.82°E), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.82&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.42" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.82/lat 28.42)">Jiulongshan</a>, Suichang County, Lishui City, 360 m, 24.V.2017, leg. SN Qian &amp; JE Lee, slide No. JYY17244.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species is superficially similar to P. scleroidea Wang, 2006 and P. svetlanae Lvovsky, 1985 by having a dark costal spot with a few white scales. It can be distinguished from P. scleroidea by the symmetrical sacculus lacking a distal process in the male genitalia, while the asymmetrical sacculus has a distal process in P. scleroidea. It can be separated from P. svetlanae by the triangular valva without a distal process and the gnathos having an ovate mesial plate, while the sub-quadrate valva has a distal process and the mesial plate of the gnathos is rectangular in P. svetlanae.</p> <p>Description. Adult (Fig. 22). Forewing length 5.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Vertex and frons silvery grey, occiput ocherous red. Labial palpus ocherous red, paler on inner surface of second palpomere; third palpomere rust brown distally on outer surface, acute at apical. Antenna with scape silvery white; flagellum black, with white annulations on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Thorax: Dorsum of mesothorax and tegula rust brown. Forewing reddish brown; costal spot from basal 2/3 crossing anterior angle of cell, black, with a few white scales anteriorly, with a white spot posteriorly; three slender white streaks edged with black scales: basal streak oblique inward to base of fold; antemedian streak from dorsal 1/3 direct to anterior margin of cell; dorsal streak from before tornus oblique outward to before posterior angle of cell; fringe orange yellow except dark brown along distal part of costal margin. Hindwing and fringe deep grey. Fore- and midlegs white on dorsal surface, blackish brown on ventral surface, tibiae with white scale tufts at apex, basal two tarsomeres and fifth tarsomere with white dot at apex; hindleg blackish brown except white at apices of basal two tarsomeres.</p> <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 44). Uncus sub-quadrate, with shallow notch at middle of apex. Gnathos conspicuously longer than uncus; mesial plate ovate, scaly; basal arms narrowly banded, twice length of mesial plate. Tegumen broad, widened medially; lateral arms narrowed toward apex. Valva obovate, narrowed from broad base to rounded apex, with a flap near apex; costa nearly straight, with strong setae; sacculus wider, setose, with a triangular process before middle on dorsal margin. Saccus greater than twice length of uncus, nearly uniformly narrow to rounded apex. Juxta broadly V-shaped, weakly sclerotized. Aedeagus nearly twice as long as valva, tubular; cornutus short, 1/7 length of aedeagus.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Zhejiang).</p> <p>Etymology. The epithet of the new species is derived from the Latin triangulus and the term valva, referring to the shape of the valva of the male genitalia.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725087B3FFF18D3EDBA9861AFD9EE101	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wang, Shuxia;Liu, Chen	Wang, Shuxia, Liu, Chen (2021): Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) X. The commotica species-group, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 293-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.4
