taxonID	type	description	language	source
022487BFFFDBFF99FF24FC37FB51F895.taxon	type_taxon	[Type: Lohmannella Trouessart, 1901]	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFDBFF99FF24FC37FB51F895.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Idiosoma obovoid. Four dorsal plates (AD, right and left OC, and PD) and four ventral plates (AE, right and left PE, and GA) fundamentally present, but OC occasionally reduced. Palpi slender, two- or four- segmented, and placed dorsally or laterally on the gnathosoma base. Rostrum elongate, almost the same length as the palpi, and parallel-sided for most of the length. Lc developed, but median claw sometimes vestigial.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFDBFF99FF24FC37FB51F895.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The subfamily Lohmannellinae was originally erected by Viets (1927 a) to include two genera Lohmannella Trouessart, 1888, and Scaptognathus Trouessart, 1889. At that time, Porolohmannella violacea was incorporated into Lohmannella in the Viets’s system. Afterwards, the genus Porolohmannella was established by Viets (1933) based on Porolohmannella violacea as the type. At present, Lohmannellinae consists of five genera: Lohmannella Trouessart, 1888; Porolohmannella Viets, 1933; Scaptognathus Trouessart, 1889; Scaptognathides Monniot, 1972; and Xenohalacarus Otto, 2000. Bartsch (1996 a) moved three freshwater species in the genus Porolohmannella into Lohmannella. Therefore, Porolohmannella contains a single freshwater species and Lohmannella consists of a large number of marine, brackishwater, and freshwater species. Scaptognathides was established by Monniot (1972) based on Scaptognathides planus as the type collected from the Bermudas. Xenohalacarus was most recently erected by Otto (2000 a) based on Xenohalacarus longirostris as the type from the Queensland Plateau in Australia. At present, Xenohalacarus contains a single species. As mentioned before, Newell (1984) raised this subfamily to the familial rank Lohmannellidae, which in those days included marine and freshwater genera with dorsally attached palpi on the base of the gnathosoma. However, as Otto (2000 b) mentioned, the dorsally attached palpi on the gnathosoma would be considered a plesiomorphic state, because this characteristic spreads over various taxa in Acari. Therefore, in the present paper, Lohmannellinae retains its subfamilial rank, because positive evidence of the alteration could not be obtained under the existing circumstances. However, there still remains a possibility that the constituent of the subfamily will be changed depending on a phylogenetic tree-topology. Especially, as Otto (2000 a) suggested, the assignment of Xenohalacarus to Lohmannellinae was tentative and the systematic position has not been verified in recent molecular phylogenetics. Further molecular phylogenetic work will be required before an explicable system can be attained.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFDAFF98FF24FA50FE20F80A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cornea absent. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on AD. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 17 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 5 - 3 - 3 setae; Gn I – IV with (7,8) - 6 - 3 - 3 setae, 4 - 0 - 0 - 1 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 8 - 5 - 5 setae, 5 - 1 - 1 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 3 - 2 - 1 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I smooth. Idiosoma length 385 (holotype) in female, 330 in DN. Idiosoma width 299 (holotype). Gnathosoma length 233 (holotype). Gnathosoma width 104 (holotype). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.60 (holotype). Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.20. Remarks. Most distinct characteristic is that palpi are situated dorsally, but distinctly separate each other. Other characteristics are that PE with 4 setae, 6 Sgs in female, Ds- 2 situated on AD, P- 2 with 1 spiniform ventral seta, and Gn I, Tb I, and Ta I with 4, 5, and 3 ventral Bp setae, respectively. Glps are small, although Lohmannella species of southern hemisphere generally have large Glps. Female and DN are known. Habitat. Bathyal zone (2893 m): Sediment at 0 – 10 cm depth from the surface. Distribution. Antarctic Ocean: Drake Passage and off the South Shetland Is. (60 ° 38.464 ’ S, 53 ° 57.27 ’ W) [Antarctica]. Reference. Bartsch (2005 b). Depository. SMF.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFDAFF98FF24FCACFB36FA67.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Lohmannella falcata (Hodge, 1863) Diagnosis. Idiosoma wide and flattened. Dorsal and ventral plates large. Idiosoma with 5 pairs of Glps; Glp- 2 sometimes on platelets within striated integument. Dorsum with 6 pairs of setae. Adanal setae present. AE with 3 or 4 pairs of setae. PE each with generally 4 or 5 setae. GA with Pgs. Sgs present on GS. GS furnished with external genital acetabula in brackishwater and freshwater species. Gnathosoma much longer than wide. Gnathosoma base without maxillary setae. Rostrum slender, parallel-sided, longer than gnathosomal base. Palpi 4 - segmented, both adjacent or rarely separated from each other by width of P- 1. P- 2 with 2 dorsal setae; P- 3 with a spur. Legs slender; Gn much shorter than adjoining segments. Lc I – IV crescent-like, without comb. Median claw undeveloped. The general structures of the genus is schematically shown in Fig. 4. Remarks. The genus was established by Trouessart in Trouessart & Neumann (1901). The genera Leptognathus Hodge, 1863 and Trouessartella Lohmann, 1901 are equivalent to this genus. The majority of species in southern hemisphere have large Glps on AD, OC, and PD, which are rare in northern hemisphere species. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution and is widely distributed without regard to marine, brackishwater, and freshwater. References. Trouessart & Neumann (1901), Newell (1984), Bartsch (2006 b, 2007 b).	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD5FF97FF24FF77FE20FD82.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 16 Pgs and 10 Sgs. Tr I – II with 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 -? - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 5 - 6 - 4 - 3 setae; Gn I – IV with 8 - 6 - 4 - 4 setae, 4 - 1 -? - 1 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 10 - 9 - 8 - 8 setae, 6 - 4 - 2 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 378, width 260 in female. Gnathosoma length 266 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.704. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.29. Remarks. This species was described by Bartsch (1992) on the basis of a single female specimen. The species is similar to L. grandipora Newell, 1984. L. africana is distiguishable from the latter by the presence of dorsal panels on PD. A single female is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse shell fragments on beach. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Gonubie (East London) [South Africa]. Reference. Bartsch (1992). Depository. SMF.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD5FF97FF24FD6FFCC3FB9F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two (?) dorsal setae on PE. Male with 29 Pgs and 4 (?) Sgs. Bf I – II with 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – II with 4 - 4 setae; Gn I – II with 4 - 4 setae; Tb I – II with 8 - 8 setae, 5 - 5 Bp setae. Lc I smooth (?). Idiosoma length 360 in male. Gnathosoma length 210 in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.583. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.22. Remarks. The species was described by Angelier (1951) under the name of Porolohmannella andrei. According to the drawings by Angelier (1951), maxillary seta is given on the gnathosoma base. However, other Lohmannella species do not have setae on the gnathosoma base. It might be probable that the drawing is erroneous. Bartsch (1996 a) moved this species into the genus Lohmannella. Two male specimens are known. Habitat. Inland freshwater: Gravels on riverside. Distribution. Palearctic Realm: Prats-de-Mollo (Pyrénées), Banyuls-sur-mer (Pyrénées) [France]. References. Angelier (1951, 1952, 1953 c, 1965), Bartsch (1982 a, 1996 a, 2007 b), Petrova (1874, 1984), Ruffo (1961), Schwoerbel (1986), Teschner (1988), Viets, K. O. (1967). Depository. Unknown [The type does not exist in MNHNP].	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD5FF97FF24FB4BFE47F8E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One cornea present. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 16 – 18 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 54 Pgs and 8 (?) Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with (7,8) - (7,8) - 6 - 6 setae; Gn I – IV with 8 - (7,8) - 4 - 4 setae, 4 -? - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 12 - (10,11) - (7,8) - 7 setae, 6 - (3 - 5) - (3,4) - (3,4) Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - (1,2) - 2 - (1,2) Bp setae. Lc I with either no or unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 430 – 470 in female, 420 – 430 in male. Idiosoma width 350 (idiosoma length 447). Gnathosoma length 230 – 270 in adults. Gnathosoma width 101 (gnathosoma length 267). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.55 – 0.60 in adults. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.17. Remarks. The species resembles L. reticulata, but differs from the latter in that Glp- 3 closer to the lateral margin of OC, Ds- 5 close to Glp- 4, and basal pair of rostral setae in distal half of the rostrum. Female, male, nymphs (stages are unclear), and LV are known. Habitat. Littoral – Bathyal zones (0 – 460 m): Crevices formed by hapteres, colonial organisms (bryozoans, etc.), and stranded Phyllogigas grandifolius (Phaeophyta). Distribution. Antarctic Onean: Anvers Is. (Palmer Peninsular), Terre Adélie (Pointe Géologie Archipelago), Ross Is. (McMurdo Station) [Antarctica]. References. Bartsch (1993 b), Newell (1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD5FF96FF24F8D3FE07FE33.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One cornea present. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on AD. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 16 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 30 – 38 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 5 - 5 - 6 - 4 setae; Gn I – IV with 8 - 6 - 4 - (3,4) setae, 4 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 9 - 7 - 7 setae, 6 - 5 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 241 – 256 in female, 215 – 263 (holotype 241) in male. Idiosoma width 192. Gnathosoma length 193 in male. Gnathosoma width 85 in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.80 in male. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.67. Remarks. The species is recognized by having 2 ventral spines on P- 2 and PD with rounded anterior margin. This species is the smallest yet recorded in the genus. Female, male, DN are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse sediment at 2 – 15 cm depth from the surface. Distribution. Indian Ocean; Cape Vlamingh, North Point Parakeet Bay (Rottnest Is.) [Australia]. Reference. Bartsch (1993 a). Depository. WAMP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD4FF96FF24FE1FFE19FBF3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One cornea present. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 20 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with ca. 85 Pgs and 6 (?) Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 7 - 7 - 5 - 4 setae; Gn I – IV with 7 - (6,7) - 4 - 3 setae, (2, 3) - 2 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (12,13) - (11,12) - 7 - 8 setae, 6 - 3 - 1 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 Bp setae. Lc I with multidentate heavy accessory process. Idiosoma length 403 in female, 500 in male. Idiosoma width 320 (Idiosoma length 403). Gnathosoma length 231 in female, 286 in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.59 in male. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.29. Remarks. This species is characterized by Lc I – IV with accessory process. Although P- 3 lacks ventral spine according to the original figure, it will be probably due to overlooking. Female and male are known. Non-type specimen is deposited in the Vites Collection (No. 7220) of ZIZMH. Habitat. Littoral zone: Gravels, crevices, kelp holdfasts, and algae (Palmeria georgica, Rhodophyta). Distribution. South Atlantic Ocean: Berkeley Strait (Falkland Is.), Husvik Harbour (South Georgia) [UK]. References. Bartsch (1977 b), Imamura (1968), Newell (1984), Pugh & Bartsch (1993), Viets (1950 a). Depository. NRMS.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD4FF96FF24FBDFFE47FA23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Glp- 1 anterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 16 – 18 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 54 – 56 Pgs and 8 Sgs. P- 2 with 2 ventral spines. Tb I with 6 ventral setae; Ta III – IV with 4 - 3 dorsal and 2 - 1 Bp ventral setae. Lc I with partial inflation near the middle of the claw shaft and unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 395 – 425 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.43. Remarks. The species resembles L. grandipora, but differs in having shorter palpi, stouter P- 2, and more ventrally placed Glp- 2. Female and male are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse sands at low – mid tide zones. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Fuerte Bulnes [Chile]. Reference. Newell (1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD4FF96FF24FA0FFE47F85B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One cornea present. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on margin of PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 16 – 18 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - (3,4) - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 7 - 7 - 5 - 4 setae; Gn I – IV with 8 - (7,8) - 4 - 4 setae, 4 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (12,13) - 11 - (6,7) - 7 setae, 6 - 5 - (2,3) - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 385 in female. Idiosoma width 307 (idiosoma length 385) in female. Gnathosoma length 230 (idiosoma length 385) in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.60 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.00. Remarks. The species is distinguished from the other Antarctic species by the pyriform PD, lacking of epicuticular reticulation and porous areolae on dorsal plates. Female is known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Bottom sediment at 100 m depth. Distribution. South Atlantic Ocean: South Sandwich Is. [UK]. Reference. Bartsch (1993 b). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD7FF95FF24FF77FE15FD2F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 on OC. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. One dorsal seta on PE. Female with 4 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Male with ca. 46 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I with 1 seta; Bf I with 1 seta; Tf I with 7 setae; Gn I with 6 setae; Tb I with 7 setae, 6 Bp setae; Ta I with 3 dorsal setae. Lc I smooth (?). Idiosoma length 420 in female, 390 in male. Idiosoma width 276 (idiosoma length 420) in female, 240 in male. Gnathosoma length 231 in female, 286 in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.57 in male (idiosoma length 390). Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.00. Remarks. The species was described by Petrova (1969) under the name of Porolohmannella curvimandibulata. Bartsch (1996 a) moved this species into the genus Lohmannella. This species is simiar to L. cvetkovi and L. stammeri. The idiosoma is more elongate than that in L. cvetkovi. AD is rectangular with round anterior and concave posterior margins. Chelicera is strongly bending. Bartsch (2007 b) suggested to re-examine the specific status of L. curvimandibulata, L. cvetkovi, and L. stammerii. Female, male, and nymphs (stages are unclear) are known. Habitat. Inland freshwater: In spring and well. Distribution. Palearctic Realm: Polsko Kosovo [Bulgaria]. References. Bartsch (1982 a, 1996 a, 2007 b), Petrova (1969, 1974, 1984), Schwoerbel (1986), Teschner (1988). Depository. IZMS.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD7FF95FF24FD14FE7EFA91.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on OC. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. One dorsal seta on PE. Female with 4 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Male with ca. 46 Pgs. Bf I with 1 seta; Tf I with 6 setae; Gn I with 6 setae; Tb I with 8 setae, 4 Bp setae; Ta I with 3 dorsal setae. Lc I smooth (?). Idiosoma length 324 – 408 in male. Idiosoma width 228 – 270 in male. Gnathosoma length 246 in adults. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.76 in male. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.50. Remarks. The species was described by Petrova (1965) under the name of Porolohmannella cvetkovi. Bartsch (1996 a) moved this species into the genus Lohmannella. This species is similar to L. curvimandibulata and L. stammeri. This species is distinguished from the other by having distal hair-brush (?) on the femora of Leg I. However, it is possible that the distal hair-brush is just some sort of fouling. According to the original figuration, the number of gential acetabula is different between sexes: 2 pairs in females and 3 pairs in males. However, there will be probably 3 pairs in adults. Female and male are known. Habitat. Inland freshwater: In spring and well. Distribution. Palearctic Realm: Polikraiste (Tirnovo), Marica River, Ai-Bunar (Stara Zagora), Sismanovo (Haskovo), Rosika River, Jantra River, Zlatica-Pirdop Basin [Bulgaria]. References. Bartsch (1982 a, 1996 a, 2007 b), Petrova (1965, 1969, 1974, 1984), Petrova et al. (1991), Schwoerbel (1986), Teschner (1988). Depository. IZMS (?).	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD7FF95FF24FA7AFE47F884.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on margin of PD. Three dorsal setae on PE. Female with 16 – 20 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 10 - 10 - 8 - 6 setae; Gn I – IV with 10 - 10 - 6 - 8 setae, 5 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 15 - 13 - 11 - 11 setae, 8 - 6 - 6 - 6 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 3 - 3 - 3 Bp setae. Lc I smooth, without accessory process. Idiosoma length 515 in female. Idiosoma width 422 in female. Gnathosoma length 484 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.94. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.75. Remarks. The species is characterized by adanal setae on the anal papilla, long and ventrally convex P- 2, slender legs, Tb I with 8 Bp setae, and Ta I – IV with 2 - 3 - 3 - 3 Bp setae. Single female is known. Habitat. Bathyal zone: Bottom sediment at 1427 – 1643 m depth. Distribution. South Atlantic Onean: 9 ° 05 ’ S, 12 ° 17 ’ E – 8 ° 51 ’ S, 12 ° 15 ’ E (Off Luanda). Reference. Bartsch (1988 b). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD7FF94FF24F872FE20FD83.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 43 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 -? -? - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 -? - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 10 - 7 -? - 4 setae; Gn I – IV with 7 - 6 -? - 3 setae, 2 - 0 -? - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 12 - 11 - 8 - 8 setae, (7,8) - 3 - 1 - 1 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 2 - 4 - 4 Bp setae. Lc I smooth, without accessory process. Idiosoma length 375 in female. Idiosoma width 248 in female. Gnathosoma length 255 in female. Gnathosoma width 183 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.68. Remarks. This species is distinguished from congeners by having dorsally fused right and left P- 1. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral – Sublittoral zones: Algae and sponges covering dead corals, coarse sands, gravels, and rubbles at 0.5 – 17 m depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Bora Bora (Society Is.) [France]. Elizabeth Reef, Myrmidon Reef, Loadstone Reef, Club 21 Reef, Great Palm I (Cannon Bay), Boulder Reef (Great Barrier Reef), Lihou Reef (Queensland Plateau) [Australia]. References. Bartsch (1992), Otto (2000 b). Depository. SMF.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD6FF93FF24FD68FE17FA9B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae usually present (varies 0 – 2). Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 32 – 34 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 75 – 79 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 7 - 5 - 5 setae; Gn I – IV with 8 - 8 - 5 - 5 setae, (2 – 4) - 4 - 2 - 2 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 11 - 9 - 7 - 6 setae, (5,6) - 5 - 4 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - (3,4) dorsal setae, (1,2) - 1 - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with either no or unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 298 – 515 in female, 335 – 490 in male, 298 – 402 in DN, 240 – 292 in PN, 168 in LV. Idiosoma width 291 (idiosoma length 374) and 308 (idiosoma length 375) in male. Gnathosoma length 232 – 260 (idiosoma length 397 – 417) in female, 218 (idiosoma length 375) in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.56 – 0.65. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.70 – 4.40. Remarks. The species was originally described by Hodge (1863) under the name of Leptognathus falcatus. Trouessartella falcata Lohmann, 1901 and Leptognathus marinus Lohmann, 1889 are equivalent to this species. This species has very long rostrum and palpi. In the male, the genital foramen is surrounded by a dense corona of more than 60 Pgs and flanked by 4 or 5 pairs of outlying setae. Female, male, DN, PN, and LV are known.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD6FF93FF24FD68FE17FA9B.taxon	description	Habitat. Littoral – Bathyal zones (0 – 2992 m): Coarse sands, gravels, shell fragments, sediments with Lima hians, Lasaea rubra (Bivalvia), algae (Corallina officinalis, Corallina spp., Porphyra umbilialis, Phyllophora spp., Laurencia obtusa, Laurencia pinnatifida, Lithothamnion spp. (Rhodophyta), Cystoseira crinita, Fucus serratus, Laminaria digitata, Laminaria ochroleuca, Alaria macroptera, Stictyosiphon tortillis, Chordaria flagelliformis (Phaeophyta), Enteromorpha spp., Ulva lactuca, Cladophora spp. (Chlorophyta )), Laminaria - hapteres, sponges, mussels (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus spp., Modiolus spp.), barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides), bryozoans, hydroids, ascidians (Ascidiella aspersa), and lichens (Lichina pygmaea). Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Rhode Island, Pettaquamscutt, Block Island [USA]. Hatte Sund, Bergen [Norway]. Skagerrak coast, Trosa (Askö Is.), Bonden Is., Hindersön (Gulf of Bothnia) [Sweden]. Store Baelt, Langeland Baelt, Öresund [Denmark]. Heiligenhafen, Kiel (Kieler Förde), Sylt, Helgoland, Scholpin-, Stolper-, Mittel- and Hoborg-Bank [Germany]. Den Helder, Vlissingen [Netherlands]. Pasvde-Calais, Wimereux, Grandcamp-les-Bains, St. Marcouf, Omonville-la-Rogue, Granville, Roscoff (Bay of Morlaix), Le Croisic (Bay of Biscay), Bay of Arcachon [France]. Mouro Is. (43 ° 28 ’ 24 ’’ N, 3 ° 45 ’ 22 ’’ W) [Spain]. West Cork, West Galway, Blacksod Bay, West Donegal [Ireland]. St. Andrews, Northumberland, Cullercoats, Sunderland, Seaham, Whitby, Robin Hood’s Bay (Yorkshire coast), Norfolk, Whitstable, Herne bay, Duke Rock, Dorset, Devon, Plymouth, Cornwall, Scilly Isles, Gower Peninsula, Pembrokeshire, Dale, Bangor, Caernarvon, Menai Straits, Isle of Cumbrae, Down, Strangford Narrows, Hebrides, Shetlands [UK]. Mediterranean: Banyuls-sur-Mer, Le Troc, Les Elmes, Peyrefitte, Île If, Île Ratonneau [France]. Meloria [Italy]. Hamitbey Plajý (Antalya) [Turkey]. Split [Dalmatia (Croatia)]. Monaco [Monaco]. Black Sea: Sozopol, Burgas, Pomorie, Anchialo [Bulgaria]. Vama Veche, Agigea, Danube Delta [Romania]. Odessa Bay [Ukraine]. Caucasian coast [Russia]. North Pacific Ocean: Provideniya, Zaliv Kresta, Kamchatka, Kuril Is. (Paramushir, Simushir) [Russia]. South Pacific Ocean: Tiera del Fuego [Argentina]. Indian Ocean: Kerguelen Is. [France]. Antarctic Ocean: George V Coast, Palmer Archipelago, Victoria Land, Port- Lockroy, Peterman Is., Gauss-Station, Wilhelm II Coast [Antarctica]. References. André (1928, 1933, 1940, 1946), Andre & Lamy (1930), Angelier (1950, 1951, 1953 a), Antipa (1941), Arndt & Viets (1939), Baçesco (1963), Baker (1982), Bamber (1982), Bartsch (1972, 1973 a, b, 1975, 1976, 1977 b, 1978 a, 1979 a, d, e, 1982 b, 1983, 1985 a, b, 1986 b, 1988 b, 1989 a, b, c, 1991 b, 2004 b), Bartsch & Smit (2006), Brady (1875), Chartosia et al. (2018), Chichkoff (1907, 1912), Dahl (1948), Dalenius (1965), Delamare Deboutteville (1954), Farran (1915), Fountain (1949, 1953), Gadeau de Kerville (1894, 1898, 1901), Giard (1888), Gimbel (1919), Green & Macquitty (1987), Gressitt (1967), Hagerman (1966), Halbert (1915), Hallas (1978), Hamond (1973), Hodge (1863), Imamura (1968), Kautsky (1974), Konnerth-Ionescu (1971 a, b, 1981), Kramer (1879), Kussakin & Ivanova (1978), Kussakin et al. (1978), Lohmann (1889, 1893 a, b, 1901, 1907 a, b), Makarova (1976, 1977, 1978), Makkaveeva (1965), Marinov (1964), Morselli (1969), Motaş (1961), Motaş & Şoarec (1940), Motaş & Tanasachi (1962), Murray (1877), Newell (1947, 1951 b, 1967, 1984), Petrova (1979, 1984), Pugh (1988), Pugh & King (1985), Remane (1955), Riesgo et al. (2010), Schulz (1933, 1935), Sokolov (1952), Sokolov & Yankovskaya (1972), Somerfield (1988, 1991), Somerfield & Jeal (1996), Svenonius (1949), Thor (1931), Trouessart (1888 a, b, 1889 a, b, 1893, 1896 b, 1914), Trouessart & Neumann (1894 a, b, 1896, 1898, 1901, 1907), Valkanov (1957), Viets (1927 a, c, 1928 a, c, 1931, 1936, 1940, 1941, 1950 a), Vorobyeva & Yaroshenko (1979). Depository. HMN.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD1FF92FF24FA47FE16FF53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 18 – 24 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 60 – 74 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - (3,4) - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with (8 – 10) - (6 – 8) - 6 - 4 setae; Gn I – IV with 8 - (7,8) - (4,5) - (4 – 6) setae, 4 -? -? -? Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 14 - 12 - 11 - 10 setae, 7 - 6 - 6 - 5 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 2 - (3,4) - 3 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 495 – 560 in female, 520 – 582 in male, 408 – 489 in DN. Idiosoma width 340 (idiosoma length 500) in male, 324 in DN. Gnathosoma length 510 – 560 in adults. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.95 – 1.00. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 7.20. Remarks. The most obvious characteristics are: the gnathosoma almost as long as idiosoma, Tb I with 7 ventral Bp setae, Glp small and partly replaced by spur-like setae, and long slender legs. The southern hemisphere species have large Glps in general (Newell 1984, Bartsch 1993 b). This species is different from northen hemisphere species in having Glps replaced by setae. Female, male, and DN are known. Habitat. Sublittoral – Bathyal zones: This species might inhabit soft surficial sediments at 190 – 820 m depth. Distribution. Antarctic Ocean: Off Pr. Harald Coast (68 ° 53 ’ S, 30 ° 56 ’ E), Western Weddell Sea (Atka Bay, Kapp Norvegia, Halley Bay), Western Ross Sea [Antarctica]. References. Bartsch (1977 b, 1993 b, 2016), Imamura (1968), Newell (1984). Depository. NIPR.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD0FF92FF24FF3EFD99FC72.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on OC or margin of OC. Ds- 3 on PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 18 – 24 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 54 – 62 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with (9 – 11) - 9 - (5,6) - (4,5) setae; Gn I – IV with 8 - 7 - 4 - 4 setae, 4 - (3,4) - (0,1) - (1,2) Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (13,14) - (12,13) - (10,11) - 10 setae, 7 - 6 - 6 - 5 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 2 - 4 - (2,3) Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 430 – 568 in female, 407 – 596 in male, 313 – 365 in DN. Idiosoma width 343 (idiosoma length 471) in female. Gnathosoma length 380 – 460 (387 in idiosoma length 471 female) in adults. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.82 – 0.91. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 5.00. Remarks. This species is identified on the basis of widened AE, slender gnathosoma and legs, V-shaped porose costae on PD as in L. antarctica, Ds- 1 medial to Glp- 1, and Ds- 2 on OC. Female, male, and DN are known. Nontype specimen is deposited in the Viets Collection (No. 5604) in ZIZMH. L. humerosa Newell, 1984 is synonymized with this species (Bartsch 1993 b). Habitat. Sublittoral – Bathyal zones: Soft sandy deposit at a depth of 95 – 385 m. Distribution. South Atlantic Ocean: South Sandwich Is. [UK]. Indian Ocean: Marion and Crozet Is. [France]. Antarctic Ocean: Gauss Station, Wilhelm II land, Western Weddell Sea (Kapp Norvegia) [Antarctica]. References. André (1933), Bartsch (1977 b, 1979 b, 1983, 1993 b, 2016), Chatterjee & Sarma (1991), Dalenius (1965), Gimbel (1919), Gressitt (1967), Lohmann (1907 a, 1907 b), Newell (1967, 1984), Trouessart (1907), Viets (1927 a, 1931, 1940, 1950 a). Depository. MNHUB, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD0FF92FF24FC5EFE47FA5A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Glp- 1 anterior to Ds- 1. Glps large. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on margin of PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 12 – 18 Pgs and 8 – 10 Sgs. Male with 52 – 73 Pgs and 8 Sgs. P- 2 with 1 or 2 ventral spines. Tb I with 6 Bp ventral setae; Ta III – IV with 4 - 3 dorsal and 2 - 1 ventral setae. Lc I with partial inflation near the middle of the claw shaft and unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 390 – 456 in female, 395 – 425 in male. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 5.70. Remarks. The species characteristically has a pair of large Glps on AD, OC, and PD. This character is similar to L. bispina, however, this species has longer palpi, more dosally situated Glp- 2, and weaker inflation of the claw shaft than that in L. bispina. Female, male, nymphs (stages are unclear), and LV are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse sands, shell fragments, rock crevices, under stones, kelp holdfasts. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Punta Caldera (Caldera), Fuerte Bulnes, Punta Arenas [Chile]. South Atlantic Ocean: South Georgia [UK]. References. Newell (1984), Pugh & Bartsch (1993). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD0FF92FF24FA06FE15F8AF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 anterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on OC. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Male with ca. 40 Pgs. Tb I – II with 4 - 3 Bp setae. Lc I smooth (?). Idiosoma length 318 in male. Idiosoma width 204 in male. Gnathosoma length 144 in male. Gnathosoma width 84 in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.45. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.54. Remarks. The species is similar to L. stammeri, however, distinguished from the latter by having square AD and posteriorly narrowed PD. A single male is known. Habitat. Inland brackishwater: Thermal spring with brackish water on lake side. Distribution. Palearctic Realm: Capernaum, Tiberias (Lake Galilee) [Israel]. References. Bartsch (1977 b, 1996 a), Petrova (1966 a, 1979, 1984). Depository. IZMS.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD0FF91FF24F89DFE47FE14.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One cornea present. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. One or 2 dorsal setae on PE. Female with 27 – 28 Pgs and 8 – 10 Sgs. Male with 70 Pgs and 4 (?) Sgs. Tb I with 6 Bp setae; Ta III – IV with 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 3 - 3 ventral setae. Lc I with palmate accessory process. Idiosoma length 547 in female. Idiosoma width 356 in female. Remarks. Characteristis of this species are: the round GA in male, Lc with multidentate accessory process, Ta III and Ta IV with feathered distal fossary setae, and large dorsal Glps. There is a possibility that this species is conspecific with L. bihamata. Female and male are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Durvillea antarctica (Phaeophyta) holdfasts. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Golfe du Morbihan, Port Douziéme, Ronarc’h Peninsula (Kerguelen Is.) [France]. References. Newell (1984), Chatterjee & Sarma (1991). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD3FF91FF24FDC2FE7EFB40.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One cornea present. Glp- 1 anterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on margin of PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Male with ca. 56 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 8 - 7 - (6,7) - 4 setae; Gn I – IV with 8 - 9 - 4 - 4 setae, 4 - 4 - 1 - 1 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 14 - (12,13) - 11 - 10 setae, 7 - 6 - 6 - 5 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 2 - (2,3) - (2,3) Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 420 – 453 in male. Idiosoma width 322 (idiosoma length 453) in male. Gnathosoma length 310 – 320 in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.71 – 0.74. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.63. Remarks. This species was originally described under the name of L. gaussi var. kerguelensis. Thereafter, Newell (1984) regarded this variety as a distinct species. The specis resembles other two Antarctic species (L. fukushimai and L. gaussi) in having 7 pectinate setae on Tb I. However, L. kerguelensis is separated from the latter 2 species by its shorter gnathosoma, lacking of porose areolae, and the absence of the spinelet-replaced Glps. Female and male are known. Habitat. Littoral – Sublittoral zones: Crevices, colonial organisms, algal tufts, sediments at a depth of 49 – 58 m. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Kerguelen Is. [France]. Arctic Ocean: Palmer Archipelago [US]. References. Bartsch (1977 b, 1993 b), De Bovée et al. (1973), Chatterjee & Sarma (1991), Dalenius (1965), Imamura (1968), Lohmann (1907 a, b), Newell (1984), Viets (1950 a). Depository. MNHUB.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD3FF90FF24FB2EFE74FE4F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. One dorsal seta on PE. Female with 26 – 34 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with ca. 66 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 setae; Gn I – IV with 6 - 6 - 4 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 1 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 11 - 10 - 6 - 6 setae, 6 - 5 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with (3,4) - (3,4) - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 3 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 353 – 447 in female, 340 – 353 in male, 303 – 328 in DN, 252 – 253 in PN, 187 in LV. Idiosoma width 291 (idiosoma length 397) in female, 267 (idiosoma length 340) in male. Gnathosoma length 179 (idiosoma length 397) in female, 167 (idiosoma length 340) in male. Gnathosoma width 102 (idiosoma length 397) in female, 90 (idiosoma length 340) in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.45 – 0.49. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.56. Remarks. The species was originally described by Trouessart & Neuman (1894 b) under the name of Leptognathus kervillei. Lohmann (1901) recorded this species in the genus Trouessartella. The species is very similar to L. norvegica. However, the palpi of L. norvegica are distinctly more slender than those in L. kervillei. The records under the name of L. norvegica from UK by Pugh & King (1985) are L. kervillei (Somerfield 1991, Bartsch 2020). A record of this species from 318 m depth in Andre (1946) is in need of verification (Bartsch 2020). Female, male, DN, and LV are known. Habitat. Littoral – Sublittoral zones: Algae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria ochroleuca, (Phaeophyta), Corallina spp., Lometaria spp. (Rhodophyta )). Lichina pigmaea (Lichinales). Laminaria holdfasts, crevices in Lithothamnion and Lithophyllum (Rhodophyta), barnacles, mussels, hydroids, bryozoans, sands and gravels among rocks, sediment at 9 – 318 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Ijmuiden [Netherlands]. Grandcamp-les-Bains, Îles St. Marcouf, Cap de la Hague, Pointe du Roc, Granville, Îles Chausey, Roscoff, St. Guénolé (Penmarch), Croisic, Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Vaux-sur-Mer [France]. Mouro Is. (43 ° 28 ’ 24 ’’ N, 3 ° 45 ’ 22 ’’ W) [Spain]. Scotman’s Bay, Dalkey Is. (Dublin), Ring Head, Carrigathorna (West Cork) [Ireland]. Harwich, Brighton, Weymouth, Downderry (Cornwall), Bracelet Bay (Gower Peninsula), Dale (Pembrokeshire) [UK]. Azores [Portugal]. References. André (1946), Bartsch (1975, 1977 b, 1979 a, e, 1989 b, 2020), Bartsch & Smit (2006), Gadeau de Kerville (1894, 1898, 1901), Green & Macquitty (1987), Lohmann (1901, 1907 b), Riesgo et al. (2010), Somerfield (1988, 1991), Somerfield & Jeal (1995), Trouessart (1899, 1900), Trouessart & Neumann (1894 b, 1898, 1901), Viets (1927 a, 1940, 1950 a). Depository. MNHNP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD2FF90FF24FE3BFE47FC63.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on margin of PD. One or 2 dorsal setae on PE. Female with 14 Pgs and 8 Sgs. P- 2 with 4 or 5 ventral spines. Tr III with 1 seta; Bf III with 3 setae; Tf III with 8 setae; Gn III with 5 (?) setae; Tb III with 7 (?) setae, Tb I with 6 Bp ventral setae. Lc I smooth, without accessory process. Idiosoma length 466 in female. Idiosoma width 360 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.82. Remarks. The species is characterized by distinctly reticulated dorsal plates, several ventral spines on P- 2, and well developed lamellae on all legs. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Sands in kelp holdfast. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Punta Arenas [Chile]. Reference. Newell (1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD2FF90FF24FC4FFE47FAB7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Glp- 1 anterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. One or possibly 2 dorsal setae on PE. Male with 63 Pgs and 8 Sgs.; Tb I with 6 heavy ventral setae; Ta III – IV with 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 or 2 ventral setae. Fossary setae filimorm. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 344, width 254 in male. Remarks. This species is similar to L. setosa, but different from the latter by the presence of 2 corneae, shortlength of dorsal setae, and fewer number (1 or 2) of ventral setae on Ta III. Newell (1984) mentioned that this species had 2 distinct corneae. However, the corneae are not found in his original drawing (fig. 729). Male is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Non-coralline branched red algae. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Robinson Crusoe Is., Puerto Inglés (Juan Fernández) [Chile]. Reference. Newell (1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFD2FF90FF24FA63FE0FF83F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One or 2 corneae present. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Glps indistinct. Two dorsal seta on PE. Female with 51 – 74 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 7 - 7 - 5 - 5 setae; Gn I – IV with 7 - 6 - 5 - 5 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 7 - 7 - 7 setae, 6 - 3 - (2,3) - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 340 – 447 in female, 310 – 366 in DN, 240 – 253 in PN. Idiosoma width 245 – 312 in female. Gnathosoma length 217 – 260 in female, 167 – 183 in DN, 127 in PN. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.61 – 0.66 in female, 0.52 – 0.59 in DN, 0.50 in PN. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.10. Remarks. The species is distinguished from congeners by having Ds- 2 – Ds- 4 on membranous cuticle, large genital opening and genital acetabula, and large number of (51 – 74) Pgs in females. Female, DN, and PN are known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Sediment at 11 – 45 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Bonden Is., Skagerrak, Kristineberg [Sweden]. Roscoff [France]. Mediterranean: Île If, Île Ratonneau, Île Riou, Île Jarre, Pierre de Joseph, Plateau des Chevres, Morgiou, l’Oule, Envau, Port-Pin, Port-Miou (Golfe du Lion) [France]. References. Bartsch (1986 b, 1991 b, 2020). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCDFF8FFF24FF77FE47FDDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Glp- 1 anterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on AD. Ds- 3 on PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 10 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 35 Pgs and 8 Sgs. P- 2 with 3 or 4 ventral spines. Tb I with 5 or 6 Bp setae. Idiosoma length 255 in female. Idiosoma width 172 in female. Gnathosoma length 182 in female. Gnathosoma width 68 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.71 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.33. Remarks. The species is distinguished from the other species by having Ds- 2 on AD, Ds- 3 on PD, Ds- 4 on OC, and quite small Lc. This is one of the small species in the genus. Like this species, arenicolous species may tend to lack corneae (Newell 1984). Female, male, and DN are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse shell fragments on rocky reef. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Arica [Chile]. Reference. Newell (1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCDFF8FFF24FD8BFE0FFAEF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with nearly 14 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 47 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with (6,7) - 6 - 4 - 4 setae; Gn I – IV with (7,8) - 7 - 4 - 4 setae, (3,4) - 1 - 0 - 1 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (10,11) - 9 - 7 - 6 setae, 6 - 3 - 1 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with minute unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 310 in male, ca. 314 in female, 179 in LV. Idiosoma width 230 in male. Gnathosoma length 182 in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.60 in male. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.00. Remarks. The species is distinguished from congeners by having unusual slender Lc. This species has some resemblance to L. kervillei, L. multisetosa, L. norvegica, L. nudipes, L. reducta, L. rustica, L. steueri, and L. subfalcata. This species differs from L. kervillei and L. norvegica by having a compact gnathosoma. L. multisetosa has a P- 2 with distinctly convex ventral margin, instead of straight in L. njoerdri. L. nudipes lacks Bp setae on Ta I – IV; L. reducta and L. steueri bear 4 and 5 ventral Bp setae on Tb I, respectively; and L. rustica has a single ventral Bp seta on Ta I, whereas L. njoerdri has 6 ventral Bp setae on Tb I and 2 ventral Bp setae on Ta I. L. subfalcata has a length AD: PD equalling 0.8: 1.0 but in L. njoerdri 0.6: 1.0. Slender claws are generally expected to be correlated with a life in a soft substrate, however, the mode of life of this species is unknown (Bartsch 2020). Habitat. Bathyal zone: Sediment at 285 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Sula Ridge (64 ° 05.00 ’ N, 08 ° 02.00 ’ E). Reference. Bartsch (2020). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCDFF8FFF24FADBFE0FF8AF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. One dorsal seta on PE. Female with 28 (?) Pgs and 8 Sgs. Gn I with 1 Bp seta; Tb I with 6 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 425 – 434 in female. Idiosoma width 310 in female. Gnathosoma length 204 – 205 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.47 – 0.48 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.00. Remarks. This species closely resembles L. kervillei. However, L. kervillei has PD with sharrow ramp-like process posteriory. Female is known. Type specimen is hard to examine due to deterioration. The records of this species from UK by Pugh & King (1985) should belong to L. kervillei (Somerfield 1991, Bartsch 2020). Habitat. Littoral – Sublittoral zones: Algae (Laurencia pinnatifida (Rhodophyta), Fucus serratus, Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyta )), barnacles (Semibaranus balanoides), sediment (stone-corals) at 150 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Sten Sund, Nordre Brattholmen (Bergen) [Norway]. References. Bartsch (1977 b, 2020), Burdon-Jones & Tambs-Lyche (1960), Motaş (1961), Pugh (1988), Pugh & King (1985), Schulz (1933, 1935), Sokolov (1952), Somerfield (1991), Viets (1927 a, c, 1928 a, 1936, 1940, 1950 a). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCDFF8EFF24F89BFE74FE17.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on AD. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 31 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 8 - 6 - 6 - 5 setae; Gn I – IV with 6 - 5 - 4 - 4 setae, 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 (?) Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 10 - 9 - 7 - 7 setae, 5 - 5 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I smooth, without accessory process. Idiosoma length 390 in female. Idiosoma width 279 in female. Gnathosoma length 182 in female. Gnathosoma width 95 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.47. Remarks. This species is distinguished from the congerners by the absence of ventral setae on all tarsi. This may be an euryhaline species (Bartsch 1977 b). A single female is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Intertidal sediment in estuary. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Penzé River (Roscoff) [France]. References. Bartsch (1977 b, 1979 e). Depository. MNHNP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCCFF8EFF24FDC3FE15FAEF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One or 2 corneae present. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 4 on membranous cuticle or rarely on PD. Ds- 5 absent or on PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 16 – 18 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with ca. 50 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with (2,3) - 3 - (2,3) - (1,3) setae; Tf I – IV with (8,9) - (8,9) - 6 - (3,4) setae; Gn I – IV with (8,9) - (8,9) - (4,5) - (4,5) setae, 4 - 2 - 0 - (1,2) Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (13,14) - (12,13) - (9,11) - (7,8) setae, 7 - 3 - (1,2) - (3,4) Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 2 - 4 - (0,2) Bp setae. Lc I with minute multidentate (2 teeth) accessory process. Idiosoma length 278 – 437 in female, 382 – 424 in male, 374 in DN. Idiosoma width 336 - 349 in female, 315 – 319 in male, 298 in DN. Gnathosoma length 192 – 227 in female, 202 in male, 163 in DN. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.52 – 0.65 in female, 0.52 in male, 0.44 in DN. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.33. Remarks. The characteristics of the species are: OC oblong, Glps large, Ds- 1 anterior to the level of Glp- 1, Glp- 3 placed near the medial magin of OC, Glp present ventrally on membranous cuticle laterad to AE, Lc with accessory process. Bartsch (2005 a) collected this species from Australia and indicated several morphological differences between her specimens and original description: Ds- 1 long filiform (short spiniform in Otto (1994 )), 2 corneae (1 cornea) on OC, Ds- 5 present (absent) on PD, and AE with 4 pairs (3 pairs) of setae. Female, male, and DN are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Intertidal coralline algae or tufts of algae on rocky platform. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Mystery Bay, Guerilla Bay, Malua Bay (New South Wales) [Australia]. Indian Ocean: Rickets Point (Victoria), Cape Vlamingh (Rottnest Is.), Nine Mile Beach (Esperance) [Australia]. References. Otto (1994), Bartsch (2005 a, 2007 a). Depository. ANIC.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCCFF8EFF24FADBFE47F903.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present (posterior of them rudimentary). Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 20 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 60 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tb I with 5 ventral spiniform setae, Tb II with 6 filiform and 3 Bp setae; Ta II – IV with 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 -? -? Bp ventral setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 395 in female. Idiosoma width 295 in female. Remarks. The species is characterized by Tb I with 5 ventral spiniform setae, Glp- 3 closer to medial margin of OC, costae absent from dorsal plates, and Ds- 5 placed posteriorly to Glp- 4. Female, male, and DN are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Among coralline algae and mussels. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Viña del Mar, Valparaiso [Chile]. Reference. Newell (1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCCFF8DFF24F8EFFE0FFE33.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 29 – 33 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Male with 64 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 6 - 4 - 3 setae; Gn I – IV with 7 - 7 - 4 - 4 setae, 3 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 8 - 5 - 5 setae, 4 - 2 - 1 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 318 – 335 in female, 278 in male, 254 – 260 in DN. Idiosoma width 223 – 241 in female, 235 in male. Gnathosoma length 167 – 173 in female, 155 in male, 133 – 136 in DN. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.51 – 0.54 in female, 0.56 in male, 0.51 – 0.54 in DN. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.00. Remarks. This species was originally described under the name of L. steueri reducta. Therefore, this species is similar to L. steueri. However, L. reducta differs from the latter in having Tb I and Tb II with 4 and 2 Bp setae, respectively. Female, male, and DN are known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Sediment at 20 – 40 m depth. Distribution. Mediterranean: Port Miou, Port Pin (Golfe du Lion) [France]. Reference. Bartsch (1986 b). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCFFF8DFF24FE1FFDA0FC0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One cornea present. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on margin of PD. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 17 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with ca. 68 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with (8,9) - 9 - 6 - 4 setae; Gn I – IV with (7,8) - 6 - 4 - 4 setae, (3,4) - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 12 - 12 - 7 - 7 setae, 6 - 3 - 1 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 2 - 2 Bp setae. Lc I smooth, without accessory process. Idiosoma length 390 – 428 in female, 378 – 390 in male. Idiosoma width 282 (idiosoma length 390) in male. Gnathosoma length 215 – 233 in female, 195 – 215 in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.56 in female and male. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.60. Remarks. The characteristic of this species is Ta I – IV with 1 - 1 - 2 - 2 ventral Bp setae. Female and male are known. Paratype is deposited in the Viets Collection (No. 7220) in ZIZMH. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Sands and gravels with algae at a depth of 12 – 16 m. Distribution. South Atlantic Ocean: Berkeley Sund, Port William, Port Albemarle (Falkland Is.) [UK]. References. Bartsch (1977 b), Imamura (1968), Newell (1984), Viets (1950 a, 1952, 1956). Depository. NRMS, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCFFF8DFF24FBFBFE74F9B3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 32 – 41 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 55 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 8 - 8 - 6 - 5 setae; Gn I – IV with 6 - 7 - 5 - 4 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 11 - 10 - 7 - 7 setae, 5 - 5 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 4 dorsal setae, 1 - (1,2) - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I smooth, without accessory process. Idiosoma length 297 – 395 in female, 273 in male, 260 in DN, 257 in PN, 177 in LV. Idiosoma width 223 (idiosoma length 297) in female, 205 (idiosoma length 273) in male. Gnathosoma length 182 (idiosoma length 297) in female, 172 (idiosoma length 273) in male. Gnathosoma width 82 (idiosoma length 273) in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.61 – 0.63. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.88. Remarks. This species resembles L. steueri, however, differs from the latter in that smooth Lc, Tb I with 6 Bp setae, GA with 5 or 6 outlying Pgs, and PD with V-shaped elevated ridge. Female, male, DN, PN, and LV are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Crevices in Lithophyllum (Rhodophyta). Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Roscoff [France]. References. Bartsch (1977 b, 1979 e). Depository. MNHNP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCFFF8CFF24F99FFE07FEFF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One cornea present. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 17 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 54 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae; Tf I – IV with 9 - 9 - 6 - 4 setae; Gn I – IV with 9 - 9 - 5 - 5 setae, 4 - 4 - 0 - 2 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 14 - 13 - 10 - 10 setae, 7 - 4 - 2 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 2 - 3 - 2 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 447 in female, 410 in male (holotype), 290 in DN, 202 in LV. Idiosoma width 302 in male holotype, 167 in LV. Gnathosoma length 317 in female, 284 in male holotype, 116 in DN, 119 in LV. Gnathosoma width 107 in male holotype. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.69 in male holotype, 0.71 in female, 0.40 in DN. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.20. Remarks. The characteristics of this species are: Glps with large alveoli and 7 ventral Bp setae on Tb I. Male, female, DN, and LV are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Algal tufts with sediment, 30 cm below water edge, 50 cm depth. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Lucky Bay, Cape Le Grand, Duke of Orleans Bay (near Esperance) [Australia]. References. Bartsch (2005 b, 2007 a). Depository. WAMP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCEFF8CFF24FEABFE47FD2F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 16 – 18 (holotype 17) Pgs and 8 (holotype 7) Sgs. Tb I with 6 Bp setae; Ta III – IV with 4 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 264 in female. Idiosoma width 197 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.75. Remarks. This species characteristically has exceptional length of dorsal setae and oblong OC. Female and DN are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Intertidal coralline red algae. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: San Felix Is. [Chile]. Reference. Newell (1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCEFF8CFF24FD1BFE0FFAB7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corneae absent. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on OC. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Female with 11 Pgs. Male with 35 Pgs. Tr I – IV with 0 -? - 0 - 0 setae; Tf I – IV with (4,5) - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Gn I – IV with (5,6) - 4 - 4 - 4 setae, 3 - 2 - 1 - 1 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (7,8) - 7 - 5 - 6 setae, 4 - 2 - 2 - (2,3) Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 2 - (1,2) - 1 Bp setae. Lc I almost smooth, without accessory process. Idiosoma length 297 – 310 in female, 297 in male. Idiosoma width 206 (idiosoma length 297) in adult. Gnathosoma length 204 – 207 in female, 194 in male. Gnathosoma width 100 in adult. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.63 – 0.67 in female, 0.67 in male. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.80. Remarks. Characteristics of this species are: corneae lacking, Ds- 2 on OC, P- 2 with 2 setae more distally to the middle part, Tb I with 4 Bp setae, and smooth Lc. This species is simiar to L. curvimandibulata and L. cvetkovi. Female, male, DN, and PN are known. Type specimen is deposited in the Viets Collection (No. 5710) in ZIZMH. Habitat. Inland brackishwater and freshwater: Brackishwater ponds in caves near coast and freshwater stream flowing to mountain lake. Distribution. Palearctic Realm: La Zinzulusa Cave (Santa Cesarea), Concita Cave [Italy]. Mlinski Potok stream (Durmitor Mountains) [Montenegro]. References. Angelier (1951, 1953 c), Bartsch (1977 b, 1986 b, 1996 a, 2007 b), Pesce (1985), Pešić (2004 a), Petrova (1974, 1979, 1984), Viets (1939 a, b, 1940, 1950 a, 1950 b, 1956), Viets, K. O. (1967). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCEFF8CFF24FA47FE0FF83F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. One dorsal seta on PE. Female with 27 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Male with 42 – 53 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with? - 0 -? - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 2 - 3 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 6 - 4 - 3 setae; Gn I – IV with 6 - 6 - 5 - 4 setae, 3 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 10 - 9 - 5 - 5 setae, 5 - 3 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 328 – 345 in female, 335 in male, 289 in nymph. Idiosoma width 260 in female, 240 in male. Gnathosoma length 165 – 178 in female, 159 in male, 123 in nymph. Gnathosoma width 75 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.50 – 0.53 in female, 0.48 in male, 0.43 in nymph. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.40. Remarks. The species is characterized by smooth dorsal plates, Ds- 4 and Ds- 5 on membranous cuticle, Tb I with 5 Bp setae, and smooth Lc. Female, male, and nymphs (stages are unclear) are known. Holotype is deposited in the Viets Collection (No. 5506) in ZIZMH. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Sediment with bivalves (Arca noah), sponges (Geodia sp.), and algae: Peyssonnelia sp. (Rhodophyta), Udothea sp. (Chlorophyta) at 25 – 28 m depth. Distribution. Mediterranean: Val di Bora (Rovinj) [Croatia]. References. Bartsch (1977 b, 1986 b), Viets (1940, 1950 a). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC9FF8BFF24FF77FE0FFD2F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. Two dorsal setae on PE. Female with 43 – 45 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with (3,4) - (3,4) - (2,3) - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 6 - (5 – 7) - 5 setae; Gn I – IV with 7 - 7 - 5 - 5 setae, 3 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 11 - 10 - (7,8) - 7 setae, 6 - 3 - 0 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I almost smooth, with a trace of accessory process. Idiosoma length 295 – 314 in female, 244 in DN, 150 in LV. Idiosoma width 254 in female. Gnathosoma length 260 in female, 187 in DN, 95 in LV. Gnathosoma width 96 – 100 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.80 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.30. Remarks. This species is similar to L. falcata in general aspects, however, distinguishable from the latter by the round shape of PD, the short distance between the anterior margin of GO and that of GA, and Ta III – IV with 4 - 3 dorsal setae. The species recorded under the name of L. falcata from Josephine Seamount by Bartsch (1973 a, b) will be equivalent to this species (Bartsch 2003 b). Female, DN, and LV are known. Habitat. Bathyal zone: Sediment at 318 – 332 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Great Meteor Seamount. References. Bartsch (1973 a, b, 1975, 2009 a, 2003 b). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC9FF8BFF24FD1BFE0FFB0B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two corneae present. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. One dorsal seta on PE. Female with at least 48 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 7 - 6 - 6 - 5 setae; Gn I – IV with 7 - 7 - 5 - 5 setae, 3 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 11 - 10 - 8 - 7 setae, 6 - 3 - 2 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 4 dorsal setae, 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 386 in female, 286 – 301 in DN. Idiosoma width 310 in female. Gnathosoma length 354 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.90 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 6.00. Remarks. This species differs from other Atlantic species in AD 1.5 times wider than long, PD 1.2 times longer than AD, Glps vestigial, gnathosoma almost as long as idiosoma (0.9 times), the length of P- 2 about 2.6 times of P- 4, Tb I with 6 ventral Bp setae, and Ta IV with 4 dorsal setae. Habitat. Bathyal zone: Sediment at 285 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Sula Ridge (64 ° 05.00 ’ N, 08 ° 02.00 ’ E). Reference. Bartsch (2020). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC8FF8AFF24FF76FC11FD2F.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Porolohmannella violacea (Kramer, 1879) Diagnosis. Idiosoma flattened. Idiosomal plates delicately reticulated. Dorsum with 6 pairs of setae and 4 pairs of Glps. Adanal setae absent. Female GA with Pgs. Sgs absent. GS furnished with external genital acetabula. Gnathosoma almost half length of idiosoma. Rostrum slender, parallel-sided, with a pair of maxillary setae on the base. Palpi slender, 4 - segmented; both separated from each other by about width of P- 1. P- 2 with a single seta. Legs slender; the first and second legs similar in size. Ta I with a dorsal papillla. Lc crescent-like, with accessory process and fine comb. Median claw undeveloped. The general structures of the genus is schematically shown in Fig. 5. Remarks. The genus was established by Viets (1933) as P. violacea the type. At present, a single species is included in the genus. P. husmanni Teschner, 1969 and P. fortipalpis Teschner, 1988 are not regarded as halacarid mites. P. andrei Angelier, 1951, P. curvimandibulata Petrova, 1969, and P. vietkovi Petrova, 1965 were moved into the genus Lohmannella on the basis of the similarities in the number of setae on PE and genital sclerite, and chaetotaxy of palpi and legs (Bartsch 1996 a). The genus inhabits freshwater and rarely brackishwater and is widely distributed in Holarctic region. References. Bartsch (1989 c, 1996 a, 2006 a, 2007 b), Viets (1933).	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC8FF89FF24FD1AFE79FCBF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One cornea present. Glp- 1 anterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on OC. Ds- 3 on OC. One dorsal seta on PE. Female with 6 Pgs and no Sgs. Tr I – IV with (0,1) - 1 - 1 - 0 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Gn I – IV with 6 - 6 - 3 - 3 setae, (1,2) - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 8 - 8 - 7 - (6,7) setae, 4 - (3,4) - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with accessory process and fine comb. Idiosoma length 475 – 580 in female, 405 – 449 in DN, 315 – 324 in PN, 265 in LV. Idiosoma width 307 – 370 in female, 240 – 308 in DN, 195 – 204 in PN, 165 in LV. Gnathosoma length 245 – 330 in female, 195 in DN. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.47 – 0.52 in female, 0.48 in DN; Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.81 – 3.18. Remarks. This is the single species belonging to the genus Porolohmannella. The species was originally described by Kramer (1879) under the name of Leptognathus violaceus. Raphignathus falcatus (e. g., Macer 1899), Trouessartella violacea (e. g., Lohmann 1901) and Lohmannella violacea (e. g., Lohmann 1907 b) correspond to this species. The species is similar to species in the genus Lohmannella, however, easily distinguishable by its PE with 3 pairs of setae, Sgs absent, and P- 2 with a single seta. Female, DN, PN, and LV are known. Male is unknown, though many reports have been given from all over the world. Habitat. Inland freshwater and rarely brackishwater: Detritus in river, lake, pond, swamp, and bog (peat bog). Interstices of gravels and coarse sands, stony and rocky bottom at a depth of 0 – 40 m, gill chambers of crayfish (Potamobius astacus), colonies of freshwater ectoproct, Plumatella. Sphagnum and Fontinalis (moss) growths. Potamogeton lucens (vascular plant), Cladophora spp. (Chlorophyta), 0 – 1810 m alt. Distribution. Palearctic Realm: Oslo [Norway]. Luleå, See Erken, Kristineholm, Estuna, Torsby, Bohuslän, Bokenäs, Essvik, Uppland, Lohärad, Malmö [Sweden]. Lake Pääjärvi [Finland]. Seda (57 ° 40 ’ N, 25 ° 45 ’ E) [Latvia]. St. Hulsø, Store Gribsø, Madum Lake, Møen [Denmark]. Holstein, Behl (Behler See) and Sandkathen (Plön), Plöner See, Glashütte (Hamburg), Neuenburg, Thüringen, Schöhsee, Lützlower and Kleinower See (Uckermark), Möhringen, Falkau (Schwarzwald), Beuron, Ursee, Brege, Brigach, Seeon (Obing) [Germany]. Maas River (Bergen), Herzogenbosch, St. Odiliënberg (Limburg), Pikmeeuwenwater (Hamert), Roer, St. Michielsgestel, Boxtel, Apeldoorn, Doetinchem, Zuidwolde, Noord Brabant, Maarsseveen [Netherlands]. River Garvan, River Nevis, River Tilt, River Garry, River Tay, River Spey, River Moriston, River Almond, River Rothay, Epping Forest, Weybridge, Surrey, Cumbria, Malham Tarn, Isle of Man, West Yorkshire [UK]. Duzos-Moûpa [Belgium]. Lake Nino, Tavignano River (Corsica), Lacs de l’Estibére (Pyrénées) [France]. Statzersee (St. Moritz) [Switzerland]. Lago di Mergozzo, Pallanza & Isola Madre (Lago Maggiore), Trentino-Alt Adige, Lago Calamone, Greppo, Lago Trasimeno, Manghisi (Sicilia) [Italy]. Moosebruchs [Czech Rep.]. Lunz am See [Austria]. Reinerz (Klodzko), Pešića Lake, Šiško Lake (Bjelasica Mt.) [Montenegro]. Jezioro Ińsko (53 ° 26 ’ N, 15 ° 32 ’ E), Slask Dolny, Sudety Zachodnie, Beskidy Zachodnie, [Poland]. Lake Balaton [Hungary]. Danube Delta [Ukraine]. Lake Sevan [Armenia]. Karel’skaya Rep., Lake Kara-Kel, Teberda (Karachay-Cherkess Rep.), Lake Kuchak (Nizhnetavdinsky District in Tyumen), Yakutsk [Russia]. Hokkaido [Japan]. Nearctic Realm: Godthaab, Eqitsoq, Disko Is. (Greenland) [Denmark]. Tuktuyaktuk (Northwest Territories), Vancouver Island (British Columbia), Muskeg River (Alberta), Southern Indian Lake (Manitoba), Lake Opinicon, Georgian Bay (Ontario), Lake Matamec (Quebec), Avalon Peninsula (Newfoundland) [Canada]. Pettaquamscutt (Rhode Island), Mirror Lake (New Hampshire), Tupper Lake (Franklin County), Dutchess, Ulster, Wappinger Creek (New York) [USA]. References. Abé (1990 b), André (1935), Angelier (1951, 1952, 1953 b, 1953 c, 1954, 1959 a – d, 1965), Bartsch (1981 b, c, 1982 a, 1987, 1988 c, 1989 a, c, 1996 a, 2004 b, 2006 a, 2007 b, 2011), Bazan-Strzelecka (1972), Beier (1928), Berg & Petersen (1956), Borner (1917), Brehm (1926), Buitendijk (1945), Chatterjee & Durucan (2021), Cicolani & Di Sabatino (1985), Cooreman (1954), Davids et al. (1994), Friedman (1950), Gerecke (2015), Gessner (1931, 1953), Gledhill (1973, 1974, 1982), Gledhill & Viets, K. O. (1976), Green (1956), Green & Macquitty (1987), Hallas (1978), Harnish (1924, 1926), Husmann & Teschner (1970), Kautsky et al. (1981), Keiding (1943), Konnerth-Ionescu (1981), Kramer (1879), Lettevall (1962), Lohmann (1889, 1901, 1907 b), Lukin (1929), Lundblad (1920, 1926), Macer (1899), Mari & Morselli (1985, 1992), Meuche (1939), Migot (1926), Müller-Liebenau (1956), Nocentini (1961), Obermayer (1922), Paasivirta (1975), Pešić (2004 b), Petrova (1973, 1974, 1984), Peus (1932), Ponyi (1965), Ramazzotti & Nocentini (1960), Romijn (1920, 1921), Ruffo (1961), Semenchenko et al. (2010), Schwoerbel (1955, 1956, 1961 a, b, 1962, 1964 a, 1964 b), Smit et al. (2010), Soar (1924), Sokolov (1927, 1940, 1952) Sokolov & Yankovskaya (1962), Stirnimann (1926), Stolbov et al. (2018), Strayer (1985, 1988), Svenonius (1951), Szalay (1964, 1970), Teschner (1988), Thor (1914), Trouessart (1889 a), Viets, K. (1923, 1924 a, b, 1926, 1927 a, b, d, 1928 b, d, 1933, 1936, 1938, 1939 b, 1949), Viets, K. O. (1956 a, b, 1958, 1967), Viets, K & Viets K. O. (1960), Wainstein (1967), Walter (1914, 1917, 1919, 1922), Wesenberg-Lund (1939), Widbom (1977), Wiszniewski (1939), Yankovskaya (1965), Zawal (1998). Depository. Unknown.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCBFF88FF24FC4FFB3FFE6B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Scaptognathides planus Monniot 1972 Diagnosis. Idiosoma flattened. AD and PD large, OC much smaller. PD with 2 pairs of Glps. Dorsum with 6 pairs of setae. Adanal setae present on anal plate. GA with Pgs. Sgs present on GS. Gnathosoma length equalling a half of idiosomal length. Rostrum slender, parallel-sided, with a pair of maxillary setae on the base. Palpi 2 - segmented (P- 2, P- 3, and P- 4 fused into a single segment), separated from each other by more than width of P- 1. P- 2 with a seta on basal portion and 4 spurs on apical portion. Leg I distinctly larger than the other legs. Legs without distinct Bp setae. Lc I with umbrella-like arranged tines. Lc II – IV each crescent-like, sometimes with accessory process and / or tines on the shaft forming a comb. Median claw undeveloped. The general structures of the genus is schematically shown in Fig. 6. Remarks. The genus is similar to Scaptognathus in general appearance, but distinguishable from the latter by having slender, parallel-sided rostrum and umbrella-like claw of Ta I. The genus is marine arenicolous and recorded from tropical or warm-temperate sea areas ranged between 35 ° N and 35 ° S. This distributional range generally coincides with the area of which surface water temperature is more than 20 ° C and the integrated primary production is less than 0.06 mg chlorophyll m- 3 (Longhurst 1998). This distributional range accords well with the coral reef distributions. References. Abé (2011), Bartsch (2006 b, 2009 b), Longhurst (1998), Monniot (1972).	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCAFF88FF24FE57FDAFFC63.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with 2 Glps. Female with 4 Pgs and 0 – 2 Sgs. Male with 16 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 0 - 0 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 3 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc II – IV with comb. Idiosoma length 150 – 160 in female (holotype 160), 142 – 147 in male. Idiosoma width 90 in holotype female. Gnathosoma length 81 in holotype female. Gnathosoma width 67 in holotype female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.49 – 0.55. Remarks. The characteristics of this species are: foveate dorsal plates, OC oblong, a single Glp on OC, and Ta III with 4 dorsal setae. The species differs from congeners by the oblong OC (5 – 6 times longer than wide). Female and male are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Sandy sediment at 2 – 30 cm depth on upper slope. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Little Armstrong Bay, Nancy Cove (Rottnest Is.) [Australia]. References. Bartsch (1993 a, 1996 b). Depository. WAMP, NMVM.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCAFF88FF24FC4FFE0FFA23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. OC with 2 Glps. Female with 4 Pgs without Sgs. Male with 14 – 18 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 0 - 0 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 5 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc II – IV with comb. Idiosoma length 127 – 147 in female, 125 – 137 in male, 106 – 125 in DN, 98 – 117 in PN, 77 – 92 in LV. Idiosoma width 77 in female (idiosoma length 127), 75 in male (idiosoma length 125). Gnathosoma length 75 in female (idiosoma length 127), 72 in male (idiosoma length 125). Gnathosoma width 40 in male (idiosoma length 125). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.55 – 0.60. Remarks. The species differs from congeners by foveate dorsal plates, Ds- 2 – Ds- 4 on membranous area, female without Sgs, and Ta III with 4 dorsal setae. Female, male, DN, PN, and LV are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Sandy sediment on upper slope at 10 – 100 cm sediment depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Marchena, James, Bartholomé, Santa Cruz, Barrington, Floreana, San Cristóbal (Galapagos Is.) [Equador]. References. Bartsch (1977 a, 1986 a, 1996 b), Bartsch & Schmidt (1978). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFCAFF88FF24FA0FFE73F83F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with 2 Glps. Female with 4 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc II – IV with either no or unidentate accessory process, without comb. Idiosoma length 155 – 174 in female (holotype 174), 140 – 141 in PN. Idiosoma width 86 – 107 in female (holotype 107), 83 – 94 in PN. Gnathosoma length 73 – 79 in female (holotype 77), 66 – 67 in PN. Gnathosoma width 43 – 45 in female (holotype 42), 32 – 36 in PN. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.44 – 0.51 in female (holotype 0.44). Remarks. The characteristics of this species are: pitted dorsal plates, OC with 2 Glps, Ta III with 3 dorsal setae, and 2 Sgs in female. Female and PN are known. Habitat. Upper – Mid littoral zones: Coarse sandy beach. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Al-Zour, Southern Kuwait (28 ° 44 ’ 30.7 ” N, 48 ° 22 ’ 40.8 ” E) [Kuwait]. South Atltantic Ocean: São Francisco Bay (Santa Catarina) [Brazil]. References. Bartsch (2004 a), Pepato et al. (2011). Depository. BMNHL.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC5FF87FF24FF77FDADFD13.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with 1 Glp. Female with 4 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - (5,6) setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc II – IV with quite minute comb. Idiosoma length 153 – 181 in female, 142 – 160 in PN. Idiosoma width 103 in female (idiosoma length 154). Gnathosoma length 72 in female, 60 – 66 in PN. Gnathosoma width 40 in female (idiosoma length 154). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.44 – 0.47. Remarks. The species is characterized by foveate dorsal plates, a single Glp on OC, no Glps on anterior part of PD, Sgs present in female, and Ta III with 3 dorsal setae. This species is distinguished from congeners by the lack of Glps on the anterior part of PD. A species recorded by Bartsch (1979 c) as “ Scaptognathides sp. A ” with idiosoma length 127, width 72, and gnathosoma length 64 is regarded as this species (Bartsch 1988 a). Female and PN are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coral sands at 20 cm sediment depth on coastal slope and medium-grained sandy sediment at middle and upper shore. Distribution. North Pacific Ocean: Kaneohe Bay (Hawaiian Is.) [USA]. Hong Kong [China]. Lazarus Is., St. John’s Is. [Singapore]. Indian Ocean: Dampier [Australia]. References. Bartsch (1979 c, 1988 a, 1991 a, 1996 b, 2003 a, 2009 b). Depository. BMHH, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC5FF87FF24FCFFFDB2FAEF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with 1 Glp. Female with 4 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Male with 21 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc II – IV with distinct comb. Idiosoma length 188 – 190 in female (holotype 188), 182 – 198. in male. Gnathosoma length 80 – 86 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.43 – 0.45. Remarks. The characteristics of this species are: foveate dorsal plates, a single Glp on OC, Sgs present in female, and Ta III with 3 dorsal setae. This species resembles S. hawaiiensis, S. australis, and S. tomkinsae in having a single Glp on the OC. S. heraldensis, however, differs from these species in the shape of OC, 2 pairs of Glps on PD, and foveate dorsal plates. Female and male are known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Coarse sands at 5 – 15 m depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: 16 ° 57.171 ’ S, 149 ° 12.036 ’ E (Queensland Plateau) [Australia]. Reference. Otto (2000 b). Depository. QMS, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC5FF87FF24FADBFE20F8E7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with 2 Glps. Female with 4 Pgs, without Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 5 - 5 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae. Idiosoma length 157 – 165 in female (holotype 160). Lc II – IV with unidentate accessory process and comb. Idiosoma width 97 in holotype female. Gnathosoma length 72 in holotype female. Gnathosoma width 40 in holotype female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.45. Remarks. The species is characterized by foveate dorsal plates, lack of Sgs in female, and Ta III with 3 dorsal setae. This species is similar to S. hawaiiensis, however, distinguishable from the latter by the lack of Sgs in female and the presence of 2 Glps on OC. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Tidal beach sands and gravels. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Punta de Betin (Caribbean Sea) [Colombia]. Reference. Bartsch (1996 b). Depository. SMF.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC5FF86FF24F8D3FE02FDFB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with 2 Glps. Female with 4 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 5 - 5 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc II – IV with minute accessory process and comb. Idiosoma length 207 – 268 in female (holotype 207), 241 in DN. Idiosoma width 120 – 169 in female, 137 in DN (holotype 120). Gnathosoma length 102 – 114 in female (holotype 102), 96 in DN. Gnathosoma width 57 – 71 in female (holotype 57), 61 in DN. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.43 – 0.49 in female, 0.40 in DN. Remarks. The characteristics of this species are: reticulate dorsal plates, presence of Sgs in female, and Ta III with 3 dorsal setae. This species is similar to S. planus in body size and ornamentation of the dorsal plates, however, distinguished from the latter by the ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma and leg chaetotaxy. Female and DN are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse unsorted sandy sediment at intertidal zone. Distribution. North Pacific Ocean: Kawaihae Bay (Hawaiian Is.) [USA]. Okinawa [Japan]. Indian Ocean: Dampier [Australia]. References. Abé (2011), Bartsch (1988 a, 1996 b, 2003 a). Depository. BMHH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC4FF86FF24FDA7FE74FBD7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with 2 Glps. Female with 4 Pgs, and 2 Sgs. Male with 30 – 31 Pgs without Sgs. Tr I – IV with 0 - 0 - 1 - 2 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 3 - 3 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 4 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc II – IV with accessory process and comb. Body length 270 – 285 in adult. Idiosoma length 210 in adult. Gnathosoma length 75 in adult. Gnathosoma width 55 in adult. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.36 – 0.38. Remarks. The species is characterized by reticulate dorsal plates, Sgs present in female, more than 30 Pgs in male, and Ta III with 4 dorsal setae. This species is distinguished from congeners by the large number of Pgs in male. In the original illustration of Monniot (1972), the third and fourth legs should be changed each other. Female and male are known. Habitat. Sublittoral zones: Coarse calcareous sediments at 8 m depth between coral reefs. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: The Bermudas [UK]. References. Bartsch (1986 a, 1996 b), Monniot (1972). Depository. MNHNP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC4FF86FF24FB83FE20F9CF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with 2 Glps. Female with 4 Pgs, without Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc II – IV with minute accessory process and comb. Idiosoma length 187 in holotype female. Idiosoma width 107 in holotype female. Gnathosoma length 87 in holotype female. Gnathosoma width 47 in holotype female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.47 in female. Remarks. The characteristics of this species are: reticulate dorsal plates, OC oblong, Sgs absent in female, and Ta III with 4 dorsal setae. The species resembles S. planus and S. ornatus in the coarsely reticulated dorsal plates. S. reticulatus differs from the latter two species by its oblong OC. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Tidal beach sands and gravels. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Playa de Rodadero (Caribbean Sea) [Colombia]. Reference. Bartsch (1996 b). Depository. SMF.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC4FF85FF24F9BBFDB2FF37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with a single Glp. Female with 4 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Male with 21 Pgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc II – IV with comb. Idiosoma length 206 – 222 (holotype 206) in female, 206 in male. Gnathosoma length 93 in holotype female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.45. Remarks. The species is characterized by foveate dorsal plates, OC with 1 minute seta, one pair of Sgs in femlae, and Ta III with 3 dorsal setae. The species is similar to S. australis and S. bicornis, however, S. tomkinsae is distinguished from these two species by the presence of minute setae on OC, all the dorsal setae placed on the plates, and OC being twice as long as wide. Female and male are known. Habitat. Subtidal zone: Coarse sands at 3 – 4 m depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Great Barrier Reef (14 ° 18 ’ S, 145 ° 12 ’ E) [Australia]. Reference. Otto (2000 b). Depository. QMS, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC7FF85FF24FEE3FE2BFD4B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on AD. OC with 2 Glps. Female with 4 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 5 - 2 - 2 setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae; Tb I – IV with 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae; Tf I – IV with ventral ridge. Lc II – IV with comb. Idiosoma length 182 in holotype female. Gnathosoma length 82 in holotype female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.45. Remarks. The characteristics of this species are: reticulate dorsal plates, Sgs present in female, Tf I – IV with ventral ridge, and Ta III with 3 dorsal setae. This species is distinguished from congeners by having ventral ridge on Tf I – IV. Single female is known. Habitat. Subtidal zone: Coarse sands at 5 – 15 m depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: 16 ° 57.171 ’ S, 149 ° 12.036 ’ E (Queensland Plateau) [Australia]. Reference. Otto (2000 b). Depository. QMS.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC7FF84FF24FD1BFE07FD96.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Scaptognathus tridens Trouessart, 1889 Diagnosis. Idiosoma flattened. AD and PD large, OC small. AD, OC, and PD each with pair of Glps. Dorsum with 7, rarely 6 pairs of setae. Adanal setae absent. AE with 3 pairs of setae. PE with 1 dorsal and 3 ventral setae. GA uniform, bipartite, or tripartite, consisting of a membranous “ pars membranosum ” and a sclerotized “ pars sclerosum ” (Newell 1984). GA with Pgs and Sgs. Gnathosoma large. Rostrum with wide and truncate apex. Gnathosoma base without maxillary setae. Palpi 2 - segmented (P- 2, P- 3, and P- 4 fused into a single segment, but a border line between P- 2 and P- 3 rarely recognizable), separated from each other by less than width of P- 1. P- 2 with 2 large spurs on apical portion. Legs slender. Gn shorter than adjoining segment. Lc I – IV crescent-like, without comb. The general structures of the genus is schematically shown in Fig. 7. Remarks. The genus is distinctive in having relatively large gnathosoma with a spatula-like widened rostral tip. The genus is marine arenicolous and almost cosmopolitan in distribuion. References. Bartsch (2006 b, 2009 b), Newell (1984), Trouessart (1889 a). S captognathus arenarius Bartsch, 2007 Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female and male. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with 12 – 14 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 - 2 - (2,3) setae, 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 7 - 4 - 2 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 8 - 5 - (5,6) - 6 setae, 5 - 2 - (2,3) - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 246 – 278 in female, 240 – 266 (holotype 260) in male, 113 in LV. Idiosoma width 165 in male (holotype). Gnathosoma length 187 in male (holotype), 190 – 200 in female, 100 in LV. Gnathosoma width 88 in male (holotype). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.72 in male (holotype). Remarks. This species is characterized by the combination of the large OC, bipartite GA in the male and female, and Tb I with 5 Bp setae. Male, female and LV are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Medium-sorted sediment below low water line. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Duke of Orleans Bay, Esperance (Western Australia) [Australia]. Reference. Bartsch (2007 a). Depository. WAMP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC6FF84FF24FD7EFE07FB6C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 5 - 6 - 6 setae, 5 - 2 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 220 – 235 in female. Idiosoma width 154 (idiosoma length 230) in female. Gnathosoma length 142 – 145 in female. Gnathosoma width 73 (gnathosoma length 142) in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.62 – 0.66 in female. Remarks. Only 6 pairs of dorsal setae are found on idiosoma, whereas the majority of congeners have 7 pairs. This species is similar to S. ornatus and S. punctatus, however, distinguished from the latter 2 species by its larger, posteriorly rounded AD and a higher number of Bp setae on legs. Female is known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Medium to coarse sediment at 30 m depth. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Rottnest Is. [Australia]. Reference. Bartsch (1993 a). Depository. WAMP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC6FF84FF24FB5AFE73F965.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 - 3 - 2 setae, 3 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with (4,5) - (4,5) - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (8 – 10) - 7 - 7 - 7 setae, (4 – 6) - 4 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with minute accessory process. Idiosoma length 264 in female. Idiosoma width 200 in female. Gnathosoma length 246 in female. Gnathosoma width 128 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.93 in female. Remarks. This species resembles S. ornatus, however, differs from the latter in the number of Bp setae, namely Tb I – IV with 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 and Tf I – IV with 3 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Female is known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Medium to coarse sandy sediment at 15 m depth. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Burnie (Tasmania) [Australia]. Reference. Abé & Green (1994). Depository. BMNHL.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC6FF83FF24F952FDE2FE87.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 4 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 - 2 - 2 setae, (0,2) - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - (4,5) - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 5 - 6 - 6 setae, 5 - 2 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with either no or minute accessory process. Idiosoma length 210 – 307 (holotype 273) in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.17 in female. Remarks. This species is similar to S. punctatus, S. ornatus, and S. gracilipalpis. However, S. exquisitus differs from them by the absence of Bp seta on Tf II. Measurements in the original description is likely to be influenced by compression of the specimen (Bartsch 2003 d). Female is known. Habitat. Littoral – Sublittoral zones: Fine to coarse sands at a depth of 0.5 – 13 m. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Yonge Reef, Elizabeth Reef, Myrmidon Reef, Carter Reef, Lizard Is., No Name Reef (14 ° 39 ’ S, 145 ° 40 ’ E), Sand Bank No. 1 (Great Barrier Reef), Diamond Islet (Queensland Plateau) [Australia]. Indian Ocean: Enderby Is. (20 ° 32.1 ’ S, 116 ° 26.7 ’ E) [Australia]. References. Bartsch (2003 d), Otto (2000 b). Depository. ANIC, QMS, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC1FF83FF24FE73FE0FFB9F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female and male. Female with 4 or 5 Pgs and 0 Sgs. Male with 12 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 0 - 0 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - (1,2) - (1,2) - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 2 - 2 - (1,2) - 1 setae, without Bp seate; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 6 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae, 3 - 2 - 2 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with either no or fine accessory process. Idiosoma length 129 – 182 in female, 151 – 176 in male, 142 – 158 in DN, 112 – 117 in PN. Idiosoma width 86 – 123 in female, 88 – 114 in male, 79 in DN, 77 in PN. Gnathosoma length 137, 153 (idiosoma length 175) in female, 124 – 135 (idiosoma length 155 – 163) in male, 124 – 133 in DN, 107 – 112 in PN. Gnathosoma width 60, 74 (idiosoma length 175) in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.78 – 0.87 in female, 0.80 – 0.83 in male, 0.84 – 0.87 in DN, 0.96 in PN. Remarks. This species is similar to S. pacificus in the body size and the possession of 3 Bp setae on Tb I. However, S. gibbosus is distinguished from the latter by the absence of Bp setae on Tf I and the presence of a single Bp seta on Ta I. A dorsal seta is present at the proximal portion of P- 2 in the Somarian and Brazilian specimens (Morselli & Mari 1986, Pepato et al. 2011). On the other hand, the proximal seta is not found on P- 2 in the original figuration in Bartsch (1977 a). Female, male, DN, and PN are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Sediment at littoral zone. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Bartholomé, Santa Cruz (Galapagos Is.) [Equador]. Indian Ocean: Sar Uanle [Somalia]. South Atlantic Ocean: São Francisco [Brazil]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1977 a, 1994 b), Bartsch & Schmidt (1978), Morselli & Mari (1986), Pepato et al. (2011). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC1FF83FF24FB4BFDE2F997.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE without dorsal seta. GA tripartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae, 3 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 8 - 5 - 6 - 6 setae, 5 - 2 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with accessory process. Idiosoma length 212 – 220 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.92 – 0.94 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.67 in female. Remarks. The characteristics of this species are: AE with 2 setae, PE with 3 setae, and all tarsi with solenidia. The presence of solenidia on Ta III and Ta IV is firstly recorded in the genus. Otto (2000) suggested that the solenidia on Ta III and Ta IV could have been overlooked in other species due to their small size. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse sands at tidal line at 10 – 20 cm sediment depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Bylund Cay (Great Barrier Reef) [Australia]. Reference. Otto (2000 b). Depository. QMS, ANIC, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC1FF82FF24F943FE74FDDF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on AD. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female and male. Female with 3 or 4 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with 30 – 40 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - (1,2) - (1,2) - (1,2) setae; Tf I – IV with (4,5) - 4 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with (2,4) - (3,5) - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (7,9) - 6 - (6,7) - (5,7) setae, 6 - 3 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with accessory process. Idiosoma length 223 – 260 in female, 223 – 241 in male. Idiosoma width 126 (idiosoma length 231) in female, 145 – 148 (idiosoma length 237 – 240) in male. Gnathosoma length 148 – 167 (idiosoma length 223 – 260) in female, 148 – 155 (idiosoma length 223 – 241) in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.66 – 0.71 in female, 0.62 – 0.69 in male. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.17. Remarks. This species is similar to S. sabularius and S. tereninus in having Ds- 2 on AD. However, S. hallezi differs from the latter two species in the shape of GA in female. Bartsch (1986) suggested that S. neretinus Morselli & Mari, 1981 would be synonymous with S. hallezi. Female and male are known. Habitat. Littoral – Sublittoral zones: Medium to coarse sandy sediment, algae, and bryozoans at intertidal zone to 58 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Roscoff, Granville [France]. Mediterranean: Île If, Île Ratonneau, Île Riou, Île Jarre, Plateau des Chevres, Envau, Port-Pin [France]. Lido Frascone (Puglia), Lido dell’Ancora [Italy]. Kaþ, Hamitbey Plajý (Antalya) [Turkey]. Indian Ocean: Waltair [India]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), André (1946), Bartsch (1986 b, 1988 c, 1994 b), Durucan (2018), Halbert (1915), Lohmann (1901), Monniot (1964), Morselli & Mari (1984), Rao & Ganapati (1968), Trouessart & Neumann (1894 a, 1894 b). Depository. MNHNP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC0FF82FF24FD8BFDE2FBBB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 - 2 - 2 setae, 3 - 2 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 5 - (5,6) - (5,6) setae, 5 - 2 - (2,3) - (2,3) Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 238 – 415 in female. Remarks. This species is similar to S. punctatus and S. ornatus in the number of Bp setae on Tf I – IV 3 - 2 - 0 - 0. However, S. insularis is separated from the latter two species in the lack of ornamentation of plates and gnathosoma, larger body size, and 3 pairs of Pgs in female. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse sands on tidal line at 10 – 37 cm sediment depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Bylund Cay (Great Barrier Reef) [Australia]. South Atlantic Ocean: São Francisco [Brazil]. References. Otto (2000 b), Pepato et al. (2011). Depository. QMS, ANIC, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC0FF82FF24FB67FDB2F9CF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 5 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 5 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 6 - 7 - 7 setae, 6 - 3 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with accessory process. Idiosoma length 248 – 277 in female. Remarks. This species is most similar to S. pauciporus, however, distinguishable from the latter by the AE with strongly convex posterior margin and Tf II with 4 setae. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral – Sublittoral zones: Medium to coarse sands at 2 – 7 m depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Yonge Reef, Boulder Reef (Great Barrier Reef), Lihou Reef (Queensland Plateau) [Australia]. Reference. Otto (2000 b). Depository. QMS, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC0FF81FF24F9BBFD00FEFF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA tripartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with (4,5) - (3,4) - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 5 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 6 - 7 - 7 setae, 6 - 3 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 202 – 207 in female. Idiosoma width 132 (idiosoma length 207). Gnathosoma length 135 in female (idiosoma length 207). Gnathosoma width 69 (gnathosoma length 135) in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.65 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.71. Remarks. This species resembles S. newelli in having a tripartite GA in female, however, differs from the latter in the number of Bp setae on Tb I-IV and Ta I – IV, 6 - 3 - 4 - 4 and 1 - 1 - 0 - 0, respectively. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral – Sublittoral zones: Coarse sands, gravels, and coral rubbles at a depth of 0 – 10 m. Distribution. North Pacific Ocean: Kawaihae Bay (Hawaii Is.) [USA]. South Pacific Ocean: Elizabeth Reef, Pandroa Reef, Great Palm Is., Yonge Reef (Great Barrier Reef) [Australia]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1988 a), Otto (2000 b). Depository. BMHH, QMS, ANIC, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC3FF81FF24FEABFE0BFCBF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 3 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 5 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 8 - 6 - 6 - 6 setae, 5 - 3 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 384 – 484 in female. Idiosoma width 247 – 324 in female. Gnathosoma length 328 – 368 in female. Gnathosoma width 154 – 169 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.74 – 0.85 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.50. Remarks. This species resembles S. tridens and S. trouessarti, however, differs from the latter two species in having a trapezoidal AD and a unique leg chaetotaxy. S. magnus is the largest species in the genus. Female is known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Coarse sands at 10 m depth. Distribution. North Pacific Ocean: Teuri Is. (Hokkaido) [Japan]. Simnibawi Rock (37 ° 48 ’ 43 ’’ N, 128 ° 54 ’ 38 ’’ E), Gangneung [South Korea]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Lee et al. (2020). Depository. NHMIC.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC3FF81FF24FC6BFE0FFA7F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 and Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female and male. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with 21 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 5 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 5 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 6 - 7 - 7 setae, 6 - 3 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I almost smooth. Idiosoma length 202 – 215 (holotype 215) in male, 222 in female. Idiosoma width 137 in male (holotype). Gnathosoma length 167 in male (holotype). Gnathosoma width 77 in male (holotype). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.78 in male (holotype). Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 5.0 (holotype). Remarks. This species is similar to S. minutus, however, different from the latter in the AD with broadly arched posterior margin and PD extending far beyond Ds- 6. A larva described under the name of “ Scaptognathus sp. A ” in Bartsch (1973 b) is likely to be this species (Bartsch 2003 b). Male, female, and LV are known. Habitat. Bathyal zone: Sediment at 332 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Great Meteor Seamount. Reference. Bartsch (2003 b). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC3FF80FF24FA2BFE0FFF53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 10 - 6 - 6 - 7 setae, (5,6) - 3 - (3,4) - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with very delicate accessory process. Idiosoma length 145 – 178 in female, 109 – 157 in DN, 90 – 102 in PN, 94 in LV. Idiosoma width 118 (idiosoma length 153) in female. Gnathosoma length 136 in female, 101 – 113 in DN, 96 in PN, 80 in LV. Gnathosoma width 72 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.85 – 0.89 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.50. Remarks. The outstanding characteristics of this species are: the small body size, circular pars membranosum embedded within the pars sclerosum, and almost smooth Lc. Female, DN, PN, and LV are known. Habitat. Sublittoral – Bathyal zones: Sediment at 216 – 770 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Josephine Seamount, Great Meteor Seamount, Lost City (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Indian Ocean: Mozambique Channel [Mozambique]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1973 b, 1982 c), Bartsch & Rybakova (2015), Chatterjee & Sarma (1991). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC2FF80FF24FF3FFE47FD67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female and male. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with 10 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with (5,6) - (4,5) - 2 - 2 setae, without Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 6 - 5 - 5 - 6 setae, 3 - 2 - 2 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV without Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 284 – 324 in female, 334 in male. Idiosoma width 180 in female. Gnathosoma length 203 in female. Gnathosoma width 98 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.63 – 0.71 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.54. Remarks. The conspicuous characteristic is the small number of Pgs in male. Female and male are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse sands and red algae at middle tide zone. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Tierra Azul (Puerto Montt) [Chile]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1994 a), Newell (1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC2FF80FF24FD53FE2BFB43.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 anterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. Dorsal seta indistinct on PE. GA uniform, entirely sclerotized in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae, 6 - 2 - 2 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with accessory process. Idiosoma length 394 – 396 in female. Remarks. The species is characterized by the uniform GA in female. This species is similar to S. peregrinus, in having wide rostrum and peculiar sclerite connecting gnathosoma to idiosoma. However, this species distinguishable from the latter by its larger body size and the possession of Bp setae on Gn I. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse sands and rubles at 0.5 – 3 m depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Elizabeth Reef, Reef 21 – 149 (21 ° 06 ’ S, 151 ° 43 ’ E) (Great Barrier Reef) [Australia]. Reference. Otto (2000 b). Depository. QMS.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC2FF80FF24FB2FFE47F95F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA tripartite in female and male. Membranous part surrounded by GA. Female with 4 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with 11 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 3 - 2 - 2 setae, 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 2 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 6 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae, 3 - 2 - 2 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV without Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 188 in female, 183 in male. Idiosoma width 114 (idiosoma length 188). Gnathosoma length 126, width 51 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.68. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.60. Remarks. The conspicuous character of this species is the tripartite GA that consists of membranous area and punctated sclerites in both female and male. This species was originally described by Newell (1984) under the name of S. punctatus [junior homonym]. Female and male are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse sands and shell fragments at intertidal zone. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Viña del Mar [Chile]. References. Abé (1988, 1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1988 a, 1994 a), Newell (1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFC2FFBFFF24F90BFDE2FE6B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA tripartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 5 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 5 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 6 - 7 - 7 setae, 6 - 3 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with accessory process. Idiosoma length 190 – 202 in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.64. Remarks. This species is similar to S. kunzi, S. sabularius, and S. tereninus. S. oceanus differs from the latter species in the ornamentation of the AD, the arrangement of the dorsal plates, and the position of Ds- 2. Female is known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Coarse sands at 5 – 15 m depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Herald Cays (16 ° 57.171 ’ S, 149 ° 12.036 ’ E), (Queensland Plateau) [Australia]. Reference. Otto (2000 b). Depository. QMS, ANIC, ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFDFFBFFF24FE57FE1AFC0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA tripartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - (1,2) - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with (4,5) - (3 – 5) - (2,3) - (2,3) setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with (4,5) - (4,5) - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (8,9) - (5,6) - (6,7) - (6,7) setae, 6 - 3 - (3,4) - (3,4) Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 238 – 260 (holotype 260) in female, 185 in PN. Idiosoma width 133 – 148 (holotype 148) in female, 95 in PN. Gnathosoma length 155 – 163 (holotype 163) in female, 113 in PN. Gnathosoma width 75 – 78 (holotype 75) in female, 53 in PN. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.63 – 0.67 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.00. Remarks. The characteristics of this species are: dorsal plates with scattered minute foveae, Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle, tripartite GA in female, and leg chaetotaxy of thick Bp setae 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 in Ta I – IV, 6 - 3 - (3,4) - (3,4) in Tb I – IV, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 in Gn I – IV, and 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 in Tf I – IV. Female and PN are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Coarse coral sands at 10 m depth. Distribution. North Pacific Ocean: Sesoko Is. (Okinawa) [Japan]. Reference. Abé (2012) Depository. NSMT.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFDFFBFFF24FBFBFE28F9CF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE without dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 - 2 - 2 setae, 3 - (1,2) - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 5 - 6 - 6 setae, 5 - 2 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 248 – 343 in female. Idiosoma width 195 (idiosoma length 255) in female. Gnathosoma length 214 – 229 in female. Gnathosoma width 117 (gnathosoma length 214) in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.84 in female. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.73. Remarks. This species closely resembles S. punctatus, however, differs from the latter by the presence of pitted areolae on almost all of the leg segments, instead of only on Tf in S. punctatus. Female is known. Habitat. Littoral – Sublittoral zones: Coarse sands, rubbles, and stones at 0 – 15 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Isleta Iguana (Los Testigos) [Venezuela]. Isla de Vieques [Puerto Rico]. South Pacific Ocean: Herald Cays (Queensland Plateau), Carter Reef (Great Barrier Reef) [Australia]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1984), Otto (2000 b). Depository. ZMA.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFDFFBEFF24F9BBFE47FF53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 4 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 3 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 2 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 6 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae, 3 - 2 - 2 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 167 in female. Idiosoma width 98 – 104 in female. Gnathosoma length 147 – 151 in female. Gnathosoma width 60 (gnathosoma length 147) in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.88 – 0.91 in female. Remarks. This species has the smallest body size in the genus. Female is known. Habitat. Bathyal zone: Sediment at 210 m depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Robinson Crusoe Is. (Juan Fernández Is.) [Chile]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Newell (1971, 1984). Depository. USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFCFFBEFF24FF3FFE0FFCDB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female and male. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 or 6 Sgs. Male with 22 – 26 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with (4,5) - 3 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 5 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 8 - 6 - 7 - 7 setae, 6 - 3 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 222 – 248 in female, 202 – 233 in male, 174 – 194 in DN, 145 – 150 in PN, 120 – 127 in LV. Idiosoma width 147 (idiosoma length 219) in female, 140 (idiosoma length 204) in male. Gnathosoma length 174 (idiosoma length 219) in female, 150 (idiosoma length 204) in male. Gnathosoma width 95 (gnathosoma length 174) in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.74 – 0.79. Remarks. This species is similar to S. pacificus, however, distinguished from the latter by the number of Bp setae on the legs and the ornamentation of the dorsal plates. Female, male, DN, PN, and LV are known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Sediment at littoral zone. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Fernandina, Isabela, Tower, Santa Cruz, Barrington, Floreana, San Cristobal (Galapagos Is.) [Ecuador]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1977 a, 1994 a), Bartsch & Schmidt (1978), Otto (2000 b), Schatz (1991). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFCFFBEFF24FC87FE07FAD3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 anterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA fully sclerotized in male. Male with ca. 32 Pgs and 8 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, without Bp setae; Tb I – IV with (8,9) - 5 - 6 - 6 setae, (5,6) - 2 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 (?) - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate long accessory process. Idiosoma length 297 in male (holotype). Gnathosoma length 140 in male (holotype). Gnathosoma width 107 in male (holotype). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.47. Remarks. The species differs from congeners in having a wide lamellar rostrum and a gnatho-idiosomal articulation on the dorsal flank of the gnathosoma. A single male is known. Habitat. Littoral zone: Sediment at 1.5 m depth. Distribution. Indian Ocean: Rottnest Is. [Australia]. References. Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1993 a). Depository. WAMP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFCFFBEFF24FABFFE74F893.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE without dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female and male. Female with 4 Pgs and 2 Sgs. Male with 19 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 -? - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 -? - 1 setae, 3 - 2 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 -? - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 5 -? - 6 setae, 5 - 2 - 3 - 3 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 -? - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 246 in male (holotype). Idiosoma width 177 in male (holotype). Gnathosoma length 207 in male (holotype). Gnathosoma width 107 in male (holotype). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.84. Remarks. The species belongs to the group with a single Bp seta on Ta II. The characteristics of the species are: 4 Pgs in femlae, Tf I – IV with 3 - 2 - 0 - 0 Bp setae, and Tb I – IV with 5 - 2 - 3 - 3 Bp setae. Male and female are known. Habitat. Sublittoral – Bathyal zones: Coral sands and Thalassodendron (Monocotyledon) at 18 – 440 m depth. Distribution. Indian Ocean: 12 ° 25 ’ S, 46 ° 16 ’ E (Zélée-Bank); 11 ° 24 ’ S, 47 ° 22 ’ E (Mozambique Channel) [Mozambique]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1981 a, 1982 c, 1988 a, 1994 b), Chatterjee & Sarma (1991). Depository. MNHNP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFFFFBDFF24FF77FE74FD83.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on AD. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 4 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 -? - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 2 -? - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 6 - 5 -? - 3 setae, (3,4) - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 -? - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 7 -? - 7 setae, 6 - 4 - 3 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 4 - 4 -? - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I smooth. Idiosoma length 188 in female (holotype). Idiosoma width 172 in female (holotype). Gnathosoma length 162 in female, 150 (idiosoma length 204) in male. Gnathosoma width 95 (gnathosoma length 174) in female (holotype). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.86. Remarks. The species is distinguished from congeners by having the Ds- 2 on AD and 3 or 4 Bp setae on Tf I. Female and LV are known. Habitat. Bathyal zone: Sediment at 450 m depth. Distribution. Indian Ocean: 12 º 29 ’ S, 45 º 02 ’ E (Mozambique Channel) [Mozambique]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1982 c), Chatterjee & Sarma (1991). Depository. MNHNP.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFFFFBDFF24FD6FFE5FFB0A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on AD. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA tripartite in female, uniform in male. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with 26 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 0 - 0 - 1 - 1 setae (Turkish specimen); Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae (Turkish specimen); Tf I – IV with 2 - 3 - 1 - 1 setae (Turkish specimen), (1,2) - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 2 - 2 - 3 - 3 setae (Turkish specimen), 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 7 - 5 - 6 - 5 setae (Turkish specimen), 6 - 3 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 248 – 304 in female, 273 in male. Idiosoma width 170 (body length 500) in female. Gnathosoma length 173 – 205 in female, 186 in male. Gnathosoma width 90 (gnathosoma length 200) in female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.68. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.13. Remarks. The species differs from congeners by Ds- 2 on AD, tripartite GA in female, and entirely sclerotized GA in male. Female, male, and PN are known. Habitat. Intertdal – Sublittoal zones: Coarse sandy sediment at 0.75 – 37 m depth. Distribution. Mediterranean: Banyuls-sur-Mer, Île Riou, Île Jarre, Pierre de Joseph, Marseille (Golfe du Lion) [France]. Toscana coast, Gulf of Naples [Italy]. Euboea Is. [Greece]. Hamitbey Plajý (Antalya) [Turkey]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), André (1961), Bartsch (1986 b, 1994 b), Bartsch & Schmidt (1978), Durucan (2018), Monniot (1962), Morselli & Mari (1982), Travé (1972). Depository. MNHNP (?).	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFFFFBDFF24FAF7FE0FF8AF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 same level as Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on AD. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA tripartite in female, bipartite in male. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with 27 – 36 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tf I – IV with 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 6 - 3 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 308 – 347 in female, 298 – 341 in male. Gnathosoma length 210 – 217 in female, 190 – 209 in male. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.62 – 0.69 in female, 0.60 – 0.64 in male. Remarks. Bartsch (1986) noted that morphology and chaetotaxy of gnathosoma and legs coincided with those in S. sabularius. The species resembles S. sabularius and S. hallezi, but differs from them by the tripartite GA in female and bipartite GA in male. Bartsch (1986) noted that S. hallezi recorded by Morselli & Mari (1985) from Italy should refer to this species. The Italian record from Piombino may need further verification. Female and male are known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Sandy sediment at 11 – 45 m depth. Distribution. Mediterranean: Île If, Île Ratonneau, Île Riou, Île Jarre, Morgiau, Port-Miau [France]. Piombino [Italy]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1986 b, 1994 b), Morselli & Mari (1985). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFFFFBCFF24F89BFE0BFD67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 posterior to Ds- 1. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female, uniform in male. Female with 6 Pgs and 4 Sgs. Male with 22 – 28 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 7 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae, 4 - 2 - 2 - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 268 – 368 in adult (holotype male 340, paratype female 312), 224 in PN. Idiosoma width 148 – 220 in adult (holotype male 216, paratype female 180), 120 in PN. Gnathosoma length 192 – 212 in adult (holotype male 212), 120 in PN. Gnathosoma width 76 – 88 in adult (holotype male 88). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.58 in female, 0.62 in male, 0.61 in PN. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 3.27. Remarks. The species has closest affinity to S. sabularius, however, differs from the latter by the Ds- 2 in the membranous area, bipartite GA in female, developed median claw, and the leg chaetotaxy. Female, male, and PN are known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Coarse sands at 10 m depth. Distribution. North Pacific Ocean: Teuri Is. (Hokkaido), Takeshima Is. (Shimane) (Dokdo Is. [Korea]) [Japan]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Lee & Chang (2017). Depository. NHMIC.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFEFFBCFF24FD53FE5FFAEF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 not found. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female and male. Female with 6 Pgs. Male with 20 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 0 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 3 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 4 - 2 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 8 - 7 - 7 - 7 setae, 5 - 4 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, without Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 370 – 450 in adult. Idiosoma width 236 in female (body length 650), 285 in male (idiosoma length 418). Gnathosoma length 280 – 330 in adult. Gnathosoma width 133 in female (gnathosoma length 273). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.67 – 0.79. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.63. Remarks. This species is distinguished from congeners by the shape of AD, the lack of Glps on dorsum, and the absence of Bp setae on Ta I – IV. Female and male are known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Sandy sediment, sediment with algae, and coarse or shell gravels at 6 – 18 m depth. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Roscoff (Bay of Morlaix), Le Croisic (Bay of Biscay) [France]. West Cork [Ireland]. Plymouth, Down [UK]. Mediterranean: Île Riou [France]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), André (1940, 1946), Bamber (1982), Bartsch (1978 b, 1979 a, 1986 b, 1994 b), Green & Macquitty (1987), Halbert (1915), Lohmann (1893 b, 1901), Monniot (1964), Somerfield (1991), Trouessart (1889 a, 1893, 1896 a), Trouessart & Neumann (1894 a, 1894 b). Depository. MNHNP (?).	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFEFFBCFF24FADBFE0FF903.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 not distinct. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female. Female with 6 Pgs. Tr I – IV with 0 - 0 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 setae; Tf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 setae, without Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 5 - 4 - 2 - 2 setae, 2 - 0 -? - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 6 - 5 - 5 - 5 setae, 3 - 2 -? - 2 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I smooth. Median claw large. Idiosoma length 192 in female (holotype). Gnathosoma length 172 in female (holotype). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.90 in female (holotype). Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 2.50 in female (holotype). Remarks. This species is distinguished from congeners by its large median claw. Single female is known. Habitat. Intertdal zone: Coarse sediment of upper shore. Distribution. North Pacific Ocean: Cape d’Aguilar (Hong Kong) [China]. References. Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1991 a, 1994 c). Depository. ZIZMH.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFFEFFBBFF24F8EFFE1DFDFB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 not distinct. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in male. Male with 32 Pgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 2 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 3 - 2 (3?) - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 8 - 6 - 7 - 7 (8?) setae, 5 - 3 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, without Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 436 in male (holotype). Idiosoma width 284 in male (holotype). Gnathosoma length 284 in male (holotype). Gnathosoma width 132 in male (holotype). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.65 in male (holotype). Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.10 in male (holotype). Remarks. This species resembles S. triden s and S. hallezi, however, differs from these two species by the round posterior margin of AD, Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle, convex anterior margin of pars sclerosum in male, 32 Pgs in male, and leg chaetotaxy. Single male is known. Habitat. Sublittoral zone: Fine gravels at a depth of 35 – 39 m. Fronds and holdfasts of Laminaria ochroleuca (Phaeophyta). Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean: Dingle Bay [Ireland]. Mouro Is. (43 ° 28 ’ 24 ’’ N, 3 ° 45 ’ 22 ’’ W) [Spain]. References. Abé (1990 c), Abé & Green (1994), Abé & O’Connor (1991), Bamber (1982), Bartsch (1994 b), Bartsch & Schmidt (1978), Green & Macquitty (1987), Halbert (1915), Riesgo et al. (2010). Depository. NMID.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFF9FFBBFF24FDA7FDFDFB88.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glp- 1 not found. Ds- 2 on membranous cuticle. PE with 1 dorsal seta. GA bipartite in female, fully sclerotized plate and separated membranous disc in male. Female with 6 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Male with 29 – 39 Pgs and 6 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 4 - 5 - 3 - 3 setae, 2 - 1 - 0 - 0 Bp setae; Tb I – IV with 9 - 7 - 7 - 7 setae, 6 - 4 - 4 - 4 Bp setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 dorsal setae, 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 Bp setae. Lc I with unidentate accessory process. Idiosoma length 350 – 384 in male (holotype 358), 375 in female, 258 in DN, 133 in LV. Idiosoma width 200 – 236 in male (holotype 200), 200 in female, 142 in DN, 100 in LV. Gnathosoma length 192 – 217 in male (holotype 196). Gnathosoma width 100 – 108 in male (holotype 100). Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.55 in male holotype, 0.57 in female, 0.58 in DN, 0.69 in LV. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 4.00 in male holotype. Remarks. This species is distinguished from other species by the ventral membranosum disc in male. Female, male, DN, LV are known. Habitat. Intertidal zone: Coarse sands at tidal line. Distribution. North Pacific Ocean: Oshoro Bay (Hokkaido) [Japan]. References. Abé (1990 a, e), Abé & Green (1994), Bartsch (1994 b). Depository. NSMT, USNMNHW.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFF9FFBBFF24FB58FD03F961.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Xenohalacarus longirostris Otto, 2000 Diagnosis. AD and PD large, OC small. Dorsum with 6 pairs of setae. OC and PD each with 2 pairs of Glps. AE with 3 pairs of setae. PE with 1 dorsal and 2 ventral setae. GA with Pgs. Sgs absent in female. Gnathosoma large, with slender, parallel-sided rostrum. Gnathosomal base with a pair of maxillary setae. Palpi 4 - segmented, attached lateral to rostrum. Legs slender. Gn shorter than adjoining segments. Lc I with large strong tines. Lc II – IV crescentlike, with accessory process and minute tines on the shaft. Median claw present. Ta IV without parambulacral setae. The general structures of the genus is schematically shown in Fig. 8. Remarks. The genus resembles Lohmannella and Porolohmannella in general appearance, but can be discriminated from the latter genera by having Lc I with long heavy tines. A single species is recorded from coral sands in the Queensland Plateau in Australia. References. Bartsch (2006 b), Otto (2000 a).	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFF9FFBAFF24F950FE2BFE6B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cornea absent. Glp- 1 not found. Palp 4 segmented. P- 2 with 2 setae. Ds- 2 on OC. Ds- 3 on membranous cuticle. One dorsal seta on PE. Female with 8 or 10 Pgs without Sgs. Male with 56 Pgs and 10 Sgs. Tr I – IV with 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 setae; Bf I – IV with 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 setae; Tf I – IV with 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 setae, without Bp setae; Gn I – IV with 6 - 6 - 4 - 4 setae, 0 - 0 - 1 - 0 heavy thickened (not Bp) setae; Tb I – IV with 8 - 8 - 6 - 6 setae, 2 - 2 - 1 - 0 heavy thickened (not Bp) setae; Ta I – IV with 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 dorsal setae, without Bp setae. Lc I with elaborate teeth. Lc II – IV with unidentate accessory process and fine comb. Idiosoma length 362 in holotype female, 335 in male, 325 – 330 in DN. Gnathosoma length ca. 170 in holotype female. Gnathosoma width ca. 49 in holotype female. Ratio of gnathosoma to idiosoma 0.47. Ratio of P- 2 to P- 1 12.00. Remarks. Characteristics are: the long heavy teeth on Lc I, elongate rostrum, long palpi with 5 apical setae, OC with 2 Glps, Ta IV without parambulacral setae, and presence of ventral setae on membranous cuticle of idiosoma. Female, male, and DN are known. Habitat. Subtidal zone: Coarse sands at 10 – 15 m depth. Distribution. South Pacific Ocean: Chilcott Islet (16 ° 56.51 ’ S, 150 ° 0.4 ’ E) (Queensland Plateau) [Australia]. Reference. Otto (2000 a). Depository. QMS.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFF8FFB6FF24F94AFBA4FD13.taxon	description	Actinotrichida shows a great diversity of body plates, which seem impossible to reduce to a common plan (Hughes 1959). However, it tends always toward the four dorsal and four ventral plates in halacarids, and this condition may be a primitive pattern. The faintly sclerotized opisthosoma, lacking well-formed tergites and sternites, is considered as an apomorphic condition in Acari (Lindquist 1984). As for Anomalohalacarus, Australacarus, Arenihalacarus, Halacaroides, and Parhalixodes, the diminution of the sclerotized area may relate to the body extension along the longitudinal body axis (Abé 1998). In addition, a secondary reduction owing to the parasitic phase is postulated in Parhalixodes. Among idiosomal plates, the dorsal ones tend to be smaller than the ventral ones, and the ocular plates often get extremely smaller in size, especially in arenicolous taxa. In Lohmannellinae, the outline and relative size of the ventral plates do not distinctly vary among genera, but those of the dorsal plates are rather diverging. Lohmannella and Porolohmannella do not show a size-reduction of the dorsal plates, instead seeming to hold the basic body plan of halacarids. On the other hand, Scaptognathides, Scaptognathus, and Xenohalacarus have smaller ocular plates, which might reflect adaptation to an interstitial habitat. Number of dorsal setae	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFF8FFB6FF24F94AFBA4FD13.taxon	description	Number of dorsal pores A thorough examination of the number and characteristic distribution of dorsal pores in Halacaridae has not been carried out because of the difficulty in detecting them due to inconspicuous small size in some taxa. Morphological comparison of a large number of halacarid genera showed that halacarids basically have five pairs of gland pores on the dorsum. The number of dorsal pores is nearly stable in a genus. The first pair is present on the anterodorsal portion, the second pair is on membranous area or ocular portion, the third pair is on the ocular portion, and the fourth and fifth pairs are on the posterodorsal portion. However, the detailed position of the dorsal pores is fairly variable among species, as well as among genera. Wiles (1997) discussed the homology of gland pores (glands and glandularia in Hydrachnidia) among several water mite taxa, and suggested that it was possible to identify homologous gland pores based on the relative location on the body, but some tended to wonder or disappear. In Lohmannellinae, Lohmannella and Scaptognathides have a basic number of gland pores on the dorsum. Porolohmannella lacks the second pair, and Xenohalacarus lacks the first pair. Scaptognathus has only three pairs of dorsal pores; either the third or the fourth pair from the basic plan may have been transformed into a setal structure, and the other may have degenerated or disappeared. Number and condition of ventral plates Generally, the ventral plate of halacarids consists of an anterior epimeral, right and left posterior epimeral, and genital and anal plates or a single genitoanal plate. Genital and anal plates are fused into a genitoanal plate in many halacarid genera. Although an anal plate is generally separated from a genital plate in the initial nymphal stages, these two plates are fused into a single genitoanal plate during ontogenesis. Therefore, the basic number of ventral plates is regarded to be four in adult halacarids (Abé 1998). In Lohmannellinae, all five genera have the typical arrangement of four ventral plates. However, the condition of the genitoanal plate in Scaptognathus is quite different from that in the other four genera. The genus Scaptognathus has a uniform, bipartite, or tripartite genitoanal plate consisting of a sclerotized part or a combination of sclerotized and membranous parts, which are referred to as pars sclerosum and pars membranosum, respectively, in Newell (1984). Such a condition of the genitoanal plate is unique in halacarids and considered to be an advanced state. Number of ventral setae on the coxal area The number of epimeral setae on the coxal fields is almost stable at the generic level. Halacarids generally have three pairs of setae on the anterior epimeral portion. A reduction of some of these setae is known in Thalassophthirius, Parhalixodes, and Acarochelopodia. Outside the subfamily Lohmannellinae, setal adjunction on this portion is known in Rhombognathus, Agauides, and Acanthohalacarus. On the posterior epimeral portion, about two thirds of the halacarid genera have four pairs of setae. Beyond Lohmannellinae, some additional setae are recognized in Arhodeoporus, Bathyhalacarus, Agaue, Bradyagaue, and Rhombognathus. In contrast, some setal reduction is detectable in Agauides, Australacarus, Colobocerasides, Rhombognathides, Isobactrus, Metarhombognathus, Phacacarus, Acarochelopodia, Parhalixodes, and the majority of freshwater genera.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFF8FFB6FF24F94AFBA4FD13.taxon	description	Perigenital setae usually surround the genital foramen, and the number of these setae is usually different between sexes as well as among species. In males, the number of perigenital setae is highly variable at a specific level and frequently overlapping among genera. Therefore, the number of perigenital setae in males is not discussed here. In females, the number of perigenital setae is somewhat variable at a specific level, but the basic number is recognizable on the basis of their arrangement. More than half of the halacarid genera have three or four pairs of perigenital setae in females. Outside the subfamily Lohmannellinae, five or more pairs of perigenital setae are recognized in Halacarus, Agauides, Lobohalacarus, Porohalacarus, Agaue, Bradyagaue, Halixodes, Rhombognathus, Werthelloides, Parasoldanellonyx, Limnohalacarus, and Enterohalacarus. The notable excessive number is recorded in Enterohalacarus, which has more than 150 perigenital setae in females. In Lohmannellinae, Porolohmannella and Scaptognathus basically have three pairs of perigenital setae, and Xenohalacarus has four or five pairs of perigenital setae in females. An excessive number of perigenital setae are found in Lohmannella, which has 10 to 80 perigenital setae in females. In contrast, females of Scaptognathides have only two pairs of perigenital setae, the smallest number in female halacarids. Considering that the reduction in the number of appendages is a main trend in the evolution of Acari, setal reduction on the genital area can be postulated in Scaptognathides. Number of subgenital setae The subgenital setae in females are completely lacking in one third of halacarid genera, and one or two pairs of subgenital setae are present in females of about one third of halacarid genera. Outside the subfamily Lohmannellinae, three or more pairs of subgenital setae are sometimes observed in females of marine genera Agauopsis, Bathyhalacarus, Thalassarachna, Halacarus, and Pelacarus, and freshwater genera Soldanellonyx, Parasoldanellonyx, and Limnohalacarus. Concerning the subgenital setae in males, the majority of halacarids have three or more pairs, and one third of genera have more than five pairs. Outside of Lohmannellinae, only two pairs of subgenital setae are exceptionally present in males of some species of Camactognathus and Actacarus. In Lohmannellinae, Lohmannella has two to five pairs of subgenital setae in females. Scaptognathus generally has two pairs and exceptionally no or three pairs of subgenital setae in females. Scaptognathides has no or one pair of subgenital setae in females. The subgenital setae are absent in females of Porolohmannella and Xenohalacarus. As for the males, Xenohalacarus has five pairs of subgenital setae. Two to four pairs of subgenital setae are present in Lohmannella, and three pairs of subgenital setae are usually present in Scaptognathus and Scaptognathides. A few species in Scaptognathus have only two pairs of subgenital setae, and one species in Scaptognathides has no subgenital setae in males. Considering the number of subgenital setae in males and females, it can be said that Lohmannella retains a relatively high number of subgenital setae in halacarids. Position of genital and anal foramens Ancestrally, the genital opening is at the posterior border of the eighth segment of the chelicerate opisthosoma, and the anal opening is more or less terminally placed (Van der Hammen 1989). The more ventral position of the anal opening is considered a secondary transformation in which a terminal telescoping of opisthosomal tergites carries this opening from a terminal to a ventral position (Krantz 2009). The reduction in the number of segments of the idiosoma is a main trend in the evolution of Acari (Sitnikova 1978), and a ventrally placed genital region is widely shared among mite taxa and considered a primitive condition. In notostigmatid mites, the large anal opening is terminally situated and this condition is regarded as a retention of the primitive feature (Evans 1992). In halacarids, the position of genital foramen is almost stable within a genus. All male and the majority of female halacarids have a genital foramen on the ventral surface of idiosoma, however, a few exceptions are found in some females. A terminally placed genital foramen is known in females in Actacarus and Rhombognathides. On the other hand, the anal foramen is located on the terminal end of the idiosoma in the majority of halacarids. Outside of Lohmannellinae, the ventrally situated anal foramen is found in some species in Isobactrus, Pelacarus, Werthella, Halixodes, Halacaropsis, and Enterohalacarus. In Lohmannellinae, all five genera have a ventrally placed genital foramen, which is regarded as a basic state in halacarids. In contrast, a rather ventrally situated anal foramen is observed in Porolohmannella. This condition is an exceptional state in halacarids and is considered a secondary transformation.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
022487BFFFF4FFB5FF24FCA3FB05FC2B.taxon	description	The outline of the rostrum is stable at the generic level, and that is nearly triangular or parallel-sided in the majority of halacarids. In addition to the typical rostrum, some peculiar forms are also found in a few genera. Outside of Lohmannellinae, Australacarus and Colobocerasides have a styliform rostrum, and Halixodes and Parhalixodes have a rostrum with terminal barbs. In Lohmannellinae, Lohmannella, Porolohmannella, Scaptognathides, and Xenohalacarus have a parallelsided elongate rostrum. Scaptognathus exclusively has a spatulate rostrum, which is a unique characteristic in halacarids and is considered a derived state. The form of the rostrum seems to relate its length relative to the gnathosomal base. In most halacarid genera, the rostrum is approximately the same length as the gnathosomal base or shorter than the base. In such a case, nearly triangular rostrum can be often seen. On the other hand, when the rostrum is much longer than the gnathosomal base, parallel-sided rostrum may be prone to occur, as can be found typically in Lohmannella, Porolohmannella, Xenohalacarus, and Pseudosoldanellonyx. Number and position of rostral setae Some setae are always found on the rostrum and / or gnathosomal base. Although, as exceptions, more than five pairs of setae exist on the gnathosoma in some species of Copidognathus and Thalassarachna, halacarids generally have a maximum of four pairs of rostral setae, two of which are placed on the terminal tip of the rostrum, and the others on the proximal part of the rostrum or gnathosomal base. Generally, at least one pair of rostral setae is placed on the gnathosomal base, except for some genera that have all rostral setae only on the rostrum. Outside of Lohmannellinae, such a case is found in Anomalohalacarus, Arenihalacarus, Camactognathus, Halacaroides, Halacarus, Mictognathus, Halacarellus, Acarochelopodia, Actacarus, Rhombognathus, Rhombognathides, Isobactrus, Metarhombognathus, and Corallihalacarus. In Lohmannellinae, a pair of rostral setae is placed on the gnathosomal base in Porolohmannella, Scaptognathides, and Xenohalacarus. Alternatively, rostral setae are absent from the gnathosomal base in Lohmannella and Scaptognathus. Number of palpal segments The original function and construction of the palpi resemble the walking legs and the articulations probably correspond to joints of the leg segments (Van der Hammen 1989). Typically, the palpi are simple sensory appendages equipped with a variety of setae that assist in locating food, and a modification of the palpal structure is sometimes observed in Acari (Krantz 2009). The ancestral number of actinotrichid palpal segments is five, but the number of palpal segments is reduced in many actinotrichid species (Van der Hammen 1989). A great number of halacarids have four free segmented palpi, and the number of segments is unchanged within a genus. Outside of Lohmannellinae, the diminution of one or two palpal segments is found in Atelopsalis, Coloboceras, Colobocerasides, Rhombognathides, Metarhombognathus, Simognathus, Acaromantis, and Enterohalacarus. As an extreme case, the palpi are completely absent in Spongihalacarus. In Lohmannellinae, Scaptognathides and Scaptognathus have only two palpal segments as the result of a fusion of P- 2, P- 3, and P- 4, and the trace of a boundary between P- 2 and P- 3 can be recognized on rare occasions. A similar reduction is recognized in Acaromantis. As noted by Van der Hammen (1989), the reduction of the number of palpal segments is considered an advanced state in halacarids. Form of chelicera Although ancestrally, the actinotrichid chelicera is composed of three segments (Van der Hammen 1989), the chelicera of Actinotrichida has a bipartite structure in consequence of the lack of a distinct basal article due to a reduction (Evans 1992). The chelicera is considerably divergent in form, and its modifications can be seen in the reduction of the fixed digit and the development of the movable digit into a sickle-, hook-, or stylet-like structure (Cunliffe 1954; Woolley 1961; Evans 1992). In halacarids, the chelicera generally consists of the base, stem, and two digits, of which the fixed digit is reduced to a membranous structure and the movable digit is furnished with some minute denticles on its dorsal edge. The form of the chelicera is also related to the form and length of the rostrum, and the majority of halacarids have a nearly sickle- or hook-like chelicera; however, some conspicuous modifications are found in some genera. In Lohmannellinae, the elongate sickle- or hook-like chelicera is found in Lohmannella, Porolohmannella, Scaptognathides, and Xenohalacarus. On the other hand, a long, styliform chelicera is typical in Scaptognathus. This unique cheliceral form will be modified from the common sickle- or hook-like chelicera.	en	Abé, Hiroshi (2021): Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera. Zootaxa 4980 (2): 201-255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.1
