identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6CE79A2D0ED25B828439A36BD3B559F6.text	6CE79A2D0ED25B828439A36BD3B559F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nebria (Palaptenonebria) Kavanaugh 2021	<div><p>Subgenus Nebria Palaptenonebria Kavanaugh, subgen. nov.</p> <p>Catonebria Shilenkov, 1975 (in part); = " Nebria mellyi " group sensu Ledoux and Roux 2005.</p> <p>Type species.</p> <p>Nebria mellyi Gebler, 1847:312, by present designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Body size small, SBL = 7.2 to 9.5 mm. Head width medium or slightly broadened, not constricted behind eyes; vertex with a pair of paramedial pale spots on vertex and one pair of supraorbital setae. Eyes slightly to moderately reduced in size, moderately convex. Antennae medium length to slightly elongate; antennal scape with one subapicodorsal seta (or two in Nebria roddi Dudko &amp; Shilenkov, 2001 and Nebria baenningeri korgonica Dudko &amp; Shilenkov, 2001); antennomeres 3 and 4 not laterally compressed, without extra setae. Labrum with three pairs of apical setae. Maxillary stipes typical for genus, with setae inserted flush on smooth surface. Penultimate labial palpomere with three setae. Pronotum moderately cordate in dorsal aspect, with lateral margination shallowly to moderately impressed and markedly narrow at middle; one midlateral seta and one basolateral seta present on each side. Elytral intervals smooth, slightly to moderately flattened, without macrosculpture, elytral interval 3 with one to seven setiferous pores, intervals 5 and 7 with zero to two setiferous pores; umbilicate series comprised of eight to ten setae; intervals bearing setae faintly to moderately catenate. Hindwings reduced to short, slender strap-like vestiges. Metasternum moderately to markedly short. Metepisterna smooth, impunctate. Protarsomeres 1-3 expanded in males; mesotarsomeres 2-4 longer than their apical width; tarsi dorsally glabrous (or with few sparse and fine setae in Nebria mellyi Gebler, 1847 specimens). Abdominal sternites IV-VI with from two to five or more pairs of posterior paramedial setae and with zero to three pairs of anterior paralateral setae; sternite VII with one or two pairs of paramedial apical setae in males, two to three or more pairs in females. Median lobe of male aedeagus sclerotized dorsally at least to midlength on shaft, symmetrical to slightly deflected right in dorsal aspect; basal bulb expanded, quadrate, broadly open basally and closed dorsally, without a sagittal aileron present at base or with only a lightly sclerotized collar; mid-shaft parallel-sided in lateral aspect, slightly to moderately compressed in cross-section, right lateral face with a shallow longitudinal groove or shallow indentation; apical orifice moderately (in Nebria lyubechanskii Dudko, 2008 specimens only) or extremely deflected right. Right paramere narrow and slightly shortened. Female hemisternites VIII with basal apodeme faintly to moderately emarginated. Female valvifer without vestiture; gonopods VIII fused to dorsomedial bases of gonocoxae; gonocoxae with ventral diagonal row of setiform setae and mediodorsal row of setae present, mediodorsal row oriented parallel to longitudinal axis of gonocoxa. Bursa copulatrix without dorsal sclerites in vestibular chamber and without a posterodorsal extension from its longitudinal axis in lateral aspect; spermathecal chamber broadly cordate in dorsal aspect, without dorsal sclerites (in most species) or with a simple, broad and convoluted plate anterior to spermathecal duct insertion (in Nebria sajana sarlyk Dudko &amp; Shilenkov, 2001, N. s. dubatolovi Dudko &amp; Shilenkov, 2001 and N. s. sitnikovi Dudko &amp; Shilenkov, 2001); spermathecal duct slightly short in length and of uniform diameter throughout or nearly so, inserted basodorsally on spermathecal chamber or on a dorsal accessory lobe of that chamber (in Nebria sajana sajana Dudko &amp; Shilenkov, 2001); spermathecal reservoir of medium length.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The subgeneric epithet is a noun of feminine gender and combination of the Greek word, palaios, meaning old, in reference to the Palearctic (Old World) distribution of the group, aptenos, meaning unable to fly, and the genus name, Nebria, in reference to observation that all known members of this clade have extremely reduced hindwings incapable of supporting flight.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>As for members of subgenus Catonebria Neaptenonebria, those of this group are easily identified as members of the Catonebria Complex using the Ledoux and Roux’s (2005) key to subgenera. Features that distinguish them from members of subgenus Catonebria Nivalonebria have been discussed above for that taxon. We cannot suggest any external morphological feature that consistently and satisfactorily distinguishes all members of all species of Palaptenonebria from all Catonebria members, and there are few uniquely distinguishing internal features evident as well. The hindwings are more highly reduced (to short, slender strap-like vestiges) in all Palaptenonebria members than in any Catonebria member, but are similar in size to those of Neaptenonebria species. Internally, Palaptenonebria males have the right paramere of the aedeagus narrowed and slightly shorter than those of Catonebria males, but, again, similar in form to those in Neaptenonebria males. All males of Palaptenonebria species have the right lateral face of the mid-shaft region of the aedeagal median lobe modified to some extent. There is at least a shallow longitudinal depression or groove present in this region, and in N. mellyi that groove is deeply impressed and deepest and most sharply delineated basally. However, in no males of this clade is there an invaginated, basally-directed pouch as seen in all Neaptenonebria males. As noted above, a groove or depression similar to that seen in Palaptenonebria males is found also in Catonebria males of the Nebria gebleri group, as well as of N. metallica and Nebria labontei. In Palaptenonebria females, the mediodorsal row of setae on the gonocoxae is present and oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the gonocoxa rather than obliquely in relation to the longitudinal axis as in Neaptenonebria females. See the Discussion section above for Neaptenonebria Neaptenonebria for a few additional distinguishing features or trends.</p> <p>Known distribution and diversity.</p> <p>The geographical range of this clade is restricted to the Altai-Sayan region of southern Siberia, including the Altai, Western Sayan and Tannu-Ola Mountain systems, and presently includes six taxa ranked as species and another eight ranked as subspecies. Dudko and Shilenkov (2001) provided an excellent revision of this group.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6CE79A2D0ED25B828439A36BD3B559F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Maddison, David R.;Simison, W. Brian;Schoville, Sean D.;Schmidt, Joachim;Faille, Arnaud;Moore, Wendy;Pflug, James M.;Archambeault, Sophie L.;Hoang, Tinya;Chen, Jei-Ying	Kavanaugh, David H., Maddison, David R., Simison, W. Brian, Schoville, Sean D., Schmidt, Joachim, Faille, Arnaud, Moore, Wendy, Pflug, James M., Archambeault, Sophie L., Hoang, Tinya, Chen, Jei-Ying (2021): Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data. ZooKeys 1044: 41-152, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245
E9B783A0DB205E80BD3B2DAA17E02A8C.text	E9B783A0DB205E80BD3B2DAA17E02A8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Insulanebria Kavanaugh 2021	<div><p>Subgenus Insulanebria Kavanaugh, subgen. nov.</p> <p>Reductonebria Shilenkov, 1975 (in part); = " Nebria carbonaria " group sensu Ledoux and Roux 2005</p> <p>Type species.</p> <p>Nebria carbonaria Eschscholtz, 1829:24, by present designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Body size small, SBL = 8.2 to 9.5 mm (1-2). Head width medium to slightly broadened, not constricted behind eyes; vertex with a pair of paramedial pale spots and a single pair of supraorbital setae (13). Eyes of moderate size, moderately to markedly convex. Antennal scape with one subapicodorsal seta; antennomeres 3 and 4 not laterally compressed, without extra setae. Labrum with three pairs of apical setae. Maxillary stipes typical for genus, with setae inserted flush on smooth surface. Penultimate labial palpomere with three setae. Pronotum with midlateral setae absent, a single pair of basolateral setae present. Elytral intervals smooth, without macrosculpture, interval 3 with five to eight or more setiferous pores, interval 5 without setae (except one seta present in a few specimens) and interval 7 with zero or two or more setiferous pores, intervals 3, 5 (if setose), and 7 (if setose) moderately catenate. Hindwings reduced to short membranous lobes with only vestigial venation evident. Metepisterna smooth, impunctate. Protarsomeres 1-3 expanded in males; mesotarsomeres 2-4 longer than their apical width; tarsi dorsally glabrous. Abdominal sternites IV-VI with two to four pairs of posterior paramedial setae, without paralateral setae. Median lobe of male aedeagus sclerotized dorsally at least to midlength on shaft, only faintly deflected right in dorsal aspect; basal bulb expanded, triangular or quadrate, broadly open basally and closed dorsally, without a sagittal aileron present at base or with only a lightly sclerotized collar; mid-shaft parallel-sided in lateral aspect, circular or only slightly compressed in cross-section, with right lateral face unmodified; apical orifice slightly to moderately deflected right. Right paramere slender and moderately long. Female valvifers without vestiture; gonopods VIII fused to dorsomedial bases of gonocoxae; gonocoxae with ventral diagonal row of setiform setae and mediodorsal row of setae present. Bursa copulatrix without dorsal sclerites in vestibular chamber and with longitudinal axis slightly arched basodorsally in lateral aspect; spermathecal chamber broadly cordate in dorsal aspect, and without dorsal or anterodorsal sclerites, insemination duct sclerotized as a long, narrow plate ventrally in the chamber; spermathecal duct slightly long, uniform in diameter throughout or nearly so, inserted sub-basodorsally on spermathecal chamber; spermathecal reservoir of medium length.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The subgeneric epithet is a noun of feminine gender and a combination of the Latin word, insula, meaning island, and the genus name, Nebria, in reference to the occurrence of both known species of this clade in Kuril Island Archipelago of far eastern Asia.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Members of this group are easily identified as members of the Reductonebria Complex using the Ledoux and Roux’s (2005) key to subgenera. They can be distinguished from members of the other two subgenera in this complex, Reductonebria Reductonebria and Reductonebria Erwinebria by several external and internal features. Most members of both Insulanebria species have one or more setiferous pores on elytral interval 7 as well as interval 3, whereas among members of the other subgenera, only a few individuals of Nebria (Reductonebria) diversa LeConte, 1863 have any setiferous pores on interval 7. In addition, the intervals bearing setae in Insulanebria members are moderately catenate while they are not or only faintly catenate in members of the other two subgenera except again for some specimens of N. diversa. The median lobe of male genitalia is only faintly deflected right in dorsal aspect in Insulanebria members, more distinctly deflected right in members of the other groups. Females of Insulanebria species have valvifers without vestiture, the longitudinal axis of the bursa only slightly arched basodorsally in lateral aspect, the spermathecal chamber without dorsal or anterodorsal sclerites but with the insemination duct sclerotized as a long, narrow plate ventrally in the chamber, and the spermathecal duct inserted sub-basodorsally on the spermathecal chamber. By contrast, females of the other two subgenera, have valvifers with vestiture, the longitudinal axis of the bursa moderately to markedly sigmoid dorsally in lateral aspect, the spermathecal chamber with either dorsal or anterodorsal sclerites but with the insemination duct not sclerotized in the chamber, and the spermathecal duct inserted basodorsally on the spermathecal chamber.</p> <p>Known distribution and diversity.</p> <p>The geographical range of this clade is restricted to the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kuril Islands Archipelago. It includes only two species, N. carbonaria and N. snowi, both of which have previously been included in subgenus Nebria Reductonebria.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9B783A0DB205E80BD3B2DAA17E02A8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Maddison, David R.;Simison, W. Brian;Schoville, Sean D.;Schmidt, Joachim;Faille, Arnaud;Moore, Wendy;Pflug, James M.;Archambeault, Sophie L.;Hoang, Tinya;Chen, Jei-Ying	Kavanaugh, David H., Maddison, David R., Simison, W. Brian, Schoville, Sean D., Schmidt, Joachim, Faille, Arnaud, Moore, Wendy, Pflug, James M., Archambeault, Sophie L., Hoang, Tinya, Chen, Jei-Ying (2021): Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data. ZooKeys 1044: 41-152, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245
A3FC909FCAF051619EA8722B9782BB36.text	A3FC909FCAF051619EA8722B9782BB36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parepinebriola Kavanaugh 2021	<div><p>Subgenus Parepinebriola Kavanaugh, subgen. nov.</p> <p>Epinebriola Daniel &amp; Daniel, 1904 (in part); Huber and Schmidt 2017 (in part)</p> <p>Type species.</p> <p>Nebria delicata Huber &amp; Schmidt, 2017:59, by present designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Body size small or very small, SBL = 8.0 to 9.9 mm. Head moderately wide, slightly constricted behind eyes; vertex with a single central pale spot or a larger pale area and with a single pair of supraorbital setae present. Eyes slightly to moderately reduced in size, moderately to markedly convex. Antennal scape with one or two subapicodorsal setae; antennomeres 3 and 4 not laterally compressed, without extra setae. Labrum with three or four pairs of apical setae. Maxillary stipes typical for genus, with setae inserted flush on smooth surface. Penultimate labial palpomere with three setae. Pronotum with one midlateral seta (a second lateral seta present unilaterally in a few specimens) and one basolateral seta present on each side. Elytral intervals smooth, without macrosculpture, interval 3 with one to seven setiferous pores, intervals 5 and 7 without setiferous pores, intervals 3, 5, and 7 without catenations. Hindwings reduced to short, membranous lobes with only faint vestiges of venation. Metepisterna smooth to sparsely and faintly punctate. Protarsomeres 1-3 expanded in males; mesotarsomeres 2-4 longer than their apical width; tarsi dorsally glabrous or with only a few fine setae. Abdominal sternites IV to VI without paralateral setae. Median lobe of male aedeagus sclerotized dorsally at least to midlength on shaft; basal bulb only slightly expanded relative to shaft diameter and broadly open basally and with lateral and dorsal basal collar, without or with only slightly developed laterobasal lobes; sagittal aileron present at base as a small midline fin attached to collar; mid-shaft slightly tapered apically and with lateral right face unmodified; apical orifice mid-dorsal. Right paramere slender and moderately long. Female valvifers with vestiture; gonopods VIII fused to dorsomedial bases of gonocoxae; gonocoxae with ventral diagonal row of setiform setae and mediodorsal row of setae present. Bursa copulatrix without or (in one species) with dorsal paramedial sclerotized plates in vestibular chamber; spermathecal chamber broadly wedge-shaped, triangular in dorsal aspect, without a posterodorsal extension from its longitudinal axis in lateral aspect and without dorsal, anterodorsal or ventral sclerites; spermathecal duct of medium length, slender and uniform in diameter throughout or nearly so or (in one species) distinctly and abruptly thicker proximally, inserted basodorsally on spermathecal chamber; spermathecal reservoir moderately long.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The subgeneric epithet is a noun of feminine gender and a combination of the Greek word, para, meaning near, and the genus-group name, Epinebriola, in reference to the marked similarity of members of this group to those of subgenus Epinebriola Epinebriola.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>As noted above in the Discussion section, the described members of this group were previously assigned to subgenus Epinebriola Epinebriola. We had no reason to doubt this assignment until after we had reviewed the results of our analyses. Two of the three undescribed species had also been tentatively identified as Epinebriola spp. The third shared more external features with Eonebria species than with Epinebriola species and had been identified initially as belonging to the former group. A subsequent, more detailed re-examination of both external and internal morphological features revealed a few differences that appear to distinguish members of this group from those of Epinebriola. In males: the median lobe of the male genitalia has a basal bulb without or with only slightly developed laterobasal lobes, whereas these lobes are moderately- to well-developed in Epinebriola; a sagittal aileron is present dorsobasally as a small midline fin attached to a basal collar, but the aileron is absent or present only as a flat, lightly sclerotized collar in Epinebriola; and the apical orifice is mid-dorsal, but moderately to markedly deflected right in Epinebriola. In females: the spermathecal chamber of the bursa copulatrix is simple, without a posterodorsal extension from the longitudinal axis in lateral view, while it has a slight posterodorsal extension in Epinebriola; the spermathecal duct is moderately long and slender (except distinctly thickened proximally only in one species, but short and moderately thick throughout in Epinebriola. We note that all Parepinebriola members in our sample have a small to large central pale area on the vertex of the head, whereas all the Epinebriola members in our sample lack such a pale area. However, we do not know if this distinction holds for the remaining Epinebriola not in our sample. Parepinebriola members also appear to differ morphologically with those of Nakanebria and Eonebria. In members of both of these groups, the head is not at all constricted behind the eyes, there is no trace of a sagittal aileron at the base of the male aedeagal median lobe, the basal bulb is quadrate with an expanded basal sleeve, the apical orifice is markedly deflected right, the female spermathecal chamber has a posterodorsal extension from the longitudinal axis in lateral view, the spermathecal duct is inserted mediodorsally on the spermathecal chamber and the spermathecal duct is slightly to extremely long.</p> <p>Known distribution and diversity. The known geographical range of this clade extends from the central Trans-Himalaya (Gangdise Shan) of southern Tibet eastward to the Gaoligong Shan of northwestern Yunnan Province, China. Presently, it includes five species. Two of these (N. delicata and N. retingensis) have been described and previously included in Epinebriola (Huber &amp; Schmidt, 2017), and the remaining three species are new and will be described in a separate paper.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3FC909FCAF051619EA8722B9782BB36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Maddison, David R.;Simison, W. Brian;Schoville, Sean D.;Schmidt, Joachim;Faille, Arnaud;Moore, Wendy;Pflug, James M.;Archambeault, Sophie L.;Hoang, Tinya;Chen, Jei-Ying	Kavanaugh, David H., Maddison, David R., Simison, W. Brian, Schoville, Sean D., Schmidt, Joachim, Faille, Arnaud, Moore, Wendy, Pflug, James M., Archambeault, Sophie L., Hoang, Tinya, Chen, Jei-Ying (2021): Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data. ZooKeys 1044: 41-152, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245
6F8FB7FBDD9C5589AD6BE214F38A097F.text	6F8FB7FBDD9C5589AD6BE214F38A097F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nebria (Neaptenonebria) Kavanaugh 2021	<div><p>Subgenus Nebria Neaptenonebria Kavanaugh, subgen. nov.</p> <p>Nebria ovipennis = " Nebria ovipennis group" (in part) sensu Lindroth 1961.</p> <p>Catonebria Shilenkov, 1975 (in part); = " Nebria kincaidi group" sensu Ledoux and Roux 2005.</p> <p>Type species.</p> <p>Nebria ovipennis LeConte, 1878:477, by present designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Body size small to medium, SBL = 9.4 to 12.8 mm. Head width medium or slightly to markedly broadened, not constricted behind eyes; vertex with a pair of paramedial pale spots on vertex and one pair of supraorbital setae. Eyes moderate in size or slightly reduced, moderately convex. Antennae slightly to moderately elongate; antennal scape with one subapicodorsal seta; antennomeres 3 and 4 not laterally compressed, without extra setae. Labrum with three pairs of apical setae. Maxillary stipes typical for genus, with setae inserted flush on smooth surface. Penultimate labial palpomere with three setae (except only two present in Nebria carri Kavanaugh, 1979 specimens). Pronotum markedly to extremely cordate in dorsal aspect, with lateral margination faintly impressed and slightly narrow at middle; one midlateral seta and one basolateral seta present on each side (except basolateral setae absent from N. carri, Nebria balli Kavanaugh, 1979 and Nebria kincaidi Schwarz, 1900 specimens). Elytral intervals smooth, moderately convex, without macrosculpture; elytral interval 3 with two to seven setiferous pores, interval 5 with zero or one setiferous pore, and interval 7 with zero to two or more setiferous pores; umbilicate series comprised of from ten to 17 setae; intervals bearing setae faintly to moderately catenate. Hindwings reduced to short, slender strap-like vestiges. Metasternum very markedly to extremely short. Metepisterna smooth, impunctate. Protarsomeres 1-3 expanded in males (except all five tarsomeres expanded in males from some populations of N. ovipennis LeConte, 1878); mesotarsomeres 2-4 longer than their apical width (except expanded in specimens from some populations of N. ovipennis); tarsi dorsally glabrous. Abdominal sternites IV-VI with from one (seen only in some specimens of N. balli) to five or more pairs of posterior paramedial setae and with from zero to five pairs of posterior paralateral setae; sternite VII with one pair of paramedial apical setae in males, two pairs in females. Median lobe of male aedeagus sclerotized dorsally at least to midlength on shaft, symmetrical to slightly deflected right in dorsal aspect; basal bulb expanded, quadrate, broadly open basally and closed dorsally, without a sagittal aileron present at base or with only a lightly sclerotized collar; mid-shaft parallel-sided in lateral aspect, slightly to moderately compressed in cross-section, with right lateral face with a distinctly and deeply invaginated pouch; apical orifice extremely deflected right. Right paramere narrow and slightly shortened. Female hemisternites VIII with basal apodeme very deeply emarginated. Female valvifer without vestiture; gonopods VIII fused to dorsomedial bases of gonocoxae; gonocoxae with ventral diagonal row of setiform setae and mediodorsal row of setae present, mediodorsal row oriented obliquely relative to longitudinal axis of gonocoxa. Bursa copulatrix without dorsal sclerites in vestibular chamber and without a posterodorsal extension from its longitudinal axis in lateral aspect; spermathecal chamber broadly cordate in dorsal aspect, without dorsal sclerites (in most species) or with a simple flat plate on dorsal surface of an accessory lobe (in N. kincaidi and N. balli); spermathecal duct medium to slightly short in length and of uniform diameter throughout or nearly so, inserted basodorsally on spermathecal chamber or on a dorsal accessory lobe of that chamber; spermathecal duct slightly short to medium length; spermathecal reservoir of medium length.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The subgeneric epithet is a noun of feminine gender and combination of the Greek word, neos, meaning new, in reference to the Nearctic (New World) distribution of the group, the Greek word, aptenos, meaning unable to fly, and the genus name, Nebria, in reference to the observation that all known members of this clade have extremely reduced hindwings incapable of supporting flight.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Members of this group are easily identified as members of the Catonebria Complex using the Ledoux and Roux’s (2005) key to subgenera. Features that distinguish them from members of subgenus Neaptenonebria Nivalonebria have been discussed above for that taxon. We have not yet identified any external morphological feature that consistently and satisfactorily distinguishes all members of all species of Neaptenonebria from all Catonebria members. The hindwings are more highly reduced (to short, slender strap-like vestiges) in all Neaptenonebria members than in any Catonebria member. The most highly reduced hindwings seen among Catonebria species are in Nebria pektusanica Horvatovich, 1973) from Changbei Shan (named Mt. Pektusan in North Korea), and they are short and lobate with some recognizable venation present. Features associated with wing loss in carabids, especially Nebria, are poor indicators of relationship, but they can still serve to aid identification. Internally, Neaptenonebria males have the right paramere of the aedeagus narrowed and slightly shorter than is typical for Nebria males, including those of Catonebria, but the difference is not dramatic. All males of Neaptenonebria species have the right lateral face of the mid-shaft region of the aedeagal median lobe with a distinct longitudinal groove, the basal end of which is invaginated as a moderately (as in N. ovipennis males) to deeply invaginated and basally-directed pouch (as in N. carri males). Presence of an invaginated pouch is distinctive for this clade; but males of Palaptenonebria species and Catonebria members of the Nebria gebleri group, as well as of N. metallica Fischer von Waldheim, 1822 and Nebria labontei Kavanaugh, 1984, also have a shallow, more or less distinct longitudinal groove in this location. Neaptenonebria females have the mediodorsal row of setae on the gonocoxae oriented obliquely in relation to the longitudinal axis of the gonocoxa, whereas this setal row is parallel to the longitudinal axis in females of other subgenera of the Catonebria Series.</p> <p>A few additional features distinguish members of this clade from most members of the Palaptenonebria clade. Most adults of Neaptenonebria species are medium-sized with SBL&gt; 10 mm, whereas all Palaptenonebria adults are smaller, with SBL ≤ 9.5 mm; but smallest the members of the former clade (SBL = 9.4 mm) overlap in size with the largest members of the latter (SBL = 9.5 mm). In Neaptenonebria species, the pronotal shape is more extremely cordate with the lateral pronotal margination more faintly impressed and less narrowed at the middle than in Palaptenonebria species. The elytra are more convex in Neaptenonebria species than in Palaptenonebria species, and the elytral umbilicate series is comprised of 11-17 setae in Neaptenonebria species but only 8-12 setae in Palaptenonebria species. The length of the metasternum is greatly reduced in both of these clades but more extremely so among Neaptenonebria adults. Most members of all species of the Neaptenonebria clade except N. ovipennis have paralateral setae on sternites IV-VI, and, when present, these setae are inserted much nearer to the posterior than the anterior margin of the sternite. All specimens examined of several species of the Palaptenonebria clade lack paralateral setae and, in the other species and those individuals in which these setae are seen, they are inserted in a more anterior position on the ventrites. In all Neaptenonebria species, all males examined have a single pair of apical paramedial setae on sternite VII and females have two pairs of these setae, whereas in all Palaptenonebria species at least some if not most or all males have two or more pairs of setae and at least some females have three or more pairs of setae. Finally, the basal apodemes of the female hemisternites VIII are more deeply emarginate in all Neaptenonebria females than in any Palaptenonebria females.</p> <p>Known distribution and diversity.</p> <p>The geographical range of this clade is restricted to western North America. It includes six species that together occupy a disjunct geographical distribution, with three species endemic to the Sierra Nevada of California and westernmost Nevada, one endemic to the mountains of Central Idaho and the Bitterroot Mountains of westernmost Montana, one to the Cascade Range of southern Washington and northern Oregon, and one to the western slope of Coast Ranges of southeastern Alaska and British Columbia south to Vancouver Island and the Olympic Peninsula of Washington.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F8FB7FBDD9C5589AD6BE214F38A097F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Maddison, David R.;Simison, W. Brian;Schoville, Sean D.;Schmidt, Joachim;Faille, Arnaud;Moore, Wendy;Pflug, James M.;Archambeault, Sophie L.;Hoang, Tinya;Chen, Jei-Ying	Kavanaugh, David H., Maddison, David R., Simison, W. Brian, Schoville, Sean D., Schmidt, Joachim, Faille, Arnaud, Moore, Wendy, Pflug, James M., Archambeault, Sophie L., Hoang, Tinya, Chen, Jei-Ying (2021): Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data. ZooKeys 1044: 41-152, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245
6226343FCCF3514DB574B8B0341021C8.text	6226343FCCF3514DB574B8B0341021C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nebria (Erwinebria) Kavanaugh 2021	<div><p>Subgenus Nebria Erwinebria Kavanaugh, subgen. nov.</p> <p>Nebria gregaria = " Nebria gregaria group" sensu Lindroth 1961</p> <p>Reductonebria Shilenkov, 1975 (in part); = " Nebria sahlbergi " + " Nebria gregaria " groups sensu Ledoux and Roux 2005</p> <p>Type species.</p> <p>Nebria sahlbergii Fischer von Waldheim, 1828:254, by present designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Body size small to medium, SBL = 7.1 to 11.7 mm. Head width medium to slightly broadened, not constricted behind eyes; vertex with a pair of paramedial pale spots and a single pair of supraorbital setae. Eyes slightly reduced to moderate in size, moderately to markedly convex. Antennal scape with one (two in very few specimens) subapicodorsal seta; antennomeres 3 and 4 not laterally compressed, without extra setae. Labrum with three pairs of apical setae. Maxillary stipes typical for genus, with setae inserted flush on smooth surface. Penultimate labial palpomere with three setae. Pronotum with midlateral setae absent, a single pair of basolateral setae present. Elytral intervals smooth, without macrosculpture, interval 3 with three to eight or more setiferous pores, intervals 5 and 7 without setiferous pores, interval 3 not or only faintly catenate, intervals 5 and 7 not catenate. Hindwings full-sized or slightly to markedly reduced in size. Metepisterna smooth or faintly punctulate. Protarsomeres 1-3 expanded in males; mesotarsomeres 2-4 longer than their apical width; tarsi dorsally glabrous or with a few fine setae. Abdominal sternites IV-VI with two to four pairs of posterior paramedial setae, without paralateral setae. Median lobe of male aedeagus sclerotized dorsally at least to midlength on shaft, moderately to markedly deflected right in dorsal aspect; basal bulb expanded, quadrate, broadly open basally and closed dorsally, without a sagittal aileron present at base or with only a lightly sclerotized collar; mid-shaft parallel-sided or slightly to moderately narrowed basally in lateral aspect, slightly compressed in cross-section, with right lateral face unmodified; apical orifice markedly to extremely deflected right. Right paramere slender and moderately long. Female valvifers with vestiture (a few specimens of some species without vestiture); gonopods VIII fused to dorsomedial bases of gonocoxae; gonocoxae with ventral diagonal row of setiform setae and mediodorsal row of setae present. Bursa copulatrix without dorsal sclerites in vestibular chamber and with longitudinal axis of the bursa moderately to markedly sigmoid dorsally in lateral aspect; spermathecal chamber broadly cordate in dorsal aspect, without (in Nebria lyelli Van Dyke, 1925 and Nebria quileute Kavanaugh, 1979) or with a small to large midline sclerotized dorsal plate, insemination duct not sclerotized; spermathecal duct medium-length to slightly long, uniform in diameter throughout or nearly so, inserted basodorsally on spermathecal chamber; spermathecal reservoir of medium length.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The subgeneric epithet is a noun of feminine gender and a combination of the surname of Terry L. Erwin, in whose honor we name this subgenus, and the genus name, Nebria.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Members of this group are easily identified as members of the Reductonebria Complex using the Ledoux and Roux’s (2005) key to subgenera. Features that distinguish them from members of subgenus Reductonebria Insulanebria have been discussed above for that taxon. We have not yet identified any external morphological features that consistently distinguish all members of all species of Reductonebria from all Erwinebria members, but there are several distinguishing internal features evident in both sexes. The mid-shaft is parallel-sided or slightly to moderately narrowed basally and the apical orifice is markedly to extremely deflected right in Erwinebria males. In Reductonebria males, the mid-shaft is markedly narrowed apically and the apical orifice is only moderately deflected right. As in most other Nebria examined, the gonopods VIII in Erwinebria females are fused dorsomedially with the bases of gonocoxae. In Reductonebria females, these gonopods are distinctly separate from, although in the same position in relation to, the gonocoxae. The spermathecal chamber is broadly cordate in dorsal aspect in Erwinebria females, but somewhat broadly ovoid in Reductonebria females. Although most members of both of the subgenera have sclerotized plates in the dorsal or dorsoapical wall of the spermathecal chamber of bursa copulatrix, they are of a different form in the two groups. In Erwinebria females (except in N. lyelli and N. quileute, which have no dorsal sclerites), the dorsal sclerite is variously formed as a small to large domed, horseshoe- or saddle-shaped plate associated with the point insertion of the spermathecal duct on the chamber. In Reductonebria females, the sclerotized area is predominately an apicodorsal cap on the spermathecal chamber. This cap sclerite may be relatively small, round, and smooth, as in N. ochotica, N. mannerheimii and N. darlingtoni females, or larger, crenulated rather than smooth, and/or expanded laterally or basally to or beyond the insertion point of the spermathecal duct.</p> <p>Known distribution and diversity.</p> <p>The geographical range of this clade covers much of western North America, from the outer Aleutian Islands in the northwest, south to eastcentral California, northern Arizona, and New Mexico and east to the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountain system from Yukon Territory in Canada south to northcentral New Mexico.</p> <p>Twenty-one species in this clade have been described.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6226343FCCF3514DB574B8B0341021C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Maddison, David R.;Simison, W. Brian;Schoville, Sean D.;Schmidt, Joachim;Faille, Arnaud;Moore, Wendy;Pflug, James M.;Archambeault, Sophie L.;Hoang, Tinya;Chen, Jei-Ying	Kavanaugh, David H., Maddison, David R., Simison, W. Brian, Schoville, Sean D., Schmidt, Joachim, Faille, Arnaud, Moore, Wendy, Pflug, James M., Archambeault, Sophie L., Hoang, Tinya, Chen, Jei-Ying (2021): Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data. ZooKeys 1044: 41-152, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245
E1AC85327E405F19924E8D07745F9C82.text	E1AC85327E405F19924E8D07745F9C82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nebria (Nivalonebria) Kavanaugh 2021	<div><p>Subgenus Nebria Nivalonebria Kavanaugh, subgen. nov.</p> <p>Nebria ovipennis = " Nebria ovipennis group" (in part) sensu Lindroth 1961</p> <p>Nakanebria Ledoux &amp; Roux, 2005 (in part)</p> <p>Type species.</p> <p>Nebria paradisi Darlington, 1931:24, by present designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Body size small to medium, SBL = 8.7 to 11.3 mm. Head markedly broadened, not constricted behind eyes; vertex with a single medial pale area and a single pair of supraorbital setae. Eyes moderate in size, moderately convex. Antennal scape with one subapicodorsal seta; antennomeres 3 and 4 not laterally compressed, without extra setae. Labrum with three pairs of apical setae. Maxillary stipes typical for genus, with setae inserted flush on smooth surface. Penultimate labial palpomere with three setae. Pronotum with one midlateral and one basolateral seta present on each side. Elytral intervals smooth, without macrosculpture, interval 3 with one to seven setiferous pores, interval 5 with zero to two and interval 7 with zero to two or more setiferous punctures, intervals with setae only faintly catenate; elytral medial margins diverge slightly and arcuate from the midline apically. Hindwings reduced to short, slender strap-like vestiges. Metepisterna smooth, impunctate. Protarsomeres 1-3 expanded in males; mesotarsomeres 2-4 longer than their apical width; tarsi dorsally glabrous. Abdominal sternites IV-VI with one to four pairs of posterior paramedial setae, without paralateral setae. Median lobe of male aedeagus sclerotized dorsally at least to midlength on shaft, symmetrical in dorsal aspect; basal bulb expanded, quadrate, broadly open basally and closed dorsally, without a sagittal aileron present at base or with only a lightly sclerotized collar; mid-shaft parallel-sided in lateral aspect, slightly compressed in cross-section, with right lateral face unmodified; apical orifice markedly deflected right. Right paramere slender and very long. Female valvifers without vestiture; gonopods VIII fused to dorsomedial bases of gonocoxae; gonocoxae with ventral diagonal row of setiform setae and mediodorsal row of setae present. Bursa copulatrix with a pair of large dorsal paramedial sclerotized plates in vestibular chamber, with its longitudinal axis moderately sigmoid dorsally in lateral aspect; spermathecal chamber broadly cordate in dorsal aspect, without dorsal sclerites (in some N. paradisi) or with a small midline plate (other N. paradisi) or large and broad dorsal plate (in N. turmaduodecima); spermathecal duct very long and of uniform diameter throughout or nearly so, inserted basodorsally on spermathecal chamber; spermathecal reservoir of medium length.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The subgeneric epithet is a noun of feminine gender and a combination of the Latin word, Nebria nivalis, meaning snow, and the genus name, Nebria, in reference to the occurrence of all known members of this clade in the vicinity of montane snowfields and glaciers.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Members of this subgenus can be distinguished from those of subgenus Nivalonebria Nakanebria, to which they were assigned by Ledoux and Roux (2005), by several external and internal morphological features. Externally, the head is markedly broad, the medial margins of the elytra are slightly and arcuately divergent apically, and the ventroapical margin of metatarsomere 4 is markedly lobate laterally in members of Nivalonebria species, whereas the head is of moderate width, the medial margins of the elytra are sinuately divergent apically, and the ventroapical margin of metatarsomere 4 is extremely lobate laterally in Nakanebria members. Internally, the apical orifice of the median lobe of male genitalia is markedly deflected right in Nivalonebria members, only slightly so in Nakanebria members. Females of Nivalonebria species have valvifers without vestiture, a bursa copulatrix with a pair of large dorsal paramedial sclerotized plates in the vestibular chamber and with its longitudinal axis moderately sigmoid dorsally in lateral aspect and a spermathecal duct markedly long and inserted basodorsally on the chamber. In contrast, Nakanebria females have valvifers with vestiture, a bursa copulatrix without sclerotized plates in the vestibular chamber and with its longitudinal axis only slightly deflected apicodorsally, and a spermathecal duct slightly to markedly short and inserted medioventrally on the chamber. Nivalonebria members are distinguished from those of the other subgenera in the Catonebria complex externally in having a single medial pale area on the vertex (as opposed to a distinct pair of paramedial pale spots as seen in the other subgenera) and the medial margins of the elytra slightly and arcuately divergent apically. In members of Neaptenonebria, Palaptenonebria and all Catonebria (except Nebria baumanni Kavanaugh, 2015) the medial margins of the elytra diverge apically and a distinct angle. Internally, they are distinguished in having males with the right paramere of the aedeagus very long and slender and females with a bursa copulatrix with a pair of large dorsal paramedial sclerotized plates in the vestibular chamber and a very long spermathecal duct. Males of Neaptenonebria, Palaptenonebria and Catonebria have the right paramere slightly or moderately shorter, and females have a bursa without sclerites in the vestibular chamber and with a shorter spermathecal duct. The right lateral face of the mid-shaft of the median lobe of Nivalonebria males is smoothly convex and lacks any of the depressions or invaginations seen in this region in Neaptenonebria, Palaptenonebria, and some Catonebria males.</p> <p>Known distribution and diversity.</p> <p>The geographical range of this clade includes two disjunct areas of western North America, each with a single endemic species: (1) the northern Cascade Range of Washington and northern Oregon, from North Cascades National Park in the north to Mount Hood in the south (with N. paradisi endemic to that area); and (2) the Trinity Alps of northwestern California (with N. turmaduodecima endemic there).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1AC85327E405F19924E8D07745F9C82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Maddison, David R.;Simison, W. Brian;Schoville, Sean D.;Schmidt, Joachim;Faille, Arnaud;Moore, Wendy;Pflug, James M.;Archambeault, Sophie L.;Hoang, Tinya;Chen, Jei-Ying	Kavanaugh, David H., Maddison, David R., Simison, W. Brian, Schoville, Sean D., Schmidt, Joachim, Faille, Arnaud, Moore, Wendy, Pflug, James M., Archambeault, Sophie L., Hoang, Tinya, Chen, Jei-Ying (2021): Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data. ZooKeys 1044: 41-152, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245
