identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BD90C7681C945182BC8DA39AE186B399.text	BD90C7681C945182BC8DA39AE186B399.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemilactica Blake 1937	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hemilactica Blake, 1937</p>
            <p> Hemilactica Blake, 1937: 37. Type species:  Hemilactica pulchella Blake, 1937: 37, by original designation. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Micropholis guyanensis (A. DC.) Pierre (  Sapotaceae ), wild balata (Blake 1964 for  Hemilactica portoricensis Blake). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> While describing the genus, Blake compared it with  Lactica Erichson and  Diphaulaca Chevrolat. It is indeed similar externally to both. However,  Hemilactica specimens are missing sclerotized vaginal palpi as  Lactica and related genera (Viswajyothi and Konstantinov 2020). The type species of  Diphaulaca [  D. aulica (Olivier)] has vaginal palpi well sclerotized and fully visible. Because of the structure of on the  beetle’s head sulci and ridges, the grooves on the pronotum and general body shape,  Hemilactica generally fits into the  Monomacra group of genera as roughly defined by Bechyne and Springlova de Bechyne (1975) and described in more details in Viswajyothi and Konstantinov (2020). In order to facilitate identification of  Hemilactica , a key to it and related genera previously published (Viswajyothi and Konstantinov 2020) is provided at the end of the paper. </p>
            <p> Currently known  Hemilactica species exhibit some noticeable differences in  “genus” level characters as they are currently understood for the purpose of revising flea beetle genera of the West Indies. The type species,  H. pulchella and  H. rugosa Blake are quite similar in having strongly punctate dorsum and relatively long and narrow frontal ridge, while species that Blake (1964) described later (e.g.,  H. portoricensis ) have a much shorter and wider frontal ridge and smooth elytra with much smaller elytral and pronotal punctations. However, the other substantial features of these beetles look similar. Therefore, they are all retained under  Hemilactica until more evidence comes to light.  Lactica megaspila Blake (Fig. 26) is clearly congeneric with  Hemilactica portoricensis and therefore is transferred here to  Hemilactica . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD90C7681C945182BC8DA39AE186B399	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Konstantinov, Alexander S.	Konstantinov, Alexander S. (2021): Flea beetles of the West Indies: the genus Hemilactica Blake, 1937 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1044: 589-607, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62632, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62632
8A900F0A180457829382E0A1BE33C37B.text	8A900F0A180457829382E0A1BE33C37B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemilactica erwini Konstantinov 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hemilactica erwini sp. nov. Figures 1, 2-5, 6-11 </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Holotype, male.  Labels : 1) Dominican Rep.: Prov. Barahona, nr. Filipinas, Larimar Mine: 20-26.VI.1992; R. E. Woodruff &amp; P. E. Skelley, at night; 2  ) Holotype  Hemilactica erwini des. A. Konstantinov 2020 (FSCA). Paratypes with the same labels as holotype (1 FSCA, 2 USNM). Paratype with the same labels as holotype except 26.VI. (FSCA).   Paratype female.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.54473/lat 18.26725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.54473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.26725">Labels</a>
                 : 1) Dominican Republic: Independencia Prov., PN Sierra de Baoruco, (S of Puerto Escondido), 15.VII.04, 1215- 400 m, 18°16.035'N, 71°32.684'W, leg. A. Konstantinov  ; 2) Paratype  Hemilactica erwini des. A. Konstantinov 2020 (USNM). 
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            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Pronotum with two longitudinal dark spots on both sides of middle. Elytron with following dark spots: one on humeral callus, one medially to it, on basal callus, one below basal callus towards middle of elytron, one laterally towards side of elytron. Spots vary in size and color, some barely visible. Supracallinal sulcus poorly developed, straight, or convex, perpendicular to midline. Frontal ridge relatively long, dorsally wider than ventrally. Receptacle of spermatheca with inner side straight, outer side convex. Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view bends abruptly about middle, with tip curving dorsally. Median lobe in ventral view more or less parallel sided basally, narrowing gradually towards narrow apex, lacking denticle.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Body length 3.02-3.29 mm. Body width (widest point of elytra) 1.56-1.62 mm. Body height 1.08-1.13 mm. Pronotum and elytron yellowish, straw color with poorly defined, brownish spots. Pronotum with two longitudinal spots on both sides of middle. Elytron with following spots: one on humeral callus, one medially to it, on basal callus, one below basal callus towards middle of elytron, one laterally towards side of elytron. Spots vary in size and color, some barely visible (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Head. Surface of vertex densely and evenly covered with large punctures (Fig. 5). Orbit reduced to a narrow grove between eye and antennal callus. Supraorbital pore well developed, noticeable among other punctations. Inner margins of eyes slightly concave to straight, diverging towards mouth parts. Distance between eyes above antennal sockets in frontal view slightly greater than transverse diameter of eye. Sides of head below eyes converging ventrally. Anterior margin of labrum entire. Labrum with two pairs of setae placed symmetrically on sides. Midcranial suture absent. Supraorbital sulcus represented by fold between antennal callus and orbit. Orbital sulcus well developed. Supracallinal sulcus poorly developed, straight, or convex, perpendicular to midline. Supracallinal and supraorbital sulci form wide angle. Midfrontal sulcus well developed, long. Suprafrontal sulcus well developed, antennal calli and top of frontal ridge meet, separated by groove. Antennal calli nearly trapezoidal or nearly quadrate, directed longitudinally, not entering interantennal space. Frontal ridge relatively long, dorsally wider than ventrally. Its sides between antennal sockets slightly concave. Dorsal side of frontal ridge acute. Frontal ridge extends slightly between antennal calli. Anterofrontal ridge very low, merges with clypeus.</p>
            <p>Antenna filiform, reaching beyond half elytron (Fig. 2). Antennomere 1 shorter than next two antennomeres combined. Antennomere 2 elongate, shorter than 3, longer than half of it, narrower than antennomere 1, wider than antennomere 3. Antennomere 3 shorter than 4. Antennomere 5 shorter than 4 and as long as 6. Antennomeres 6 and 7 nearly as wide as antennomeres 4 and 5 separately. Antennomere 7 slightly narrower than 8.</p>
            <p>Prothorax surface glabrous, deeply and coarsely punctate (Fig. 6). Anterolateral callosity elongate, not expanded beyond lateral margin, facing anterolaterally. Anterior setiferous pore along anterolateral callosity situated close to posterior end. Anterolateral corners of pronotum projected slightly forward. Sides of pronotum slightly and evenly convex more so anteriorly. Base of pronotum with two short impressions visible only near basal margin. Pronotal base evenly convex. Antebasal transverse impression on pronotum shallow and poorly defined, better visible near longitudinal impressions, limited by them. Posterolateral callosity situated on corner of posterior and lateral margins. Procoxal cavities open. Intercoxal prosternal process convex at apex, extends beyond procoxae.</p>
            <p>Elytra at base wider than base of pronotum, with convex sides. Humeral and basal calli present. Elytral punctation deep, coarse, and confused. Ridges on elytra absent (Fig. 1).</p>
            <p>Legs. Pro- and mesotibiae without apical spur and with longitudinal ridge. Protarsomere 1 in males wider and longer than in females. Metatibia (Fig. 8) straight in dorsal view, slightly curved in lateral view, more or less cylindrical around middle. Metatibia on lateral side without small denticles. Metatibial apex flattened dorsally before tarsal insertion. Metatibial spur simple, narrow, ending in one tooth, situated laterally, nearly as long as greatest width of metatibial apex. Incision of metatarsomere 3 present. Claw appendiculate with a short lobe.</p>
            <p>Genitalia. Spermatheca (Fig. 9) with receptacle and pump with distinct border in between. Receptacle longer than wide, in a single plane, inner side straight, outer side convex, longer and wider than pump. Pump more or less straight. Duct of spermatheca without coils, roundish, narrowing abruptly towards gland. Vaginal palpi absent. Tignum narrow anteriorly into a narrow lobe (Fig. 11). Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 10) bends abruptly about middle, with tip curving dorsally in lateral view. In ventral view more or less parallel-sided basally, narrowing gradually towards narrow apex, lacking denticle.</p>
            <p>Habitat.</p>
            <p>Seasonally dry tropical forest.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> This species is named after Terry L. Erwin, USNM  Coleoptera curator, prolific ground beetle systematist, and pioneering scholar of tropical biodiversity. </p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Hemilactica erwini is similar to the type species of the genus,  H. pulchella Blake and  H. rugosa Blake in having relatively narrow frontal ridge and deeply and coarsely punctate elytra with brownish, poorly defined spots and lacking ridges. It may be separated from them by the smaller, less differentiated and paler spots on pronotum and wider tip of the median lobe of the aedeagus.  Hemilactica erwini is easily distinguished from the rest  Hemilactica species as they have relatively small elytral and pronotal punctations, elytral surface shiny with bright blue or black spots and longitudinal ridges. In addition,  H. erwini may be identified with the help of the key below. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A900F0A180457829382E0A1BE33C37B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Konstantinov, Alexander S.	Konstantinov, Alexander S. (2021): Flea beetles of the West Indies: the genus Hemilactica Blake, 1937 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1044: 589-607, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62632, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62632
B110B55A59F35230B4819EF944D69B09.text	B110B55A59F35230B4819EF944D69B09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemilactica sierramartingarcia Konstantinov 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hemilactica sierramartingarcia sp. nov. Figures 12, 13-16, 17-24 </p>
            <p>Type material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype, male. Labels: 1) Dominican Republic, Barahona Pr., Sierra Martin Garcia 9.XII.2014, 925 m, WP-511, 18°21.224'N, 71°00.870'W Leg. A. S. Konstantinov; 2) Holotype  Hemilactica sierramartingarcia des. A. Konstantinov 2020 (USNM). Paratypes with the same labels as holotype (5 USNM, 2 MHND). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Pronotum, thorax, antennae, and legs uniformly orange, with tips of legs a bit darker. Elytra uniformly blue. Supracallinal sulcus poorly developed, straight, or convex, perpendicular to midline. Midfrontal sulcus visible, long, but weakly impressed. Frontal ridge relatively long, dorsally wider than ventrally. Median lobe of aedeagus bends gradually about middle, with tip curving dorsally in lateral view. Spermathecal pump more or less straight, wider than receptacle, with small round structure at the tip.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Body length 2.16-2.70 mm. Body width (widest point of elytra) 1.13-1.51 mm. Body height 0.81-0.86 mm. Pronotum, thorax, antennae, and legs uniformly orange, with tips of legs a bit darker. Elytra uniformly blue. Abdomen dark brown with tip a bit lighter.</p>
            <p>Head. Surface of vertex densely and evenly covered with large punctations (Fig. 15). Orbit narrow. Supraorbital pore well developed, noticeable among other punctations. Inner margins of eyes slightly concave to straight, diverging towards mouth parts. Distance between eyes above antennal sockets in frontal view three times greater than transverse diameter of eye. Sides of head below eyes converging ventrally. Anterior margin of labrum entire. Labrum with two pairs of setae placed symmetrically on sides of labrum. Midcranial suture absent. Supraorbital sulcus represented by fold between antennal callus and orbit. Orbital sulcus poorly developed. Supracallinal sulcus poorly developed, straight, or convex, perpendicular to midline. Supracallinal and supraorbital sulci form wide angle. Midfrontal sulcus visible, long, but weakly impressed. Suprafrontal sulcus long, antennal calli and top of frontal ridge meet, separated by groove. Antennal calli nearly trapezoidal or nearly quadrate, directed longitudinally, not entering interantennal space. Frontal ridge relatively long, dorsally wider than ventrally. Its sides between antennal sockets slightly convex. Dorsal side of frontal ridge acute. Frontal ridge extends slightly between antennal calli. Anterofrontal ridge very low, merges with clypeus.</p>
            <p>Antenna filiform (Fig. 17), reaching beyond half elytron. Antennomere 1 shorter next two antennomeres combined. Antennomere 2 elongate, as long as 3, narrower than antennomere 1, wider than antennomere 3. Antennomere 3 shorter than 4. Antennomere 5 as long as 4 and longer than 6. Antennomeres 6 and 7 nearly as wide as antennomeres 4 and 5 separately. Antennomere 7 approximately as narrow as 8.</p>
            <p>Prothorax surface glabrous (Fig. 14), covered with relatively shallow, sparsely placed punctations. Anterolateral callosity elongate, not expanded beyond lateral margin, facing anterolaterally. Anterior setiferous pore along anterolateral callosity situated close to posterior end. Anterolateral corners of pronotum projected slightly forward. Sides of pronotum slightly and evenly convex. Base of pronotum with two short impressions visible only near basal margin. Pronotal base evenly convex. Antebasal transverse impression on pronotum shallow and poorly defined, better visible near longitudinal impressions, limited by them. Posterolateral callosity situated on corner of posterior and lateral margins. Procoxal cavities open. Intercoxal prosternal process convex at apex, extends beyond procoxae.</p>
            <p>Elytra at base wider than base of pronotum, with convex sides. Humeral and basal calli present. Elytral punctation confused. Punctations deeper and slightly larger than those of pronotum. Ridges on elytra absent (Fig. 13).</p>
            <p>Legs. Pro- and mesotibiae without apical spur and with longitudinal ridge (Fig. 21). Protarsomere 1 in males wider and longer than in females. Metatibia straight in dorsal view, slightly curved in lateral view, more or less cylindrical around middle. Metatibia on lateral side without small denticles (Fig. 20). Metatibial apex flattened dorsally before tarsal insertion. Metatibial spur simple, narrow, ending in one tooth, situated laterally, nearly as long as greatest width of metatibial apex. Incision of metatarsomere 3 present. Claw appendiculate with a short lobe.</p>
            <p>Genitalia: Spermatheca with receptacle and pump with distinct border in between (Fig. 24). Receptacle longer than wide, in a single plane, inner side straight, outer side convex, longer and narrower than pump. Pump more or less straight, wider than receptacle, with small oval structure at the tip. Duct of spermatheca without coils, roundish, narrowing abruptly towards gland. Vaginal palpi absent. Tignum widens anteriorly into a wide lobe (Fig. 23). Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view bends gradually at about middle, with tip curving dorsally. In ventral view slightly constricted basally and above middle basally, lacking denticle (Fig. 22).</p>
            <p>Habitat.</p>
            <p>Seasonally dry tropical forest (Franklin et al. 2019).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Specific epithet is a noun in apposition based on the type locality, Sierra Martin Garcia.</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Hemilactica sierramartingarcia is quite unusual among  Hemilactica species because its uniformly blue elytra. Among them it is similar to  H. stomachosa (Suffrian), which elytra are also bluish. The concept of  H. stomachosa is based on the specimen from Cuba that Blake identified as such with  “?” . Both species may be separated by weakly developed pronotal grooves in  H. sierramartingarcia . Pronotal grooves are well developed in  H. stomachosa .  Hemilactica sierramartingarcia is similar to the type species of the genus,  H. pulchella Blake,  H. erwini , and  H. rugosa Blake in having deeply and coarsely punctate and lacking elytral ridges. Interestingly, median lobe of aedeagus in  H. sierramartingarcia and in  H. erwini have an elongate apex strongly bent dorsally (Figs 10, 22), which may be a character that identifies the genus.  Hemilactica sierramartingarcia may be separated from them by the smaller size and the body color. In addition,  H. sierramartingarcia may be identified with the help of the key below. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B110B55A59F35230B4819EF944D69B09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Konstantinov, Alexander S.	Konstantinov, Alexander S. (2021): Flea beetles of the West Indies: the genus Hemilactica Blake, 1937 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1044: 589-607, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62632, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62632
