identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
28D8B1AD50BE552CA03A498F85A699ED.text	28D8B1AD50BE552CA03A498F85A699ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus amazonicus (Petrov 2020) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus amazonicus (Petrov, 2020) comb. nov. Figure 1A-C, M </p>
            <p> Theoborus amazonicus Petrov, 2020: 406. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (ZMMU), not examined, paratype (ZMMU), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>Peru: Junin, near Rio Venado village, 1100 m a.s.l., Petrov (APP, 3).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.8 mm (n = 1), 2.37  × as long as wide (Petrov 2020). This species is distinguished by the elytra attenuated, apex entire, elytra shallowly excavated between interstriae 3, anterior margin of pronotum with a pair of projecting serrations, disc occupying 65% of elytral length, moderately sized at 2.8 mm, and stout, 2.37  × as long as wide. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. magnus . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Junin, Loreto).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/28D8B1AD50BE552CA03A498F85A699ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
B7109BB4ECAB567F8A053C4A897AF8F2.text	B7109BB4ECAB567F8A053C4A897AF8F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus amplissimus Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus amplissimus sp. nov. Figure 1D-F, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Peru: Madre de Dios, Los Amigos Biological Station, CM2, 12°44.92'S, 70°25.17'W, 17-18.v.2008, Smith, Hulcr, sample Peru 103a, 8 cm diameter branch (MUSM).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.8 mm (n = 1), 2.8  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, interstriae 2 with much fewer denticles than interstriae 1 or 3, antennal club flat, type 3, segment 1 occupying basal 1/4, and posterolateral margin of declivity costate, armed with two denticles. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. catulus ,  C. incomptus ,  C. newt ,  C. scully . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.8 mm, 2.8  × as long as wide. Body light brown, elytral declivity darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, glabrous. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, subconvex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, subconvex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc as long as anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.6  × as long as wide, 1.3  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 63%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face weakly flattened; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a recumbent seta as long as one punctures, striae 1 slightly laterally broadened from base to declivital midpoint and then narrowing towards apex; interstriae flat, interstriae 1 and 3 with four or five and four, respectively, subequal, uniformly spaced small denticles, interstriae 2 with a row of minute denticles, interstriae 2 with five or six minute denticles, much smaller than those of interstriae 1 or 3, interstrial setae sparse erect bristle-like, interstriae 1 with an additional sparse row of slightly shorter semi-recumbent setae. Posterolateral margin costate, armed with two denticles. Legs: protibiae distinctly triangular, broadest at apical 1/5; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven and eight moderately sized socketed denticles, respectively, their lengths equal to basal width. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. amplissimus = largest. In reference to the species size relative to other similar species. Adjective.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Madre de Dios).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>This species was collected from an unidentified branch 8 cm in diameter.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7109BB4ECAB567F8A053C4A897AF8F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
62116BFFA89D59C88F7F95DCD3B468BE.text	62116BFFA89D59C88F7F95DCD3B468BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus artetenuis (Schedl 1973)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus artetenuis (Schedl, 1973)</p>
            <p> Xyleborus artetenuis Schedl, 1973: 372. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus artetenuis (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992: 662. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NHMB), not examined and potentially lost (see remarks).</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.85 mm, 2.9  × as long as wide (Schedl 1973). This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1 and 3 denticulate and interstriae 2 unarmed, elytral apex deeply emarginate, declivity gradual, occupying at least posterior 50% of declivity, 1.85 mm and 2.9  × as long as wide. This species is most similar to  C. exilis which lacks granules or denticles on declivital interstriae 2. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. exilis ,  C. pseudotenuis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Bolivia (Beni).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Schedl (1973) stated that the holotype was deposited in NHMB. The specimen is not there, nor in  Schedl’s collection in NHMW (Schedl 1979; Wood 2007). Wood (2007) reported it from MZUSP but this is not confirmed. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/62116BFFA89D59C88F7F95DCD3B468BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
7A33407C57365418B68446B5FA164830.text	7A33407C57365418B68446B5FA164830.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus asperatus Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus asperatus sp. nov. Figure 1G-I, O </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, October 1994, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #922 (ICB).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm (n = 1), 2.86  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a crenulate carina that continues submarginally to apex, crenulations equal in size, declivital interstriae 3 densely denticulate with fewer than ten denticles, declivital interstriae 1 with three rows of setae, and declivital striae not impressed. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. carumbensis . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.0 mm, 2.86  × as long as wide. Body uniformly brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons dull, finely punctate, glabrous. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, procurved on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, subconvex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.1  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc as long as anterior slope, type 7, summit indistinct, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with moderately dense, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.7  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 2/3, then acutely tapered to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures large, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect seta. Declivity gradual, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, shagreened, dull, declivital face convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, interstriae denticulate along their entire lengths, interstriae 3 sparsely denticulate, denticles separated by at least the width of three denticles and with eight or fewer denticles, interstrial setae erect, bristle-like, uniseriate, interstriae 1 with two additional rows of slightly shorter erect hair-like setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a granulate carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with five moderately sized socketed denticles, their length as long as basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven and six moderately sized socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> L. asperatus = rough. In reference to the  species’ sculptured declivity. Adjective. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The holotype was collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A33407C57365418B68446B5FA164830	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
4CA330D7986555869DEE51D5408F7EFD.text	4CA330D7986555869DEE51D5408F7EFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus atlanticus (Bright & Torres 2006) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus atlanticus (Bright &amp; Torres, 2006) comb. nov.</p>
            <p> Xyleborus atlanticus Bright &amp; Torres, 2006: 417. </p>
            <p> Theoborus atlanticus (Bright &amp; Torres): Bright 2019: 272. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, paratypes (CNCI) (Bright 2019), not examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.8-2.0 mm, 2.7  × as long as wide (Bright and Torres 2006). This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 granulate along entire length, declivital interstriae 2 weakly impressed, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, declivital interstriae distinctly impressed, anterior margin of pronotum with a pair of projecting serrations. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. crassisororcula ,  C. incultus . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Specimens of this species were unable to be examined as part of this study. Our treatment is based on Bright and Torres (2006) description,  Bright’s (2019) treatment and images of the declivty. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4CA330D7986555869DEE51D5408F7EFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
BF4E54BA9B2C5A5DADDF8B583FA49BD7.text	BF4E54BA9B2C5A5DADDF8B583FA49BD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus attenuatus Wood 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus attenuatus Wood, 2007 Figure 1J-L, P </p>
            <p> Coptoborus attenuatus Wood, 2007: 400. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NHMUK), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm, 2.5  × as long as wide (Wood 2007). This species is distinguished by the elytral apex strongly acuminate, declivital interstriae 2 granulate near apex, declivity with a costa extending from apex to interstriae 8, pronotum 1.1  × as long as wide. It is most similar to  C. sagitticauda from which it can be distinguished by the smaller size, 2.0 mm vs. 2.3 mm, and stouter form, 2.5  × as long as wide vs. 2.88  × as long as wide. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. bellus ,  C. katniss ,  C. sagitticauda ,  C. sarahconnor ,  C. sicula ,  C. yar . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Brazil (Mato Grosso).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The holotype has a field notebook code  ‘C76’ on its locality label. The holotype was taken at a light trap set 22 m up in a tree in gallery forest (R.A. Beaver, pers. comm., 30 October 2020). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF4E54BA9B2C5A5DADDF8B583FA49BD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
23919FACAC4252FE809EE4F822A421F3.text	23919FACAC4252FE809EE4F822A421F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus barbicauda Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus barbicauda sp. nov. Figure 2A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, French Guiana: Amazone Nature Lodge, 30 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 18-23-IV-2007, J.E. Eger, 4.55954°N, - 52.2072°W, 300 m, UV light trap (NMNH).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm (n = 1), 2.22  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire and not produced, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, stout form, declivity weakly convex, and declivital interstriae 1 with two rows of erect scale-like setae. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. bettysmithae ,  C. capillisoror ,  C. hansen ,  C. schulzi ,  C. subtilis ,  C. trinity ,  C. uhura . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.0 mm, 2.22  × as long as wide. Body uniformly light brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, subconvex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 broad, convex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 0.9  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 2/5, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc subshiny with dense, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.3  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 3/4, then acutely rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures large, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, minutely, moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect bristle-like seta. Declivity steeply rounded, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, shagreened, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a recumbent seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, uniformly denticulate along their entire lengths, denticles confused, spaced by four widths of a denticle, setae erect, scale-like, as long as interstriae 1 width; interstriae 1 with an additional row of shorter erect scale-like setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a granulate carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with five large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with nine large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. barba = beard, caudus = tail. In reference, to the appearance of unkempt beard stubble (setae and granules) on the declivity. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>French Guiana.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/23919FACAC4252FE809EE4F822A421F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
CE97B237812B50EB8C981138B8103470.text	CE97B237812B50EB8C981138B8103470.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus bellus (Bright & Torres 2006) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus bellus (Bright &amp; Torres, 2006) comb. nov. Figure 2D-F, N </p>
            <p> Coptoborus bellus Bright &amp; Torres, 2006: 415. </p>
            <p> Theoborus bellus Bright &amp; Torres, 2006: Bright 2019: 273. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NMNH), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.1-2.3 mm, 2.6  × as long as wide (Bright and Torres 2006). This species is distinguished by the elytral apex feebly acuminate, declivital interstriae unarmed along its entire length, and antennal club with three sutures on posterior face. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. attenuatus ,  C. katniss ,  C. sagitticauda ,  C. sarahconnor ,  C. sicula ,  C. yar . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Grenada, Puerto Rico.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Wood’s (2007) measurements of three paratypes differ compared to the measurements of Bright and  Torres’ original description (2006) and those of Bright (2019). Given the previously noted observations of calibration error in  Wood’s measurements, these values are not included here. Bright (2019) reports that this species has only one suture on the posterior face of the club but it has two. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE97B237812B50EB8C981138B8103470	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
FA0951A15021513F9DE2E51A2D2C235A.text	FA0951A15021513F9DE2E51A2D2C235A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus bettysmithae Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus bettysmithae sp. nov. Figure 2G-I, O </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, June 1998, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 5, Erwin lot #1834 (ICB).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.4 mm (n = 1), 2.67  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, stout form, declivital interstriae 1 with a uniseriate row of erect scale-like setae, and posterior ~40% of elytra gradually tapered to apex. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. barbicauda ,  C. capillisoror ,  C. hansen ,  C. schulzi ,  C. subtilis ,  C. trinity ,  C. uhura . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.4 mm, 2.67  × as long as wide. Body light brown, elytral declivity darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 broad, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.1  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit evident, on basal 1/3. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with dense, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins carinate on basal third. Elytra: 1.6  × as long as wide, 1.4  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 64%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures large, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, minutely, moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, shagreened, shiny, declivital face weakly flattened; striae 1 and 2 feebly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a recumbent seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, uniformly denticulate along their entire lengths, denticles spaced by two widths of a denticle, setae semi-erect, scale-like, as long as interstriae 1 width; interstriae 1 with a one row of short setae as described for striae on each side of median erect setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae distinctly triangular, broadest at apical 1/5; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with six and eight large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> For Catherine (Betty) Smith, beloved grandmother of SMS. Betty was a remarkable woman who embodied the theme of  ‘kick-ass’ women: she was a "Rosie the Riveter" (https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/journey/rosie.html) in her youth and later displayed extraordinary fortitude in her battles with cancer. Noun in genitive. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The holotype was collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA0951A15021513F9DE2E51A2D2C235A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
05CE47BEA3A55FB480644550C0A924F0.text	05CE47BEA3A55FB480644550C0A924F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus brevicauda Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus brevicauda sp. nov. Figure 2J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, October 1995, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 5, Erwin lot #1181 (ICB). Paratypes, female, as holotype except: January 1995, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 10, Erwin lot #1039 (MSUC, 1); as holotype except: October 1996, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 5, Erwin lot #1715 (NMNH, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.4-2.6 mm (mean = 2.5 mm; n = 3), 2.4-2.5  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate, entire and produced, apical projection the width of striae 2, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, denticles minute, faint, their height less than 0.5  × interstriae width, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, and stout form. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. gentilis . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 2.4-2.6 mm (mean = 2.5 mm; n = 3), 2.4-2.5  × as long as wide (holotype 2.4 mm, 2.4  × as long as wide). Body light brown to brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons strongly shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, subconvex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, subconvex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with four subequal serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, on basal 2/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad very coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.4-1.5  × as long as wide, 1.4  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 68%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex apically produced, entire. Disc shagreened, dull; strial punctures large, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, minutely, moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/2 of elytra, shagreened, shiny, declivital face convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, interstriae 1-3 uniformly minutely granulate along their entire lengths, granules faint, their height less than 0.5  × interstriae width, setae semi-erect, bristle-like, in two rows on interstriae 1 and uniseriate on interstriae 2 and 3. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming an acute carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with eight large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with ten and nine large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. brevis = short, cauda = tail. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Specimens were collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/05CE47BEA3A55FB480644550C0A924F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
605D4F6256555B6EAE4A348D305B45C2.text	605D4F6256555B6EAE4A348D305B45C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus brigman Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus brigman sp. nov. Figure 3A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, October 1996, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 9, sta[tion] 7, Erwin lot #1747 (ICB). Paratype, female, as holotype except: January 1996, trans[ect] 3, sta[tion] 6, Erwin lot #1426 (ICB, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.7-1.8 mm (n = 2), 2.57-2.62  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margin continuously and smoothly carinate to striae 6 and not extended posteriad, declivital interstrial setae stout and scale-like, declivital interstriae minutely granulate, and declivital striae not impressed. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. leia ,  C. tristiculus ,  Euwallacea perbrevis . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 1.7-1.8 mm (n = 2), 2.57-2.62  × as long as wide (holotype 1.8 mm, 2.57  × as long as wide). Body light brown, elytral declivity darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons strongly shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, subconvex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.1-1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with four projecting serrations, median pair larger than lateral pair. In lateral view elongate, disc anterior slope subequal, type 7, summit prominent, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with moderately dense, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.4  × as long as wide, 1.25  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra rounded, parallel-sided in basal 80%, then broadly rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc shagreened, dull; strial punctures large, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, minutely, moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face flattened; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, uniformly minutely granulate along their entire lengths, setae stout, semi-erect, scale-like. Posterolateral margin continuously and smoothly carinate to striae 6. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six or seven large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with eight and nine large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Dr. Lindsey Brigman is the heroine in the movie 'The  Abyss’ (1989). Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The type specimens were collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/605D4F6256555B6EAE4A348D305B45C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
4C9F5EF0AF725382A0DFBC0A710E97C5.text	4C9F5EF0AF725382A0DFBC0A710E97C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus busoror Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus busoror sp. nov. Figure 3D-F, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo [= Orellana], Via Kerrmegee, Sta. Rosa, 1°5'77"S, 17[sic, possibly 77]°34'14"W, 377 m, 21 Sep 2000, M. Vallejo R., ex.  Astrocaryum urostachys (PUCE). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.7 mm (n = 1), 2.7  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivity distinctly sulcate along interstriae 2, declivital interstriae 2 unarmed, interstriae 1 and 3 armed, declivital striae 1 and 2 parallel on declivital face and widely spaced, and declivital striae 2 punctate. It is most similar to  C. ochromactonus and can be further distinguished by the larger size 2.7 mm vs. 2.5-2.6 mm, and more elongate body 2.7  × as long as wide vs. 2.5-2.6  × as long as wide, more elongate pronotum 1.2  × as long as wide vs. 1.05-1.1  × as long as wide, and distribution east of the Andes vs. west of the Andes. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. leeloo ,  C. nudulus ,  C. ochromactonus ,  C. pilisoror ,  C. ripley ,  C. sororcula ,  C. spicatus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.7 mm, 2.7  × as long as wide. Body brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons strongly shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, subconvex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, subconvex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two projecting serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/4. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, subshiny with moderately dense, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins carinate on basal third. Elytra: 1.5  × as long as wide, 1.25  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 2/3, then acutely rounded to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, dull; strial punctures moderate, shallow, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect hair-like seta. Declivity gradual, smooth, shiny, appearing bisulcate, occupying apical 2/5 of elytra; striae not impressed, striae 1 and 2 parallel, strial punctures much larger and shallower than those of disc; interstriae 2 weakly sulcate, unarmed, punctate; interstriae 1 and 3 weakly costate with six and five minute granules, each granule bearing a long semi-erect hair-like seta. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a weakly serrate acute carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with seven large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. bu = big, soror = sister. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has been recorded from  Astrocaryum urostachys (  Arecaceae ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C9F5EF0AF725382A0DFBC0A710E97C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
9C9A16AA7A28535392B8267EBF420302.text	9C9A16AA7A28535392B8267EBF420302.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus capillisoror Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus capillisoror sp. nov. Figure 3G-I, O </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Brazil: Bahia, Camacan, Serra Bonita Reserve, 15°23.429'S, 39°33.810'W, 700-100 m, 6-14.V.2013, AI Cognato, SM Smith, CAH Flechtmann, #115, ex  Tibouchina , DNA voucher Theo.sp1 (MZUSP). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3 mm (n = 1), 2.88  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire and not produced, declivity interstriae 2 feebly sulcate, declivital interstriae 1- 3 denticulate, denticles on interstriae 1 and 3 small and relatively indistinct, interstriae 1 unarmed on apical quarter, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, stout form, and declivital interstriae and striae densely covered with abundant hair-like setae, setae becoming thicker from base to apex. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. barbicauda ,  C. bettysmithae ,  C. hansen ,  C. schulzi ,  C. subtilis ,  C. trinity ,  C. uhura . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.3 mm, 2.88  × as long as wide. Body light brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, weakly bisinuate on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, weakly bisinuate, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with four projecting serrations, median pair larger. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, subshiny with moderately dense, moderate punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.9  × as long as wide, 1.9  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 2/3, then acutely rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures large, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long fine semi-erect hair-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/2 of elytra, shagreened, subshiny, declivital face feebly sulcate; striae distinctly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-recumbent hair-like seta as long as 3-5 punctures; interstriae flat, sparsely and inconsistently denticulate, denticles uniseriate, spaced by at least six widths of a denticle, denticles absent on apical 1/4 of interstriae 1, interstriae 3 denticles faint, setae dense, uniseriate, long, erect, hair-like at the base and gradually increasing in thickness toward apex, 1.5  × as long as interstriae 1 width, interstriae 1 with an additional row of slightly shorter setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a feeble carina and continuing submarginally to apex Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with eight large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with nine and seven large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. capillosus = hairy soror = sister. In reference to the abundant long setae of the declivity. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Brazil (Bahia).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species was collected from  Tibouchina (  Melastomataceae ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C9A16AA7A28535392B8267EBF420302	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
171B027CE65B59F2B3783AF9289BC936.text	171B027CE65B59F2B3783AF9289BC936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus carumbensis Wood 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus carumbensis Wood, 2007 Figure 3J-L, P </p>
            <p> Coptoborus carumbensis Wood, 2007: 399. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NMNH), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.2 mm, 2.5  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a crenulate carina that continues submarginally to apex, crenulation next to suture larger than other crenulations, declivital interstriae 3 densely denticulate with fewer than ten denticles, and declivital striae 1-3 impressed. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. asperatus . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (  Espírito Santo), Paraguay (San Pedro). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/171B027CE65B59F2B3783AF9289BC936	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
521B4146F6BD54AA8D04F16F25DFFA27.text	521B4146F6BD54AA8D04F16F25DFFA27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus catulus (Blandford 1898)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus catulus (Blandford, 1898) Figure 4A-C, M </p>
            <p> Xyleborus catulus Blandford, 1898: 215. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus catulus (Blandford): Wood and Bright 1992: 663. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus intricatus Schedl, 1948: 274. Synonymy: Wood 1975a: 23. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype  Xyleborus catulus (NHMUK), not examined. Holotype  Xyleborus intricatus Schedl (NHMW), examined. </p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Brazil:  Paraná , Rondon, 23.I.[19]53, F. Plaumann (NHMW, 1). Ecuador: Los  Ríos , Canton La Clementina, Samama Nature Reserve, 01°38.852'S, 79°19.867'W, 381-430 m, 13-15.v.2015, Cognato, Smith, Osborn, Martinez et al., sample EC 30, ex buttressed tree, 30 cm DBH (MSUC, 2; PUCE, 1). Panama:  Panamá Prov., [Parque Nacional  Soberanía ], Pipeline Rd, 9°9.222'N, 79°44.25'W, 65 m, 3.ix.2008, S.M. Smith, A.D. Smith, A.R. Gillogly, PAN 116, [ex.  Malvaceae ] (MSUC, 3). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.8-2.2 mm (mean = 2.1 mm; n = 5), 3.0-3.14  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, interstriae 2 with fewer denticles than interstriae 1 or 3, and posterolateral margin of declivity costate, armed with two denticles. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. amplissimus ,  C. incomptus ,  C. newt ,  C. scully . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (  Paraná *, Santa Catarina), Ecuador* (Los  Ríos ), Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Panama (  Colón ,  Panamá *), Peru (Madre de Dios), Suriname, Venezuela (Barinas,  Mérida ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has only been recorded from  Guazuma ulmifolia (  Malvaceae ) (Wood and Bright 1992) and an unidentified  Malvaceae . Wood (1982) reported collecting specimens from new tunnels in recently cut limbs and boles 5-20 cm in diameter. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The holotype of  X. catulus was not directly examined by the authors. Our concept of the species is based  Blandford’s (1898) description, and a specimen compared to the holotype by S.L. Wood in 1972 with the following locality: Panama, 24.V.[19]49, wood with orchids, mobile 7756 49 7569 (NMNH). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/521B4146F6BD54AA8D04F16F25DFFA27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
3FF830AF261850F09B980D20EF41E845.text	3FF830AF261850F09B980D20EF41E845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus chica Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus chica sp. nov. Figure 4D-F, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Suriname: Sipaliwini, 2.977312°N, 55.38500°W, 200 m, Camp 4 (low), Kasikasima, T. Larsen, 20-25.iii.2012, FIT, SR12-0320-TN1, 2012 CI-RAP survey (NZCS).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm (n = 1), 3.33  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire, declivity interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1 and 3 denticulate and interstriae 2 unarmed, declivital subapical margin armed with three denticles, and declivital interstriae 1 denticles small, 0.5-1  × high as wide. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. papillicauda . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.0 mm, 3.33  × as long as wide. Body, antennae, and legs light brown. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons strongly shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/5; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.3  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 4/5, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/4. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 2.0  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 3/4, then acutely rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, glabrous. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae very shallowly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, glabrous, striae 1 irregular, slightly laterally broadened from base to declivital midpoint and then narrowing towards apex; interstriae flat, interstriae 1 and 3 each with three small denticles, interstriae 2 unarmed, those of interstriae 1 and 3 subequal, 0.5-1  × high as wide, interstriae with a sparse row of erect bristle-like setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a feebly carina armed with three small denticles and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with seven large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with nine and seven large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Spanish, chica = girl. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Suriname.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3FF830AF261850F09B980D20EF41E845	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
DFC5439B807A5FF486AAC6A4250BC64E.text	DFC5439B807A5FF486AAC6A4250BC64E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus coartatus (Sampson 1921) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus coartatus (Sampson, 1921) comb. nov. Figure 4G-I, O </p>
            <p> Xyleborus coartatus Sampson, 1921: 32. </p>
            <p> Theoborus coartatus (Sampson): Wood 1982: 776. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus artecuneolus Schedl, 1939: 14: Synonymy: Wood 1966: 31. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype  Xyleborus coartatus (NHMUK), examined. </p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Ecuador: Los  Ríos Prov., Canton La Clementina, Samama Nature Reserve, 01°38.852'S, 79°19.867'W, 381-430 m, 13-15.v.2015, Cognato, Smith, Osborn, Martinez et al., sample EC 13, ex 4 cm diameter hanging liana (MSUC, 4; PUCE, 1); Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, June 1998, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1810 (ICB, 1). Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, 12°34.9'S, 70°6.04'W, Smith, Hulcr, 26.iv.-2.v.2008, sample Peru 40b, 4 cm twig (MSUC, 3); as previous except: CM2, GPS 12.4492°S, 70.2517°W, Smith, Hulcr, 17-18.v.2008, sample Peru 88c 3 cm diameter branch (MSUC, 7). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.7-2.9 mm (mean = 2.82 mm; n = 5), 2.33-2.55  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margin continuously and smoothly carinate to interstriae 6, extended posteriad and appearing shelf-like, and declivity moderately impressed along interstriae 2. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. ricini . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais), Colombia (Cundinamarca, Tolima, Valle de Cauca), Costa Rica (  Limón , San  José ), Ecuador* (Los  Ríos , Orellana), Mexico (Chiapas), Panama (  Chiriquí ), Peru (Madre de Dios), Trinidad. </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species is known from  Mimosa (  Fabaceae ),  Theobroma cacao , and an unidentified  Theobroma (  Malvaceae ) (Wood and Bright 1992). Wood (1982) reported collecting the species from boles of small trees 8-20 cm in diameter but has been collected in smaller 3-4 cm diameter branches in Ecuador and Peru. It is considered a minor pest of  Theobroma cacao (Wood 2007). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Wood (2007) reports this species as introduced into Africa but published reports were not located. This erroneous record appears to be due to a reference to the species in the description of the African species  Xyleborus ovatus Eggers (1932: 298) in which Eggers compared the form of  X. ovatus to that of the South American species  X. coartatus but did not state that the latter species occurred in Africa. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DFC5439B807A5FF486AAC6A4250BC64E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
530EFAAB85F4560ABDD7F16F9002456E.text	530EFAAB85F4560ABDD7F16F9002456E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus cracens Wood 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus cracens Wood, 2007 Figure 4J-L, P </p>
            <p> Coptoborus cracens Wood, 2007: 400. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (MEFEIS), not examined. Paratype (NMNH), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, January 1994, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 7, sta[tion] 2, Erwin lot #611 (ICB, 1); as previous except: July 1994, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #750 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: July 1995, trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 4, Erwin lot #1094 (ICB, 1); as previous except: trans[ect] 9, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #1113 (MSUC, 1); as previous except: October 1995, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1181 (ICB, 1); as previous except: January 1996, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1411 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: July 1996, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1531 (ICB, 1); as previous except: October 1996, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1671 (MSUC, 1; NMNH, 1); Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, October 1995, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 9, sta[tion] 9, Erwin lot #1259 (ICB, 1); as previous except: February 1999, trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot # 2032 (ICB, 1; NMNH, 2); as previous except: trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 6, Erwin lot #2035 (ICB, 1); as previous except: Yasuni National Park,  Estacíon Científica Yasuní , 00°39.675'S, 76°24.023'W, 11.ii.2018, R. Osborn, EC18-41, ex 6 cm dia. branch (MSUC, 6; PUCE, 1). Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, 12°34.9S, 70°6.04W, Smith, Hulcr, 26.iv.-2.v.2008, sample Peru 52, branch (MSUC, 3). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.8-2.0 mm (mean = 1.86 mm; n = 5), 3.0-3.33  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a smooth continuous carina that continues submarginally to apex, apex produced, declivital interstriae 3 denticles much larger than those of interstriae 1, and interstriae setae with short erect bristle-like setae that are shorter than interstrial width. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. leporinus ,  C. gracilens . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (  Espírito Santo), Ecuador* (Orellana), Peru* (Madre de Dios). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Specimens were collected by canopy fogging as well from the wood of an unidentified branch.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Wood (2007) incorrectly reported the  holotype’s location as MZUSP; the holotype is in MEFEIS. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/530EFAAB85F4560ABDD7F16F9002456E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
A6CC0B4A3BC251368218E5DFCC3B2D13.text	A6CC0B4A3BC251368218E5DFCC3B2D13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus crassisororcula Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus crassisororcula sp. nov. Figure 5A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, 12°34.9S, 70°6.04W, Smith, Hulcr, 26.iv.-27.v.2008, sample Peru 52 (MUSM). Paratypes, female, as holotype (MSUC, 1; MUSM, 1; NHMUK, 1; NMNH, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.8-1.9 mm (mean = 1.86 mm; n = 5), 2.38-2.57  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 granulate only on basal third, declivital interstriae 2 moderately sulcate, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, declivital interstriae distinctly impressed, anterior margin of pronotum with a pair of projecting serrations. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. atlanticus ,  C. incultus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 1.8-1.9 mm (mean = 1.86 mm; n = 5), 2.38-2.57  × as long as wide (holotype 1.8 mm, 2.57  × as long as wide). Body light brown to brown, antennae, and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, weakly convex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, weakly convex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two projecting serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.5-1.6  × as long as wide, 1.6  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 66-72%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, dull; strial punctures moderate, shallow, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, glabrous. Declivity gradual, shagreened, dull, appearing bisulcate, occupying apical 2/5 of elytra; striae not impressed, striae 1 and 2 parallel, strial punctures much larger and shallower than those of disc, glabrous; interstriae impunctate, interstriae 2 moderately sulcate, minutely granulate on basal third, glabrous; interstriae 1 and 3 moderately costate with eight small granules, covered with three confused rows of minute recumbent setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a granulate carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer margin, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven and six large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. crassus = stout, soror = sister, - culus = little. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Madre de Dios).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Collected from wood of an unidentified host.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6CC0B4A3BC251368218E5DFCC3B2D13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
4D8C31F2573E5D93A9AC4D0ECC3A487E.text	4D8C31F2573E5D93A9AC4D0ECC3A487E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus crinitulus (Wood 1974) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus crinitulus (Wood, 1974) comb. nov. Figure 5D-F, N </p>
            <p> Xyleborus crinitulus Wood, 1974: 34. </p>
            <p> Theoborus crinitulus (Wood): Wood 1982: 774. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus crinitulus Wood: Wood and Bright 1992: 721. </p>
            <p> Theoborus crinitulus (Wood): Wood 2007: 389. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NMNH), paratypes (NMNH, 2), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.9-2.5 mm, 2.3-2.5  × as long as wide (Wood 2007; Bright 2019). This species is distinguished by the broadly rounded and entire elytral apex, posterolateral margins of elytra distinctly carinate to interstriae 8, bearing crenulations of equal size along its length, and very stout elytra, 1.3  × as long as wide. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Ambrosiodmus Hopkins, 1915 spp. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Panama (  Panamá ), Saint Lucia, Venezuela (Barinas). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species is only known from  Hirtella triandra (  Chrysobalanaceae ) (Wood 2007). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Wood (2007) reports this species as occurring in Africa however we could not locate further details or published records of this claim. The report from Africa should be considered dubious.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D8C31F2573E5D93A9AC4D0ECC3A487E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
FB800B123BA45B5FAB2239F345F20679.text	FB800B123BA45B5FAB2239F345F20679.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus cuneatus (Eichhoff 1878)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus cuneatus (Eichhoff, 1878) Figure 5G-I, O </p>
            <p> Xyleborus cuneatus Eichhoff, 1878: 380. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus cuneatus (Eichhoff): Wood and Bright 1992: 663. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes (NHMW, 1; examined) and (MIIZ, 1; not examined) (  Węgrzynowicz and Mokrzecki 1996). See remarks. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.1 mm (n = 1), 3.5  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1-3 unarmed, elytral apex deeply emarginate, and declivity steep, occupying less than posterior 40% of declivity. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. exutus ,  C. galacatosae . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Panama (  Panamá ), Peru (  Huánuco ), Venezuela (Barinas). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Eichhoff (1878) described the species from an unspecified number of specimens. Schedl (1979) apparently presumed that the specimen of  X. cuneatus in his collection to be a holotype under the assumption that the species was described from a single specimen. This is not the case, as an additional syntype is in MIIZ along with several other Eichhoff types (  Węgrzynowicz and Mokrzecki 1996; Cognato et al. 2019; Smith et al. 2019b). Both specimens are therefore syntypes. </p>
            <p>The species was described from specimens collected in Varinas [sic, Barinas], Nova Grenada. The species was listed from Colombia (Wood and Bright 1992; Wood 2007) but we were unable to find specimens definitively from this location (Wood 2007). The type specimens were likely collected from Barinas, Venezuela.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB800B123BA45B5FAB2239F345F20679	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
1DF14C05D3205EABA195114167E1636F.text	1DF14C05D3205EABA195114167E1636F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus doliolum Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus doliolum sp. nov. Figure 5J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, February 1999, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 8, Erwin lot #2037 (ICB).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.7 mm (n = 1), 2.43  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the broadly rounded and entire elytral apex, posterolateral margin rounded, anterior margin of pronotum with two projecting serrations, declivital interstrial setae much longer than the combined width of striae 1 and interstriae 1, declivital interstriae flat and all interstriae uniformly armed by denticles along their length. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. erwini ,  C. paurus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 1.7 mm, 2.43  × as long as wide. Body light brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two projecting serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc dull, with moderately dense, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.6  × as long as wide, 1.6  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra rounded, parallel-sided in basal 82%, then broadly rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, subshiny; strial punctures large, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, minutely, moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face convex; striae weakly impressed, strial punctures much larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta half as long as those of interstriae; interstriae flat, uniformly granulate along their entire lengths, granules small, interstriae 1-7 each with a row of long, erect setae much longer than the combined width of striae 1 and interstriae 1; interstriae 1 with a one row of short setae as described for striae on each side of median erect setae. Posterolateral margin rounded. Legs: protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer margin, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with five large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. doliolum = little wine cask. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The holotype was collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1DF14C05D3205EABA195114167E1636F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
D3EBFC9FA6085392B183F8092265672E.text	D3EBFC9FA6085392B183F8092265672E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus erwini Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus erwini sp. nov. Figure 6A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, February 1999, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 5, sta[tion] 7, Erwin lot #2046 (ICB). Paratypes, female, as holotype except: Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, January 1994, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 10, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #632 (ICB, 1); as previous except: January 1996, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #1413 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: October 1996, trans[ect] 1, sta[tion] 7, Erwin lot #1667 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 6, Erwin lot #1716 (ICB, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.4-1.5 mm (mean = 1.45 mm; n = 4), 2.5-3.0  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the broadly rounded and entire elytral apex, posterolateral margin rounded, anterior margin of pronotum without serrations, and declivital interstrial setae about as long as the combined width of striae 1 and interstriae 1. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. doliolum ,  C. paurus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 1.4-1.5 mm (mean = 1.45 mm; n = 4), 2.5-3.0  × as long as wide (holotype 1.4 mm, 2.8  × as long as wide). Body brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel as long as funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0-1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, on basal 2/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.5-1.6  × as long as wide, 1.3  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra round, parallel-sided in basal 75-78%, then broadly rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc shagreened, subshiny; strial punctures large, shallow, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, minutely and moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face convex; striae weakly impressed, strial punctures much larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta half as long as those of interstriae; interstriae flat, uniformly granulate along their entire lengths, granules small, interstriae 1-7 each with a row of long, erect setae as long as the combined width of striae 1 and interstriae 1. Posterolateral margin rounded. Legs: protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer margin, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with nine and eight large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Named after our colleague, the late Dr. Terry Erwin. Without his dedication to canopy fogging, this species and most of those described in this publication may never have been discovered. Noun in genitive.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Specimens were collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3EBFC9FA6085392B183F8092265672E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
C5D0F339EF80542ABAB8775216A6DB57.text	C5D0F339EF80542ABAB8775216A6DB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus exilis (Schedl 1934) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus exilis (Schedl, 1934) comb. nov. Figure 6D-F, N </p>
            <p> Xyleborus exilis Schedl, 1934: 209. </p>
            <p> Coptobrus exilis (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992: 664 (as a synonym of  C. pseudotenuis ) </p>
            <p> Xyleborus exilis Schedl: Bright 2019: 293. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NHMW), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Panama:  Panamá Prov., [Parque Nacional  Soberanía ], Pipeline Rd, 9°7.975'N, 79°43.142'W, 174 m, 13.viii.2008, S.M. Smith, A.D. Smith, A.R. Gillogly, PAN 7, ex  Cecropia (MSUC, 1); as previous except: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado [Island], 12.V.1980, Henk Wolda (UCDC, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3-2.4 mm (mean = 2.35; n = 2), 3.29-3.43  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1 and 3 denticulate and interstriae 2 unarmed, declivital interstriae 3 with two or three enlarged denticles, denticles slightly larger than remaining interstriae 3 denticles, elytral apex deeply emarginate, and declivity gradual, occupying at least posterior 50% of declivity. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. artetenuis ,  C. pseudotenuis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Costa Rica (Puntarenas), Grenada, Panama (  Panamá ), Saint Lucia. </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species is only known from  Cecropia (  Urticaceae ). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The status of  C. exilis has been surrounded by uncertainty for over 40 years. It has been considered a synonym of  C. pseudotenuis (Wood 1982) and a  ‘probable’ synonym of  C. pseudotenuis (Wood 1976; Wood and Bright 1992). Wood (2007) later treated the species as valid and Bright (2019) returned this species to  Xyleborus without discussion. This species belongs in  Coptoborus because it shares the characters outlined in the generic diagnosis. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C5D0F339EF80542ABAB8775216A6DB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
5FE31ECD61445522A0BC54F80159362D.text	5FE31ECD61445522A0BC54F80159362D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus exutus (Wood 1974)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus exutus (Wood, 1974) Figure 6G-I, O </p>
            <p> Xyleborus exutus Wood, 1974: 36. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus exutus (Wood): Wood and Bright 1992: 663. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotyp e (NMNH), examined. </p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.9 mm, 3.0  × as long as wide (Wood 1982). This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1 and 3 denticulate and interstriae 2 unarmed, elytral apex deeply emarginate, and declivity steep, occupying less than posterior 40% of declivity. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. cuneatus ,  C. galacatosae . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Costa Rica (Cartago).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The holotype was collected from a fence post (Wood 1982).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FE31ECD61445522A0BC54F80159362D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
8AFC50C576675B70BD5C3F0B76DA5372.text	8AFC50C576675B70BD5C3F0B76DA5372.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus furiosa Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus furiosa sp. nov. Figure 6J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Ecuador: Los  Ríos Prov., Canton La Clementina, Samama Nature Reserve, 01°38.852'S, 79°19.867'W, 381-430 m, 13-15.v.2015, Cognato, Smith, Osborn, Martinez et al., sample EC 15, ex 7 cm diameter bole from large tree fall (PUCE). Paratypes, female, as holotype (MSUC, 1; PUCE, 1); as holotype except: sample EC 32, ex 3 cm dia. branches of tree fall (NMNH, 1: PUCE, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.1-2.2 mm (mean = 2.12 mm; n = 5), 3-3.14  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a crenulate carina that continues submarginally to apex, declivital interstriae 3 densely denticulate with more than ten denticles, and elytral apices sharply acute. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. inornatus ,  C. janeway ,  C. martinezae ,  C. tolimanus ,  C. vasquez . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 2.1-2.2 mm (mean = 2.12 mm; n = 5), 3.0-3.14  × as long as wide (holotype 2.1 mm, 3.0  × as long as wide). Body brown, elytra darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, convex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.1  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.9  × as long as wide, 1.6  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 62%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex acutely produced, strongly emarginate. Disc smooth, strongly shiny; strial punctures large, deep, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect seta. Declivity gradual, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shining, declivital face convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, interstriae denticulate along their entire lengths, interstriae 3 very densely denticulate, denticles separated by no more than the width of two denticles and with at least ten denticles, interstrial setae erect, bristle-like, uniseriate, interstriae 1 with an additional row of slightly shorter erect hair-like setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming an acutely denticulate carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with five large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with six and seven large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Charlize Theron, Imperator Furiosa is the heroine in the movie 'Mad Max: Fury  Road’ (2015). The  “spiny” elytra give the species a fierce appearance. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Ecuador (Los  Ríos ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>This species was found in a bole and branches of an unidentified tree 3-7 cm in diameter.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8AFC50C576675B70BD5C3F0B76DA5372	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
E4AC6AE2E8F05F0CBF4C02D954430576.text	E4AC6AE2E8F05F0CBF4C02D954430576.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus galacatosae Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus galacatosae sp. nov. Figure 7A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Ecuador: Orellana Prov., Parque Nacional  Yasuní ranger station, Tiputini, 11.vi.1996, A.I. Cognato, ex  “Wabba” (MSUC). Paratypes, female, as holotype (MSUC, 1; NMNH, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.75 mm (mean = 1.75 mm; n = 2), 2.92  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1 and 3 denticulate and interstriae 2 unarmed, elytral apex weakly emarginate, declivital striae 2 shallowly impressed. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. cuneatus ,  C. exutus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 1.75 mm (mean = 1.75 mm; n = 2), 2.92  × as long as wide (holotype 1.75 mm, 2.92  × as long as wide). Body, antennae, and legs light brown. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, shorter than club. Pedicel as long as funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 4/5, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view uniformly rounded without a clear summit, type 1. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.67  × as long as wide, 1.7  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 70%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae 2 very shallowly impressed, strial punctures larger than those of disc, glabrous, striae 1 parallel to suture; interstriae flat, interstriae 1 with two small denticles, interstriae 2 unarmed, interstriae 3 with three minute denticles, interstriae with a sparse row of erect bristle-like setae. Posterolateral margin with a poorly defined carina extending to interstriae 9 and composed of a few granules. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>In gratitude of Dr. Katerina Galacatos who commanded several ichthyological and entomological expeditions to the remote reaches of the Yasuni River which provided AIC with his first Amazonian collecting trip. Noun in genitive.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> The type series was directly excised from wood of  “Wabba” . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4AC6AE2E8F05F0CBF4C02D954430576	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
44B4FA72D4F655E98ACBC2A5D0258D69.text	44B4FA72D4F655E98ACBC2A5D0258D69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus gentilis (Schedl 1972)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus gentilis (Schedl, 1972) Figure 7D-F, N </p>
            <p> Xyleborus gentilis Schedl, 1972: 70. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus gentilis (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992: 663. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype  Xyleborus gentilis (NHMW), examined. </p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3 mm (n = 1), 2.88  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate, entire and produced, apical projection the width of striae 2, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, denticles distinct, their height equal to interstriae width, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, and stout form. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. brevicauda . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44B4FA72D4F655E98ACBC2A5D0258D69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
ED81CC936770550080D4150EBBBFA8B0.text	ED81CC936770550080D4150EBBBFA8B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus gracilens Wood 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus gracilens Wood, 2007 Figure 7G-I, O </p>
            <p> Coptoborus gracilens Wood, 2007: 401. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (MEFEIS), not examined. Paratypes (NMNH, 2), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Brazil:  Pará ,  Belém , Utinga, III-27-28, 1970, JM &amp; BA Campbell (CNCI, 1). Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, October 1996, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 3, sta[tion] 7, Erwin lot #91687 (ICB, 1). French Guiana: Crique Alma Maripasoula, 2°14'2.47"N, 54°27'0.19W, 12-20-VIII-2015, FIT with blue LED, E Poirier, P-H Dalens, F. Robin, Expedition "Our Planet Reviewed" Mitarka French Guiana 2015, MNHN/PNI &amp; SEAG APA 973-1 (MSUC, 4). Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., CICRA Fld Stn., trail 6, research plot, 12.55207°S, 70.10962°W, 295 m, 11-13.VI.2011, Chaboo team, flight intercept trap PER-11-FIT-021 (SEMC, 1); as previous except: PER-11-FIT-027 (SEMC, 1); as previous except: PER-11-FIT-025 (SEMC, 13); as previous except: Los Amigos Biological Station, 12°34.9S, 70°6.04W, Smith, Hulcr, 26.iv.-2.v.2008, sample Peru 57, 7 cm diameter branch (MSUC, 4; MUSM, 1; NMNH, 3; NHMUK, 3; as previous except 3-9.v.2008, ex  Cecropia 4 (MSUC, 2). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.4-2.5 mm, 3.13-3.57  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a smooth continuous carina that continues submarginally to apex, apex produced, declivital interstriae 1 and 3 denticles subequal, and interstriae with long, erect hair-like setae at least twice as wide as interstrial width. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. cracens ,  C. leporinus . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (  Espírito Santo,  Pará ), Ecuador* (Orellana), French Guiana*, Peru* (Madre de Dios). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has been collected from  Cecropia (  Urticaceae ). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Wood (2007) incorrectly reported the  holotype’s location as MZUSP. The holotype is in MEFEIS. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED81CC936770550080D4150EBBBFA8B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
96A4A41184A15250B2716338DE71AFB9.text	96A4A41184A15250B2716338DE71AFB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus hansen Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus hansen sp. nov. Figure 7J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Brazil: Bahia, Camacan, Serra Bonita Reserve, 15°23.429'S, 39°33.810'W, 700-100 m, 6-14.V.2013, AI Cognato, SM Smith, CAH Flechtmann (MZUSP).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3 mm (n = 1), 2.6  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire and not produced, declivity interstriae 2 feebly sulcate, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, denticles on interstriae 1 and 3 small and relatively indistinct, interstriae 1 unarmed on apical half, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, stout form, and declivital interstriae and striae densely covered with abundant hair-like setae, setae uniformly fine from base to apex. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. barbicauda ,  C. bettysmithae ,  C. capillisoror ,  C. schulzi ,  C. subtilis ,  C. trinity ,  C. uhura . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.3 mm, 2.6  × as long as wide. Body light brown, elytra darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two projecting serrations. In lateral view uniformly rounded without a clear summit, type 1. Anterior slope with densely spaced, narrow coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc dull with dense, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.4  × as long as wide, 1.4  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 62%, then acutely rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures moderate, deep, each bearing a semi-erect hair-like seta the length of two punctures; interstriae flat, minutely, densely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/2 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face feebly sulcate; striae weakly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-recumbent hair-like seta as long as 3-5 punctures; interstriae flat, sparsely and inconsistently denticulate, denticles uniseriate, spaced by at least six widths of a denticle, apical half of interstriae 1 without denticles, interstriae 3 denticles faint, setae dense, long, erect, hair-like, 2-3  × as long as interstriae 1 width and uniform in thickness from base to apex, interstriae 1 with two additional rows of slightly shorter setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina, and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with eight large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with nine and eight large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Jeri Ryan, Annika Hansen (Seven of Nine as a Borg drone) is a heroine in the 'Star Trek:  Voyager’ (1995-2001) and 'Star Trek:  Picard’ (2020) television series. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Brazil (Bahia).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/96A4A41184A15250B2716338DE71AFB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
16C83EC5647E5FF09F72EC256DB4FFB0.text	16C83EC5647E5FF09F72EC256DB4FFB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus Hopkins 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus Hopkins, 1915</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Xyleborus vespatorius Schedl, 1931; original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Coptoborus is distinguished from all other  Xyleborini genera by the following combination of characters: antennal funicle four-segmented, antennal club type 3, 4 or 2 (typically type 3) with two (rarely three) arcuate sutures visible on the posterior face, club round or longer than wide, posterior face of the protibiae flat and unarmed, both elytral discal striae and interstriae uniseriate punctate, anterior margin of pronotum typically weakly produced with a row of serrations, pronotal disc alutaceous, procoxae contiguous, scutellum small, flush with elytral surface and mycangial tufts absent. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus is very similar to  Euwallacea Hopkins, 1915, and like  Euwallacea , is diagnosed by a combination of homoplastic characters (Smith et al. 2019a, 2020). Both genera have the posterior face of the antennal club with 2 or 3 arcuate sutures near the apex.  Euwallacea species typically have a subquadrate or quadrate pronotum (types 3, 4, 8) but some species do have rounded anterior margins like  Coptoborus (types 2, 7). All  Coptoborus have rounded anterior margins of the pronotum (types 7, 2, 1 or 9) (except  C. obtusicornis (type b) which is conspicuously elongate and acuminate frontally), and most have the median area of the pronotum weakly produced and bearing a row of serrations, usually 2-6.  Euwallacea species with rounded anterior margins of the pronotum always lack serrations, have semi-circular protibiae with evenly rounded outer edge (except obliquely triangular in  E. luctuosus (Eggers, 1939)) and a posterolateral costa that extends to at interstriae 7 (except inconspicuous, short in  E. luctuous ). </p>
            <p>Revised description.</p>
            <p> Female. Length 1.4-3.6 mm and 2.1-4.3  × as long as wide. Body nearly glabrous to densely setose; color variable, light to dark brown, red brown to nearly black; legs and antennae yellow brown to red brown. Appearing very stout to slender, elytra rather variable, appearing round, attenuate, or acuminate. Mycangial tufts absent. </p>
            <p> Head: Epistoma entire, transverse, lined with a row of hair-like setae. Frons slightly convex from epistoma to upper level of eyes; surface shagreened, dull, reticulate; punctures small, fine, shallow. Eyes broadly or narrowly emarginate above level of antennal insertion, upper portion of eyes smaller than lower part. Submentum slightly or deeply impressed below genae, narrowly or broadly triangular. Scape short and thick or long and thick, about as long as club. Antennal funicle four-segmented, segments equal in size. Pedicle shorter than funicle or as long as funicle. Club variable, either obliquely truncate, type 2, approximately circular, segment 1 corneous, transverse or weakly convex on anterior face, nearly covering all of posterior face; segment 2 slightly procurved, corneous, visible on anterior and posterior faces of club or club flattened, types 3 or 4 (rarely obliquely truncate and type 2), approximately circular or longer than wide, segment 1 corneous, transverse or sinuate on anterior face, with segments 1, 2, and rarely 3 visible on posterior face. Pronotum: 0.8-1.75  × as long as wide. Pronotum from lateral view typically elongate with disc as long or slightly longer than anterior slope (type 7), taller than basic (type 2), or round (type 1), rarely basic (type 0) or elongate with disc much longer than anterior slope (type 8). In dorsal view typically rounded frontally and long (type 7), basic and parallel-sided (type 2), rarely rounded (type 1) or rounded frontally and very long (type 9) or conspicuously elongate and angulate frontally (type b), anterior margin of pronotum typically weakly produced with a row of 2-6 serrations. Surface alutaceous, anterior slope finely asperate, asperities close, arranged in concentric rings from midpoint of pronotum to anterior and anterolateral areas; disc finely and evenly punctate. Lateral margins variable, obliquely costate, carinate on basal third or along entire length. Posterior angles acutely rounded. Base transverse. Elytra: 1.2-2.5  × as long as wide. Elytral base transverse, margin oblique; humeral angles rounded. Scutellum small to minute, triangular or linguiform, flat, flush with elytra. Elytral shape quite variable, sides straight between basal 42-88%. Disc convex, longer than declivity, rarely as long as declivity. Disc smooth, shiny, finely punctate; striae not impressed, interstrial punctures seriate, or confused (rare). Declivity variable. Posterolateral margin of declivity typically with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, but may also be costa, or carinate from suture to interstriae 2, 7, or 8. Legs: Procoxae contiguous. Protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical third, or distinctly triangular, or with evenly rounded outer margin, posterior face flat, unarmed; 5-8 denticles present on outer margin. Meso- and metatibiae obliquely triangular, flattened, posterior face unarmed with 6-12 and 6-11 denticles, respectively. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/16C83EC5647E5FF09F72EC256DB4FFB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
8044122615BB5A28A8B85F4BED8716BD.text	8044122615BB5A28A8B85F4BED8716BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus incomptus Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus incomptus sp. nov. Figure 8A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, 12°34.9S, 70°6.04W, Smith, Hulcr, 26.iv.-2.v.2008, sample Peru 2, branch (MUSM). Paratypes, female, as holotype except: sample 50a, 9 cm diameter trunk (MUSM); as previous except: CM2, 12.4492°S, 70.2517°W, Smith, Hulcr, 17-18.v.2008, sample Peru 76, 3 cm diameter twig (MSUC, 1; NMNH, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.7-1.9 mm (mean = 1.8 mm; n = 4), 2.83-3.17  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, interstriae 2 with many fewer denticles than interstriae 1 or 3, declivital striae weakly impressed, antennal club obliquely truncate, type 2, segment 1 occupying basal 1/2, and posterolateral margin of declivity costate, armed with two large denticles. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. amplissimus ,  C. catulus ,  C. newt ,  C. scully . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 1.7-1.9 mm (mean = 1.8 mm; n = 4), 2.83-3.17  × as long as wide (holotype 1.7 mm, 2.83  × as long as wide). Body light brown, elytra darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, obliquely truncate, type 2; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~2/5; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.1-1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 4/5, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 2/3. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.8-1.9  × as long as wide, 1.8  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 82-83%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect seta (typically abraded). Declivity steeply rounded, occupying ~1/4 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae distinctly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, glabrous, striae 1 irregular, slightly laterally broadened from base to declivital midpoint and then narrowing towards apex; interstriae flat, interstriae 1 and 3 each with three large denticles, interstriae 2 with two denticles, one at summit and one near apex, those of interstriae 1 and 3 subequal, much larger than those of interstriae 2, interstriae with a sparse row of erect bristle-like setae. Posterolateral margin costate, armed with two large denticles. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with eight and seven large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. incomptus = unadorned. In reference to the sparsely granulate declivity. Adjective.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Madre de Dios).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The species has been collected from twigs and a trunk of an unknown tree 3-9 cm diameter.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8044122615BB5A28A8B85F4BED8716BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
60B9B57D31D552C8ABC813ABF5E149A8.text	60B9B57D31D552C8ABC813ABF5E149A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus incultus (Wood 1975) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus incultus (Wood, 1975) comb. nov. Figure 8D-F, N </p>
            <p> Xyleborus incultus Wood, 1975b: 400. </p>
            <p> Theoborus incultus (Wood): Wood 1982: 773. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NMNH), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3 mm, 2.6  × as long as wide (Wood 1975b). This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 granulate only on basal third, declivital interstriae 2 strongly impressed, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, declivital interstriae distinctly impressed, anterior margin of pronotum with a pair of projecting serrations. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. atlanticus ,  C. crassisororcula . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Mexico (Campeche), Panama (  Panamá ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species is only known from a  Cecropia (  Urticaceae ) branch (Wood and Bright 1992). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/60B9B57D31D552C8ABC813ABF5E149A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
F870FC3AA9305955AF3685BD485BFBF6.text	F870FC3AA9305955AF3685BD485BFBF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus inornatus Wood 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus inornatus Wood, 2007 Figure 8G-I, O </p>
            <p> Coptoborus inornatus Wood, 2007: 399. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (MEFEIS), not examined. Paratype (NMNH), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.8 mm, 2.8  × as long as wide (Wood 2007). This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a crenulate carina that continues submarginally to apex, declivital interstriae 3 with fewer than ten denticles, elytral apices acute, declivital striae not impressed, elytral apex crenulations large and coarse, declivital slope steep, occupying 50% of elytra. It is most similar to  C. tolimanus but has stouter elytra, 1.6  × as long as wide vs. 1.7-2.0  × as long as wide, and smaller size, 1.8 mm vs. 2.0-2.2 mm. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. furiosa ,  C. janeway ,  C. martinezae ,  C. tolimanus ,  C. vasquez . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (  Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Wood (2007) incorrectly reported the  holotype’s location as MZUSP; the holotype is in MEFEIS. We examined the species description and images of a paratype but were unable to examine the holotype. Specimens of the type series do not share the same collecting event or locality. The holotype was collected from Mato Grosso, Brazil and the ten paratypes were collected in  Espírito Santo, Brazil. The measurements of this species overlap almost entirely with those of  C. tolimanus except in the elytral length width ratio, 1.6  × as long as wide vs. 1.7-2.0  × as long as wide. The body size is also likely identical given that  Wood’s measurements were found to be 0.2 mm short (see methods). The slope of the elytra and elytral sculpturing is also identical. This species is almost certainly a synonym of  C. tolimanus but the holotype should be examined to ensure that its morphology is congruent with that of the paratypes before it is formally synonymized. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F870FC3AA9305955AF3685BD485BFBF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
8C08E883E5E756E19190BCA306709056.text	8C08E883E5E756E19190BCA306709056.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus janeway Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus janeway sp. nov. Figure 8J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, CM2, GPS 12.4492°S, 70.2517°W, Smith, Hulcr, 17-18.v.2008, sample Peru 83b 8 cm diameter branch (MUSM). Paratypes, female, as holotype (MSUC, 1); as holotype except: sample Peru 96c 1 cm diameter branch (MSUC, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm (mean = 2.0 mm; n = 3), 2.86  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a crenulate carina that continues submarginally to apex, declivital interstriae 3 with fewer than ten denticles, elytral apices obtuse, declivital striae not impressed, elytral apex crenulations small and fine, and declivital slope gradual, occupying 57% of elytral length. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. furiosa ,  C. inornatus ,  C. martinezae ,  C. tolimanus ,  C. vasquez . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.0 mm, 2.86  × as long as wide. Body light brown, elytra darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, obliquely truncate, type 2; segment 1 corneous, convex on anterior face, occupying basal ~2/5; segment 2 narrow, convex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.1  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 2/3. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with moderately dense, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.7  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 63%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, glabrous. Declivity gradual, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, interstriae densely denticulate along their entire lengths, separated by at least the width of four denticles, interstrial setae erect, thick, bristle-like, uniseriate, interstriae 1 with two additional rows of shorter erect hair-like setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a minutely denticulate carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 2/3 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with eight and seven large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Kate Mulgrew, Captain Kathryn Janeway is the heroine in the television series 'Star Trek:  Voyager’ (1995-2001). Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Madre de Dios).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The species has been collected from branches and twigs of unidentified trees 1-8 cm in diameter.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C08E883E5E756E19190BCA306709056	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
55B55612E1F950EBA301AE5F994C9772.text	55B55612E1F950EBA301AE5F994C9772.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus katniss Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus katniss sp. nov. Figure 9A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Ecuador: [  Sucumbíos Prov.], Limoncocha, 0°23'S, 76°38"W, 300 m, 31.iii.1974, H.P. Stockwell (TAMU). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.7 mm (n = 1), 2.7  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex strongly acuminate, declivital interstriae unarmed along its entire length, antennal club with two sutures on posterior face, elytral discal interstriae impunctate, declivity nearly devoid of granules except for interstriae 1 and 3 on acuminate projection, and declivity with a carina extending from apex to interstriae 2. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. attenuatus ,  C. bellus ,  C. sagitticauda ,  C. sarahconnor ,  C. sicula ,  C. yar . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.7 mm, 2.7  × as long as wide. Body uniformly brown. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Antennal scape regularly thick, as long as club. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~2/5; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with four projecting serrations, median pair larger. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins entirely carinate. Elytra: 1.5  × as long as wide, 1.25  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 2/3, then acutely narrowed to acuminate apex. Disc shagreened, shiny; strial punctures minute, each bearing a recumbent hair-like seta the length of three punctures; interstriae flat, impunctate, unarmed, glabrous. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, shagreened, dull, declivital face weakly convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a recumbent hair-like seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, nearly devoid of granules except for interstriae 1 and 3 on acuminate projection, interstriae with a row of short erect hair-like setae. Posterolateral margin with a very short carina extending from apex to interstriae 2. Legs: protibiae distinctly triangular, broadest at apical 1/5; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence, Katniss Everdeen is a heroine in the 'The Hunger  Games’ movie franchise (2008-2010). The apex of the elytra declivity of this species is shaped like an arrowhead,  Katniss’ weapon of choice. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Ecuador (  Sucumbíos ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/55B55612E1F950EBA301AE5F994C9772	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
4FA0728D15FD5BAD94CEACB28B77F1F4.text	4FA0728D15FD5BAD94CEACB28B77F1F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus leeloo Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus leeloo sp. nov. Figure 9D-F, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, January1996, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1411 (ICB). Paratypes, female, as holotype (ICB, 1); as holotype except: Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, June 1998, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 2, Erwin lot #1851 (ICB, 1; NMNH, 2).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.6-1.7 mm (mean = 1.65 mm; n = 4), 2.67-2.83  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivity distinctly sulcate along interstriae 2, declivital interstriae 2 unarmed, interstriae 1 and 3 armed, declivital striae 1 and 2 not parallel on declivital face, nearly converging in sulcate area, and minute size. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. busoror ,  C. nudulus ,  C. ochromactonus ,  C. pilisoror ,  C. ripley ,  C. sororcula ,  C. spicatus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 1.6-1.7 mm (mean = 1.65 mm; n = 4), 2.67-2.83  × as long as wide (holotype 1.6 mm, 2.67  × as long as wide). Body light brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape long and slender, shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/5, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two projecting serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins carinate on basal third. Elytra: 1.5-1.7  × as long as wide, 1.3  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 67-70%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth shiny; strial punctures moderate, shallow, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture. Declivity gradual, smooth, shiny, appearing bisulcate, occupying apical 2/5 of elytra; striae not impressed, striae 1 and 2 nearly converging in sulcate area, strial punctures much larger and shallower than those of disc; interstriae impunctate, interstriae 2 moderately sulcate, unarmed; interstriae 1 and 3 strongly costate with eight small granules, each puncture bearing a short recumbent seta. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a costa and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven and six moderately sized socketed denticles, respectively, their length as large as basal width. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Milla Jovovich, Leeloo is the heroine in the movie 'The Fifth  Element’ (1997). Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Specimens were collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4FA0728D15FD5BAD94CEACB28B77F1F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
A308E71D81B55045A944C15C7415889E.text	A308E71D81B55045A944C15C7415889E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus leia Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus leia sp. nov. Figure 9G-I, O </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, June 1998, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 10, sta[tion] 4, Erwin lot #1893 (ICB). Paratype, female, Suriname: Sipaliwini, 2.977312°N, 55.38500°W, 200 m, Camp 4 (low), Kasikasima, T. Larsen, 20-25.iii.2012, FIT, SR12-0320-TN1, 2012 CI-RAP survey (NZCS, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm (mean = 2.0 mm; n = 2), 2.2  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margin continuously and smoothly carinate to striae 6 and not extended posteriad, declivital interstrial setae fine hair-like, shorter than the width of interstriae 2 and moderately covering declivity, declivital interstriae minutely granulate, and declivital striae 1 and 2 feebly impressed. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. brigman ,  C. tristiculus ,  Euwallacea perbrevis . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.0 mm, 2.2  × as long as wide. Body light brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons strongly shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 4; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/5; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 0.9  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 5/7, rounded anteriorly, abundantly covered with long hair-like setae; anterior margin with four projecting serrations, median pair larger than lateral pair. In lateral view uniformly rounded without a clear summit, type 1. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.3  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra round, parallel-sided in basal 83%, then broadly rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures large, deep, each bearing a recumbent hair-like seta the length of two punctures; interstriae flat, minutely, moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face flattened; striae 1 and 2 feebly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, uniformly minutely granulate along their entire lengths, setae fine, hair-like, shorter than the width of interstriae 2. Posterolateral margin continuously and smoothly carinate to striae 6. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with eight large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with ten and eight large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Carrie Fisher, Princess Leia Organa is the heroine in the 'Star  Wars’ movies IV-IX (1977-2019). The species is setose and round like the  character’s bun-styled hair. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana), Suriname.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The holotype was collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A308E71D81B55045A944C15C7415889E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
8E88B800EA6B55A2A68D83182BC43539.text	8E88B800EA6B55A2A68D83182BC43539.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus leporinus Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus leporinus sp. nov. Figure 9J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, CM2, 12.4492°S, 70.2517°W, Smith, Hulcr, 17-18.v.2008, sample Peru 76, 3 cm diameter twig (MUSM).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.35 mm (n = 1), 3.36  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a smooth continuous carina that continues submarginally to apex, apex produced, declivital interstriae 3 denticles much larger than those of interstriae 1, and interstriae with short erect bristle-like setae that are at least twice as wide as interstrial width. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. cracens ,  C. gracilis . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.35 mm, 3.36  × as long as wide. Body light brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, subconvex on anterior face, occupying basal 1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.3  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 2.1  × as long as wide, 1.6  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 62%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex strongly emarginate and apically produced. Disc smooth, shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, glabrous. Declivity gradual, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face convex; striae distinctly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-recumbent seta as long as two punctures; interstriae 2 weakly sulcate, interstriae 1 and 3 each with three and five denticles, respectively, those on interstriae 3 the largest, interstriae 2 with three minute denticles on basal third, interstrial setae erect, thick, bristle-like, uniseriate. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a granulate carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven and six large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. leporinus = of hares. In reference to the appearance of rabbit ears when the elytral apex is viewed from a dorsal profile. Adjective.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Madre de Dios).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>This species has been collected from a 3 cm diameter twig of an unidentified tree.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E88B800EA6B55A2A68D83182BC43539	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
2D05E522AFCA54D2A57039FB07C7DC81.text	2D05E522AFCA54D2A57039FB07C7DC81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus magnus (Petrov 2020) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus magnus (Petrov, 2020) comb. nov. Figure 10A-C, M </p>
            <p> Theoborus magnus Petrov 2020: 408. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (ZMMU), examined.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 3.1 mm (mean = 3.1 mm; n = 2), 2.17  × as long as wide (Petrov 2020). This species is distinguished by the elytra attenuate, apex entire, elytra excavated between interstriae 3 and much more strongly impressed on basal half, anterior margin of pronotum with a pair of projecting serrations, disc occupying 80% of elytral length, and large size, 3.1 mm, and stout form, 2.17  × as long as wide. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. amazonicus . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Loreto).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D05E522AFCA54D2A57039FB07C7DC81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
BE02C72176B55ED7A0094B5BF7B7D57A.text	BE02C72176B55ED7A0094B5BF7B7D57A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus martinezae Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus martinezae sp. nov. Figure 10D-F, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Ecuador: Los  Ríos , Canton La Clementina, Samama Nature Reserve, 01°38.852'S, 79°19.867'W, 381-430 m, 13-15.v.2015, Cognato, Smith, Osborn, Martinez et al., sample EC 30, ex buttressed tree, 30 cm DBH (PUCE). Paratypes, female, as holotype (MSUC, 1; PUCE, 1); as holotype except: EC 14 (MSUC, 12; NHMUK, 5; NMNH, 5; PUCE, 5); as holotype except: EC 13, ex 4 cm diameter hanging liana (MSUC, 6; NMNH, 5; NHMUK, 5; PUCE, 5); as holotype except: EC 15, ex 7 cm diameter branch from large tree fall (MSUC, 6; NHMH, 3; PUCE, 3); as holotype except: EC 25, ex 2 cm diameter branches along trail (MSUC, 1; PUCE, 1); as holotype except: EC 32, ex 3 cm diameter branches at tree fall (MSUC, 2; PUCE, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0-2.1 mm (mean = 2.04 mm; n = 5), 3.0-3.5  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a smooth continuous carina that continues submarginally to apex, and apex not produced. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. furiosa ,  C. inornatus ,  C. janeway ,  C. tolimanus ,  C. vasquez . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 2.0-2.1 mm (mean = 2.04 mm; n = 5), 3.0-3.5  × as long as wide (holotype 2.0 mm, 3.33  × as long as wide). Body light brown, elytra darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, obliquely truncate, type 2; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~2/5; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.1-1.3  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc as long as anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 2.0-2.2  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 64-69%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex strongly emarginate. Disc smooth, shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect seta. Declivity gradual, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a recumbent seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, interstriae sparsely denticulate along their entire lengths, interstriae 1 and 3 much larger than those of interstriae 2, interstrial setae erect, thick, bristle-like, uniseriate. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a granulate carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> In recognition of Dr. Malena  Martinez’s collaboration in the study of xyleborines and their symbiotic fungi. Noun in genitive. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Ecuador (Los  Ríos ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The species was found in 2-30 cm diameter branches of unidentified trees.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE02C72176B55ED7A0094B5BF7B7D57A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
CF21427B76425239B7A346FBB2009E89.text	CF21427B76425239B7A346FBB2009E89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus micarius (Wood 1974) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus micarius (Wood, 1974) comb. nov. Figure 10G-I, O </p>
            <p> Xyleborus micarius Wood, 1974: 33. </p>
            <p> Theoborus micarius (Wood): Wood 1982: 774. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NMNH), paratypes (NMNH, 3), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Panama:  Chiriquí , Fortuna, 8°24.840'N, 82°14.562'W, 1150 m, SM Smith, AD Smith, AR Gillogly, 29.viii.2008, PAN102 (MSUC, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0-2.4 mm, 2.67-2.86  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margin distinctly carinate to striae 6, carina unequally serrate and appearing broken, serrations on interstriae 1 and 2 with acute apices that are less than 2  × the size of other serrations. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. pristis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Costa Rica (Cartago), Panama* (  Chiriquí ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species is only known from  Cordia (  Cordiaceae ) (Wood and Bright 1992). Wood (1982) noted that the species was collected attacking branches 5-7 cm in diameter. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF21427B76425239B7A346FBB2009E89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
1862D9B26F4A569BB919DE42D1E7F8AD.text	1862D9B26F4A569BB919DE42D1E7F8AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus murinus Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus murinus sp. nov. Figure 10J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, June 1998, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 5, sta[tion] 4, Erwin lot #1843 (ICB).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.2 mm (n = 1), 2.44  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margin feebly carinate to striae 6, primarily visible between suture and striae 2, unequally serrate and appearing broken, declivity gradual, occupying posterior half of elytra, and declivital interstrial setae twice as long as interstriae 1 width. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. osbornae . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.2 mm, 2.44  × as long as wide. Body brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons strongly shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, subconvex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, subconvex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view uniformly rounded without a clear summit, type 1. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc smooth, strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.4  × as long as wide, 1.4  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra round, parallel-sided in basal 69%, then broadly rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc subshiny; strial punctures large, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of two punctures; interstriae flat, minutely, moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/2 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae 1 and 2 feebly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a recumbent seta as long as two punctures; interstriae weakly convex, uniformly denticulate along their entire lengths, setae thick, erect, bristle-like, twice as long as interstriae 1 width. Posterolateral margin feebly carinate to striae 6, primarily visible between suture and striae 2, unequally serrate. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with seven large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with nine and eight large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. murinus = of mice. In reference to the species hairy globular appearance. Adjective.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The holotype was collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1862D9B26F4A569BB919DE42D1E7F8AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
F2C72EF44E535D8AAC6DA02E0A7A168E.text	F2C72EF44E535D8AAC6DA02E0A7A168E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus newt Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus newt sp. nov. Figure 11A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, CM2, GPS 12.4492°S, 70.2517°W, Smith, Hulcr, 17-18.v.2008, sample Peru 96c 9.1 cm diameter branch (MUSM). Paratypes, female, as holotype (MSUC, 1; MUSM, 1; NHMUK, 1; NMNH, 1); Loreto Pr., nr. jct. Rio Maranon &amp; Ucayali, 4.8°S, 73.5°W, 6-20-VIII-1994, P. Skelley, flight trap (FSCA, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.7 mm (mean = 1.7 mm; n = 4), 2.83  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate along entire length, denticles as numerous but smaller than those of interstriae 1, posterolateral margin of declivity costate, armed with two large denticles, and declivital slope gradual. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. amplissimus ,  C. catulus ,  C. incomptus ,  C. scully . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 1.7 mm (mean = 1.7 mm; n = 4), 2.83  × as long as wide (holotype 1.7 mm, 2.83  × as long as wide). Body light brown, elytra darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons strongly shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 5/7. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.8  × as long as wide, 1.8  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 73%, then acutely rounded to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-recumbent seta as long as two punctures, striae 1 parallel to suture; interstriae flat, interstriae 1 and 3 each with 4-5 and 5-7 respectively, subequal, uniformly spaced small denticles, interstriae 2 with a row of minute denticles, denticles on interstriae 2 much smaller than those of interstriae 1 or 3, interstrial setae moderately dense thick erect bristle-like, interstriae 1 with an additional sparse row of slightly shorter setae. Posterolateral margin of declivity costate, armed with two large denticles. Legs: protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer margin, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with seven large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Carrie Henn, Newt (Rebecca Jordan) is the sole survivor of the Xenomorph infestation of the colony on LV-426 in  ‘Aliens’ (1986). Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Loreto, Madre de Dios).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The species was collected from a 9.1 cm diameter branch of an unidentified tree.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2C72EF44E535D8AAC6DA02E0A7A168E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
90DE82CFA1195B168F39514B76B9388E.text	90DE82CFA1195B168F39514B76B9388E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus nudulus Wood 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus nudulus Wood, 2007 Figure 11D-F, N </p>
            <p> Coptoborus nudulus Wood, 2007: 394. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (MEFEIS), not examined. Paratype (NMNH).</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, October 1995, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1181 (ICB, 1; NMNH, 1); as previous except: sta[tion] 4, Erwin lot #1184 (ICB, 1; NMNH, 1); as previous except: trans[ect] 9, sta[tion] 10, Erwin lot #1260 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: January 1996, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1411 (ICB, 1; NMNH, 1); as previous except: October 1995, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1181; as previous except: October 1996, Erwin lot #1671 (ICB, 1; NMNH, 1); Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, June 1998, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 2, Erwin lot #1851 (NMNH, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3-2.4 mm (mean = 2.34 mm; n = 5), 2.56-2.67  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivity strongly sulcate along interstriae 2, declivital interstriae 1-3 unarmed, declivity glabrous, declivital interstriae 3 clearly elevated and costate, and declivity smooth, shiny. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. busoror ,  C. leeloo ,  C. ochromactonus ,  C. pilisoror ,  C. ripley ,  C. sororcula ,  C. spicatus . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Brazil (Mato Grosso), Ecuador* (Orellana), Peru (Loreto).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Specimens were collected by canopy fogging.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Wood (2007) incorrectly reported the  holotype’s location as MZUSP. The holotype is in MEFEIS. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/90DE82CFA1195B168F39514B76B9388E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
7AB1503332C35F75BFC6E841232CCD5B.text	7AB1503332C35F75BFC6E841232CCD5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus obtusicornis (Schedl 1976) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus obtusicornis (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov. Figure 11G-I, O </p>
            <p> Sampsonius obtusicornis Schedl, 1976: 78. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NHMW), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Ecuador: Fco. Orellana P.N.  Yasuní , 00°40'32"S, 76°21'19"W, 250 m, 19 Feb 2005, I.  Rodríguez (PUCE, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 3.0-3.4 mm (mean = 3.22 mm; n = 5), 3.78-4.29  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytra attenuate, apex emarginate, elytra deeply excavated between interstriae 3, excavated area bearing granules or small denticles and anterior margin of pronotum with a pair of projecting serrations. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. vespatorius . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (  Maranhão , Mato Grosso,  Paraná ,  São Paulo), Costa Rica (Heredia), Ecuador* (Orellana), Peru (  Huánuco ,  Junín , Loreto, Madre de Dios). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has only been collected from  Cecropia (  Urticaceae ) (Smith et al. 2017). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species shares remarkable morphological convergence with  Sampsonius Eggers, 1935, especially with regard to the prontotum shape in dorsal view, (type b) conspicuously long and acuminate frontally. This pronotal shape has been assumed to be diagnositic for  Sampsonius but with the exception of the pronotal form,  S. obtusicornis and  Sampsonius are quite different and this shape is due to convergence. We transfer this species to  Coptoborus due to the following combination of characters (  Sampsonius characters given first): protibia slender with greatly enlarged and prominent apical mucro, and outer margin and posterior face granulate vs. protibia distinctly triangular, apical mucro small, and posterior face unarmed; strongly concave lateral edge of pronotum vs. convex lateral margin; antennal club type 4 with sutures 1 and 2 strongly procurved vs. antennal club type 3 with sutures 1 and 2 transverse (Bright 1991; Petrov and Mandelshtam 2009; Smith 2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7AB1503332C35F75BFC6E841232CCD5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
E983825F27E555C1BD6F3E1334B59AAC.text	E983825F27E555C1BD6F3E1334B59AAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus ochromactonus Smith & Cognato 2014	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus ochromactonus Smith &amp; Cognato, 2014 Figure 11J-L, P </p>
            <p> Coptoborus ochromactonus Smith &amp; Cognato, 2014 (in Stilwell et al. 2014): 677. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (PUCE), paratypes (MSUC, 18), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Ecuador: Cotopaxi Prov., Otonga, 79°0.197'W, 0°25.158'S, 1970 m,  Á .  Barragán (PUCE, 5). Guayas Prov., El Empalme, m5 14, 21.ii.2013, Y. Castro, ex cultivated balsa (MSUC, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.5-2.6 mm (mean = 2.56 mm; n = 5), 2.48-2.63  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivity distinctly sulcate along interstriae 2, declivital interstriae 2 unarmed, interstriae 1 and 3 armed, declivital striae 1 and 2 parallel on declivital face and widely spaced, and declivital striae 2 punctate. It is most similar to  C. busoror and can be further distinguished by the smaller size 2.5-2.6 mm vs. 2.7 mm, and stouter body, 2.5-2.6  × as long as wide vs. 2.7  × as long as wide, stouter pronotum, 1.05-1.1  × , vs. 1.2  × as long as wide, and distribution west of the Andes vs. east of the Andes. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. busoror ,  C. leeloo ,  C. nudulus ,  C. pilisoror ,  C. ripley ,  C. sororcula ,  C. spicatus . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Ecuador (Cotopaxi, Guayas, Los  Ríos , Santo Domingo de los  Tsáchilas ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has only been collected from balsa,  Ochroma pyrimidale (  Malvaceae ), and is a serious pest of balsa in Ecuador. The biology of  C. ochromactonus has been studied in detail (Stilwell et al. 2014; Castro et al. 2019;  Martínez et al. 2020). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E983825F27E555C1BD6F3E1334B59AAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
6EC3FA3168085A25A6FB7F573A59D28B.text	6EC3FA3168085A25A6FB7F573A59D28B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus osbornae Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus osbornae sp. nov. Figure 12A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39  ’10” S, 076°26'W, 220 m, October 1994, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 9, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #872 (ICB). Paratypes, female, as holotype except: January 1996, trans[ect] 1, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1401 (NMNH, 1); as holotype except: Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, February 1999, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 4, Erwin lot #2038 (ICB, 1); as holotype except: Yasuni National Park,  Estacíon Científica Yasuní , 00°39.675'S, 76°24.023'W, 11.ii.2018, R. Osborn, EC18-41, ex 6 cm dia. branch (MSUC, 3; PUCE, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.5-1.7 mm (mean = 1.6 mm; n = 5), 2.67-3.0  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margin feebly carinate to striae 6, primarily visible between suture and striae 2, unequally serrate and appearing broken, declivity very steep, occupying poster quarter of elytra, and declivital interstrial setae as long as interstriae 1 width. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. murinus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 1.5-1.7 mm (mean = 1.6 mm; n = 5), 2.67-3.0  × as long as wide (holotype 1.6 mm, 2.83  × as long as wide). Body brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0-1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 3/5, rounded anteriorly, abundantly covered with long hair-like setae; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view uniformly rounded without a clear summit, type 1. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.6-1.7  × as long as wide, 1.7  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra round, parallel-sided in basal 80-88%, then broadly rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc shagreened, subshiny; strial punctures large, shallow, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, minutely, moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect bristle-like seta. Declivity very steep, occupying ~1/4 of elytra, smooth, subshiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae 1 and 2 feebly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a recumbent seta as long as 1.5 punctures; interstriae weakly convex, uniformly minutely granulate along their entire lengths, setae thick, erect, bristle-like, as long as interstriae 1 width. Posterolateral margin feebly carinate to striae 6, primarily visible between suture and striae 2, unequally serrate. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>For Rachel Osborn, Ph.D. student of AIC, who was the first to culture the symbiotic fungi of this species. Noun in genitive.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Specimens were collected by canopy fogging and from an unidentified 6 cm diameter branch.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6EC3FA3168085A25A6FB7F573A59D28B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
68402C3BE9FA53E8B6FBE65B698BA5BC.text	68402C3BE9FA53E8B6FBE65B698BA5BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus panosus Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus panosus sp. nov. Figure 12D-F, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, French Guiana: Amazone Nature Lodge, 30 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 10-18-IV-2007. D.G. &amp; J.E. Eger, 4°33.570'N, 052°12.433'W 300 m, MV light trap (NMNH).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.4 mm (n = 1), 2.67  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytra attenuate, declivital interstriae 2 convex and granulate, posterolateral margin of elytra carinate from apex to interstriae 7, and declivital interstriae moderately covered with long, erect hair-like setae. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. vrataski . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.4 mm, 2.67  × as long as wide. Body light brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons dull, tuberculate, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 4; segment 1 corneous, procurved on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, weakly procurved, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 0.9  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly, abundantly covered with long hair-like setae; anterior margin with four subequal serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 2/3. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc dull with sparse, minute punctures. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.7  × as long as wide, 1.9  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 2/3, then acutely rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures moderate, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, densely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Declivity steep, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta as long as two punctures; interstriae weakly convex, sparsely granulate, granules small, separated by the distance of three granules, interstriae moderately setose, setae long, erect hair-like, slightly longer than interstriae 1 width. Posterolateral margin apically produced, sharply carinate and serrate. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/5; apical 1/2 of outer margin with eight large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with nine large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. panosus = like bread. In reference to the species shape and color which resemble a baguette. Adjective.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>French Guiana.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/68402C3BE9FA53E8B6FBE65B698BA5BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
5851C701C9795055B1FD3F7B7CB59591.text	5851C701C9795055B1FD3F7B7CB59591.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus papillicauda Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus papillicauda sp. nov. Figure 12G-I, O </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Suriname: Sipaliwini, 2.977312°N, 55.38500°W, 200 m, Camp 4 (low), Kasikasima, T. Larsen, 20-25.iii.2012, FIT, SR12-0320-TN1, 2012 CI-RAP survey (NZCS).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm (n = 1), 3.33  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1 and 3 denticulate and interstriae 2 unarmed, declivital subapical margin armed with three denticles, and declivital interstriae 1 denticles large, 1-2  × high as wide. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. chica . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.0 mm, 3.33  × as long as wide. Body light brown, elytra darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, weakly convex on anterior face, occupying basal ~2/5; segment 2 narrow, transverse corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.3  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 4/5, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/4. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 2.0  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 3/4, then acutely rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae very shallowly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, glabrous; striae 1 irregular, slightly laterally broadened from base to declivital midpoint and then narrowing towards apex; interstriae flat, interstriae 1 and 3 each with three large denticles, interstriae 2 unarmed, those of interstriae 1 and 3 subequal, 1-2  × high as wide, interstriae with a sparse row of erect bristle-like setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a feebly carina armed with three large, acute denticles and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/5; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with eight and seven large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. papilla = rounded protuberance of the body, cauda = tail. In reference to the appearance of papillae (granules) on the declivity. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Suriname.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5851C701C9795055B1FD3F7B7CB59591	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
AE2F190BA61657258C5FB438E02130C4.text	AE2F190BA61657258C5FB438E02130C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus paurus (Wood 2007) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus paurus (Wood, 2007) comb. nov. Figure 12J-L, P </p>
            <p> Theoborus paurus Wood, 2007: 388. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NMNH), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.7 mm, 2.1  × as long as wide (Wood 2007). This species is distinguished by the broadly rounded and entire elytral apex, posterolateral margin rounded, anterior margin of pronotum with two projecting serrations, declivital interstrial setae much longer than the combined width of striae 1 and interstriae 1, declivital interstriae 2 sulcate, and interstriae 1 granulate, interstriae 3 denticulate (those larger than interstriae 1 granules), interstriae 2 with a staggered row of minute obscure granules. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. doliolum ,  C. erwini . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Costa Rica (Heredia).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has only been collected from  Protium panamensis (  Burseraceae ) (Wood 2007). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2F190BA61657258C5FB438E02130C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
34D4887FF06F5B208FD7BB0B38A0E26A.text	34D4887FF06F5B208FD7BB0B38A0E26A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus pilisoror Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus pilisoror sp. nov. Figure 13A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, February 1999, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 4, Erwin lot #2053 (ICB). Paratypes, female: as holotype (NMNH, 1); as holotype except: sta[tion] 2, Erwin lot #2051 (ICB, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.8 mm (mean = 1.8 mm; n = 3), 2.57  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivity moderately sulcate along interstriae 2, declivital interstriae 1-3 unarmed, and declivity densely covered in thick recumbent setae. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. busoror ,  C. leeloo ,  C. nudulus ,  C. ochromactonus ,  C. ripley ,  C. sororcula ,  C. spicatus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 1.8 mm, 2.57  × as long as wide. Body brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 3/5, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with six serrations, median pair largest. In lateral view uniformly rounded without a clear summit, type 1. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.6  × as long as wide, 1.6  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 73%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, subshiny; strial punctures moderate, shallow, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, glabrous. Declivity gradual, strongly shagreened, dull, appearing bisulcate, occupying apical 2/5 of elytra; striae not impressed, striae 1 and 2 parallel, strial punctures deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a recumbent seta the length of two punctures; interstriae punctate, interstriae covered in 3-5 rows of confused recumbent stout setae, interstriae 2 feebly sulcate, unarmed; interstriae 1 and 3 feebly costate unarmed. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a costa and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven and five large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. pilosus = hairy, soror = sister. In reference to the dense short setae of the declivity. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Specimens were collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/34D4887FF06F5B208FD7BB0B38A0E26A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
2899D6140A6E5AD5B69230EDA896D363.text	2899D6140A6E5AD5B69230EDA896D363.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus pristis (Wood 1974) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus pristis (Wood, 1974) comb. nov. Figure 13D-F, N </p>
            <p> Xyleborus pristis Wood, 1974: 32. </p>
            <p> Theoborus pristis (Wood): Wood 1982: 773. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NMNH), paratypes (NMNH, 2), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Brazil: Bahia, Camacan, Serra Bonita Reserve, 15°23.429'S, 39°33.810'W, 700-100 m, 6-14.V.2013, AI Cognato, SM Smith, CAH Flechtmann, Brazil 2013-11b, ex fallen  Tibouchina branch 1 cm diameter (MSUC, 4); as previous except: ex 25 cm dia.  Senna bole (MSUC, 1). Ecuador: El Cotopaxi, La Mana, Yakusinchi Nature Reserve, 00°57.030'S, 79°08.717'W, 450-550 m, 12-14.v.2015, Cognato, Smith, Osborn, Martinez et al., sample EC 5, ex 3 cm dia. branch (PUCE, 1); as previous except: sample EC 6, ex 2 cm dia. branch with thin bark (MSUC, 1; PUCE, 1); as previous except: EC 21, ex small 7 mm dia. twigs (MSUC, 2); as previous except: EC 19, ex bole of small tree, 3 cm dia. (MSUC, 1). Los  Ríos , Canton Valencia, Murucunba Nature Reserve, 00°38.544'S, 79°08.902'W, 731 m, 16.v.2015, Cognato, Smith, Osborn, Martinez et al., sample EC 47A, ex twigs and branches of  ‘Canelo’ (MSUC, 1). Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, July 1996, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 9, Erwin lot #1539 (ICB, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.6-2.1 mm (mean = 1.78 mm; n = 5), 2.67-3.0  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margin distinctly carinate to striae 6, carina unequally serrate and appearing broken, serrations on interstriae 1 and 2 subquadrate that are at least 2  × the size of other serrations. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. micarius . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil* (Bahia), Costa Rica (Cartago, Puntarenas), Ecuador* (El Cotopaxi, Orellana), Guatemala* (Zacapa), Panama (  Panamá Oeste), Peru (Madre de Dios). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species is only known from  Senna (  Fabaceae ) and  Miconia caudata and  Tibouchina (  Melastomataceae ). Wood (1982) reported that the tunnels were constructed in limbs and saplings of unidentified trees 10-15 cm in diameter. In addition, we report this species from twigs as small as 7 mm in diameter and a bole 25 cm in diameter. Specimens were also collected by canopy fogging. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2899D6140A6E5AD5B69230EDA896D363	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
AF17E3161A35593EB914E8C3654E2638.text	AF17E3161A35593EB914E8C3654E2638.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus pseudotenuis (Schedl 1936) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus pseudotenuis (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. Figure 13G-I, O </p>
            <p> Xyleborus pseudotenuis Schedl, 1936: 109. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus pseudotenuis (Schedl): Wood 1982: 802. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus pseudotenuis Schedl: Bright 2019: 297. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus tenuis Schedl, 1948: 269: Synonymy: Wood 1976: 349. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype  Xyleborus pseudotenuis (NHMW), examined. Holotype  Xyleborus tenuis (NHMW), examined. </p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, July 1995, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 10, sta[tion] 10, Erwin lot #1130 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #1093 (ICB, 1); as previous except: October 1995, trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 4, Erwin lot #1204 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: trans[ect] 5, sta[tion] 6, Erwin lot #1216, (ICB, 1); as previous except: trans[ect] 8, sta[tion] 6, Erwin lot #1245 (ICB, 1); except: July.1996, trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #1553 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, June. 1998, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 8, sta[tion] 9, Erwin lot #1878 (NMNH, 1); as previous except: October 1998, trans[ect] 9, sta[tion] 5, Erwin lot #1984 (ICB, 1). Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, 12°34.9S, 70°6.04W, Smith, Hulcr, 26.iv.-27.v.2008, sample Peru 14,  Cecropia sp. trunk (MSUC, 4; MUSM, 2). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.9-2.1 mm (mean = 2.0 mm; n = 5), 3.0-3.33  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate along the entire length, denticles on declivital interstriae 1 and 3 subequal, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, declivital interstriae distinctly impressed, and anterior margin of pronotum without a row of serrations. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. artetenuis ,  C. exilis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Colombia (Valle de Cauca), Costa Rica (  Limón ), Dominica, Ecuador* (Orellana), Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mexico (Campeche, San Luis  Potosí , Tabasco, Veracruz), Panama (  Panamá ), Peru (Loreto, Madre de Dios), Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad, United States (Florida), Venezuela (Aragua,  Mérida ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species is polyphagous and has been collected from  Cordia (  Cordiaceae ),  Hevea brasiliensis (  Euphorbiaceae ),  Acacia (  Fabaceae ),  Heliocarpus appendiculatus ,  Theobroma cacao (  Malvaceae ),  Coffea (  Rubiaceae ),  Cestrum (  Solanaceae ),  Cecropia (  Urticaceae ) (Wood and Bright 1992; Bright and Skidmore 1997; Wood 2007). Wood (2007) reported collecting the species from limbs and a log 5-20 cm in diameter. Specimens were also collected by canopy fogging. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Bright (2019) placed this species back in  Xyleborus without discussion. This species clearly beongs in  Coptoborus and shares the characters outlined in the generic diagnosis and has been shown to be correctly placed in  Coptoborus , rather than  Xyleborus in several molecular phylogenetic studies (e.g. Cognato et al. 2011; Gohli et al. 2017; Cognato et al. 2018). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF17E3161A35593EB914E8C3654E2638	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
F6DD7577E4DB5888B2E3A760367B2395.text	F6DD7577E4DB5888B2E3A760367B2395.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus puertoricensis (Bright & Torres 2006) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus puertoricensis (Bright &amp; Torres, 2006) comb. nov. Figure 13J-L, P </p>
            <p> Theoborus puertoricensis Bright &amp; Torres, 2006: 414. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus puertoricensis Bright, 2005 [sic]: Wood 2007: 398. </p>
            <p> Theoborus puertoricensis Bright &amp; Torres: Bright 2019: 275. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (CNCI), not examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.2-2.4 mm, 2.6-2.7  × as long as wide (Bright and Torres 2006). This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, denticles on interstriae 2 minute, distinctly smaller than those of interstriae 1 or 3, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex and declivity shagreened and dull. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. solitariformis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has been extensively collected via trapping and has been recorded from petioles of  Cecropia schreberiana (  Urticaceae ) (Bright 2019). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The treatment of this species was based on the examination of a specimen authoratively identified by Bright from San  Germán , Puerto Rico (MSUC) (see Bright 2019). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F6DD7577E4DB5888B2E3A760367B2395	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
691E7D78D9525AC3AEB7C196A5871298.text	691E7D78D9525AC3AEB7C196A5871298.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus ricini (Eggers 1932) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus ricini (Eggers, 1932) comb. nov. Figure 14A-C, M </p>
            <p> Xyleborus ricini Eggers, 1932: 298. </p>
            <p> Theoborus ricini (Eggers): Wood and Bright 1992: 661. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus solitariceps Schedl, 1954: 45. Synonymy: Wood 1989: 176. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype  Xyleborus ricini (NMNH), examined. Holotype  Xyleborus solitariceps (NHMW), examined. </p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>Bolivia: Santa Cruz Dist., Potrerillos del Guenda, Perserva Natural, 17°40'S, 63°27'W, 370 m 17-22-OCT-2007, J &amp; F Romero, ex: MV/BL (CSCA, 1); as previous except: Cline &amp; Wappes (CSCA, 1). Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, 12°34.9S, 70°6.04W, Smith, Hulcr, 26.iv.-2.v.2008, sample Peru 40b, 4 cm diameter twig (MSUC, 7); as previous except: sample Peru 40a, 1 cm diameter twig (MSUC, 3).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3-2.5 mm (mean = 2.4 mm; n = 5), 2.3-2.67  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margin continuously and smoothly carinate to striae 6 and not extended posteriad, and declivity broadly and shallowly impressed between interstriae 3. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. coartatus . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Bolivia* (Santa Cruz), Brazil (Bahia,  Paraná ), Colombia (Cauca, Santander, Tolima), Costa Rica (  Limón , Puntarenas), Dominican Republic, Honduras (Francisco  Morazán ), Jamaica, Mexico (Campeche, Tabasco, Veracruz), Peru* (Madre de Dios), Puerto Rico, United States (Florida), Venezuela (Miranda). Introduced to Africa (Cameroon,  Côte d’Ivoire , Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana,  São Tomé and  Príncipe , Uganda, Zaire). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has been recorded from many hosts in the Neotropics including: Terminalia sp. (  Combretaceae ),  Hevea brasiliensis ,  Ricinus communis (  Euphorbiaceae ),  Albizia gummifera ,  Dioclea megacarpa ,  Tetrapleura tetrapetra (  Fabaceae ),  Theobroma cacao (  Malvaceae ),  Swietenia sp. (  Meliaceae ),  Maesa rufescens (  Primulaceae ),  Citrus aurantifolia (  Rutaceae ) (Wood and Bright 1992). African hosts are listed in Schedl (1963: 289). Wood reported collecting the species from dying branches 3-7 cm in diameter as well as large boring in large limbs and stumps (Wood 1982, 2007) but it has also been collected in twigs as small as 1 cm in diameter. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/691E7D78D9525AC3AEB7C196A5871298	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
98A643694F81534BB5349E14AD4A1844.text	98A643694F81534BB5349E14AD4A1844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus ripley Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus ripley sp. nov. Figure 14D-F, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, July 1996, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 3, sta[tion] 6, Erwin lot #1546 (ICB).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 3.5 mm (n = 1), 2.69  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivity distinctly sulcate along interstriae 2, declivital interstriae 2 unarmed and impunctate, interstriae 1 and 3 armed, declivital striae 1 and 2 parallel on declivital face and widely spaced, and large size. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. busoror ,  C. leeloo ,  C. nudulus ,  C. ochromactonus ,  C. pilisoror ,  C. sororcula ,  C. spicatus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 3.5 mm, 2.69  × as long as wide. Body dark brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/5, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two projecting serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.5  × as long as wide, 1.3  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 70%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex strongly emarginate. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures moderate, shallow, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect hair-like seta. Declivity gradual, smooth, shiny, appearing bisulcate, occupying apical 2/5 of elytra; striae not impressed, striae 1 and 2 parallel, strial punctures much larger and shallower than those of disc; interstriae impunctate, interstriae 2 strongly sulcate, unarmed; interstriae 1 and 3 strongly costate with five and three granules respectively, each granule bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a granulate acute carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Sigourney Weaver, Ellen Ripley is the heroine in the movies  ‘Alien’ (1979),  ‘Aliens’ (1986), 'Alien 3' (1992), and 'Alien:  Resurrection’ (1997). This species is glabrous and reminiscent of  Ripley’s shaved head in 'Alien 3'. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The holotype was collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/98A643694F81534BB5349E14AD4A1844	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
B0E76B9898005DBCA25BB77B3DECD8BA.text	B0E76B9898005DBCA25BB77B3DECD8BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus sagitticauda Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus sagitticauda sp. nov. Figure 14G-I, O </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Guyana, Iwokrama Forest, 4°40.486'N, 58°41.028'W, 4-9.iii.2007, Cognato, Hulcr, Smith, Dole, McCall, GUY 17 (MSUC). Paratypes, female, as holotype (MSUC, 3); as holotype except: GUY 15 (NHMUK, 2; NMNH, 3); as holotype except: GUY 19 (MSUC, 4; NHMUK, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3 mm (mean = 2.3 mm; n = 5), 2.88  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex strongly acuminate, declivital interstriae 2 granulate near apex, declivity with a costa extending from apex to interstriae 8 and pronotum 1.25  × as long as wide. It is most similar to  C. attenuatus from which it can be distinguished by the larger size, 2.3 mm, vs. 2.0 mm and more elongate form, 2.88  × as long as wide vs. 2.5  × as long as wide). </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. attenuatus ,  C. bellus ,  C. katniss ,  C. sarahconnor ,  C. sicula ,  C. yar . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.3 mm, 2.88  × as long as wide. Body dark brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons strongly shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 4; segment 1 corneous, narrow, acutely procurved on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/2; segment 2 narrow, procurved, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.3  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 5/7, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two projecting serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull, finely asperate, minutely punctate on basal quarter and lateral areas, punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.6  × as long as wide, 1.3  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 62%, then acutely narrowed to acuminate apex. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures moderate, shallow, each bearing a recumbent hair-like seta the length of 2-3 punctures; interstriae flat, minutely, densely punctate, unarmed, glabrous. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect hair-like seta as long as three punctures; interstriae flat, uniformly denticulate, denticles distinct, small, interstriae 2-7 each with a row of erect setae as described for striae; interstriae 1 with two rows of setae. Posterolateral margin with a serrate costa from interstriae 8 to apex. Legs: protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer margin, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. sagitta = arrow, cauda = tail. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Guyana.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0E76B9898005DBCA25BB77B3DECD8BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
511678B994E259B1A11E817E075962C6.text	511678B994E259B1A11E817E075962C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus sarahconnor Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus sarahconnor sp. nov. Figure 14J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Brazil: [  Pará ],  Santarém , Acc. No. 2966 (CNCI). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3 mm (n = 1), 2.88  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex strongly acuminate, declivital interstriae unarmed along its entire length, antennal club with two sutures on posterior face, elytral discal interstriae punctate, and posterolateral margin of declivity with a very short carina extending from apex to interstriae 2. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. attenuatus ,  C. bellus ,  C. katniss ,  C. sagitticauda ,  C. sicula ,  C. yar . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.3 mm, 2.88  × as long as wide. Body brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, as long as club. Pedicel as long as funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.3  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with two projecting serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 2/3. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins carinate on basal third. Elytra: 1.6  × as long as wide, 1.3  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 62%, then acutely narrowed to acuminate apex. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures large, shallow, each bearing a recumbent hair-like seta the length of three punctures; interstriae flat, minutely, densely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-recumbent seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, shagreened, dull, declivital face weakly convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a recumbent hair-like setae as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, nearly devoid of denticles except interstriae 3 coarsely serrate on acuminate projection, interstriae with a row of short erect hair-like setae. Posterolateral margin with a very short carina extending from apex to interstriae 2. Legs: protibiae distinctly triangular, broadest at apical 1/5; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Linda Hamilton, Sarah Connor is a heroine in 'The  Terminator’ movie and television franchise (1984-2019). The vermiculate elytral declivity gives the species a rough appearance like the character it recognizes. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (  Pará ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511678B994E259B1A11E817E075962C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
6BA63975CE4F5A32AB7932B38D20D08D.text	6BA63975CE4F5A32AB7932B38D20D08D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus schulzi Wood 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus schulzi Wood, 2007 Figure 15A-C, M </p>
            <p> Coptoborus schulzi Wood, 2007: 394. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NMNH), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, i.1996, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 7, sta[tion] 7, Erwin lot #1467 (NMNH, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.3 mm (n = 1), 2.56  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, stout form, declivital interstriae 1 with a confused row of erect scale-like setae, and posterior ~40% of elytra acutely tapered to apex. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. barbicauda ,  C. bettysmithae ,  C. capillisoror ,  C. hansen ,  C. subtilis ,  C. trinity ,  C. uhura . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador*(Orellana), Suriname.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown. A specimen was collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6BA63975CE4F5A32AB7932B38D20D08D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
CA59D58786625850967D4452AC863A9C.text	CA59D58786625850967D4452AC863A9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus scully Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus scully sp. nov. Figure 15D-F, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, January 2006, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 3, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #3120 (ICB). Paratypes, female, as holotype except: trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1221 (ICB, 1); as holotype except: July 1995, trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #1093 (NMNH, 1); as holotype except: January 1996, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #1453 (ICB, 1); as holotype except October 1996, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 3, Erwin lot #1713 (ICB, 1); as holotype except: Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, February 1999, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 6, Erwin lot #2015 (NMNH, 1); as holotype except: trans[ect] 5, sta[tion] 4, Erwin lot #2043 (MSUC, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.7-2.0 mm (mean = 1.84 mm; n = 5), 2.83-3.17  × as long as wide. declivital interstriae 2 denticulate along entire length, denticles as numerous and as large as those of interstriae 1, posterolateral margin of declivity costate, armed with three large denticles, and declivital slope steep. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. amplissimus ,  C. catulus ,  C. incomptus ,  C. newt . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 1.7-2.0 mm (mean = 1.84 mm; n = 5), 2.83-3.17  × as long as wide (holotype 2.0 mm, 3.08  × as long as wide). Body brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 5/7. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.7-1.9  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 64-70%, then acutely rounded to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, shiny; striae minutely punctate, each puncture bearing a recumbent seta the length of a puncture; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-recumbent seta as long as four punctures, striae 1 parallel to suture; interstriae flat, interstriae 1 and 3 each with seven and five respectively, uniformly spaced large denticles, interstriae 2 with seven denticles, denticles on interstriae 1-3 subequal, interstrial setae moderately dense erect bristle-like, interstriae 1 with an additional row of slightly shorter setae. Posterolateral margin of declivity costate, armed with three large serrations. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Gillian Anderson, Dana Scully is the heroine in the  ‘X-Files’ television series (1993-2002, 2016) and movie (2008). We believe in the 'Scully  Effect’ (https://seejane.org/research-informs-empowers/the-scully-effect-i-want-to-believe-in-stem/) and hope future female scientists, real and fictional, continue to inspire children and young adults to pursue STEM careers. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Specimens were collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA59D58786625850967D4452AC863A9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
D138272A56AC55FDB4B97C8E4218DFA9.text	D138272A56AC55FDB4B97C8E4218DFA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus semicostatus (Schedl 1948) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus semicostatus (Schedl, 1948) comb. nov. Figure 15G-I, O </p>
            <p> Xyleborus semicostatus Schedl, 1948: 268. </p>
            <p> Dryocoetoides semicostatus (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992: 658. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NHMW), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>Bolivia: Santa Cruz Dist., Portrerillo del Guenda, Preserva Natural, 17°40'S, 63°27'W, 370 m, 12-13.x.2007, A.R. Cline &amp; J.E. Wappes, ex BL/MV (CSCA, 2).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.8-3.1 mm (mean = 3.0 mm; n = 3), 2.6-2.7  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the declivital interstriae raised into vermiculate ridges as high as 2  × strial width, declivity subshiny and smaller size, 3.1 mm. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. starbuck ,  Dryocoetoides spp. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Bolivia* (Santa Cruz), Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The species was undoubtedly placed in  Dryocoetoides by Wood and Bright (1992) because of its costate interstriae, a usually diagnostic character for  Dryocoetoides combined with an inflated and granulate posterior face of the protibia. However, the only previously known specimen, the holotype, is point mounted with an excessive amount of glue making it impossible to properly see the protibia. The protibiae are clearly visible on the Bolivian specimens and the posterior face is flat and unarmed. This species is therefore transferred to  Coptoborus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D138272A56AC55FDB4B97C8E4218DFA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
B4016018654F526695E9971B14C49141.text	B4016018654F526695E9971B14C49141.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus sicula Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus sicula sp. nov. Figure 15J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, July1996, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 1, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1521 (ICB). Paratype, female, as holotype except: Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, June 1998, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 6, sta[tion] 2, Erwin lot #1851 (NMNH, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.1 mm (n = 1), 3.0  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex strongly acuminate, declivital interstriae 2 granulate near apex, declivity rounded, without a costa on posterolateral margin, and elytral discal interstriae 2 with one row of uniseriate punctures. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. attenuatus ,  C. bellus ,  C. katniss ,  C. sagitticauda ,  C. sarahconnor ,  C. yar . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.1 mm, 3.0  × as long as wide. Body, antennae, and legs light brown. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, transverse, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 5/7, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 2.0  × as long as wide, 2.0  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 71%, then acutely narrowed to acuminate apex. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures large, shallow, glabrous; interstriae flat, minutely, densely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face strongly convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, glabrous; interstriae flat, uniformly granules, granules distinct, small, spaced by at least four diameters of a granule, interstriae with a row of moderately long bristle-like erect setae, as long as the width of interstriae 2. </p>
            <p>Posterolateral margin rounded. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; apical 1/2 of outer margin with seven large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. sica = dagger, - ulus = little. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Specimens were collected by canopy fogging.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4016018654F526695E9971B14C49141	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
B963A777E6445F26B37A1DED593584C5.text	B963A777E6445F26B37A1DED593584C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus silviasilasi Atkinson 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus silviasilasi Atkinson, 2018 Figure 16A-C, L </p>
            <p> Coptoborus silviasilasi Atkinson, 2018: 345. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Paratypes (MSUC, 2), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 3.0 mm (mean = 3.0 mm; n = 2), 2.5  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the declivity broadly and deeply sulcate between interstriae 3, declivital interstriae 1 with a large digitate projection, its length ~2  × basal diameter, and a large digitate projection at the middle of the declivity on interstriae 3, and dark brown to black color. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Mexico (Oaxaca).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Atkinson (2018) reported collecting the species from an unidentified branch 2-5 cm in diameter in a coffee plantation.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B963A777E6445F26B37A1DED593584C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
1BC9692E61745BE1A1D65FBCD9E84404.text	1BC9692E61745BE1A1D65FBCD9E84404.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus solitariformis (Schedl 1976)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus solitariformis (Schedl, 1976) Figure 16D, E, M </p>
            <p> Xyleborus solitariformis Schedl, 1976: 77. </p>
            <p> Dryocoetoides solitariformis (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992: 658. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus solitariformis (Schedl): Wood 2007: 396. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Lectotype (NHMW), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.9 mm (n = 1), 2.38  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, denticles on interstriae 2 distinct, as large as those of interstriae 1 or 3, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex and declivity smooth and shiny. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. puertoricensis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Brazil (Mato Grosso).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1BC9692E61745BE1A1D65FBCD9E84404	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
5297FAA9912B55F295364AA3BAB7D71D.text	5297FAA9912B55F295364AA3BAB7D71D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus sororcula Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus sororcula sp. nov. Figure 16F-H, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, CM2, 12.4492°S, 70.2517°W, Smith, Hulcr, 17-18.v.2008, sample Peru 75, 3 cm diameter twig (MUSM).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.2 mm (n = 1), 2.75  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivity feebly sulcate along interstriae 2, declivital interstriae 1-3 unarmed, declivity glabrous, declivital interstriae 3 feebly elevated, and declivity shagreened, dull. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. busoror ,  C. leeloo ,  C. nudulus ,  C. ochromactonus ,  C. pilisoror ,  C. ripley ,  C. spicatus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.2 mm, 2.75  × as long as wide. Body brown, elytra darker, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and moderately emarginate. Antennal scape short and thick. Pronotum: 1.1  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 5/7, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with four serrations, median pair largest. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins carinate on basal third. Elytra: 1.6  × as long as wide, 1.6  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 62%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex weakly emarginate. Disc smooth, dull; strial punctures moderate, shallow, glabrous; interstriae flat, punctures dense and strongly confused, unarmed, glabrous. Declivity gradual, shagreened, dull, glabrous, appearing bisulcate, occupying apical 2/5 of elytra; striae not impressed, striae 1 and 2 parallel, strial punctures much larger and shallower than those of disc; interstriae impunctate, interstriae 2 feebly sulcate, unarmed; interstriae 1 and 3 feebly costate unarmed. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a serrate acute carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: Mesotibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with six large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>L. soror = sister, - culus = little. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Madre de Dios).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The species was collected from a 3 cm diameter twig of an unidentified host.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5297FAA9912B55F295364AA3BAB7D71D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
D58F4F16712F57DDAF744EA5DB4729F8.text	D58F4F16712F57DDAF744EA5DB4729F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus spicatus Wood 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus spicatus Wood, 2007 Figure 16I-K, O </p>
            <p> Coptoborus spicatus Wood, 2007: 394. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, paratype (NMNH), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.2 mm (n = 1), 2.44  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivity feebly sulcate along interstriae 2, declivital interstriae 2 unarmed, interstriae 1 and 3 armed by more six and four denticles, respectively, and declivity nearly glabrous. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. busoror ,  C. leeloo ,  C. nudulus ,  C. ochromactonus ,  C. pilisoror ,  C. ripley ,  C. sororcula . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Suriname.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D58F4F16712F57DDAF744EA5DB4729F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
57FA56DE276655249B3DFB68DE77DB47.text	57FA56DE276655249B3DFB68DE77DB47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus starbuck Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus starbuck sp. nov. Figure 17A-C, M </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.],  Estación Cientifica  Yasuní , 00°40'28"S, 76°38'50"W, 215 m, IX.5-10.1999, E.G. Riley, UV light, TAMU-ENTO X1305773 (TAMU). Paratype, female, Ecuador: [  Sucumbíos Prov.], Limoncocha, 0°23'S, 76°38'W, 300 m, 31.iii.1974, H.P. Stockwell (TAMU, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 3.3-3.6 mm (mean = 3.45 mm; n = 2), 2.54-2.57  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the declivital interstriae raised into vermiculate ridges as high as 4  × strial width, declivity shagreened and larger size, 3.6 mm. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. semicostatus ,  Dryocoetoides spp. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 3.3-3.6 mm (mean = 3.45 mm; n = 2), 2.54-2.57  × as long as wide (holotype 3.6 mm, 2.57  × as long as wide). Body, antennae and legs light brown, elytral declivity dark brown. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons strongly shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, subconvex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 broad, subconvex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with eight projecting serrations, median pair largest. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 2/3. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.5  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 80-81%, then acutely rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc shagreened, shiny; striae minutely punctate, glabrous; interstriae flat, minutely, sparsely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a short recumbent hair-like seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, shagreened, dull, declivital face convex; striae deeply impressed, strial punctures as large and deeper than those of disc, glabrous; interstriae raised into vermiculate ridges as high as 4  × strial width, each bearing short fine recumbent seta. Posterolateral margin apically produced, acutely carinate. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with eight large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with ten and nine large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Katee Sackhoff, Kara  ‘Starbuck’ Thrace is a heroine in the 'Battlestar  Galactica’ television series (2003-2009). The vermiculate elytral declivity gives the species a tough persona like the character it recognizes. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Ecuador (Orellana,  Sucumbíos ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/57FA56DE276655249B3DFB68DE77DB47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
64793E56D13E59E99F9DB6AC74104542.text	64793E56D13E59E99F9DB6AC74104542.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus subtilis (Schedl 1970)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus subtilis (Schedl, 1970) Figure 17D-F, N </p>
            <p> Xyleborus subtilis Schedl, 1970: 96. </p>
            <p> Coptoborus subtilis (Schedl): Wood 2007: 395. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NHMW), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm (n = 1), 2.86  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire and not produced, declivity interstriae 2 feebly sulcate, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, denticles on interstriae 1 and 3 very large and distinct, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, stout form, and declivital interstriae setae sparse and bristle-like. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. barbicauda ,  C. bettysmithae ,  C. capillisoror ,  C. hansen ,  C. schulzi ,  C. trinity ,  C. uhura . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Brazil (Santa Catarina).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/64793E56D13E59E99F9DB6AC74104542	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
E0A7C25BF15155BAA7C65F4BA4F63820.text	E0A7C25BF15155BAA7C65F4BA4F63820.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus tolimanus (Eggers 1928)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus tolimanus (Eggers, 1928) Figure 17G-I, O </p>
            <p> Xyleborus tolimanus Eggers, 1928: 97 </p>
            <p> Coptoborus tolimanus (Eggers): Wood and Bright 1992: 664. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Lectotype (NMNH), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, July 1995, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 4, sta[tion] 8, Erwin lot #1098 (ICB, 1). French Guiana: Crique Alma Maripasoula, 2°14'2.47"N, 54°27'0.19"W, 12-20-VIII-2015, FIT with blue LED, E Poirier, P-H Dalens, F. Robin, Expedition "Our Planet Reviewed" Mitarka French Guiana 2015, MNHN/PNI &amp; SEAG APA 973-1 (MSUC, 9); as previous except: pink LED (MSUC, 2). Panama:  Panamá , Cd.  Panamá , 13-IX-2007, I1WP (UTIC, 1); Canal Zone, Albrook Forest Site, Fort Clayton, May 16-17, 1968, Hutton (UAAM, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0-2.2 mm (mean = 2.08 mm; n = 5), 2.86-3.38  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and strongly emarginate, declivity convex, declivital interstriae 2 denticulate, elytral apex with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a crenulate carina that continues submarginally to apex, declivital interstriae 3 with fewer than ten denticles, elytral apices acute, declivital striae not impressed, elytral apex crenulations large and coarse, declivital slope steep, occupying 50% of elytra. It is most similar to  C. inornatus but has more elongate elytra 1.7-2.0  × as long as wide vs. 1.6  × as long as wide, and larger size 2.0-2.2 mm vs. 1.8 mm. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. furiosa ,  C. inornatus ,  C. janeway ,  C. martinezae ,  C. vasquez . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (Bahia,  Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso,  São Paulo), Colombia (Huila, Santander, Tolima, Valle de Cauca), Costa Rica (Cartago,  Limón , Puntarenas), Ecuador* (Orellana), French Guiana*, Mexico (Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Panama (  Coclé ,  Panamá *), Venezuela (Barinas). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has been recorded from diverse hosts including:  Guatteria (  Annonaceae ),  Protium (  Burseraceae ),  Cordia (  Cordiaceae ),  Inga (  Fabaceae ),  Bombacopsis quinata ,  Heliocarpus appendiculatus ,  Theobroma cacao (  Malvaceae ) (Wood and Bright 1992; Bright and Skidmore 1997; Wood 2007) and  Cecropia (  Urticaceae ). Wood reported collecting specimens from limbs and branches 5-15 cm in diameter (Wood 1982, 2007). Specimens were also collected by canopy fogging. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Smith et al. (2017) reported this species from Peru (Madre de Dios). However this record represents a misidentification. The record is actually part of the type series of  Coptoborus janeway from sample Peru 83b. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0A7C25BF15155BAA7C65F4BA4F63820	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
05EAF2B04E4556798EACAA2AF47760AF.text	05EAF2B04E4556798EACAA2AF47760AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus trinity Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus trinity sp. nov. Figure 17J-L, P </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Brazil: Mato Grosso, Sinop, x.1976, M. Alvarenga (CNCI).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm (n = 1), 2.5  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire, declivital interstriae 2 convex, declivital interstriae 1-3 densely and coarsely denticulate, denticles large and very closely spaced, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, convex declivity, and stout form. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. barbicauda ,  C. bettysmithae ,  C. capillisoror ,  C. hansen ,  C. schulzi ,  C. subtilis ,  C. uhura . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.0 mm, 2.5  × as long as wide. Body, antennae and legs light brown. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons shiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, much shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 4; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with four subequal serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc dull with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.5  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 58%, then acutely rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc shagreened, subshiny; strial punctures moderate, shallow, glabrous; interstriae flat, densely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a semi-erect spatulate seta. Declivity steeply rounded, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, shagreened, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae 1 and 2 distinctly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a trifid recumbent seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, interstriae 2 and 3 densely uniseriate denticulate along their entire lengths, denticles spaced by one width of a denticle, interstriae 1 denticles confused, biseriate, setae erect, scale-like, as long as interstriae 1 width, becoming bristle-like and much longer on apical 1/4; interstriae 1 with an additional row of slightly shorter erect scale-like setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a granulate carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Carrie-Anne Moss, Trinity is the heroine in the movies 'The  Matrix’ (1999), 'The Matrix  Reloaded’ (2003) and 'The Matrix  Revolutions’ (2003). Three types of setae (trifid, scale-like and bristle-like) help diagnose this species. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Brazil (Mato Grosso).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/05EAF2B04E4556798EACAA2AF47760AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
26E1DEF1271A5D06AB737AE4A224AC5D.text	26E1DEF1271A5D06AB737AE4A224AC5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus tristiculus (Wood 1975) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus tristiculus (Wood, 1975) comb. nov. Figure 18A-C, M </p>
            <p> Xyleborus tristiculus Wood, 1975b: 401. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype (NHMUK), examined.</p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p>Ecuador: Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, October 1996, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 7, sta[tion] 8, Erwin lot #1728 (ICB, 1); as previous except: October 1995, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 10, Erwin lot #1190 (ICB, 1); as previous except: January 1996, trans[ect] 7, sta[tion] 7, Erwin lot #1467 (NMNH, 1).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.2-2.3 mm (mean = 2.23 mm; n = 2), 2.2-2.3  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margin continuously and smoothly carinate to striae 6 and not extended posteriad, declivital interstrial setae fine, hair-like, longer than the width of interstriae 2 and abundantly covering declivity, declivital interstriae granulate, granules large and distinct, declivital striae 1 and 2 distinctly impressed. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. brigman ,  C. leia ,  Euwallacea perbrevis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Brazil (Mato Grosso), Ecuador* (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> The type series were collected by Roger Beaver in Brazil. The type series have field notebook codes C47, D-35, Nos. 170, 172, No. E-18 on their locality labels (Wood 1975b). These specimens were collected from two small cut trees of  Protium (  Burseraceae ) with stem diameters between 3.5-4.5 cm. Two gallery systems were investigated and branched rather irregularly in the transverse plane of the wood, penetrating ~2 cm deep, and were without enlargements or brood chambers (R.A. Beaver, pers. comm., 11 November 2020). Specimens were also collected by canopy fogging. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species was omitted from Wood (2007). In his description Wood (1975b) allied this species to  Xyleborus molestulus which he later placed in  Theoborus (Wood and Bright 1992: 661) but which has recently been recognized as a synonym of  Euwallacea perbrevis (Schedl, 1951) (Smith et al. 2020). This species shares the diagnostic characteristics of  Coptoborus and is here transferred. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/26E1DEF1271A5D06AB737AE4A224AC5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
3580599CA986551FAC8869F3E67BC49A.text	3580599CA986551FAC8869F3E67BC49A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus uhura Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus uhura sp. nov. Figure 18D-F, N </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype, female, Peru: Madre de Dios Dept., Los Amigos Biological Station, 12°34.9S, 70°6.04W, Smith, Hulcr, 26.iv.-2.v.2008, sample Peru 6, branch (MUSM).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.0 mm (n = 1), 2.55  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and entire and not produced, declivital interstriae 2 flattened, declivital interstriae 1-3 denticulate, posterolateral margin of declivity with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a carina and continuing submarginally to apex, stout form, declivity weakly sulcate, denticles on interstriae 3 distinct, their height equal to interstriae width, and declivital interstriae setae uniseriate, sparse, bristle-like. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. barbicauda ,  C. bettysmithae ,  C. capillisoror ,  C. hansen ,  C. schulzi ,  C. subtilis ,  C. trinity . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.0 mm (n = 1), 2.55  × as long as wide. Body, antennae and legs light brown, elytra ferruginous. Head: epistoma smooth. Frons subshiny, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/5; segment 2 broad, subconvex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 5/7, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, narrow fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.6  × as long as wide, 1.5  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 65%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex entire. Disc smooth, subshiny; strial punctures moderate, shallow, glabrous; interstriae flat, sparsely, minutely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~1/2 of elytra, shagreened, dull, declivital face weakly sulcate; striae 1 deeply impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-recumbent hair-like seta as long as a puncture; interstriae flat, sparsely and inconsistently denticulate, interstriae 1 and 3 denticles uniseriate, spaced by at least four widths of a denticle, interstriae 3 denticles distinct, their height equal to interstriae width, interstriae 2 with denticles only on basal third, setae sparse, uniseriate, short, erect, bristle-like, as long as interstriae 1 width. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a granulate carina and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with seven large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with seven large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Nichelle Nichols and Zoe Saldana, Uhura is a heroine in the 'Star  Trek’ television and movie franchise (1966-present). This species is reddish and reminiscent of the uniform Uhura wore on the original 'Star  Trek’ television show. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Peru (Madre de Dios).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>The species was collected from an unidentified branch.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3580599CA986551FAC8869F3E67BC49A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
84B588DE410C5CCEBD886F37A97B76CB.text	84B588DE410C5CCEBD886F37A97B76CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus vasquez Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus vasquez sp. nov. Figure 18G-I, O </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Panama: Cd. [Ciudad]  Panamá , 17-VIII-2002, E2PP (NMNH). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.4 mm (n = 1), 3.0  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex attenuate and weakly emarginate, declivity feebly sulcate along interstriae 2, declivital interstriae 2 unarmed, interstriae 1 and 3 armed by two large denticles, and declivity densely setose. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. furiosa ,  C. inornatus ,  C. janeway ,  C. martinezae ,  C. tolimanus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 2.4 mm, 3.0  × as long as wide. Body dark brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club circular, flat, type 4; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly, abundantly covered with long hair-like setae; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc reticulate, dull with sparse, minute punctures. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 2.0  × as long as wide, 2.0  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 63%, then acutely tapered to apex, apex entire. Disc shagreened, dull; strial punctures small, deep, each bearing a recumbent seta the length of two punctures; interstriae flat, minutely, moderately punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long semi-erect bristle-like seta. Declivity gradual, smooth, shiny, appearing bisulcate, occupying apical 2/5 of elytra; striae not impressed, striae 1 slightly laterally broadened from base to declivital midpoint and then narrowing towards apex, strial punctures larger and shallower than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta as long as four punctures; interstriae impunctate, interstriae 2 feebly sulcate, unarmed; interstriae 1 and 3 feebly each with two large denticles, interstrial setae dense, erect, thick, bristle-like, uniseriate, interstriae 1 with one additional row of shorter erect hair-like setae. Posterolateral margin with interstriae 3 and 9 joining, forming a granulate costa and continuing submarginally to apex. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with eight large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Jenette Goldstein, Private Vasquez is a heroine in the movie  ‘Aliens’ (1986). Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Panama (  Panamá ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/84B588DE410C5CCEBD886F37A97B76CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
65F98E9044C550068BB3471635B6C54E.text	65F98E9044C550068BB3471635B6C54E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus vespatorius (Schedl 1931)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus vespatorius (Schedl, 1931) Figure 18J-L, P </p>
            <p> Xyleborus emarginatus Hopkins, 1915: 53. Preoccupied by Eichhoff 1878. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus vespatorius Schedl, 1931: 342 (new name for  X. emarginatus Hopkins nec Eichhoff 1878). </p>
            <p> Coptoborus vespatorius (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992: 665. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus corniculatus Schedl, 1948: 275. Synonymy: Wood 1972: 200. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus corniculatulus Schedl, 1948: 275. Synonymy: Wood 1972: 200. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype  Xyleborus emarginatus (NMNH), examined. Holotype  Xyleborus corniculatus (NHMW), examined. Holotype  Xyleborus corniculatulus (NHMW), examined. </p>
            <p>New records.</p>
            <p> Ecuador: Los  Ríos , Canton La Clementina, Samama Nature Reserve, 01°38.852'S, 79°19.867'W, 381-430 m, 13-15.V.2015, Cognato, Smith, Osborn, Martinez et al., EC13, ex 4 cm dia. hanging liana (MSUC, 7; PUCE, 3). Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, January 1996, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 5, sta[tion] 4, Erwin lot #1444 (ICB, 1); as previous except: P.N.  Yasuní , 00°40'32"S, 76°21'19W, 250 m, 19 Feb 2005, I.  Rodríguez (PUCE, 1); as previous except: Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, June 1998, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 3, sta[tion] 9, Erwin lot #1828 (ICB, 1). Pichincha, Quito, Parque Metropolitano, 00°11'22"S, 78°29'38"W, 2810 m, 15 Apr 2006, A. Argot (PUCE, 1). French Guiana: Crique Alma Maripasoula, 2°14'2.47"N, 54°27'0.19W, 12-20-VIII-2015, FIT with pink LED, E Poirier, P-H Dalens, F. Robin, Expedition "Our Planet Reviewed" Mitarka French Guiana 2015, MNHN/PNI &amp; SEAG APA 973-1 (MSUC, 1). Guyana: Iwokrama Forest, Turtle Mountain, 4°44.081'N, 58°42.830'W, 4-9.iii.2007, Cognato, Hulcr, Smith, Dole, McCall, GUY 39 (MSUC, 9). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.55-2.8 mm (mean = 2.67 mm; n = 5), 3.19-3.50  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytra attenuate, apex emarginate, elytra deeply excavated between interstriae 3, excavated area unarmed and anterior margin of pronotum without serrations. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. obtusicornis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Bahia,  Espírito Santo,  São Paulo), Colombia (Valle de Cauca), Costa Rica (Cartago,  Limón ), Ecuador* (Los  Ríos , Orellana, Pichincha), French Guiana*, Grenada, Guyana*, Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz), Peru (Loreto, Madre de Dios), Saint Lucia, Venezuela (Aragua, Miranda). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has been recorded from  Magifera indica (  Anacardiaceae ),  Hevea brasiliensis (  Euphorbiaceae ),  Inga (  Fabaceae ),  Theobroma cacao (  Malvaceae ), and  Cestrum (  Solanaceae ) (Wood and Bright 1992; Bright and Skidmore 1997; Wood 2007). Wood (1982) reported collecting specimens from dying and recently cut limbs and boles 10-30 cm in diameter and that the gallery comprised a simple entrance tunnel that was expanded by the brood into a small tabular cavity that followed the grain of the wood. The species has also been recorded from a cut hanging liana 4 cm in diameter and by canopy fogging. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65F98E9044C550068BB3471635B6C54E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
A24EA29303E5503C9AA6EE013FD4BA68.text	A24EA29303E5503C9AA6EE013FD4BA68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus villosulus (Blandford 1898) Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus villosulus (Blandford, 1898) comb. nov. Figure 19A-C, J </p>
            <p> Xyleborus villosulus Blandford, 1898: 204. </p>
            <p> Theoborus villosulus (Blandford): Wood and Bright 1992: 662. </p>
            <p> Theoborus theobromae Hopkins, 1915: 57. syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus pseudococcotrypes Eggers, 1941: 105. Synonymy: Wood 1962: 79. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus coccotrypoides Eggers, 1943: 388. Synonymy: Wood 1976: 349. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus villosus Schedl, 1948: 270. Synonymy: Wood 1976: 34. </p>
            <p> Xyleborus hirtellus Schedl, 1948: 271. Synonymy: Schedl 1952: 163. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype  Xyleborus villosulus (NHMUK), examined. Holotype  Theoborus theobromae (NMNH), examiened. Lectotype  Xyleborus hirtellus (NHMW). </p>
            <p> Holotype  Xyleborus pseudococcotrypes (MNHN) not examined. Holotype  Xyleborus coccotrypoides (MNHN), not examined. Syntypes  Xyleborus villosus (NHMW), not examined. New records. Brazil: Bahia, Camacan, Serra Bonita Reserve, 15°23.429'S, 39°33.810'W, 700-100 m, 6-14.V.2013, AI Cognato, SM Smith, CAH Flechtmann (MSUC, 7). Ecuador: El Cotopaxi, La Mana, Yakusinchi Nature Reserve, 00°57.030'S, 79°08.717'W, 3-16.iii.2017, R Osborn, C Bateman, &amp; M Martinez, ex galleries (MSUC, 1). Napo Prov. [= Orellana Prov.], Res[erva]. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S. Okone Gare Camp, Trans[ect]. Ent[omology]., 00°39'10"S, 076°26'W, 220 m, October 1995, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 7, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #1581 (ICB, 1); as previous except: Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°37'55"S, 076°08'39"W, 220-250 m, February 1999, T.L. Erwin et al. collectors, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, trans[ect] 2, sta[tion] 1, Erwin lot #2010 (ICB, 1; NMNH, 1); as previous except: trans[ect] 5, sta[tion] 8, Erwin lot #2047 (ICB, 1); as previous except: June 1998, trans[ect] 7, sta[tion] 2, Erwin lot #1861 (NMNH, 1). Panama: Verguas Pr., 8 km W. Sante Fe, Cerro Tute, el 300 ft, 08°30'26"N, 81°6'49"W, 24-vii-1999, J.B. Woolley 99/053 (TAMU, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 1.7-2.2 mm (mean = 1.94 mm; n = 5), 2.43-2.57  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex broadly rounded and entire, posterolateral margins of elytra rounded, declivity convex, interstriae never impressed, and discal interstrial punctures confused. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p>None.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Argentina (  Tucumán ), Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia (Cochabamba), Brazil (Bahia*, Mato Grosso,  Paraná , Santa Catarina,  São Paulo), Colombia (Cundinamarca, Huila, Valle de Cauca), Costa Rica (Cartago,  Limón , Puntarenas), Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador* (El Cotopaxi, Orellana), French Guiana (Cayenne), Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Martinique, Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz), Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Panama (  Panamá , Veraguas*), Peru (Cusco,  Junín , Madre de Dios), Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Aragua, Barinas,  Bolívar ,  Mérida ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> This species has been recorded from diverse hosts including:  Alexa imperatricis ,  Erythrina costaricensis ,  Inga (  Fabaceae ),  Ochroma ,  Theobroma cacao (  Malvaceae ),  Miconia (  Melastomataceae ),  Guarea (  Meliaceae ),  Ficus (  Moraceae ),  Pinus elliotti (  Pinaceae ),  Piper sp.,  Piper tucumanum (  Piperaceae ),  Coffea (  Rubiaceae ),  Cestrum (  Solanaceae ),  Cecropia (  Urticaceae ) (Wood and Bright 1992; Bright and Skidmore 1997; Wood 2007;  Córdoba and Atkinson 2018). Wood (1982) reported collecting specimens from unthrifty, cut, or broken branches ~2-5 cm in diameter. Specimens were also collected by canopy fogging. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Wood (1982, 2007) considered  T. theobromae and  T. villosulus to be closely related and separated based only on minute differences in pronotal puncture size, granule density and body size, 1.8 vs. 2.3 mm, respectively. Wood also considered these species to have overlapping ranges with  T. theobromae in the West Indies and Costa Rica to Colombia and Venezuela and  T. villosulus occurring from Guatemala to Bolivia and Brazil. Specimens used as part of this study were found to be continuous in size from 1.7-2.2 mm and the punctures and granules to form a continuous spectrum of variation as well. Extensive COI and CAD sampling from many of the populations given above had differences of &lt;10% and &lt;2%, respectively (Cognato et al. 2020b), supporting the recognition of a single species,  T. villosulus (Cognato, unpublished). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A24EA29303E5503C9AA6EE013FD4BA68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
4D717AAB23805376A38720D0B6D5BDB8.text	4D717AAB23805376A38720D0B6D5BDB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus vrataski Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus vrataski sp. nov. Figure 19D-F, K </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Brazil:  Rondônia , 62 km SW Ariquemes, nr Fzda. Rancho Grande, 3-15-XII-1996, JE Eger, black light trap (FSCA). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 3.2 mm (n = 1), 2.67  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytra attenuate, elytra deeply sulcate along interstriae 2, interstriae 2 densely granulate, posterolateral margin of elytra carinate from apex to interstriae 7, and declivital interstriae densely covered with long thick erect scale-like setae. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. panosus . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). Holotype 3.2 mm, 2.67  × as long as wide. Body dark brown, antennae and legs lighter. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes broadly and moderately emarginate. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, as long as club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 4; segment 1 corneous, convex on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, subconvex, corneous segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0  × as long as wide. In dorsal view basic and parallel-sided, type 2, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly, abundantly covered with long hair-like setae; anterior margin with four serrations, median pair larger. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit pronounced, at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, narrow coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.7  × as long as wide, 1.7  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum small. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 70%, then acutely rounded to apex, apex entire. Disc shagreened, dull; striae minutely punctate, each puncture bearing a recumbent hair-like seta the length of three punctures; interstriae flat, minutely, densely punctate, unarmed, each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Declivity steep, occupying ~1/3 of elytra, shagreened, shiny, declivital face weakly convex; striae 1 and 2 deeply impressed, striae 3 weakly impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-erect seta as long as three punctures; interstriae 2 deeply sulcate; interstriae densely granulate, granules large, separated by the distance of one granule, interstriae densely setose, setae long thick erect scale-like, twice as long as interstriae 1 width. Posterolateral margin apically produced, sharply carinate. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with eight large, socketed denticles. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Emily Blunt, Sergeant Rita Vrataski, the 'Angel of  Verdun’ is the heroine in the movie 'Edge of  Tomorrow’ (2014). The granulate elytral gives the species an armored appearance reminiscent of the  character’s combat jacket. Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Brazil (  Rondônia ). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D717AAB23805376A38720D0B6D5BDB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
8B4E565D41E3576CA48141B23574D452.text	8B4E565D41E3576CA48141B23574D452.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptoborus yar Smith & Cognato 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Coptoborus yar sp. nov. Figure 19G-I, L </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype, female, Ecuador: Fco. Orellana, P.N.  Yasuní , 00°40'32"S, 76°21'19"W, 250 m, 19.ii.2005, I.  Rodríguez (PUCE). Paratype, female, as holotype except: Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 00°38.189'S, 76°08.965'W, 223 m, 3-9.VI.2011, S.M. Smith (MSUC, 1). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> 2.8-2.9 mm (mean = 2.85 mm; n = 2), 2.8-2.9  × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the elytral apex strongly acuminate, declivital interstriae 2 granulate near apex, declivity rounded, with a very short carina on posterolateral margin extending from apex to interstriae 2, and elytral discal interstriae 2 with two rows of confused punctures. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> C. attenuatus ,  C. bellus ,  C. katniss ,  C. sagitticauda ,  C. sarahconnor ,  C. sicula . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (female). 2.8-2.9 mm (mean = 2.85 mm; n = 2), 2.8-2.9  × as long as wide (holotype 2.8 mm, 2.8  × as long as wide). Body, antennae and legs light brown. Head: epistoma tuberculate. Frons dull, finely punctate, setose; each puncture bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes narrowly and moderately emarginate. Submentum large, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, shorter than club. Pedicel shorter than funicle. Club longer than wide, flat, type 4; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/4; segment 2 narrow, subconvex, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.0-1.2  × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly, abundantly covered with long hair-like setae; anterior margin with/out serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 3/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad fine asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Elytra: 1.8  × as long as wide, 1.8  × as long as pronotum. Scutellum minute. Elytra attenuate, parallel-sided in basal 2/3, then acutely narrowed to acuminate apex. Disc smooth, shiny; strial punctures large, shallow, glabrous; interstriae flat, minutely, densely punctate, unarmed, interstriae 2 with two rows of confused punctures, each puncture bearing a long semi-recumbent seta. Declivity gradually rounded, occupying ~2/5 of elytra, smooth, shiny, declivital face strongly convex; striae not impressed, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc, each puncture bearing a semi-recumbent seta as long as two punctures; interstriae flat, minutely granulate, granules becoming denser towards apex, interstriae 1-7 each with a row of moderately long thick erect setae, as long as the width of interstriae 1; interstriae 1 with an additional row of slightly shorter erect hair-like setae. Posterolateral margin with a very short carina extending from apex to interstriae 2. Legs: protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six large, socketed denticles, their length longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with nine and ten large, socketed denticles, respectively. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Portrayed by Denise Crosby, Tasha Yar is a heroine in the first season of 'Star Trek: The Next  Generation’ (1987). Noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ecuador (Orellana).</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B4E565D41E3576CA48141B23574D452	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Smith, Sarah M.;Cognato, Anthony I.	Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2021): A revision of the Neotropical genus Coptoborus Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini). ZooKeys 1044: 609-720, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.62246
