identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F587C0FFF0E160FF7FFA03FA14FF18.text	03F587C0FFF0E160FF7FFA03FA14FF18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora brasiliana Martens 1870	<div><p>1. Cladophora brasiliana Martens (1870: 297). Map 1; Figs. 1A–B</p> <p>Thalli delicate, dark green, specimens with (0.5 –) 1.9 (– 2.5) cm height, attached by branched basal rhizoids, having an irregular organization. Main axis without ramifications in the distal regions. Apical cells long, cylindrical with rounded or slightly tapered tips, measuring (28 –) 36 (– 41) µm wide and (158 –) 247 (– 352) µm long with L/W ratio (5 –) 8 (– 12); terminal branch cells measuring (34 –) 43 (– 55) µm wide and (192 –) 273 (– 363) µm long, with L/W ratio (5.0 –) 7 (– 9); main axis cells measuring (77 –) 93 (– 117) µm wide and (497 –) 638 (– 800) µm long with L/W ratio (5 –) 7 (– 10).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Macaé, Lagoa do Açu, 20/X/2000, Taouil (PEUFR 42629); Rio de Janeiro, Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, 19/IX/2001, Nassar (PEUFR 42630); 26/ VIII/2002, Nassar (PEUFR 42631).</p> <p>Comments: the specimens were observed growing as epiphytes on Ulva spp. or Poaceae, and corresponded to the descriptions of Taylor (1960) and Hoek (1982). However, our specimens showed higher cellular diameters compared with those authors. C. brasiliana is a shallow water species and, according to Taylor (1960), perhaps from brackish waters. Although the type locality is the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon (Rio de Janeiro State — Oliveira-Filho 1977), C. brasiliana was also found typically in marine environments, such as Atol das Rocas (Oliveira-Filho &amp; Ugadim 1976), but in this study it was restricted to Rio de Janeiro State.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFF0E160FF7FFA03FA14FF18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
03F587C0FFF0E161FF7FFD68FA1BFA6A.text	03F587C0FFF0E161FF7FFD68FA1BFA6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora Kutzing 1843	<div><p>Artificial key to species of Cladophora from the Brazilian coast</p> <p>1 Thallus attached by rhizoids with annular constriction............................................................................... C. prolifera</p> <p>- Thallus attached by rhizoids without annular constriction........................................................................................... 2</p> <p>2 Attachment by rhizoids sprouting from basal cells and sprouting along the thallus.................................................... 3</p> <p>- Attachment by rhizoids sprouting only from basal cells.............................................................................................. 4</p> <p>3 Unicellular rhizoids originating from basal cells and sprouting from the proximal extremity of the cells when present along the main axis.................................................................................................................................... C. coelothrix</p> <p>- Basal or hapteroidal rhizoids formed on the extremities of apical cells; unilateral ramification, with branches laterally inserted and separated by a cross wall; apical cells measuring (195–) 229.3 (–274) µm width, L/W (6–) 11 (–17)...................................................................................................................................................................... C. catenata</p> <p>4 Thallus with abundant ramification, in only one plane, with opposite branches more or less equally developed; conical apical cells with tapered tip..................................................................................................................... C. ordinata</p> <p>- Ramification in more than one plane............................................................................................................................ 5</p> <p>5 Thallus stiff, sparsely branched, irregularly organized: apical cells with rounded tip................................ C. rupestris</p> <p>- Thallus flaccid to slightly stiff, with acropetally organized branch systems, grass green to dark, abundant ramification.............................................................................................................................................................................. 6</p> <p>6 Thallus up to 4.5 cm high, diameter of apical cells less than 50 µm........................................................................... 7</p> <p>- Thallus up to 13 cm high; diameter of apical cells more than 50 µm....................................................... C. vagabunda</p> <p>7 Long apical cells, with slightly rounded tips, with (28–) 36 (–42) µm wide, L/W (5–) 8 (–12)............... C. brasiliana</p> <p>- Apical cells shorter....................................................................................................................................................... 8</p> <p>8 Thallus grass green, falcate to refract-falcate branch system; apical cells (30 –) 38 (– 47) µm wide, L/W (3 –) 5 (– 7)..................................................................................................................................................................... C. dalmatica</p> <p>- Thallus dark green, straight branches; apical cells with (24–) 30 (–35) µm wide, L/W (2–) 3 (–4).... C. montagneana</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFF0E161FF7FFD68FA1BFA6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
03F587C0FFF1E166FF7FF9A4FB05FA33.text	03F587C0FFF1E166FF7FF9A4FB05FA33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora catenata (L.) Kütz. emend. Hoek 1963	<div><p>2. Cladophora catenata (L.) Kütz. emend. Hoek (1963). Map 1; Figs. 1C–E</p> <p>Conferva catenata Linnaeus (1753:1166).</p> <p>Thalli dark green to black, forming stiff cushions, (2 –) 2.5 (– 3) cm high, attached to the substrate by basal and/or hapteroid rhizoids that sprouted on the tips of apical cells. Unilateral ramification, with laterally inserted branches cut off by a transverse wall. Apical cells long and rounded or tapered gradually to the tip. Apical cells (195 –) 229 (– 274) µm wide and (1236 –) 2492 (– 3892) µm long, with L/W ratio of (6 –) 11 (– 17). Lateral branch cells (188 –) 218.5 (– 256) µm wide and (762 –) 988 (– 1221) µm long, with L/W ratio of (3 –) 4.5 – (6). Main axis cells usually curved and almost prostrate, measuring (199 –) 241.5 (– 292) µm wide and (758 –) 1073 (– 1496) µm long, with L/W ratio of (3 –) 4.5 (– 6). The fungus Blodgettia bornetii E.P. Wright (1881:25) was always present along cell walls of thalli.</p> <p>Representative specimens examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Praia de Itapuama, 20 Jun. 2001, Gestinari (PEUFR 42573); Praia de Pedra do Xaréu, 08 Oct. 1998, Cavalcanti (PEUFR 42577); 09 May 2001, Gestinari (PEUFR 42574); 22 Jun. 2001, Gestinari (PEUFR 42575); Praia Enseada dos Corais, 16 Oct. 2001, Gestinari (PEUFR 42572); Bahia: Porto Seguro, Praia de Mucugê, 12 Mar. 2001, Nunes (ALCB 53339, 53335); Entre Rios, Praia de Subaúma, 05 May 2000, Nunes (ALCB 49408, 49407); Salvador, Praia de Stella Maris, 17 Apr. 2000, Nunes (ALCB 49401).</p> <p>Additional representative specimens examined: USA. Florida: Cape Florida, Miami Beach, 1923, Brooks &amp; Brooks (UC 690740); NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Curaçao: St. Joris-binnenbaai, 11 Mar. 1958, Vroman (L 0441625); San Pedro, 07 Jun. 1968, Hoek (L 0441597); PORTO RICO. Yabucoa: Jul. 1973, Rehm (L 0441633); Ponce: Caja de Muertos, 14 Jul.1975, Almodovar et al. (L 0441628).</p> <p>Comments: Specimens were collected growing in the midlittoral zone on plateaus of the sandstone reef from Pernambuco and Bahia. These specimens were accompanied by Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) Agardh (1823: 400), Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskål) BΦrgesen (1932: 2), Phyllodictyon anastomosans (Harvey) Kraft &amp; Wynne (1996: 139), Hydroclathrus clathratus (Agardh) Howe (1920: 590), Dictyopteris delicatula Lamouroux (1809: 332), Dictyota mertensii (Martius) Kützing (1859: 15), D. pulchella Hörnig &amp; Schnetter (1988: 287), Padina gymnospora (Kützing) Sonder (1871: 47), Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini (1840: 2), Jania adhaerens Lamouroux (1816: 270), Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux (1813: 43), Bryothamnion seaforthii (Turner) Kützing (1843a: 433), Digenea simplex (Wulfen) Agardh (1822: 389), Palisada perforata (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Nam (2007: 54) and Osmundaria obtusiloba (Agardh) Norris (1991: 14). The specimens also grew as epiphytes on Laurencia dendroidea Agardh (1852: 753) and Palisada perforata. In addition, we observed C. catenata as a host to A. stellata, Pneophyllum fragile Kützing (1843b: 385), Ceramium vagans P.C.Silva in Silva et al. (1987: 56), diatoms and cyanobacteria.</p> <p>The representatives of C. catenata from Pernambuco showed a slightly higher cell width than those from Bahia. There are records of this species along the Brazilian coast in the following areas: Ceará (Oliveira-Filho 1977), Rio Grande do Norte (as C. fuliginosa Kützing (1849: 415) by Pereira et al. 1980), Pernambuco (Pereira et al. 2002) and Rio de Janeiro (Gestinari et al. 1998). However, the collected representatives from Reserva Biológica Estadual da Praia do Sul na Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro (Gestinari et al. 1998) are actually the species C. corallicola. No herbarium specimens of C. catenata were from the Pernambuco littoral zone, although Pereira et al. (2002) had recorded its occurrence. The studied specimens matched descriptions of species from the North Atlantic (Taylor 1960; Hoek 1982), the Mediterranean (Hoek 1963), Japan and eastern Russia (Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000). We observed the characteristic presence of fungi in the cell walls (Hoek 1963, 1982; Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000). The species C. catenata was thought to be restricted to the tropical shores of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, its northernmost boundary being the shores of Japan in the Pacific Ocean (Hoek 1969, Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000), but recently Leliaert &amp; Coppejans (2003) collected this species from the South-Western Indian Ocean (South Africa). Our study provides the first record from Bahia.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFF1E166FF7FF9A4FB05FA33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
03F587C0FFF7E165FF7FF9CEFD66FA1C.text	03F587C0FFF7E165FF7FF9CEFD66FA1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora coelothrix Kutzing 1843	<div><p>3. Cladophora coelothrix Kützing (1843a: 272.). Map 1; Figs. 1F–G</p> <p>Thalli dark green to olive-colored, forming tufts or dense stiff cushions. Specimens (1 –) 3 (– 4) cm high (in some cases, reaching 9 cm in height). Species attachment by unicellular rhizoids sprouting from basal cells, formed at the basal poles of the main axis cells. Ramification pseudo-dichotomous or unilateral. Apical cells with rounded tips, measuring (81 –) 98 (– 118) µm wide and (520 –) 786 (– 1054) µm long with L/W ratio of (6 –) 8 (– 11). Cells of ultimate branches (83 –) 99 (– 116) µm wide and (496 –) 627 (– 792) µm long with L/W ratio (5 –) 7 (– 9). Cells of the main axes (92 –) 109 (– 123) µm wide and (618 –) 818 (– 1067) µm long with L/W ratio (6 –) 8 (– 11).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined: BRAZIL: Piauí: Luís Corrêa, Praia do Coqueiro, 14/V/1999, Batista (PEUFR 42547); Paraíba: João Pessoa, Ponta do Cabo Branco, 07 Oct. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Kanagawa (PEUFR 42548); Jacumã, Praia do Conde, 31 Jan. 1982, Kanagawa (JPB 10677; SPF 25045); Pernambuco: Goiana, Praia de Carne de Vaca, 20 Jul. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42549); Recife, Praia de Boa Viagem, 30 Sept. 2000, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42564); 11 Mar.2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42565); Ipojuca, Praia de Cupe, 21 Jun.2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42553); Praia de Porto de Galinhas, 29 Sept. 2000, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42557); Praia de Serrambi, 13 Nov.2000, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42560); Alagoas: Maceió, Praia das Sereias, 04 Oct. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Guedes (PEUFR 42569); Bahia: Uruçuca, Praia de Serra Grande, 08 Oct. 1995, Nunes et al. (ALCB 49394, 34788); Mata de São João, Praia do Forte, 05 May 2000, Nunes et al. (ALCB 49402); Ilha de Itaparica, Barra do Gil, 28 Nov. 1981, Ugadim (SPF 29737)); Espírito Santo: Aracruz, Praia de Portocel, 30 Jun. 2003, Nassar (PEUFR 42570); Rio de Janeiro: Búzios, Praia Rasa, 09 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42571); Santa Catarina: Laguna, Ponta do Iró, 05 Nov. 1952, Joly (SP 115280).</p> <p>Additional representative specimens examined: TRINIDAD: Chakachacane: Perruquier Bay, 09 Mar. 1958, Richardson (L 0441639). PUERTO RICO: Guajataca: North Coast, 01 Jan. 1962, Bernatowicz (L 0441732).</p> <p>Comments: The specimens formed tufts or dense cushions on rocky shores (PI, ES, RJ, SC) and formed dense cushions on reef plateaus (PB, PE, AL). Some specimens grew epiphytic on Phyllodictyon anastomosans, Valonia macrophysa Kützing (1843a: 307), Jania adhaerens, Bryocladia thyrsigera (J.Agardh) F.Schmitz in Falkenberg (1901: 169) and Laurencia sp. Among the accompanying species, we most commonly found Ulva spp., Cladophora dalmatica, C. montagneana, C. prolifera, Cladophoropsis membranacea (Hofman Bang ex C.Agardh) Børgesen (1905: 289), Valonia macrophysa, Dictyota pulchella, Padina gymnospora, Hypnea musciformis, Acanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen (1910: 201) and Palisada perforata. In addition, we observed that C. coelothrix was a host to Ulva sp., Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyn) Agardh (1883: 15), Pneophyllum fragile, Gayliella flaccida (Harvey ex Kützing) T.O.Cho &amp; L.J.McIvor in Cho et al. (2008: 723), C. vagans, diatoms and cyanobacteria.</p> <p>Molecular phylogentic studies reveal that C. coelothrix is placed in the Siphonocladales-clade, along with a number of other Cladophora species, including C. aokii Yamada (1925: 85), C. prolifera, C. socialis Kützing (1849: 416), C. liebetruthii Grunow in Piccone (1884: 53), C. catenata and C. sibogae Reinbold (1905: 146) (Bakker et al. 1994, Leliaert et al. 2003 &amp; 2007, Brodie et al. 2007), and according to recent phylogenetic studies based on LSU rDNA C. coelothrix is not a monophyletic taxon (Leliaert et al. 2007).</p> <p>Cladophora coelothrix is distributed from Piauí to the coast of Santa Catarina, being a very common species in intertidal zones. We found little variation in cell width and in L/W ratio. Samples from Espírito Santo had the highest values. The specimens that we analyzed fit descriptions of species in the Mediterranean (Hoek 1963), the North Atlantic (Hoek 1982), the west coast of tropical Africa (Lawson &amp; John 1982), South Australia (Hoek &amp; Womersley 1984) and the coast of Japan (Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000). According to Hoek &amp; Chihara (2000), C. coelothrix has a worldwide distribution in tropical seas and it penetrates into subtropical and warm-temperate margins of the southern and northern hemispheres. In Europe, a cold water-adapted ecotype reaches the shores of the British Channel.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFF7E165FF7FF9CEFD66FA1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
03F587C0FFF4E16BFF7FF9B4FEC0FA87.text	03F587C0FFF4E16BFF7FF9B4FEC0FA87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora dalmatica Kutzing 1843	<div><p>4. Cladophora dalmatica Kützing (1843a: 268–269). Map 1; Figs. 2A–C</p> <p>Thalli delicate, grass-green to pale, measuring (1.5 –) 3.0 (– 4.5) cm high, in some cases reaching 12 cm in height, attached by rhizoids from basal cells, composed of pseudodichotomously and trichotomously to unilateral branching main axes; branches falcate to refract-falcate, apically inserted. Apical cells cylindrical with slightly rounded tips, (30 –) 38 (– 47) µm wide and (129 –) 191 (– 263.5) µm long, with L/W ratio (3 –) 5 (– 7); terminal branch cells measuring (38 –) 47 (– 58) µm wide and (182.5 –) 246 (– 324) µm long, with L/W ratio (4 –) 5 (– 7); main axis cells measuring (81 –) 102 (– 124.5) µm wide and (501 –) 639 (– 834) µm long, with L/W ratio (4.5 –) 6 (– 9). Fertile specimens were collected from Cambaião Island, Três Ilhas Archipelago (Espírito Santo State).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined: BRAZIL. Piauí: Luís Corrêa, Praia do Coqueiro, 14 May 1999, Batista (PEUFR 30782); Ilha Grande, Praia da Pedra do Sal, 13 Jun 1999, Batista (PEUFR 30784); Ceará: Caucaia, Praia do Pacheco, 17/X/2001, Xavier et al. (PEUFR 42633, 42634); Paraíba: João Pessoa, Ponta do Cabo Branco, 07 Oct. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Kanagawa (PEUFR 42635); Pernambuco: Goiana, Praia de Carne de Vaca, 22 May 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42636); Ipojuca, Praia de Porto de Galinhas, 19 Jul. 2001, Gestinari (PEUFR 42646); Praia de Serrambi, 26 Apr. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42647); 12 Nov. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42648); Bahia: Cairú, Praia do Morro de São Paulo, 26 Aug. 2000, Nunes et al. (ALCB 49400); Espírito Santo: Arquipélago de Três Ilhas, Ilha de Cambaião, 25 Jan. 2000, Nassar (PEUFR); Rio de Janeiro: Búzios, Praia Rasa, 09 Jan. /2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42649); Cabo Frio, Praia das Conchas, 10 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42650, 42651); Rio de Janeiro, Praia do Arpoador, 17 Dec. 2002, Nassar (PEUFR 42652).</p> <p>Comments: Specimens were collected epilithic on rocky shores (ES, RJ), boulders (PI), sandstone reef plateaus (PE, PB, BA), tide pools (CE), or epiphytic on Avrainvillea longicaulis (Kützing) Murray &amp; Boodle (1889: 70), Sphacelaria tribuloides, Jania adhaerens, Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis (1863: 139), Bryothamnion seaforthii and Palisada perforata. Among the accompanying species, we most commonly found Ulva sp., Cladophora coelothrix, C. montagneana, C. vagabunda, Chondracanthus acicularis (Roth) Fredericq in Hommersand et al. (1993: 117), Jania capillacea, Hypnea musciformis, Gelidiopsis variabilis (Grev. ex J. Agardh) Schmitz (1895: 148) and Centroceras sp. Additionally, Cladophora dalmatica was the host to Ulva flexuosa Wulfen (1803: xxii, 1), U. lactuca, Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kützing (1849: 379), Ceramium brasiliense Joly (1957: 148), C. brevizonatum var. caraibicum H.E.Petersen &amp; BΦrgesen in BΦrgesen (1924: 29), Polysiphonia subtilissima Montagne (1840: 199), diatoms and cyanobacteria.</p> <p>Cladophora dalmatica is morphologically related to C. vagabunda: C. dalmatica has thinner apical cells while C. vagabunda has broader apical cells (Hoek 1982). Although this criterion seems weak, they were considered as distinct species since both can be found under the same environmental conditions where they were collected (CE, PB, PE, BA, ES, RJ). Along the Brazilian coast, C. dalmatica occurs from Piauí littoral to the north of Rio de Janeiro State, being the first record for Ceará, Bahia, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro States. With the exception of the specimens collected from Ceará littoral, in which the apical cells were slightly wider, the apical cells of the representatives studied showed little variation. The studied specimens matched descriptions of species in the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic (Hoek 1963 &amp; 1982) and the coasts of Japan and the Russian Far East (Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000), but were smaller and thinner than those from Africa (Lawson &amp; John 1982). They also matched descriptions of Brazilian specimens (Kanagawa 1984). According to Hoek &amp; Chihara (2000), C. dalmatica is probably a cosmopolitan species which is widely distributed in tropical and warm-temperate waters of both hemispheres, in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFF4E16BFF7FF9B4FEC0FA87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
03F587C0FFFAE16AFF7FFA5AFE15F95B.text	03F587C0FFFAE16AFF7FFA5AFE15F95B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora montagneana Kutzing 1849	<div><p>5. Cladophora montagneana Kützing (1849: 415). Map 1; Figs. 2D–F</p> <p>Thalli delicate, lubricous, dark to dull green, measuring (1.5 –) 2 (– 3.5) cm high, sometimes 11 cm in height, attached to the substrate by basal rhizoids. Organization irregular, with branches apically or laterally inserted, sometimes subterminally, in distal regions of the main axis. Pseudodichotomous to unilateral ramification. Apical cells tapering, slightly tapering or cylindrical, measuring (24 –) 30 (– 35.5) µm wide and (64 –) 93 (– 118) µm long, with L/W ratio (2 –) 3 (– 4); terminal branches cells measuring (30 –) 37.5 (– 47) µm wide and (90 –) 115 (– 147) µm long with L/W ratio (2 –) 3 (– 4); main axis cells measuring (57 –) 72 (– 90.5) µm wide and (183 –) 256 (– 340) µm long with L/W ratio (2.5 –) 3.5 (– 5). Fertile specimens were collected from Cabo Branco Point (PB) and Capuba Beach (ES).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined: BRAZIL. Ceará: Caucaia, Praia do Pacheco, 17 Sep. 2001, Xavier et al. (PEUFR 42653); 18 Sep. 2001 Xavier et al. (PEUFR 42655); 17 Oct. 2001 Xavier et al. (PEUFR 42656); Paraíba: João Pessoa, Ponta do Cabo Branco, 07 Oct. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Kanagawa (PEUFR 42657); Pernambuco: Goiana, Praia de Carne de Vaca, 20 Jul. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42658); Recife, Praia de Boa Viagem, 30 Sep. 2000, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42659); 26 May 2001, Torres (PEUFR 42662); Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Praia de Pedra do Xaréu, 22 Jun. 2001, Gestinari (PEUFR 42666, 42667); Ipojuca, Praia de Serrambi, 26 Apr. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42670); Bahia: Uruçuca, Praia de Serra Grande, 08 Oct. 1995, Nunes et al. (ALCB 49395; 49394; 34795; 34790); Ilhéus, Praia do Gravatá, 25 Aug. 2000, Nunes et al. (ALCB53340); 09 Feb. 2001, Nunes et al. (ALCB 53337); Cairú, Praia do Morro de São Paulo, 26 Aug. 2000, Nunes et al. (ALCB 49400); Espírito Santo: Serra, Nova Aldeia, Praia da Capuba, 30 Jun. 1992, Guimarães et al. (PEUFR 42672); Arquipélago de Três Ilhas, Ilha de Cambaião, 25 Jan. 2001, Nassar (PEUFR 42673); Vitória, Ilha de Vitória, 17 May 2000, Rodrigues (PEUFR 42674); Praia Mole, 28 Jun. /2003, Nassar (PEUFR 42675); Rio de Janeiro: Cabo Frio, Praia das Conchas, 10 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42676); Arraial do Cabo, Prainha, 11 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42677); Rio de Janeiro, Prainha, 13 Jun. 2003, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42678); São Paulo: Ilha do Cardoso, Ponta do Itacuruçá, 23 Jun. 1966, Ugadim (SPF 749); Paraná: Paranaguá, Ilha do Mel, 24 Apr.1969, Hatschbach &amp; Guimarães (UPCB 9958); Caiobá, Ilha do Farol, 05 Jun. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Shirata (PEUFR); Santa Catarina: Ilha de Santa Catarina, Praia de Ponta das Canas, 24 May 2001, Gestinari &amp; Ouriques (PEUFR 42680); Rio Grande do Sul: Torres, Torre Sul, 28 May 2001, Gestinari &amp; Baptista (PEUFR 42681).</p> <p>Comments: Epilithic specimens were collected on boulders and on rocky shores (RJ, ES, PR, SC, RS), tide pools on a sandstone reef plateau (CE), frontal region of sandstones reefs (PB, PE, BA), or as epiphytic on larger seaweeds such as Cladophora prolifera, Dictyopteris delicatula, Chondracanthus acicularis, Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmann &amp; Hamel (1934: 533), Gelidium pusillum, Cryptonemia seminervis (C.Agardh) Agardh (1846: pl. XVII), Bryothamnion triquetrum (S.G.Gmelin) Howe (1915: 222), Digenea simplex and Laurencia sp. Epizoic on Brachydontes sp. shells. Among the accompanying species, we most commonly found Ulva flexuosa, U. lingulata de Candolle in Lamarck &amp; de Candole (1805: 14), Chaetomorpha aerea, Cladophora coelothrix, C. dalmatica, C. ordinata, C. prolifera, C. vagabunda, Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux (1809: 333), Gelidium pusillum, C entroceras sp., Bryothamnion seaforthii, Acrothamnion butlerae (F.S.Collins) Kylin (1956: 375), Herposiphonia secunda f. tenella (C. Agardh) Wynne (1985: 173). Also, it was the host to Entocladia viridis Reinke (1879: 476), Ulvella sp., Hincksia mitchelliae (Harvey) Silva et al. (1987: 73), Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) Drew (1956: 72), Centroceras sp., Ceramium brasiliense, C. brevizonatum var. caraibicum, diatoms and cyanobacteria.</p> <p>The representatives collected along the Brazilian coast presented a slight variation in cell width, and matched descriptions by Hoek (1982) from North Atlantic specimens and Hoek &amp; Womersley (1984) from South Australian specimens; however their apical cells were thicker than the specimens analyzed by Lawson &amp; John (1982) from the west coast of Africa. They also correspond to the descriptions by Kanagawa (1984) from Paraíba and by Yoneshigue (1985) from Cabo Frio (RJ) area, where morphological variations were found according to collection site, as well as the descriptions by Taylor (1960), Ugadim (1973) and Santos (1983) as Cladophora delicatula. C. montagneana is a very common species, being found from Ceará to Rio Grande do Sul. It differs from C. albida by never exhibiting a refract to refract-falcate terminal branch system with distintic acropetal organization. It also differs from C. brasiliana, another narrow species, by having smaller cells. According to Hoek (1982), C. montagneana belongs to the amphiatlantic tropical distribution group, being quite common along the rocky shores of both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, and it extends into the warm-temperate region along the American shores. It is the first record of this species in Ceará, Bahia and Espírito Santo States.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFFAE16AFF7FFA5AFE15F95B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
03F587C0FFFBE169FF7FF8F6FEA4FA1C.text	03F587C0FFFBE169FF7FF8F6FEA4FA1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora ordinata (Bfrgesen) Hoek 1979	<div><p>6. Cladophora ordinata (Bfrgesen) Hoek (1979). Map 1; Fig. 4A</p> <p>Willeella ordinata BΦrgesen (1930:155).</p> <p>Tufts erect, slightly stiff, grass-green in color. Specimens measuring (4–) 5 (–6) cm high (sometimes 8 cm high), attached to the substrate by branched rhizoids that sprouted from the proximal end of basal cells. Ramification abundant in one plane with opposite branches more or less equally developed. Conical apical cells with tapered tips measuring (46 –) 55 (– 65) µm wide and (115 –) 162 (– 233) µm long., with L/W ratio of (2 –) 3 (– 4). Ultimate branch cells measuring (86 –) 97 (– 110) µm wide and (178 –) 282 (– 394) µm long, with L/W ratio of (2 –) 3 (– 4). Main axes cells measuring (115 –) 140 (– 164) µm wide and (592 –) 771 (– 1006) µm long, with L/W ratio of (5 –) 6 (– 9).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined: BRAZIL: Ceará: Caucaia, Praia do Pacheco, 17 Sept. 2001, Xavier (PEUFR 42759); 18 Sept. 2001, Xavier (PEUFR 42760); Icapuí, Praia de Redonda, 15 Apr. 1995, Fontenele (HPB 4523); Bahia: Ilhéus, Praia do Gravatá, 25 Aug. 2000, Nunes et al. (ALCB 53340); Espírito Santo: Aracruz, Praia dos Padres, 18 Aug. 1986, Guimarães et al. (PEUFR 42762); Praia de Aracruz, 22 Jan. 2001, Nassar (PEUFR 42763); Praia de Portocel, 20 Jun. 2001, Nassar (PEUFR 42764); Serra, Praia de Carapebus, 03 Jun. 2003, Nassar (PEUFR 42765).</p> <p>Comments: Epilithic thalli were found attached to the substrate and were collected from tide pools exposed to wave action or on sand, partially submersed or from the frontal area of sandstone reefs (CE, BA, ES). The species grows close to C. montagneana, C. prolifera, C. vagabunda, Centroceras sp., Jania adhaerens and Chondracanthus acicularis. The thalli of C. ordinata have the following epiphytes: Pneophyllum fragile Kützing (1843b: 385), Ceramium vagans Silva et al (1987: 56), benthic diatoms and cyanobacteria.</p> <p>Along the Brazilian coast, C. ordinata occurs from Ceará to the south of Espírito Santo, confirming the tropical distribution of this species. Cell dimensions were very similar in specimens from Ceará, Bahia and Espírito Santo.</p> <p>Cladophora ordinata is the most characteristic species of the genus due to its ramification pattern. Therefore, there are no difficulties in identifying this species. Previously, Willeella was considered a separate genus from Cladophora, but Hoek (1982) argued that the characteristics that distinguished it from its closely related species (C. jongiorum, C. sericea and C. albida) were insufficient to consider it a separate genus. The specimens studied match descriptions of C. ordinata from the American North Atlantic (Hoek 1982) and Japan (Hoek &amp; Chirara 2000). According to Hoek &amp; Chihara (2000), C. ordinata is a sub-tidal species from the open sea and is only collected from deep water. However, in Venezuela C. ordinata was found growing attached to stones in areas of moderate wave action and approximately 1 – 2 m in depth (Hoek 1982). In Japan, C. ordinata occurs on sandy bottoms, pebbles, stones and on crustose coralline algae in water that is 25 – 30 m deep. Off the west coast of Africa, specimens (as W. ordinata) were collected from water 8 – 14 m deep (Lawson &amp; John 1982). Recently, Yoneshigue-Valentin et al. (2006) recorded the occurrence of C. ordinata (as W. ordinata) in deep water (58 m) off the south coast of Bahia (16°47’14’’S and 038°41’33’’W). Cladophora ordinata belongs to the tropical amphiatlantic group and has been collected in the Caribbean, the tropical Indian Ocean (Silva et al. 1996), and Japan, its northern limit (Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000). In Brazil, the boundary of its distribution is the south of Espírito Santo. This study presents the first record of this species from Ceará.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFFBE169FF7FF8F6FEA4FA1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
03F587C0FFF8E16EFF7FF9BFFD04FDD3.text	03F587C0FFF8E16EFF7FF9BFFD04FDD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kutzing 1843	<div><p>7. Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kützing (1843a: 271). Map 1; Figs. 3A–C</p> <p>Conferva prolifera Roth (1797: 182).</p> <p>Thalli dark green to dark brown forming stiff dense tufts up to (4.0 –) 6.0 (– 9.0) cm high (sometimes reaching 60 cm in height), attached to the substrate by rhizoids with annular constrictions that sprouted from old cells in basal regions of the main axes. Terminal branches with dense ramification inserted on the distal or subapical portion of the cell. Apical cells cylindrical or slightly tapered with rounded tips. Apical cells measuring (123 –) 146 (– 170) µm wide and (588 –) 802 (– 1116) µm long, with L/W ratio of (4 –) 5 (– 7). Ultimate branch cells(139 –) 165 (– 199) µm wide and (544 –) 689 (– 907) µm long, with L/W ratio of (3 –) 4 (– 6). Main axis cells (215 –) 268 (– 328) µm wide and (1824 –) 2685 (– 3770) µm long, with L/W ratio of (7 –) 10 (– 15). Fertile specimens were collected from Pititinga Beach (RN) and Enseada dos Corais Beach (PE).</p> <p>Representative specimens examined: BRAZIL: Piauí: Luís Corrêa, 14 May 1999, Batista (PEUFR 30638); Praia de Maramar, 14 May 1999, Batista (PEUFR 30630); Cajueiro da Praia, Praia da Barra Grande, 16 May 1999, Batista (PEUFR 30626); Ceará: Caucaia, Praia do Pacheco, 29 Jan. 2002, Xavier et al. (PEUFR 42589); Rio Grande do Norte: Pititinga, Praia de Pititinga, Jan. 2002, Soriano (PEUFR 42590); Búzios, Praia de Búzios, 20 Jan. 1981, Araújo (PEUFR 4911); Paraíba: João Pessoa, Ponta do Cabo Branco, 07 Oct. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Kanagawa (PEUFR 42591); 08 Oct. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Kanagawa (PEUFR 42592); Pernambuco: Recife, Praia de Boa Viagem, 30 Sept. 2000, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42593); 23 Jun 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42595); Ipojuca, Praia de Serrambi, 12 Dec. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42607); Alagoas: Maceió, Praia das Sereias, 04 Oct. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Guedes (PEUFR); Bahia: Uruçuca, Praia de Serra Grande, 05 Oct. 1995, Nunes et al. (ALCB 53336); Ilhéus, Praia do Olivenço, 23 Nov. 1995, Nunes et al. (ALCB 49398); Praia do Gravatá, 25 Aug. 2000, Nunes et al. (ALCB 53340); Conde, Praia do Sítio do Conde, 04 Jul. 1997, Nunes et al. (ALCB 53338); Espírito Santo: Serra, Manguinhos, Praia da Baleia, 20 Aug. 1986, Guimarães et al. (PEUFR 42610); Nova Aldeia, Praia da Capuba, 30 Jun. 1992, Guimarães et al. (PEUFR 42611); Aracruz, Praia de Portocel, 19 Aug. 1986, Guimarães et al. (PEUFR 42612); 29/VI/2000, Nassar et al. (PEUFR 42614); 30 Jun. 2000, Nassar et al. (PEUFR 42615); Guarapari, Praia de Setiba, 19 May 2000, Nassar (PEUFR 42622); Rio de Janeiro: Búzios, Praia Rasa, 09 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42623); Cabo Frio, Praia das Conchas, 10 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42624, 42625); São Paulo: Ubatuba, Praia Vermelha do Norte, 19 Aug. 1962, Joly (SP 96391); São Vicente, Ilha Porchat, 01 May 1950, Joly (SPF 295); Paraná: Paranaguá, Ilha do Mel, Ponta do Morro do Meio, 14 May 1988, Shirata &amp; Kawata (HUCP 986); Gestinari &amp; Shirata (PEUFR 42627); Caiobá, Ilha do Farol, 06 Jun. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Shirata (PEUFR 42626); Santa Catarina: Ilha Anhatomirin, 27 Jan. 1982, Cordeiro-Marino et al. (FLOR 14192; 14193; 14194; 14195; 14196); Bombinhas, Praia da Lagoinha, 10 Nov. 1996, Shirata (HUCP 9601); Rio Grande do Sul: Torres, Pedras do Morro do Farol, 28 May 2001, Gestinari &amp; Baptista (PEUFR 42628).</p> <p>Comments: Epilithic tufts were collected along rocky shores from crevices of the rock and from loose large stones (PI, ES, RJ, PR, SC), from intertidal pools (CE, RS) and from the midlittoral zone on the frontal area of sandstone reefs (RN, PB, PE, AL, BA). They were usually found as epiphytes on Sargassum sp., Cryptonemia seminervis, Bryothamnion seaforthii, Gelidium pusillum and Jania adhaerens. Cladophora prolifera was the host to many epiphytes, such as Ulva compressa Linnaeus (1753: 1163), U. flexuosa, U. linza Linnaeus (1753: 1163), U. lactuca Linnaeus (1753: 1163), Chaetomorpha aerea, Cladophora montagneana, Bryopsis sp., Pneophyllum fragille, Hypnea musciformis, Acrothamnion butlerae, Centroceras sp., Ceramium brasiliense, Gayliella flaccida, Griffithsia schousboei Montagne in P.B. Webb (1839: 11), Tiffaniella gorgonea (Montagne) Doty &amp; Meñez (1960: 1380, Heterosiphonia crispella (C.Agardh) Wynne (1985: 87) and many diatoms and cyanobacteria.</p> <p>Cladophora prolifera was distributed along the entire coast, from Piauí to Rio Grande do Sul. The presence of rhizoids with annular constriction is characteristic of C. prolifera, which is a very common species along the Brazilian coast. Changes in environmental conditions do not cause variation in the thallus architecture of this species, making it easily recognized in the field. The examined specimens did not show broad variations in apical cell width, although there was variation in apical cell length along the Brazilian coast. On the other hand, we observed large variation in thallus height. This variation was greatest along the Piauí coast (shallow sites), suggesting that local environmental conditions may enhance the growth of these thalli, since in exposed sites, such the beaches in Petitinga (RN), Gaibu (PE) and Rasa (RJ), the specimens were shorter, thinner and with more resistant rhizoids. Norton et al. (1981) and Lobban &amp; Harrison (1997) had previously noted this morphological modification. In contrast, the thalli from the Parnaiba delta were taller, reaching 60 cm in height (M.G. Batista, pers. comm.).</p> <p>The specimens mostly matched literature descriptions (Taylor 1960; Joly 1965; Hoek 1963 &amp; 1982; Lawson &amp; John 1982; Hoek &amp; Womersley 1984; Burrows 1991; Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000). However, the 60 cm high specimens from Piauí greatly exceed the highest value previously recorded in the literature (25 cm).</p> <p>Molecular phylogentic studies reveal that C. prolifera is placed in the Siphonocladales-clade, along with a number of other Cladophora species, including C. aokii, C. coelothrix, C. socialis, C. liebetruthii, C. catenata and C. sibogae (Bakker et al. 1994, Leliaert et al. 2003, Brodie et al. 2007) and according to Leliaert et al. (2003) is closely related to the Japanese C. aokii.</p> <p>Cladophora prolifera is widely distributed in tropical and warm-temperate seas, both in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as in the Indian Ocean (Taylor 1960; Hoek 1963 &amp; 1982; Hoek &amp; Womersley 1984; Silva et al. 1996). However, this species seems to be rare on the coast of Japan (Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000). This is the first record from Piauí and Alagoas.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFF8E16EFF7FF9BFFD04FDD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
03F587C0FFFFE16DFF7FFD60FD5FFF3F.text	03F587C0FFFFE16DFF7FFD60FD5FFF3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kutzing 1843	<div><p>8. Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kützing (1843a: 270). Map 1; Figs. 3D–F</p> <p>Conferva rupestris Linnaeus (1753: 1167).</p> <p>Tufts stiff, dark green to brown. Specimens measuring (6 –) 7 (– 8) cm high, attached to the substrate by branched rhizoids that sprouted from basal cells. Specimens sparsely branched, eventually forming pseudodichotomy, with different sized ramuli. Apical cells with rounded tips measuring (72 –) 89 (– 111) µm wide and (218 –) 322 (– 486.5) µm long, with L/W ratio of (3 –) 4.5 (– 7). Ultimate branch cells measuring (80 –) 95 (– 115) µm wide and (239 –) 321 (– 397) µm long, with L/W ratio of (2.5 –) 3.5 (– 4.5). Main axis cells measuring (104 –) 130.5 (– 157) µm wide and (407 –) 544 (– 695.5) µm long, with L/W ratio of (2.7 –) 4.1 (– 5.6).</p> <p>Representative Specimens Examined: BRAZIL: Pernambuco: Recife, Praia de Boa Viagem, 30 Sept. 2000, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42749); 28 Oct. 2000, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42750); 26 May 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42751); 23 Jun. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42752); 11 Mar. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42753); 4 Aug. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42754); 16 Oct. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42755); 9 Aug. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42756); Espírito Santo: Aracruz, Praia de Santa Cruz, 24 Apr.1990, Nassar (LIFIC 6285); Ilha de Vitória, Praia de Camburi, 09 Sept. 1991, Nassar (LIFIC 6991); Rio de Janeiro: Niterói, Ilha de Boa Viagem, 24 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42757); 16 Jun. 2003, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42758); São Paulo: Itanhaém, Praia de Peruíbe, 19 May 1966, Ugadim (SPF 740); Paraná: Caiobá, Ilha do Farol, 14 Mar. 1986, Shirata et al. (UPCB 14838); Santa Catarina: Laguna, Ponta do Iró, 10 Nov. 1966, Cordeiro-Marino &amp; Marino (SP 104471).</p> <p>Comments: Epilithic thalli were collected from large loose stones in moderately exposed sites (Boa Viagem Island, Niterói—RJ), from the plateau of a sandstone reef (Praia de Boa Viagem, Recife—PE), or as epiphytes on Gelidium pusillum. Cladophora rupestris grows with other algae such as Ulva flexuosa, Cladophora montagneana, C. vagabunda and Centroceras sp.. Its thallus bears Erythrotrichia carnea, Pneophyllum fragille, Hypnea musciformis, Polysiphonia sp., diatoms and cyanobacteria as epiphytes.</p> <p>Cladophora rupestris was recorded mainly on the coast of Brazilian southeastern and southern regions (ES, RJ, SP, SC), but also in some states in the northeastern region (CE, RN, PB). However, in the present study few samples were found on Boa Viagem beach (PE). According to our data, this species has a gap in its distribution between Pernambuco and Espírito Santo, probably due the lack of studies performed in this area. The specimens collected from Boa Viagem Island (Niterói—RJ) showed cell dimensions higher than those from Boa Viagem Beach (Recife—PE). Although the collected specimens from both states had cell dimensions higher than those from the American and European North Atlantic (Hoek 1963, 1982; Burrows 1991), the littoral zone of Japan and eastern Russia (Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000) and the Brazilian coast (Joly 1957; Yoneshigue-Braga 1970), the general aspect of the thallus and its color match literature descriptions. The dimensions of the specimens studied were similar to those recorded as C. rupestris f. nuda (Harvey) Holmes &amp; Batters ex Batters (1902: 17) from São Paulo by Ugadim (1973). According to Hoek (1963, 1982), C. rupestris belongs to the temperate amphiatlantic group and has the broadest geographical distribution of all species of the genus, surviving in temperatures ranging from –8°C to 30°C. This is the first record of this species in Pernambuco and Espirito Santo States.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFFFE16DFF7FFD60FD5FFF3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
03F587C0FFFCE173FF7FFECAFC51FC8D.text	03F587C0FFFCE173FF7FFECAFC51FC8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladophora vagabunda (Linnaeus) Hoek. 1963	<div><p>9. Cladophora vagabunda (Linnaeus) Hoek. (1963: 144). Map 1; Figs. 4B–F</p> <p>Conferva vagabunda Linnaeus (1753: 1167)</p> <p>Thalli feeble to slightly stiff, forming pompom-like tufts, grass green or pale green, (4 –) 7 (– 13) cm high (sometimes reaching up to 25 cm high), attached to the substrate by a basal disc formed by branching rhizoids sprouting from basal and sub-basal cells. Branching dichotomous in basal part of thallus to unilateral at distal parts, with acropetally organized branch system, straight, fasciculate or falcate. Apical cells cylindrical with tapering tips, sometimes conical, measuring (52 –) 68 (– 90) µm wide and (151 –) 212 (– 288) µm long with L/ W ratio of (2.5 –) 3.5 (– 4.5); terminal branch cells (66 –) 83 (– 103,5) µm wide and (221 –) 286,5 (– 367) µm long with L/W ratio of (3 –) 4 (– 5); main axis cells (157 –) 189 (– 223) µm wide and (895 –) 1292 (– 1691) µm long with L/W ratio of (5 –) 7 (– 9). Fertile specimens were collected from Boa Viagem Beach (PE), Baleia, Capuba and Setiba Beachs (ES), Adão e Eva and Prainha Beachs (RJ), Farol Island and Morro do Meio Point (PR) and Ponta das Canas Beach (SC).</p> <p>Representative Specimens Examined: BRAZIL: Ceará: Caucaia, Praia do Pacheco, 18 Sep. 2001, Xavier (PEUFR 42682); 29 Jan. 2002, Xavier (PEUFR 42685); Paraíba: João Pessoa, Ponta do Cabo Branco, 07 Oct. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Kanagawa (PEUFR 42686); Pernambuco: Recife, Praia de Boa Viagem, 09 Aug. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42697); Alagoas: Maceió, Praia da Ponta Verde, 04 Oct. 2002, Gestinari &amp; Guedes (PEUFR 42709; 42710); Sergipe: Aracaju, Praia da Coroa do Meio, 24 Feb. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42714); Bahia: Conde, Praia Sítio do Conde, 06 Oct. 1991, Nunes et al. (ALCB 49404); Ilhéus, Praia do Gravatá, 09 Feb. 2001, Nunes et al. (ALCB 53337); Espírito Santo: Serra, Manguinhos, Praia da Baleia, 20 Aug. 1986, Guimarães et al. (PEUFR 42718); Guarapari, Praia de Setiba, 19 May 2000, Nassar (PEUFR 42729); Rio de Janeiro: Búzios, Praia Rasa, 09 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42730); Cabo Frio, Praia das Conchas, 10 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42731; 42732; 42733; 42734); Arraial do Cabo, Prainha, 11 Jan. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42735); Niterói, Ilha de Boa Viagem, 16/ VI/2003, Gestinari &amp; Torres (PEUFR 42738); São Paulo: São Sebastião, Praia do Araçá, 14 May 1983, Paula et al. (SPF 54438); Paraná: Caiobá, Ilha do Farol, 06 Jun. 2001, Gestinari &amp; Shirata (PEUFR 42741); Paranaguá, Ilha do Mel, Saco do Limoeiro, 18 Nov. 1991, Shirata (UPCB 20770); Santa Catarina: Bombinhas, Praia da Lagoinha, 23 Mar.1997, Shirata (HUCP 10067); Ilha de Santa Catarina, Praia de Ponta das Canas, 24 May 2001, Gestinari &amp; Ouriques (PEUFR 42744); Rio Grande do Sul: Torres, Prainha, 28 May 2001, Gestinari &amp; Baptista (PEUFR 42745); Tramandaí, Barra de Tramandaí, 29 May 2001, Gestinari &amp; Baptista (PEUFR 42748).</p> <p>Additional representative specimens examined: NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Curaçao: Sta. Martha-binnenbaai, 15 Jun. 1958, Vroman (L 0441852); PORTO RICO. San Antonio: Playa El Jobo, 22 Jun. 1963, Díaz-Piferrer (L 0441898); USA. Florida: Dry Tortugas - Middle Key, 10 Jun. 1926, Taylor (UC 315120)</p> <p>Comments: This is a very common species along the Brazilian coast, epilithic or epizoic, being found growing in boulders and rocky shores (SE, ES, RJ, PR, SC, RS), in close contact with the sand (RJ, PR), or partially covered by sand CE); specimens were also collected attached to sandstone reef plateaus (PB, PE, AL, BA), or growing in intertidal pools (CE, PE, AL). It grows with other algae, as an epiphyte on Cladophora prolifera, Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux (1816: 308), Padina gymnospora, Gelidium pusillum, Chondracanthus acicularis, Cryptonemia seminervis, Grateloupia filicina (J.V.Lamouroux) Agardh (1822: 223), Bryothamnion seaforthii, B triquetrum, Laurencia sp. Among the accompanying species, we most commonly found Ulva spp., Chaetomorpha aerea, Cladophora corallicola, C. dalmatica, C. rupestris, Padina gymnospora, Grateloupia filicina, Hypnea musciformis, Centroceras sp., Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey in Hooker (1833: 337), Bryocladia thyrsigera and Polysiphonia subtilissima. Cladophora vagabunda bears Ulvella sp., Erythrotrichia carnea, Sahlingia subintegra, Pneophyllum fragille, H. musciformis, Ceramium spp., as well many diatoms and cyanobacteria as epiphytes.</p> <p>C. vagabunda is widespread along the Brazilian coast, being found from Maranhão to Rio Grande do Sul States (as C. fascicularis: (Mertens ex C.Agardh) Kützing (1843b: 268) Joly 1965, Baptista 1973, Santos 1983, as C. vagabunda: Oliveira-Filho 1977; Kanagawa 1984; Yoneshigue 1985; Martins et al. 1991; Pereira et al. 2002). A remarkable morphological plasticity was observed in the specimens studied, influenced by age and the environment (Hoek 1982): plants from exposed sites showed very dense fasciculate branching (PB, PE, SE, BA, AL, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS), while feeble thalli with less fasciculate branching were found in pools and sheltered sites (CE, PE), but the cell widths overall were quite consistent. C. vagabunda is a common cosmopolitan species which is widely distributed in the tropics and temperate zones of both hemispheres, and in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans (Hoek 1963, 1982; Lawson &amp; John 1982; Hoek &amp; Womersley 1984; Silva et al. 1996; Hoek &amp; Chihara 2000, Brodie et al. 2007). According to Hoek &amp; Chihara (2000), C. vagabunda would seem to occupy one large and continuous geographic area. However, molecular analyses based on DNA-DNA hybridization experiments (Bot et al. 1990) and nuclear rDNA ITS sequences (Bakker et al. 1995) have demonstrated that the morphologically plastic C. vagabunda represents at least four divergent lineages (Hanyuda et al. 2002, Leliaert et al. 2003, 2007, Brodie et al. 2007, Leliaert et al. 2009). According to Gestinari et al. (2009), the inclusion of sequences from Brazilian individuals of Cladophora reinforces the need of taxonomical revision for the genus and for the complex C. vagabunda. To have a better understanding of the monophyly and of the divergence among species and isolates of the Cladophora vagabunda complex it will be necessary to obtain sequences for other molecular markers and from a broader geographic sampling. This is the first record of this species from Alagoas and Sergipe States.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587C0FFFCE173FF7FFECAFC51FC8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza;Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto;Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie	Gestinari, Lísia Mônica De Souza, Pereira, Sonia Maria Barreto, Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (2010): Distribution of Cladophora Species (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) along the Brazilian Coast. Phytotaxa 14: 22-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.2
