taxonID	type	description	language	source
FDA6A7FE59DA5F958FAC11E5C585494E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. (1) Northeastern Pacific, 9 ° 52 ' 1.38 " N, 131 ° 45 ' 38.28 " W (EP- 2), 19 March 2019. Three females dissected on three or seven slides, respectively. Two dissected females (NIBRIV 0000882796 - 882797) and two undissected females (in alcohol, NIBRIV 0000882798) were deposited in the NIBR. (2) Northwestern Pacific (a) 13 ° 23 ' 46.44 " N, 143 ° 55 ' 0.60 " E (WP- 1), 27 March 2016: Two males dissected on one or three slides, respectively. All dissected specimens (NIBRIV 0000882799 - 882800) were deposited in the NIBR. (b) 13 ° 20 ' 3.42 " N, 144 ° 20 ' 2.7 " E (WP- 2), 4 April 2016. One undissected male in alcohol (NIBRIV 0000882801) was deposited in the NIBR. (3) Korea Strait, 33 ° 44 ' 50.50 " N, 128 ° 15 ' 39.02 " E (KS), 7 October 2008: One dissected male (NIBRIV 0000882802) on H-S slide, and one undissected female and one undissected male in alcohol vial (NIBRIV 0000882803) were deposited in the NIBR.	en	Cho, Kyuhee, Park, Chailinn, Boettger-Schnack, Ruth (2021): Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability. ZooKeys 1043: 147-191, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438
FDA6A7FE59DA5F958FAC11E5C585494E.taxon	description	Description. Female (Figs 12 - 14, Tables 3, 4). Body length in lateral view (telescoping of somites not considered) (Fig. 12 B) 344 - 348 µm in northeastern Pacific (Table 3), somewhat larger than in the Red Sea (310 - 320 µm, Boettger-Schnack 2003: 208). Prosome 1.7 x length of urosome, excluding caudal rami, 1.3 - 1.4 x urosome length including caudal rami (Fig. 12 B, Table 3), for comparison with Red Sea see under " Remarks ". Integumental pores on prosome difficult to discern, not figured. P 5 - bearing somite with three paired midventral spinous processes (Fig. 12 D), no variation in number found (but see under " Male "). Genital double-somite (Fig. 12 C, D, E) 2 x as long as maximum width in specimen figured (measured in dorsal aspect) and ~ 1.5 x as long as postgenital somites combined; variation in length to width ratio given in Table 3, respective ratios from Red Sea specimens fit into this range; ornamentation of dorsal and ventral surfaces (Fig. 12 D, E) as for Red Sea specimens, including weakly developed undulate hyaline frill on posterior margin of genital double-somite and postgenital somites, as well as absence of pores on lateral surface of postgenital somites (Fig. 12 E). Anal somite (Fig. 12 C) with length to width ratio 1.2 - 1.3 (Table 3), similar to Red Sea, but slightly different from other areas reported in Boettger-Schnack's account (1.0 - 1.2: 1, Boettger-Schnack 2003: table 7). One pair of secretory pores present dorsally near posterior margin (Fig. 12 C), second pair reported for Red Sea specimens not discerned. Other ornamentation as figured (Fig. 12 C-E). Caudal ramus (Fig. 12 A, C) 2.3 - 2.5 x longer than wide measured along inner margin and ~ 2.8 - 3.1 x longer than wide measured along outer margin (Table 3), range of variation similar to ratios reported for Red Sea and other regions (Boettger-Schnack 2003: table 7). Length ratios among setae II, III, and IV with ranges in Pacific specimens given in Table 3, Red Sea data fit into these ranges; seta V missing on both sides of specimen figured (measurements taken from undissected specimen as follows: seta V ~ 2.7 x longer than seta IV, 1.5 x longer than seta VII). Antennule (Fig. 13 A) with armature formula as for S. ivlevi. Ornamentation along inner non-setiferous margin of segments 2 and 3 absent, as specified for Red Sea specimens. Antenna 3 - segmented, armature and ornamentation as figured (Fig. 13 B). Endopod segments ~ equal in length (but in Fig. 13 B, the proximal endopod segment looks shorter than the distal one, due to its orientation on the slide); distal endopod segment ~ 4 x longer than wide, variation given in Table 3, Red Sea data fit into these ranges; armature and ornamentation as in S. ivlevi, except for seta II slightly longer than seta I (for numbering of elements see Fig. 3 B). Labrum with ornamentation as figured (Fig. 13 G) including difference to S. ivlevi in size of four marginal teeth along distal (ventral) margin on each lobe being smaller than in S. ivlevi. Posterior face with two secretory pores on each lobe, which are difficult to discern. Anterior surface of labrum not observed in detail, but overlapping rows of fine spinules covering median concavity on anterior side visible from Fig. 13 G. Mandible with armature and ornamentation as figured (Fig. 13 C), small element D on gnathobase absent, as typical for the species. Maxillule (Fig. 13 D) similar to S. ivlevi, except for middle element on outer lobe naked. Maxilla with armature and ornamentation as figured (Fig. 13 E), additional ornamentation on syncoxa in Pacific specimens arrowed in Fig. 13 E. Maxilliped with armature and ornamentation as figured (Fig. 13 F), similar to Red Sea specimens, including small ornamentation details, such as proximal element on basis unornamented. Swimming legs (Fig. 14 A-D), with armature as in S. ivlevi except for spine count on distal exopod segment of P 2, showing only two outer spines (Table 2). Intercoxal sclerites unornamented (missing in specimen figured). Surface of coxae and bases with sparse surface ornamentation as figured, outer basal seta on P 4 very long, reaching as far as tip of distal exopod segment (Fig. 14 D), as typical for the species. Exopods with variability of proportional spine lengths in Pacific specimens given in Table 4, respectively values from Red Sea generally fit into these ranges, except proportional spine lengths on P 2 larger than in the Red Sea specimens. Endopods with length ranges of outer subdistal spine and outer distal spine relative to distal spine on P 2 and P 4 given in Table 4 generally similar to Red Sea specimens, except for outer distal spine relative to distal spine on P 2 (0.45 - 0.51) and P 3 (0.42 - 0.44) smaller than Red Sea (0.56 on P 2 and 0.48 on P 3, calculated from Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 10 B, C). P 5 (Fig. 12 C, E) with exopod 1.4 x longer than wide, shorter than in Red Sea (1.7: 1; cf. Boettger-Schnack 2003: 208, fig. 8 H, I), armature and ornamentation as figured. P 6 (Fig. 12 C) as figured, armature (short spinule) difficult to discern. Male (Fig. 15, Tables 3, 4). Body length 285 - 295 µm (Table 3). Sexual dimorphism in antennule, maxilliped, P 6, and in genital segmentation, slight modification in setal length of P 5. Pore pattern on prosome not discerned. P 5 - bearing somite with paired midventral spinous processes variable in number (two or three processes) (Fig. 15 D). Caudal rami (Fig. 15 A, C, D) with length to width ratio 2.1 - 2.5 measured along inner margin and 2.6 - 3.2 measured along outer margin (Table 3), [single value from Korea Strait larger than those from western equatorial Pacific,] respective values from Red Sea and other areas (Boettger-Schnack 2003: table 7) fit into this range. Ornamentation details as figured, similar to Red Sea specimens, including absence of surface ornamentation on genital somite (Fig. 15 C, D). Antennule (Fig. 15 F) with armature as for S. ivlevi. Segments 2 and 3 without ornamentation. Maxilliped (Fig. 15 G, H) 3 - segmented, syncoxa missing in specimen figured. Basis and endopod (claw) with armature and ornamentation similar to Red Sea specimen, including ornamentation detail on claw, with pinnules only along distal half of concave margin. Swimming legs 1 - 4 with the value ranges in spine lengths on rami given in Table 4 not significantly different from female, except for the values of the endopodal spines on P 4 from Korea Strait smaller than those of females. P 5 (Fig. 15 B, E) with exopodal seta and outer basal seta shorter than in female, outer basal seta also much shorter than in Red Sea specimens (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 11 D-F). P 6 (Fig. 15 D) with ornamentation as figured.	en	Cho, Kyuhee, Park, Chailinn, Boettger-Schnack, Ruth (2021): Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability. ZooKeys 1043: 147-191, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438
E63B3C5F7FA2574CA9783806118B21F6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1. Robust form. (1) Northwestern Pacific (a) 13 ° 23 ' 46.44 " N, 143 ° 55 ' 0.60 " E (WP- 1), 27 March 2016: Five females and four males dissected on several slides, respectively. Four dissected females (NIBRIV 0000882743 - 882746) and four dissected males (NIBRIV 0000882747 - 882750) were deposited in the NIBR; (b) 13 ° 20 ' 3.42 " N, 144 ° 20 ' 2.7 " E (WP- 2), 4 April 2016: Six females dissected on several slides, respectively. Four dissected females (NIBRIV 0000882751 - 882754), one undissected female (NIBRIV 0000882755) and one undissected male (NIBRIV 0000882756) mounted on H-S slide, respectively, and five undissected females and three undissected males in alcohol vial (NIBRIV 0000882757) were deposited in the NIBR. (2) Northeastern Pacific, 10 ° 30 ' N, 131 ° 20 ' W (EP- 1), 21 August 2009: Six females (NIBRIV 0000882758 - 882763) and four males (NIBRIV 0000882764 - 882767) dissected on several slides, respectively. All dissected specimens, one undissected female (NIBRIV 0000882768) and one undissected male (NIBRIV 0000882769) on respective H-S slide, and five undissected females and two undissected males in alcohol vial (NIBRIV 0000882770) were deposited in the NIBR. (3) Korea Strait, 33 ° 44 ' 50.50 " N, 128 ° 15 ' 39.02 " E (KS), 7 October 2008: Three females (NIBRIV 0000882771 - 882773) and one male dissected (NIBRIV 0000882774) on H-S slide, respectively. All dissected specimens and two undissected females and two undissected males in alcohol vial (NIBRIV 0000882775) were deposited in the NIBR. 2. Elongate form. (1) Northwestern Pacific, 13 ° 23 ' 46.44 " N, 143 ° 55 ' 0.60 " E (WP- 1), 27 March 2016: One female (NIBRIV 0000882776) dissected on two slides. This specimen was deposited in NIBR. (2) Northeastern Pacific, 10 ° 30 ' N, 131 ° 20 ' W (EP- 1), 21 August 2009: Three females (NIBRIV 0000882777 - 882779) dissected on one slide or three slides, respectively. Two females (aberrant) (NIBRIV 0000882780) dissected on H-S slide. The morphometric data provided in Tables 3 and 4 included only four specimens (three normal females and one aberrant female). All dissected specimens except for one specimen of aberrant female and one undissected aberrant female (in alcohol, NIBRIV 0000882781) were deposited in the NIBR.	en	Cho, Kyuhee, Park, Chailinn, Boettger-Schnack, Ruth (2021): Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability. ZooKeys 1043: 147-191, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438
E63B3C5F7FA2574CA9783806118B21F6.taxon	description	Description. Female (robust form, Figs 2 - 4, 6, 7 D, E, 16 A-D, Tables 3, 4). Body length (in lateral view, telescoping of somites not considered) range 318 - 373 µm in Pacific specimens (Table 3), showing a wider size range than in the Red Sea (330 - 340 µm, Boettger-Schnack 2003: 193). Prosome 1.9 x length of urosome, excluding caudal rami, 1.6 x urosome length, including caudal rami (Fig. 2 B), calculated by not correcting for the telescoping of somites. Variation of prosome to urosome length (including CR) ratio 1.5 - 1.7 in Pacific specimens (Table 3). The respective values provided for Red Sea specimens are not comparable as they were based on length data corrected for the telescoping of somites. When calculating the body proportions of the female from Boettger-Schnack's fig. 2 A by not correcting for the telescoping of somites, the respective ratio of prosome to urosome length (incl. CR) would account to 1.5, which is within the range of values for Pacific specimens. P 5 - bearing somite with paired row of midventral spinous processes (Fig. 2 E), variable in number, generally two or three processes, difference per body side may appear as in Fig. 2 E: four (right) and two (left). No such variation was mentioned for the Red Sea specimens. Posterior margin of genital double-somite and postgenital somites with undulate hyaline frill (Fig. 2 C, E), as typical for Spinoncaea species, shown in detail in Fig. 16 D. Genital double-somite (Figs 2 C, D, E, 16 D) 2.0 x as long as maximum width in specimen figured (measured in dorsal aspect) and ~ 1.5 x as long as postgenital somites combined; variation in length to width ratio 1.6 - 2.0 in Pacific specimens (Table 3), surface ornamentation and pore pattern as figured (Figs 2 E, 16 D). Anal somite approximately as wide as long, with insignificant variation in length to width ratio (Table 3), ornamentation as figured (Fig. 2 C, E). Caudal ramus (Fig. 2 A, C, G) with length to width ratio 1.9 - 2.2 measured along inner margin and 2.4 - 2.9 measured along outer margin (Table 3). Caudal seta II with a single long spinule (as in male, e. g., Fig. 16 E), which is difficult to discern, and which was not reported for Red Sea specimens, and seta IV with ornamentation being unipinnate, while it is bipinnate in Red Sea specimens. Variation in length ratios among setae II, III, and IV as given in Table 3, denoting a smaller ratio for seta III: II (1.3 - 1.9) than in the Red Sea (2.2; Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 2 F). Antennule 6 - segmented (Fig. 3 A) with armature formula: 1 - [3], 2 - [8], 3 - [5], 4 - [2 + ae], 5 - [2 (ae not discernible)], 6 - [5 + (1 + ae)], typical for Spinoncaea species. Antenna 3 - segmented, armature as for Red Sea specimens, including the absence of seta IV on the lateral armature of the distal endopod segment (Fig. 3 B, setae I-III indicated). Distal endopod segment reflexed (Fig. 3 B), 3.0 - 3.9 x longer than wide (Table 3), somewhat longer than reported for Red Sea specimens (ca 3: 1; discussed under " Remarks "). Ornamentation of elements differing slightly from Red Sea specimens in (1) the coxobasis with a long seta at inner distal corner is ornamented with long spinules unilaterally along entire length, including a single very long spinule at distal part, but only a short row of small spinules at anterior half (Fig. 3 B), while in specimens from the Red Sea this seta is ornamented with strong spinules bilaterally and lacking a single long spinule (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 3 A), and on (2) the proximal endopod segment is lacking single strong spine on expanded outer margin in specimen figured (Fig. 3 B), but is present in specimen from Korea Strait (Fig. 6 A), as specified for Red Sea specimens. Labrum (Figs 3 G, H, 16 A) showing variable ornamentation on anterior surface, paired row of long setules in specimen figured (Fig. 3 G, indicated by white arrow in Fig. 16 A) as specified for Red Sea specimens, additional row of setules indicated in specimen from Korea Strait (Fig. 6 C). Mandible (Fig. 3 C) gnathobase with five elements, with dorsal element D shortest and inserting near base of seta E, as typical for S. ivlevi (cf. Boettger-Schnack 2003: 191) difficult to discern in some specimens from the Pacific. Maxillule (Figs 3 D, 16 B) with six elements [innermost element on outer lobe absent, as typical for Spinoncaea species]; ornamentation of middle and innermost element on inner lobe as well as of element next to innermost on outer lobe (Fig. 16 B) slightly modified as compared to Red Sea specimens. Maxilla (Fig. 3 E) with additional ornamentation on syncoxa showing rows of short spinules along outer margin and long spinules along inner margin (arrowed in Fig. 3 E), not reported earlier for Red Sea specimens. Maxilliped (Fig. 3 F, syncoxa missing) with basis ornamented with fringe of short spatulated spinules between distal seta and articulation with endopod, as illustrated for Red Sea specimens (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 3 G, but erroneously described as " ... between proximal seta and articulation with endopod; .. " in text on p 200). Swimming legs 1 - 4 (Fig. 4 A-D) with armature formula shown in Table 2. Intercoxal sclerite of P 1 ornamented with paired long, fine setules (Figs 4 a, 16 C), which were not discernible in some specimens. Outer seta on basis of P 1 slightly shorter than in Red Sea specimens and naked. Anterior surrounding of bases of spines on exopodal and endopodal segments (= small spinules) not discerned in Pacific specimens. Exopods with general characteristics as for Red Sea specimens, including a reduced length of spine on middle segment (= exp- 2) of P 2 and P 3 (Fig. 4 B, C) and of proximal spine on distal segment (= exp- 3) of P 2 (Fig. 4 B); variability of proportional spine lengths, however, indicates that extent of size reduction of spine on exp- 2 differs between legs: most obvious on P 2, less obvious on P 3 and insignificant on P 4 (Table 4). Distal spine on P 1 slightly longer, on P 2 - P 4 shorter than distal exopod segment, variability of respective length ratios (Table 4) indicating that the respective size difference is less obvious in P 2 as compared to P 3 and P 4. Endopods with length ranges of outer subdistal spine and outer distal spine relative to distal spine given in Table 4 generally similar to Red Sea specimens (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 4 A-D). P 5 (Fig. 2 C, D, F) with length to width ratio of exopod segment 1.6, as for Red Sea specimens. P 6 (Fig. 2 C) represented by operculum closing off each genital aperture; possibly armed with a short spinule, which is difficult to discern in Pacific specimens. Female (elongate form, Fig. 7 A - C, Tables 3, 4). Body length range 305 - 345 μm, based on five specimens from tropical northeastern and northwestern Pacific, not significantly different from robust form (Table 3). Prosome 1.3 - 1.4 x length of the urosome (incl. CR), smaller than in the robust form (1.5 - 1.7, Table 3). Genital double-somite with shape slightly different from robust form, degree of tapering being stronger (Fig. 7 A) than in robust form (Fig. 2 C). Length to width ratio of the genital double-somite (1.9 - 2.2) slightly larger than in robust form (1.6 - 2.0), but values overlap (Table 3). Anal somite with length to width ratio larger in elongate form (1.2 - 1.4) than in robust form (1.0 - 1.1) (Table 3); longer than CR (measured along outer margin) while in the robust form the anal somite is shorter than the CR (cf. Fig. 2 A, C, E). Caudal ramus with ranges in length to width ratio overlapping between the two female form variants (Table 3). Antennule (not figured) 6 - segmented. Armature formula as for S. ivlevi robust form. Antenna (not figured) 3 - segmented, armature as for S. ivlevi robust form. Distal endopod segment with variation of length to width (Table 3). Mandible, maxillule, maxilliped (not figured) similar to those of the robust form. Swimming legs variable in proportional lengths of endopodal and exopodal spines on P 2 - P 4 as given in Table 4, showing similar ranges of variation among both forms of the species (cf. Table 4). Male (Figs 5, 16 E, Tables 3, 4). Body length range 298 - 331 µm in Pacific specimens (Table 3). Sexual dimorphism in antennule, maxilliped, P 6, and in genital segmentation, slight modification in setal length of P 5. P 5 - bearing somite with paired row of midventral spinous processes (Fig. 5 D), variable in number, generally two or three processes. Caudal rami (Fig. 5 A, D, F) with length to width ratio 1.7 - 2.0 measured along inner margin and 2.3 - 2.7 measured along outer margin (Table 3). Caudal setae with variations in proportional lengths of caudal setae III: II and setae IV: III as given in Table 3, similar to female. CR seta II ornamented with single long spinule in some specimens (Fig. 16 E), not noted for specimens from Red Sea. Dorsal surface of genital somite ornamented with pattern of minute denticles or spinules (Fig. 5 D), which are less distinct than in Red Sea specimens (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 5 D), ventral surface with spinule pattern on anterior part (Fig. 5 F) not observed in Red Sea specimens (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 5 E). Surface of genital flaps covered with several rows of strong denticles or spinules (Fig. 5 E, F), few denticles also observed on inner distal part (Fig. 5 D) not observed in Red Sea specimens (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 5 D). Antennule (Fig. 5 G) 4 - segmented, armature formula: 1 - [3], 2 - [8], 3 - [4], 4 - [9 + 2 ae + (1 + ae)], aesthetascs very small and slender, segment 4 with small middle aesthetasc close to seta present, which is not discernible in the female. Ornamentation as figured. Antenna (not figured) with variation in length to width ratio of distal endopod segment similar to female (Table 3). Maxilliped (Fig. 5 B, C) 3 - segmented, comprising syncoxa, basis and 1 - segmented endopod, armature and ornamentation as figured. Basis with only one long seta within longitudinal cleft, corresponding to distal seta in female, proximal seta absent (Fig. 5 C). Endopod represented by long curved claw, tip of claw without hyaline apex. Swimming legs 1 - 4 with armature and ornamentation as in female. Variability in length ratios of outer spine on exp- 1 relative to outer spines on exp- 2 and exp- 3 of P 2 - P 4, and length ratios of outer subdistal spine and outer distal spine relative to distal spine on enp- 3 of P 2 - P 4 given in Table 4, not significantly different from female. P 5 (Fig. 5 E, F) exopod with general shape and armature as in female; exopodal seta and outer basal seta somewhat shorter than in female. P 6 (Fig. 5 F) represented by posterolateral flap closing off genital aperture on either side, ornamented as described above, posterolateral corners well discernible in dorsal aspect (Fig. 5 A, D).	en	Cho, Kyuhee, Park, Chailinn, Boettger-Schnack, Ruth (2021): Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability. ZooKeys 1043: 147-191, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438
C353F0A5613C56FD8BC1164C838FCF7C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. (1) Northeastern Pacific (a) 10 ° 30 ' N, 131 ° 20 ' W (EP- 1), 21 August 2009: One female (habitus of S. tenuis female in Fig. 8 A, B) and one male (habitus of S. tenuis male in Fig. 11 A) undissected on H-S slide, respectively. Five females and two males dissected on several slides, respectively. Three females dissected on H-S slide, respectively. Six dissected females (NIBRIV 0000882784 - 882789) and one dissected male (NIBRIV 0000882790) and one undissected female (NIBRIV 0000882782) and one undissected male (NIBRIV 0000882783) on respective H-S slide were deposited in the NIBR. (b) 9 ° 52 ' 1.38 " N, 131 ° 45 ' 38.28 " W (EP- 2), 19 March 2019. Two undissected females and two undissected males in alcohol vial (NIBRIV 0000882791) were deposited in the NIBR. (2) Northwestern Pacific, 13 ° 20 ' 3.42 " N, 144 ° 20 ' 2.7 " E (WP- 2), 4 April 2016. One undissected male in alcohol vial (NIBRIV 0000882792) was deposited in the NIBR. (3) Korea Strait, 33 ° 44 ' 50.50 " N, 128 ° 15 ' 39.02 " E (KS), 7 October 2008: One female (NIBRIV 0000882793) and one male (NIBRIV 0000882794) dissected on H-S slide, respectively. All dissected specimens and one undissected female (in alcohol, NIBRIV 0000882795) were deposited in the NIBR.	en	Cho, Kyuhee, Park, Chailinn, Boettger-Schnack, Ruth (2021): Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability. ZooKeys 1043: 147-191, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438
C353F0A5613C56FD8BC1164C838FCF7C.taxon	description	Description. Female (Figs 8 - 10, Tables 3, 4). Body length in lateral view (telescoping of somites not considered) (Fig. 8 B) 320 - 355 µm in Pacific specimens (Table 3), somewhat larger than in the Red Sea (280 - 300 µm, Boettger-Schnack 2003: 215). Prosome 1.7 x length of urosome, excluding caudal rami, 1.5 x urosome length including caudal rami in specimens figured (Fig. 8 B), calculated by not correcting for the telescoping of somites. Variation of prosome to urosome length (including CR) 1.3 - 1.7 in Pacific specimens (Table 3), single value from Korea Strait smallest. The respective values provided for Red Sea specimens (1.5 incl. CR; Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 12 A, calculated by not correcting for telescoping of somites) are within the range of values from the Pacific. P 5 - bearing somite with paired midventral spinous processes variable in number (two or three processes) and one pair of ventrolateral lobate processes (arrowed in Fig. 8 D, E). Variation in number of midventral spinous processes was not mentioned for Red Sea specimens and ventrolateral lobes were not described, but are vaguely discernible from Boettger-Schnack (2003: fig. 12 I). Genital double-somite (Fig. 8 C, D, E) 2.1 x as long as maximum width in specimen figured (measured in dorsal aspect) and ~ 2.1 x as long as postgenital somites combined; variation in length to width ratio 1.8 - 2.3 in Pacific specimens (Table 3), respective values from Red Sea fall within this range. Largest width measured at 2 / 5 the distance between anterior and posterior margin, similar to Red Sea specimens, where it is " about halfway ". Ventral surface with few rows of minute spinules in some specimens (Fig. 8 E), difficult to discern; this ornamentation was not mentioned for Red Sea specimens. Paired genital apertures located dorsally at about same position as in Red Sea specimens, armature difficult to discern. Weakly pronounced undulate hyaline frill on posterior margin of genital double-somite and postgenital somites and pore pattern as figured (Fig. 8 D, E). Anal somite (Fig. 8 C) length to width ratio ranging between 1.1 - 1.3 (Table 3), ornamentation as figured (Fig. 8 C, D, E). Caudal ramus (Fig. 8 A, C) length to width ratio 1.8 - 2.5 measured along inner margin and 2.3 - 3.0 measured along outer margin (Table 3). Caudal seta III ornamented with few minute spinules along medial margin (Fig. 8 C), not observed in Red Sea specimens. Length ratio between seta IV and III 1.4 - 2.3 (Table 3), seta IV unipinnate, not bipinnate as in Red Sea specimens (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 12 C). Antennule 6 - segmented (Fig. 9 A). Armature formula and ornamentation as for S. ivlevi. Antenna 3 - segmented, armature and ornamentation as figured (Fig. 9 B). Distal endopod segment with length to width ratio 3.3 - 4.1 in Pacific specimens (Table 3), seta II longer than seta I (as illustrated for Red Sea specimens, Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 13 A, but erroneously described as being " shorter than seta I " in text on p. 217). Labrum with ornamentation as figured (Fig. 9 G, H). including difference to S. ivlevi in (1) size of three marginal teeth along distal (ventral) margin on each lobe (arrowed in Fig. 9 G) being somewhat smaller than in S. ivlevi, and (2) presence of two paired rows of long setules on anterior surface (Fig. 9 G), not only a single paired row as in S. ivlevi. Mandible with armature and ornamentation as figured. (Fig. 9 C), small element D on gnathobase absent, as typical for S. tenuis (cf. Boettger-Schnack 2003: 218, fig. 13 D). Maxillule (Fig. 9 D) similar to S. ivlevi, except for middle element on inner lobe naked. Maxilla (Fig. 9 E) with additional ornamentation on surface of syncoxa (arrowed in Fig. 9 E), not reported earlier for Red Sea specimens. Maxilliped as figured (Fig. 9 F), surface of syncoxa ornamented with few spinules (arrowed in Fig. 9 F), which was not recorded for Red Sea specimens. Swimming legs 1 - 4 (Fig. 10 A-D), with armature as in S. ivlevi (Table 2). Intercoxal sclerites of P 1 ornamented with paired long, fine setules (but only one paired setule shown in Fig. 10 A), which are difficult to discern. Ornamentation on inner portion of basis in P 1 - P 3 as figured (Fig. 10 A-C). Exopods with variability of proportional spine lengths given in Table 4, respective values from the Red Sea fall within this range (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 14 A-D), except for the proportional lengths of outer spines on P 3, which are larger in Pacific specimens than in the Red Sea specimens. Distal spine slightly longer than (P 1) or almost equal in length (P 2 - P 4) to distal exopod segment, similar to Red Sea specimens (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 14 A-D). Endopods. Length ranges of outer subdistal spine and outer distal spine relative to distal spine on P 2 - P 4 enp- 3 as given in Table 4 generally similar to Red Sea specimens (Boettger-Schnack 2003: fig. 14 A-D). P 5 (Fig. 8 C, D, F) exopod 1.7 x longer than wide, armature and ornamentation as figured. P 6 (Fig. 8 C) as figured, possibly armed with a short spinule, which is difficult to discern. Male (Fig. 11, Tables 3, 4). Body length 292 - 325 µm (Table 3). Sexual dimorphism in antennule, maxilliped, P 6, and in genital segmentation, slight modification in setal length of P 5. Pore pattern on prosome not discerned. P 5 - bearing somite with paired row midventral spinous processes variable in number as in female and one pair of ventrolateral lobate processes (Fig. 11 C). Caudal rami (Fig. 11 A, B, C, G) with length to width ratio 1.9 - 2.4 measured along inner margin and 2.2 - 2.8 measured along outer margin (Table 3), ornamentation as figured (Fig. 11 D). Caudal setae with proportional lengths as in female, variation in length ratios as given in Table 3. Antennule (Fig. 11 E) 4 - segmented, armature as for S. ivlevi. Antenna (not figured) with variation in length to width ratio of distal endopod segment similar to female (Table 3). Maxilliped (Fig. 11 D) 3 - segmented, armature and ornamentation as figured. Swimming legs 1 - 4 with armature and ornamentation as in female. Variability in proportional spine lengths on rami given in Table 4, values of equatorial Pacific fall within the range of females, but proportional lengths of exopodal spines on P 2 and P 4 from Korea Strait larger than those of females. P 5 (Fig. 11 F) with exopodal seta and outer basal seta somewhat shorter than in female. P 6 (Fig. 11 C) with ornamentation pattern as figured.	en	Cho, Kyuhee, Park, Chailinn, Boettger-Schnack, Ruth (2021): Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability. ZooKeys 1043: 147-191, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438
