identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
652932763B5E0E0ED0DC4323FB5BDEF9.text	652932763B5E0E0ED0DC4323FB5BDEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecolax Westwood 1861	<div><p>Genus Myrmecolax Westwood</p> <p>Myrmecolax Westwood, 1861: 418. Type species: Myrmecolax nietneri Westwood, 1861: 418, original designation.</p> <p>Parastylops de Meijere, 1908: 185. Type species: Parastylops flagellatus Meijere, 1908: 185, original designation.</p> <p>Afrostylops Fox &amp; Fox, 1964: 754. Type species: Afrostylops lunai Fox &amp; Fox, 1964: 755, original designation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/652932763B5E0E0ED0DC4323FB5BDEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lu, Xiumei;Liu, Xingyue	Lu, Xiumei, Liu, Xingyue (2014): Discovery of the twisted-wing parasite family Myrmecolacidae (Insecta: Strepsiptera) from China, with description of two new species of the genus Myrmecolax Westwood, 1861. Zootaxa 3881 (4): 385-395, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3881.4.6
652932763B5E0E0AD0DC43C3FEE6D8F3.text	652932763B5E0E0AD0DC43C3FEE6D8F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecolax pachygnathus Lu & Liu 2014	<div><p>Myrmecolax pachygnathus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 1–3)</p> <p>Description. Male. Total body length 1.67 mm.</p> <p>Head transversely wider than metathorax, hypognathous; anterior yellow brown, covered with dense hairs; frons yellow brown, anteriorly produced and nose-like; gena pale brown; clypeus dark brown, covered with dense short hairs, slightly concave (length of head 115.51 µm, width 218.14 µm, width between compound eyes 238.54 µm).</p> <p>Compound eyes black brown, semiglobular, composed of ~18 large ommatidia, which are widely separated with interval densely covered by microtrichia in lateral and dorsal view; ventral ommatidia slightly larger and less closely neighbored to each other than dorsal ones. Number of ommatidia 18±3.</p> <p>Antenna 7-segmented and yellow-brown in colour. 1 st and 2 nd antennomeres short (length of 1 st antennomere 85.32 µm, length of 2 nd antennomere 59.70 µm). 3 rd antennomere with an extremely long, broad, flat, sharply tipped, flabellum, which surpasses middle of 7 th antennomere (length of 7 th antennomere 41.56 µm). 4 th antennomere rather short, wider than long (length of 4 th antennomere 34.76 µm, proximal width 24.11 µm, distal width 31.49 µm). 5 th –7 th antennomeres long, gradually narrowed distad. 5 th antennomere longest among other antennomeres (length of 5 th antennomere 463.52 µm). 7 th antennomere longer than 6 th antennomere, with an acutely pointed tip (length of 6 th antennomere 275.81 µm, length of 7 th antennomere 420.21 µm).</p> <p>Mandible palp-shaped, translucent, dark brown, glabrous and smooth, proximally wide, but medially narrowed and slightly incurved, distally slightly broadened, with a sharp tip, which is crossing to the other one (length of mandible 232.44 µm). Labrum absent. Maxillary palp 2-segmented, dark brown, with dense hairs; 1 st segment short, broad, dark brown; 2 nd segment thick, sickle-shaped, acutely tipped, whose length is four times as long as wide, elongated to ventral side, medially curved inward but not crossing to the other one; distinctly a thin brownish sclerotized strip extending latered between prementum and submentum; mouth opening circular (length of 1 st segment 241.80 µm, width of 59.81 µm, length of 2 nd segment 293.19 µm).</p> <p>Thorax dark brown, strongly sclerotized, with dense hairs. Pronotum ring-like, medially arched, twice as long as mesonotum, arcutely convexed on anterior margin and medially semicircular concaved on posterior margin (length of pronotum 73.84 µm, width 278.56 µm).</p> <p>Mesonotum saddle-like, medially semicircular convexed on anterior margin and arcuately convexed posterior margin (length of mesonotum 74.12 µm, width 377.64 µm). Prescutum slightly wider than scutum and pronotum, with acute angles; scutum slightly shorter than pronotum, with rounded lateral margins; scutellum transversely extending into a strip-shaped plate (length of scutellum 107.82 µm, width 194.43 µm, length of postlumbium 86.93 µm, width 297.56 µm, length of postscutellum 396.02 µm, width 298.66 µm).</p> <p>Metathorax well developed, longitudinal. Prescutum nearly pentagon, slightly bulge at middle, with triangularly protruding anterior margin. scutum separated into two nearly rectangle, anteriorly rounded parts by distinct dark brown sutures, which are parallel, fusing at distal, and the posterior part rectangular in dorsal view; scutellum subtriangular, laterally margined dark brown; postlumbium lip-shaped, yellow; postscutellum cupshaped, gradually bending ventrad at posterior 3/4, with a straight posterior margin.</p> <p>Legs brown, but femora much paler; coxae of fore- and midlegs broad and flat; trochanter of hind leg small, subsemicircular; tarsi 4-segmented, without tarsal claws, with translucent membrane anteriorly; 1 st tarsomere trapezoidal, with one sensory organ; 2 nd –4 th tarsomeres subtriangular. Lengths of fore coxa, femur, tibia, and tarsi: 274.64 µm, 340.20 µm, 253.10 µm, 179.78 µm, lengths of 1 st –4 th fore tarsomeres: 75.62 µm, 69.39 µm, 100.52 µm, 78.45 µm. Lengths of mid coxa, femur, tibia, and tarsi: 264.05 µm, 351.62 µm, 276.88 µm, 220.75 µm, lengths of 1 st –4 th mid tarsi: 125.59 µm, 75.30 µm, 89.34 µm, 82.15 µm. Lengths of hind trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsi 67.63 µm, 235.38 µm, 128.29 µm, 126.36 µm, lengths of 1 st –4 th hind tarsi: 102.39 µm, 82.33 µm, 88.30 µm, 69.90 µm.</p> <p>Halteres slender, broad, long, weakly sclerotized; proximally with a dark brown longitudinal vein-like line at middle, distal part ovoid (length of haltere 441.48 µm).</p> <p>Hind wing broad, fan-shaped, translucent, pale brown, with dark brown veins; C and Sc fused into a thick vein, not reaching anterior margin; R 1 thick, almost ending at distal 1/4; R 2 detached, distally bifurcated; R 3 detached, reaching distal margin; R 4 with thick posterior part and weakly distal part, ending at middle; R 5 long, much darker, but proximally detached, reaching distal margin; MA 1 very short; MA 2 simple, reaching distal margin; CuA thin, slightly shorter than MA 2, almost reaching distal margin; CuP weak, long, almost parallel to anal margin. Length of hindwing 1.45 mm.</p> <p>Abdomen dark brown; 10-segmented; tergites I–III gradually narrowed but tergites III–VIII gradually widened; segment I reduced, with rounded lateral margins; segments II long, slightly covered by postscutellum. Segment IX, elliptical in caudal view, extending ventrally as an elongate and grooved subgenital plate; lateral margins strongly sclerotized and incurved; posterior margin slightly concaved. Segment X small, shovel-shaped, with dorsally curved lateral margins. Aedeagus hook-like, arcuately curved anteriorly, with arcuate distal margin; body of aedeagus straight, gradually narrowed upwards; dorsal hook straight, slightly longer than ventral projection, with acute tip, directed from body of aedeagus by obtuse angle; ventral projection thinner than dorsal hook, with acute tip. Length of aedeagus 185.82 µm.</p> <p>Female and host. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Guizhou Prov., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.55319&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.634027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.55319/lat 25.634027)">Dushan</a> [25°38′2.50″N, 107°33′11.48″E], VII.1981, collected by light trap, Wangmao Chen &amp; Binghua Chen (CAU).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Latin pachygnathus, in reference to the broad maxillary palp in the new species.</p> <p>Remarks. The new species similar to Myrmecolax furcatus Bohart, 1951 from Philippines by having similar distally bifurcated detached vein with anterior branch directed toward wing base, but can be distinguished from M. furcatus by the longer flabellum of 3 rd antennomere, the slightly bigger ratio of distance between internal margins of compound eyes and the diameter of a compound eye, and the more conspicuous and longer dorsal hook of the aedeagus.</p> <p>The new species also resembles Myrmecolax odontognathus Kogan &amp; Oliveira, 1964 from New Guinea by having similar aedeagus, in which the dorsal process is almost as long as ventral projection and an acute angle to the aedeagus, but it differs from M. odontognathus by the shorter body length, the conspicuously longer flabellum of 3 rd antennomere, and the bigger ratio of distance between internal margins of compound eyes and diameter of a compound eye.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/652932763B5E0E0AD0DC43C3FEE6D8F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lu, Xiumei;Liu, Xingyue	Lu, Xiumei, Liu, Xingyue (2014): Discovery of the twisted-wing parasite family Myrmecolacidae (Insecta: Strepsiptera) from China, with description of two new species of the genus Myrmecolax Westwood, 1861. Zootaxa 3881 (4): 385-395, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3881.4.6
652932763B5A0E06D0DC4428FEA4D818.text	652932763B5A0E06D0DC4428FEA4D818.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecolax arcuatus Lu & Liu 2014	<div><p>Myrmecolax arcuatus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 4–6)</p> <p>Description. Male. Total body length 1.87 mm.</p> <p>Head transversely wide, wider than metathorax; hypognathous; anterior part reddish brown, covered with dense hairs, median part creamy yellow, smooth in dorsal view; frons dark brown, anteriorly produced and noselike; gena pale brown, distinctly with brownish narrow band-like markings extending laterally between clypeus and gena; clypeus dark brown, covered with dense short hairs, slightly convex (length of head 289.24 µm, width 736.96 µm, width between compound eyes 312.38 µm).</p> <p>Compound eye dark brown, semiglobular, extending to ventral side of head, composed of ~21 large ommatidia, which are widely separated with intervals densely covered by microtrichia in lateral and dorsal view; proximal ommatidia more closely neighbored to each other than median ones; ocellus absent; number of ommatidia 21±3.</p> <p>Antenna 7-segmented, hanging ventrad; 1 st and 2 nd antennomeres short (length of 1 st antennomere 85.32 µm, length of 2 nd antennomere 31.44 µm); 1 st antennomere cup-shaped, slightly narrow at base (proximal width of 1 st antennomere 65.41 µm, distal width of 94.06 µm); 2 nd antennomere ring-like, shorter than 1 st antennomere; 3 rd antennomere with an extremely long, obtusely tipped, flabellum, which nearly reaches distal part of 7 th antennomere (length of 3 rd antennomere 57.10 µm); 4 th antennomere rather short, wider than long (length of 4 th antennomere 50.91 µm, width 64.84 µm); 5 th –7 th antennomeres long, gradually narrowed distad; 5 th antennomere nearly as long as 6 th plus 7 th antennomeres (length of 5 th antennomere 520.55 µm); 7 th antennomere slightly longer than 6 th antennomere, with an acutely pointed tip (length of 6 th antennomere 240.54 µm, length of 7 th antennomere 316.38 µm).</p> <p>Mandible palp-shaped, translucent, pale brown, glabrous and smooth, proximally wide, but medially narrowed and slightly incurved, distally broadened into a knife-shaped apex (length of mandible 262.77 µm). Labrum reddish brown. Maxillary palp 2-segmented, dark brown, with dense hairs; 1 st segment short, ring-shaped, dark brown; 2 nd segment long, even thick rod-shaped, acutely tipped, elongated to ventral side, distally curved inward but not crossing to the other one; distinctly a thin brownish sclerotized strip extending latered between prementum and submentum; mouth opening circular (length of 1 st segment 30.88 µm, length of 2 nd segment 293.19 µm).</p> <p>Thorax dark brown, strongly sclerotized. Pronotum trapezoidal, without hairs, narrower than interocular distance and twice as long as mesonotum, medially concaved on anterior margin and arcuately convexed on posterior margin, connected with mesonotum by pale brown pleural membrane (length of pronotum 123.96 µm, width 400.59 µm).</p> <p>Mesonotum saddle-like (length of mesonotum 41.32 µm, width 458.08 µm); prescutum and scutum nearly as wide as pronotum, both with rounded lateral margins; scutellum transversely extending into a strip-shaped plate.</p> <p>Metathorax well developed; prescutum nearly pentagon, slightly bulge at middle, with triangularly protruding anterior margin; scutum separated into a nearly rectangular, anteriorly rounded, anterior part and a subtriangular posterior part by dark brown sutures; prescutum and scutum separated by a distinct V-shaped suture, but fused to each other posteriorly; scutellum semicircular, slightly produced on anterior margin, laterally margined dark brown; postlumbium lip-shaped, dark yellow; postscutellum long conical-shaped, gradually bending ventrad at posterior 2/3, with a blunt tip.</p> <p>Legs pale brown, but femora slightly paler; coxae of fore- and midlegs broad and flat; trochanter of hindleg small, subtrapezoidal; tarsi 4-segmented, without tarsal claws; 1 st tarsomere trapezoidal, with one sensory organ; 2 nd –4 th tarsomeres subtriangular, gradually shortened (lengths of fore coxa, femur, tibia, and tarsi 328.02 µm, 408.64 µm, 317.41 µm, 264.56 µm, lengths of 1 st –4 th fore tarsi: 126.78 µm, 92.83 µm, 90.65 µm, 87.11 µm. lengths of mid coxa, femur, tibia, and tarsi: 468.50 µm, 208.89 µm, 223.10 µm, 278.36 µm, lengths of 1 st –4 th mid tarsi: 136.75 µm, 111.57 µm, 106.75 µm, 90.38 µm. lengths of hind trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsi: 65.59 µm, 172.02 µm, 174.82 µm, 247.88 µm, lengths of 1 st –4 th hind tarsi: 112.17 µm, 111.14 µm, 106.14 µm, 95.33 µm).</p> <p>Halteres slender, long, weakly sclerotized; proximally with a dark brown longitudinal vein-like line at middle, distal part ovoid (length of halter 507.69 µm).</p> <p>Hind wing broad, fan-shaped, translucent, pale brown, with dark brown veins; C and Sc fused into a thick vein, not reaching anterior margin; R 1 almost ending at distal 1/4; R 2 detached, distally bifurcated; R 3 detached, reaching distal margin; R 4 weak, ending at middle; R 5 long but proximally detached, reaching distal margin; MA and CuA both simple and almost parallel, reaching distal margin; CuP weak, almost parallel to anal margin. Length of hindwing 1.61 mm.</p> <p>Abdomen dark brown, dorsally much paler; 10-segmented; tergites II–V gradually narrowed but tergites V–VIII gradually widened; segment I not reduced; segments II and III large, completely covered by postscutellum. Segment IX, elliptical in caudal view, extending ventrally as an elongate and grooved subgenital plate; lateral margins strongly sclerotized and incurved; posterior margin slightly concaved. Segment X small, shovel-shaped, with dorsally curved lateral margins. Aedeagus hook-like, arcuately curved anteriorly, with arcuate distal margin; dorsal hook and ventral projection of equal length; dorsal hook straight, with acute tip, directed from body of aedeagus by acute angle; ventral projection thicker than dorsal hook. Length of aedeagus 377.22 µm.</p> <p>Female and host. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Guizhou Prov., Guiyang, Huaxi [26°23′42.97″N, 106°39′18.71″E], <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.6552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.39527" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.6552/lat 26.39527)">Heichunhe</a>, 19.VIII.1988, collected by light trap, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.6552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.39527" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.6552/lat 26.39527)">Chikun Yang</a> (CAU).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Latin arcuatus, in reference to the arcuately curved aedeagus apex in the new species.</p> <p>Remarks. This new species and M. pachynathus sp. nov. are distributed in the same province, i.e. Guizhou Prov. of southwestern China, and both species share some similar characters, e.g. the long 3 rd flabellum, which almost reaches tip of 7 th antennomere, and the distinctly bifurcated R 2. However, M. arcuatus sp. nov. differs from M. pachynathus sp. nov. by the thin and incurved maxillary palp and the strongly curved apex of aedeagus.</p> <p>This new species also resembles Myrmecolax malayensis Kathirithamby, 1993 from Southeast Asia by having similar distally bifurcated detached vein with anterior branch directed toward wing base, but it differs from M. malayensis by the conspicuously longer body length and the long and curved apex of aedeagus.</p> <p>A key to the species of Myrmecolax from Asia, based on the males, is given below, including 13 extant species. However, in the present key, Myrmecolax genitalis Kifune &amp; Hirashima, 1989 from Laos is excluded because the description lacks the character of antenna, which is important for specific identification, due to damage of the holotype.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/652932763B5A0E06D0DC4428FEA4D818	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lu, Xiumei;Liu, Xingyue	Lu, Xiumei, Liu, Xingyue (2014): Discovery of the twisted-wing parasite family Myrmecolacidae (Insecta: Strepsiptera) from China, with description of two new species of the genus Myrmecolax Westwood, 1861. Zootaxa 3881 (4): 385-395, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3881.4.6
652932763B560E06D0DC45B1FA38DC75.text	652932763B560E06D0DC45B1FA38DC75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecolax Westwood 1861	<div><p>Key to males of Myrmecolax from Asia</p> <p>1. Distal end of detached vein to radius clearly bifurcated, with anterior branch often directed to wing base environing distal end of radius............................................................................................. 2</p> <p>- Distal end of detached vein to radius simple or rather slightly bifurcated, with short anterior branch................... 10</p> <p>2. Flabellum of 3 rd antennomere reaching about basal 1/3 of 7 th antennomere......................................... 3</p> <p>- Flabellum of 3 rd antennomere reaching at least middle of 7 th antennomere......................................... 4</p> <p>3. Length ratio of 6 th and 7 th segments 1:2; body length 1.75 mm. Indonesia.............. M. flagellatus (de Meijere, 1908)</p> <p>- Length ratio of 6 th and 7 th segments 1:1.51; body length 1.85 mm. Malaysia (N. Borneo).................................................................................................... M. danielssoni Kathirithamby, 1994</p> <p>4. Flabellum of 3 rd antennomere reaching middle of 7 th antennomere............................................... 5</p> <p>- Flabellum of 3 rd antennomere extending beyond middle of 7 th antennomere........................................6</p> <p>5. Detached vein R 3 distally forked. India............................. M. pierci (Chattopadhyay &amp; Chaudhuri, 1980)</p> <p>- Detached vein R 3 not forked. Thailand................................. M. chantaneeae Kifune &amp; Hirashima, 1979</p> <p>6. Dorsal process of aedeagus short, inconspicuous. Philippines............................... M. furcatus Bohart, 1951</p> <p>- Dorsal process of aedeagus long, almost as long as ventral projection............................................7</p> <p>7. Body of aedeagus straight. China..................................................... M. pachygnathus sp. nov.</p> <p>- Body of aedeagus curved...............................................................................8</p> <p>8. Body of aedeagus arcuately curved; body length 1.86 mm. China............................... M. arcuatus sp. nov.</p> <p>- Body of aedeagus curved at basal 1/3; body length 1.00– 1.28 mm............................................... 9</p> <p>9. Basal 1/3 of aedeagus broad; length of 5 th segment shorter than 6 th segment; body length 1.005 mm. India........................................................................................... M. plantipes (Chaudhuri, 1978)</p> <p>- Basal 1/3 of aedeagus thin; length of 5 th segment longer than 6 th segment; body length 1.17–1.28 mm. Malaysia (N. Borneo)........................................................................ M. malayensis Kathirithamby, 1993</p> <p>10. Flabellum of 3 rd antennomere reaching at most base of 7 th antennomere.......................................... 11</p> <p>- Flabellum of 3 rd antennomere reaching at least middle of 7 th antennomere........................................ 12</p> <p>11. Postscutellum short, slightly longer than wide. Philippines........................... M. philippinensis Bohart, 1941</p> <p>- Postscutellum long, about 1.5 times as long as wide. Philippines......................... M. culionensis Bohart, 1951</p> <p>12. Aedeagus without dorsal process. Sri Lanka.......................................... M. nietneri Westwood, 1861</p> <p>- Aedeagus with prominent dorsal process. Phillippines...................................... M. rossi Bohart, 1951</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/652932763B560E06D0DC45B1FA38DC75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lu, Xiumei;Liu, Xingyue	Lu, Xiumei, Liu, Xingyue (2014): Discovery of the twisted-wing parasite family Myrmecolacidae (Insecta: Strepsiptera) from China, with description of two new species of the genus Myrmecolax Westwood, 1861. Zootaxa 3881 (4): 385-395, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3881.4.6
