identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B3384A3BFFC79D021FB21195FA4FFA1B.text	B3384A3BFFC79D021FB21195FA4FFA1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melicharidae Hirschmann 1962	<div><p>Identification key to genera of Melicharidae reported from the Palaearctic (females)</p> <p>1. Laciniae of tritosternum short and thick, fused in basal portion, with long and dense pilosity forming a typical brush-shaped appearance; cheliceral denticles long, narrow, sharp and usually slightly curved, fixed digit with terminal hook forked; anterior rostral setae (h1) thickened, with distal flattening, nearly paddle-shaped..... Mycomelichares Mašán &amp; Joharchi, gen. nov.</p> <p>− Tritosternum with thin and long laciniae, laciniae sparsely and finely pilose, never brush-like; cheliceral denticles otherwise formed, fixed digit with terminal hook usually simple; setae h1 thin or thick, always tubular along their whole length (not flattened in distal portion)................................................................................. 2</p> <p>2. Podonotal part of dorsal shield narrower, with at most 16 pairs of setae (lacking all r- setae and at least s2 and s3, sometime s1 and/or s4, these situated on soft integument close to lateral margins of the shield); deutosternal furrow markedly narrowed, five anterior hypognathal rows each usually with one rarely two denticles; metasternal platelets absent; all R- setae on opisthonotal portion outside dorsal shield........................................................ Melichares Hering, 1838</p> <p>− Podonotal part of dorsal shield wider, with 20‒24 pairs of setae including all setae of j, z, s series and some to all of r2-r6 (at least r2 and usually r3), setae z3 present or absent; deutosternal furrow well developed, wide, five anterior hypognathal rows each usually with more than two denticles, fifth row with several denticles....................................... 3</p> <p>3. Anus on ventrianal shield bearing six pairs of pre-anal setae and three circum-anal setae; tibia IV with only nine setae (pl2 absent); pilus dentilis of fixed cheliceral digit setiform; posterior ends of peritrematal shields broadly fused with exopodal platelets IV.............................................................. Orthadenella Athias-Henriot, 1973</p> <p>− Anus on anal shield bearing only three circum-anal setae (and 1–2 pairs of pre-anal setae in Proctolaelaps intermedius Athias-Henriot and Proctolaelaps ventrianalis Karg); tibia IV with ten setae (pl2 present); pilus dentilis of fixed cheliceral digit formed as membraneous structure; posterior ends of peritrematal shields free or narrowly fused with exopodals IV.............. 4</p> <p>4. Fixed cheliceral digit with pointed or rounded distal projection (except in Mucroseius insolitus Trach, Khaustov &amp; Lindquist); leg IV with 1–2 erect macrosetae on telotarsus (pd2, sometimes ad2)...................... Mucroseius Lindquist, 1962</p> <p>− Fixed cheliceral digit without distal projection (except in Proctolaelaps nipponicus Ishikawa); leg IV usually without macrosetae (pd2 never a macroseta)....................................................... Proctolaelaps Berlese, 1923</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3384A3BFFC79D021FB21195FA4FFA1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mašán, Peter;Joharchi, Omid;Abramov, Vladimir V.	Mašán, Peter, Joharchi, Omid, Abramov, Vladimir V. (2021): A new genus and two new species of melicharid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with wood-decaying fungi and mycophagous erotylid beetles (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (1): 157-173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.10
B3384A3BFFCB9D0E1FB210E5FA4FFA34.text	B3384A3BFFCB9D0E1FB210E5FA4FFA34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mycomelichares Masan & Joharchi 2021	<div><p>Identification key to species of Mycomelichares Mašán &amp; Joharchi gen. nov. (females)</p> <p>1. Dorsal shield with 32–33 pairs of setae, marginal R- setae situated on soft integument beside the lateral margins of the shield; dorsal shield setae r2, r5 and S1 not expressed, absent; peritremes shorter, with anterior ends reaching close to setae s1; epistome with denticulate anterior margin; ventral gnathosoma with increased number of at least eight transverse rows of denticles (normally with nine rows); genu III with eight setae (2 2/1, 2/0 1) (polypori group)......................................................................................... Mycomelichares polypori Mašán &amp; Joharchi sp. nov.</p> <p>– Dorsal shield with 38 or 42 pairs of setae, R- setae situated on posterolateral margins of the shield; dorsal shield setae r2, r5 and S1 expressed, present; peritrematal shields longer, with anterior ends reaching close to setae z1; epistome with anterior margin smooth; ventral gnathosoma with standard number of seven transverse rows of denticles; genu III with seven (1 2/1, 2/0 1) or nine setae (2 2/1, 2/1 1)................................................................................ 2</p> <p>2. Some setae on idiosoma (z1, z3, R 1, R 3 and R 5) and legs reduced, absent (tibiae I–IV with 10, 7, 7, 7 setae; genua I–IV with 10, 7, 7, 9 setae; and femora with 12, 9, 6, 6 setae); metasternal setae (st4) and associated lyrifissures (iv3) situated on soft integument (reductus group)..................................... Mycomelichares reductus Mašán &amp; Joharchi sp. nov.</p> <p>– Setae z1, z3, R 1, R 3 and R 5 expressed, present; leg setation not strongly hypotrichous, standard for the family (tibiae I–IV with 13, 10, 8, 10 setae; genua I–IV with 13,11, 8, nine setae; and femora with 12, 11, 6, 6 setae); metasternal setae (st4) and associated lyrifissures (iv3) situated on platelets (cyllodi group)..................................................... 3</p> <p>3. Anus situated in central part of anal shield, the shield smaller, with anterior margin reaching level of setae JV3; pre-anal setae SV2 present; fixed digit of chelicera with 8−9 denticles........... Mycomelichares cyllodi (Samšiňák, 1960) comb. nov.</p> <p>− Anus situated in posterior part of anal shield, the shield larger, with anterior margin reaching level of setae JV2; setae SV2 absent; fixed digit of chelicera with 6−7 denticles................ Mycomelichares slovacus (Mašán, 1998) comb. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3384A3BFFCB9D0E1FB210E5FA4FFA34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mašán, Peter;Joharchi, Omid;Abramov, Vladimir V.	Mašán, Peter, Joharchi, Omid, Abramov, Vladimir V. (2021): A new genus and two new species of melicharid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with wood-decaying fungi and mycophagous erotylid beetles (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (1): 157-173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.10
B3384A3BFFC79D0B1FB21542FDABFBD3.text	B3384A3BFFC79D0B1FB21542FDABFBD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mycomelichares polypori Masan & Joharchi 2021	<div><p>Mycomelichares polypori Mašán &amp; Joharchi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1–17)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype female: SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians Mountains, Pernek Village, Mäsiarsky Ostrovec Forest, on Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Quélet (Fungi: Basidiomycota, Polyporales) growing on beech stump, beech forest, 470 m a.s.l., June 26, 2019. Paratypes: 28 females, with the same data as for holotype; one female, with the same collection site as for holotype, under elytra of Triplax sp. (Coleoptera, Erotylidae) found on Hydnum sp. (Fungi: Basidiomycota, Cantharellales), June 6, 2019; three females, with the same collection site as for holotype, on Triplax lepida (Faldermann) found on P. squamosus, July 2, 2019; ten females, with the same collection site as for holotype, on Triplax rufipes (Fabricius) found on P. squamosus, July 2, 2019; seven females, SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians Mountains, Bratislava Capital, Horský Park, on P. squamosus growing on logs of Prunus avium, broadleaved forest, 230 m a.s.l., June 21, 2019; two females, SW Slovakia, Rusovce Village, Rusovecký Park, under elytra of Triplax sp. found on unidentified wood decaying fungus, flood-plain forest, 140 m a.s.l., April 25, 2019; one male, the same collection site as previous record, on P. squamosus, May 4, 2019; three females, SW Slovakia, Považský Inovec Mountains, Hrádok Village, Hrádocká Dolina Valley, on Triplax sp. found on P. squamosus, broadleaved forest, 410 m a.s.l., August 2, 1997. All specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.</p> <p>Diagnosis (Adults)</p> <p>Idiosoma widely oval, with legs shorter than dorsal shield. Dorsal shield normally with 32–33 pairs of setae, 18–19 pairs on podonotal (j1–j6, z2, z4–z6, s1–s6, r3, and r4; r6 often on soft integument in female) and 14 pairs on opisthonotal portion (J1–J5, Z1–Z5, S2–S5); setae z1, z3, r2, r5, and S1 not expressed, absent; setae of R- setal rows completely situated on soft integument close to posterolateral margins of the shield in female, or fully reduced and absent in male; male dorsal setae conspicuously longer than those in female. Female tritosternum robust, brushshaped, with shortened, thickened and densely pilose laciniae; male tritosternum relatively small, with short base, thin and sparsely pilose laciniae. In female, metasternal setae (st4) and associate lyrifissures (iv3) situated on soft integument. Peritremes shortened, with anterior ends reaching the level between setae s1 and s2. Anus small. Ventral surface of hypostome normally with nine transverse rows of denticles (not discernible in male); anteriormost rostral setae h1 longest, thickened basally and slightly spatulate distally in female (not modified in male); other setae on hypostome needle-like. In female, chelicera with relatively shorter and wider digits, and robust and sharp denticles; fixed digit with usually 5–7 denticles in addition to bidentate terminal hook; male spermatodactyl narrowed terminally, nearly as long as fixed digit.Anterior margin of epistome denticulate (female) or smooth (male). Gnathosomal corniculi horn-like and well spaced. Palp apotele 2-tined. Ventral surface of genu III with one ventral seta (pv absent); some of dorsal setae on trachanters and femora thickened, spur-like; male leg II not armed by spurs.</p> <p>Description (Adults)</p> <p>Female. Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 1, 7). Idiosoma widely oval to round (especially in mature specimens with egg), up to 640 μm in length and 500 μm in width, often not completely covered by dorsal shield; the shield widely oval, usually with lateral margins irregularly formed, 480–570 μm long and 345–390 μm wide (n=15), completely and densely reticulate, bearing 32–33 pairs of setae of which 18–19 pairs on podonotal portion (j1–j6, z2, z4–z6, s1–s6, r3, and r4; r6 often on soft integument in female) and 14 pairs on opisthonotal portion (J1–J5, Z1–Z5, S2–S5); setae z1, z3, r2, r5, and S1 absent. Except setae Z5 (49–58 μm), all dorsal shield setae similar in size and form, simple, needle-like and short; lengths of some selected setae as follows: j1 25–30 μm, j5 14–18 μm, r3 28–34 μm, J1–J3 18–25 μm, J4 24–29 μm, J5 6–11 μm, Z1–Z4 24–31 μm, S2– S4 25–33 μm, S5 24 –30 μm.</p> <p>Ventral idiosoma (Figs 2, 8). Tritosternum robust, with columnar base and thickened laciniae, laciniae proximally fused, distally with dense pilosity, brush-shaped (Fig. 12). Presternal region transversely striate, weakly sclerotised, with a pair of elongate, obliquely oriented and indistinct platelets. Sternal shield wider than long, 84–98 μm long and 115–130 μm wide between coxae II, densely reticulate throughout except for very narrow posteriormost surface; anterior margin with slight medial concavity, posterior margin straight or slightly concave; shield with two pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2) and three pairs of similar setae (st1 12–16 μm, st2 14–18 μm, st3 16–21 μm). Metasternal setae (st4) shortest of those on ventrum, 9–13 μm long, together with associated lyrifissures (iv3) situated on soft integument (metasternal platelets absent). Endopodal plates between coxae III–IV narrow. Epigynal shield oblong, relatively wide (especially in anterior portion), moderately constricted at level of genital setae (st5), tongue-shaped, 170–185 μm long and 82–92 μm wide (st5–st5 75–82 μm), hyaline and widely convex anteriorly (hyaline part reaching only slightly beyond posterior margin of sternal shield), rounded posteriorly, bearing one pair of setae and a pattern of reticulation; genital lyrifissures (iv5) situated on soft integument behind st5. Peritremes short and relatively wide (mainly close to stigma), with anterior ends reaching anterior margin of coxae I; peritrematal shields reduced to narrow plate fused to outer medial section of peritremes, and short poststigmatic parts tapered terminally and narrowly fused to exopodal plates. Soft integument behind coxae IV with a pair of small and suboval metapodal platelets; four pairs of very weakly defined narrow sclerites present close to posterior margin of epigynal shield (three pairs), and behind coxae IV (one pair). Anal shield suboval to ovoid, oblong, rounded anteriorly, convex or almost straight posteriorly, 97–112 μm long and 75–89 μm wide, with reticulate surface, three circum-anal setae, and a pair of marginal gland pores (gv3) at level of posterior margin of anal opening; postanal seta almost twice longer than adanals (pa 25–30 μm, ad 14–18 μm); anus small, 23–28 μm long and 15–19 μm wide, with anteromedial to almost central position on the shield. Soft lateral and opisthogastrict integument bearing normally 16 pairs of setae (JV1–JV5, ZV1, ZV2, ZV4, ZV5, SV2, UR, R1–R5), submarginal setae at level of coxae IV absent; opisthogastric setae simple and needle-like (JV1 11–16 μm, JV2 14–19 μm, JV5 35–44 μm).</p> <p>Sperm induction system (Fig. 17). Coxae III associated with thin and long tubular section, other components of sperm system not discernible.</p> <p>Gnathosomal structures (Figs 3, 4, 6, 9–11, 13, 14). Anterior margin of epistome normally narrowly convex, irregularly denticulate, sometimes with inconspicuous central apex formed by larger or isolated denticle; sometimes epistome subtriangular, with well-tapered apex, rarely tricuspidate (Figs 4, 11, 13, 14). Venter of hypostome with widened longitudinal furrow and increased number of nine transverse rows of denticles, occasionally with five or up to 11 rows of denticles, each row with multiple denticles; corniculi horn-like, well spaced, more or less convergent to each other, not reaching apices of internal malae (Figs 3, 9). Anterior rostral setae (h1) thickened, with distal spatulate portion, other rostral setae simple and needle-like (h1 32–37 μm, h2 11–17 μm, h3 17–22 μm, pc 16–21 μm). Median article of chelicera 72–87 μm long; cheliceral denticles well-developed, robust; fixed digit normally with six denticles (rarely five or seven) in addition to terminal bidentate hook, movable digit with three denticles and terminal hook (Figs 6, 10).</p> <p>Legs. All legs with well-developed pretarsus and ambulacral apparatus (including pulvillus and two claws), shorter than dorsal shield: legs I 390–430 μm, legs II 320–345 μm, legs III 340–365 μm, legs IV 425–460 μm long. Leg chaetotaxy pattern as follows: leg I – coxa (2), trochanter (6), femur 2 3/1, 2/2 2 (12), genu 2 3/2, 3/1 2 (13), tibia 2 3/2, 3/1 2 (13); leg II – coxa (2), trochanter (5), femur 2 3/1, 2/2 1 (11), genu 2 3/1, 2/1 2 (11), tibia 2 2/1, 2/1 2 (10); leg III – coxa (2), trochanter (5), femur 1 2/1, 1/0 1 (6), genu 2 2/1, 2/0 1 (8), tibia 2 1/1, 2/1 1 (8); leg IV – coxa (1), trochanter (5), femur 1 2/1, 1/0 1 (6), genu 2 2/1, 3/0 1 (9), tibia 2 1/1, 3/1 2 (10). Leg setae smooth and mostly needle-like; some dorsal setae enlarged, spiniform (pd on trochanter I; ad1, pd1, pd2 on femur I and II; ad1 on femur III; pd2 on genu III; ad1 on femur IV); some setae minute (av, pv2 on trochanter I; av, ad2, ad3 on femur I and II; av2 on genu I; av on genu II and tibia II; pd and pl on femur IV). No macrosetae on tarsi I–IV present.</p> <p>Male (Figs 5, 15, 16). Dorsal shield widely oval, 425 μm long and 318 μm wide; shield with similar chaetotaxy to female, except absence of posteromarginal setae (R1–R5), completely and very weakly reticulate, slightly expanded posterolateraly and covering narrow lateral strips of ventral idiosoma (setae Z5, S4 and S5 with ventral position); most of dorsal setae longer as in female: j1 24–28 μm, j5 27–32 μm, podonotal setae with medial position 36–45 μm, podonotal setae with marginal position 45–50 μm, opisthonotal setae with medial position 39–42 μm, opisthonotal setae with marginal position 48–62 μm. Tritosternum with columnar base and two laciniae; base short, narrowed distally and denticulate laterally; laciniae thin, sparsely and shorty pilose (Fig. 16). Venter probably with two separate plates, sternogenital and ventrianal shield (their adjacent margins not clearly visible due to surface invagination), both very delicately reticulate; sternogenital portion with three pairs of lyrifissures and five pairs of setae: st1 19–20 μm, st2 15–17, st3 19 μm, st4 16–18 μm, st5 26–28 μm; ventrianal shield with five pairs of setae in addition to three circum-anal setae: JV1 15 μm, JV2 33–35, JV3 24–27 μm, JV4 21–30 μm, ZV2 25–30 μm; ad 16–17 μm, pa 35 μm. Opisthogastric soft integument with only two pairs of setae: JV5 54 μm, ZV4 27–29 μm. Peritrematal shields with posterior ends connected to exopodal shields, free from anterolateral corners of ventrianal shield; relative length of peritremes similar to that of female.</p> <p>Gnathosoma similar to that of female, ventral hypostome with transverse rows weakly defined and very finely denticulate. Epistome regularly convex, with smooth margin (Figs 5, 15). Chelicera with distally narrowed spermatodactyl, spermatodactyl about as long as fixed digit; cheliceral digits with the same number of smaller denticles as in female. Rostral setae uniform, similar in lengths: h1 22–23 μm, h2 15–16, h3 16–18μm, pc 16–17 μm.</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism of leg setae not marked. Lengths of legs as follows: legs I 345–355 μm, legs II 290–300 μm, legs III 305–310 μm, legs IV 395–400 μm.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The name of this species refers to its specific association with the polypore bracket fungus, dryad’s saddle Polyporus squamosus (classified by some mycologists in the genus Cerioporus P. Micheli ex Adans.).</p> <p>Ecological notes</p> <p>Mycomelichares polypori appears to be a specialised mycetobiont exclusively colonising the fruiting bodies of Polyporus squamosus, where it occurs inside the large pores of the active hymenophore. This polypore fungus has a widespread distribution, being found in North America, Australia, Asia, and Europe, where it causes a white rot in the heartwood of living and dead hardwood trees. Mycomelichares polypori is common and abundant species often with several dozens of mites in a single fungus, and with well-developed phoretic activity on erotylid beetles of the genus Triplax. In Slovakia, it is distributed mainly in lowlands and lower mountainous areas, and it was not found on the host fungi collected in higher mountainous habitats, or on dried out or rotting fruiting bodies of the old fungi. Mites can be extracted directly from fruiting bodies using forceps, but it was necessary to wait a while after collecting the mushrooms until the mites began to climb out of the hymenophoral pores and move freely around the fruiting body. I could collect many individuals directly from dark clothing when they left the fungus, and on which they contrasted significantly like bright dots.</p> <p>Bracket fungi provide a microhabitat for a wide variety of mite groups. The Mesostigmata in these fungi are mostly predators, but a few genera include truly mycophagous species (Walter &amp; Proctor, 2013). These fungus-feeding or fungus-inhabiting species have developed some striking adaptations for life in fungal spore-tubes (Lindquist, 1995), especially such as strongly narrowed and elongated body. Interestingly, this adaptation did not occur in Mycomelichares polypori, probably because the tubes of the host fungus are very wide and spacious in comparison with all other basidiomycete bracket fungi.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3384A3BFFC79D0B1FB21542FDABFBD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mašán, Peter;Joharchi, Omid;Abramov, Vladimir V.	Mašán, Peter, Joharchi, Omid, Abramov, Vladimir V. (2021): A new genus and two new species of melicharid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with wood-decaying fungi and mycophagous erotylid beetles (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (1): 157-173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.10
B3384A3BFFCE9D0E1FB2170CFA95FCF8.text	B3384A3BFFCE9D0E1FB2170CFA95FCF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mycomelichares reductus Masan & Joharchi 2021	<div><p>Mycomelichares reductus Mašán &amp; Joharchi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 18–32)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype female: W Russia, Tula Region, vicinity of Suvorov Town (54°07‘N, 36°30‘E), on Tritoma bipustulata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Erotylidae), August 14, 2019, lgt. V. V. Abramov. Paratypes: nine females, with the same data as for holotype. All specimens are deposited in the collection of the acarological collection of the Tyumen State University, Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia (TUMZ).</p> <p>Diagnosis (Female)</p> <p>Idiosoma oval, oblong, with legs shorter than dorsal shield. Dorsal shield with 38 pairs of setae, 21 pairs on podonotal (j1–j6, z2, z4–z6, s1–s6, and r3–r6) and 17 pairs on opisthonotal portion (J1–J5, Z1–Z5, S2–S5, R2, and R4); setae z1, z3, R1, R3, and R5 not expressed, absent. Tritosternum robust, brush-shaped. Metasternal setae (st4) and associate lyrifissures (iv3) situated on soft integument. Peritremes long, with anterior ends reaching close to paravertical setae (z1). Anus small. Ventral surface of hypostome with seven transverse rows of denticles; anteriormost rostral setae h1 longest, thickened basally and slightly spatulate distally; other setae on hypostome needle-like. Cheliceral digits with robust and sharp denticles; fixed digit with usually 5–7 denticles in addition to bidentate terminal hook. Epistome with smooth anterior margin. Gnathosomal corniculi horn-like,with apparently adjacent and convergent apices. Palp apotele 2-tined. Most leg segments strongly hypotrichous.</p> <p>Description (Female)</p> <p>Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 18, 27). Idiosoma oval, up to 280 μm in width, not completely covered by dorsal shield; the shield narrowly oval, oblong, 440–460 μm long and 235–245 μm wide (n=10), completely and densely reticulate except small area behind setae J4, bearing 38 pairs of setae. Except longest setae Z5 (64–69 μm), longer posterior setae Z3 and S4 (both 35–40 μm), and shortest J5 (12–15 μm), all dorsal shield setae similar in size and form, simple, needle-like and short; lengths of some selected setae as follows: j1–j6, z5, s1 r2 21–25 μm; z2, s2–s5, r4, r5 24–27 μm; z4 30–33 μm; z6, s6, r6 18–21 μm; r3 28–30 μm; J1–J3, Z1, Z4, S1–S3, S5 16–22 μm; J4, R2, R4 14–18 μm; Z2 24–27 μm.</p> <p>Ventral idiosoma (Figs 19, 28). Tritosternum robust, with columnar base and thickened laciniae, laciniae proximally fused, distally with dense pilosity, brush-shaped. Presternal region weakly transversely striate and sclerotised, with a pair of elongate, obliquely oriented and indistinct platelets. Sternal shield slightly wider than long, 87–91 μm long and 96–100 μm wide between coxae II, reticulate throughout; reticulate pattern predominated by transverse lines; anterior margin with slight medial concavity, posterior margin slightly concave; shield with two pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2) and three pairs of similar setae (st1 24–26 μm, st2 21–23 μm, st3 27–29 μm). Metasternal setae (st4) and genital setae (st5) shorter than those on sternal shield, 16–19 μm long; st4 together with associated lyrifissures (iv3) situated on soft integument (metasternal platelets absent). Endopodal plates between coxae III–IV well developed, with narrow anterior ends reaching well beyond the level of st3. Epigynal shield oblong, wider in anterior portion, moderately constricted at level of genital setae (st5), tongue-shaped, 143–158 μm long, 73–85 μm wide in anterior and 58–65 μm in posterior portion (st5–st5 53–61 μm), hyaline and widely convex anteriorly (hyaline part not reaching posterior margin of sternal shield), slightly curved posteriorly, bearing one pair of setae and a pattern of reticulation; genital lyrifissures (iv5) situated on soft integument behind st5. Peritremes well developed, long and relatively wide (mainly in their posterior sections), with anterior ends reaching the level of setae j2; peritrematal shields reduced to short poststigmatic parts tapered terminally, and free or narrowly fused to exopodal plates. Soft integument behind coxae IV with a pair of small and elongate metapodal platelets, and one pair of small narrow sclerites. Anal shield ovoid, narrowly rounded anteriorly, almost straight posteriorly, 92–96 μm long and 70–76 μm wide, usually with transverse sculptural lines, three circum-anal setae, and a pair of marginal gland pores (gv3) at level of posterior margin of anal opening; postanal seta longer than adanals (pa 26–33 μm, ad 17–21 μm); anus small, 22–27 μm long and 13–16 μm wide, with almost central position on the shield. Soft lateral and opisthogastrict integument bearing normally eleven pairs of setae (JV1–JV5, ZV1–ZV5, UR), submarginal setae at level of coxae IV absent; opisthogastric setae simple and needle-like (JV1 and JV2 16–19 μm, JV5 36–40 μm, ZV1 11–13 μm).</p> <p>Sperm induction system. Not discernible.</p> <p>Gnathosomal structures (Figs 20–22, 29–32). Anterior margin of epistome convex, smooth (Figs 21, 31). Venter of hypostome with seven transverse rows of denticles: anterior four rows each with several denticles, fifth and sixth rows widened and each with at least 20 denticles, seventh row with about ten denticles; corniculi horn-like, with adjacent and convergent apices; internal malae with tips reaching slightly beyond corniculi (Figs 20, 29). Anterior rostral setae (h1) thickened, with distal spatulate portion, other rostral setae simple and needle-like (h1 31–35 μm, h2 14–18 μm, h3 23–26 μm, pc 22–25 μm). Median article of chelicera 75–79 μm long; cheliceral denticles well-developed, robust and sharp, directed forward; fixed digit normally with seven denticles in addition to terminal bidentate hook (seen in dorsal or ventral view), movable digit with three denticles and terminal hook (Figs 22, 32).</p> <p>Legs (Figs 23–26). All legs with well-developed pretarsus and ambulacral apparatus (including pulvillus and two claws), shorter than dorsal shield, legs I somewhat longer than legs IV: legs I 340–365 μm, legs II 265–290 μm, legs III 255–280 μm, legs IV 335–355 μm long. Leg chaetotaxy pattern with most segments strongly hypotrichous, as follows: leg I – coxa (2), trochanter (6), femur 2 3/1, 2/2 2 (12), genu 1 3/1, 2/1 2 (10), tibia 2 2/1, 2/1 2 (10); leg II – coxa (2), trochanter (5), femur 1 3/1, 2/1 1 (9), genu 1 2/1, 2/0 1 (7), tibia 1 1/1, 2/1 1 (7); leg III – coxa (2), trochanter (5), femur 1 2/1, 1/0 1 (6), genu 1 2/1, 2/0 1 (7), tibia 1 1/1, 2/1 1 (7); leg IV – coxa (1), trochanter (5), femur 1 2/1, 1/0 1 (6), genu 2 2/1, 3/0 1 (9), tibia 1 1/1, 2/1 1 (7). Leg setae smooth and mostly needle like, as in Figs 23–26.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name is derived from the Latin word reductus (reduced) and expresses an important feature of the species—an unusual and strong reduction of leg setae in comparison with its congeners, and most other members of Melicharidae.</p> <p>Taxonomic and ecological notes</p> <p>Diagnostic character states for Mycomelichares reductus are the absence of dorsal shield setae z1, z3, R1, R3 and R5 and reduction of many of leg setae normally developed in most of Melicharidae (only a member of the monobasic genus Mycolaelaps Lindquist, 1995 from North America has similar strong reduction of leg setation). This species has the R- setae considerably reduced, with only two pairs expressed (R2, R4) and placed on the posterior lateral margins of the dorsal shield. Among the proposed species groups of the new genus (see a note above or the identification key below), M. reductus should be considered as a species with a separate position between the Proctolaelaps -like species of the cyllodi group having their R- setal rows completely expressed and with R1−R4 on the opisthonotal portion of the shield, and the Mycomelichares polypori, constituting the most specialised monobasic species group characterised by the R- setal rows completely situated on the soft integument, outside the shield.</p> <p>Mycomelichares reductus has been found as a phoretic associate of the erotylid beetle Tritoma bipustulata. This host species was considered to be a specific phoront for its congeneric mite Mycomelichares slovacus, described on the base of specimens from the same host in Slovakia (Mašán, 1998). Apparently, in different geographical areas of its distribution, T. bipustulata can serve for dispersal to various mites with similar ecological requirements.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3384A3BFFCE9D0E1FB2170CFA95FCF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mašán, Peter;Joharchi, Omid;Abramov, Vladimir V.	Mašán, Peter, Joharchi, Omid, Abramov, Vladimir V. (2021): A new genus and two new species of melicharid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with wood-decaying fungi and mycophagous erotylid beetles (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (1): 157-173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.10
B3384A3BFFC59D021FB217C5FC58FD68.text	B3384A3BFFC59D021FB217C5FC58FD68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mycomelichares Masan & Joharchi 2021	<div><p>Mycomelichares Mašán &amp; Joharchi gen. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1–32)</p> <p>Type species: Mycomelichares polypori Mašán &amp; Joharchi sp. nov.</p> <p>Other included species: Mycomelichares reductus Mašán &amp; Joharchi sp. nov., Mycomelichares cyllodi (Samšiňák, 1960) comb. nov., and Mycomelichares slovacus (Mašán, 1998) comb. nov.</p> <p>Diagnosis and description (Adults)</p> <p>Female idiosoma oval to widely oval, with all legs shorter than dorsal shield. Dorsal shield with normal (42 pairs) to decreased number of 38 or 32–33 pairs of setae (setae z1, z3, r2, r5, S1, R1, R3, R5 may absent; setae R5 always on soft integument if expressed; R1–R4 and r6 sometimes situated on soft integument beside lateral margins of the shield); podonotal plate of the shield with 19, 21 or 23 pairs of setae, opisthonotal plate with 14, 17 or 19 pairs of setae. Idiosomal setae simple and smooth, needle-like, except setae Z5 mostly short to very short, usually with their tips not reaching half the distance to the bases of following setae; male dorsal setae conspicuously longer than those of female. Female tritosternum robust, enlarged, brush-shaped, with shortened, thickened and densely pilose laciniae; male tritosternum relatively small, with short base, thin and sparsely pilose laciniae. Dorsal shield and all ventral shields in female entirely, densely and strongly reticulate on their surface; in male, reticulation of sternitogenital and ventrianal shield less defined, weakly developed. In female, metasternal setae (st4) and associate lyrifissures situated on soft integument, or on small platelets. Peritremes normal or moderately shortened, with anterior ends reaching close to paravertical setae (z1), or the level between setae s1 and s2. Sternal shield wider than long, epigynal shield with short hyaline portion reaching at most the level of lyrifissures iv2. Anus small, postanal seta (pa) shorter than setae JV5. Female with submarginal setae (UR) strongly reduced, its soft integument with JV1–JV5, ZV1– ZV5 (ZV3 may be absent), SV2 present or absent, 1 x UR, sometimes R1–R5; submarginal setae on soft integument at level of coxae IV not expressed, absent. Ventral surface of hypostome with normal (seven rows) or with increased number of nine transverse rows of denticles; anteriormost rostral setae (h1) longest, enlarged, thickened in basal part and slightly spatulate in distal part in female (not modified in male); other setae on hypostome simple, needle-like. In female, chelicera with relatively short and wide digits, denticles relatively robust, long and sharp, usually sligthly curved; fixed digit almost dish-shaped, with 5–9 denticles in addition to bifurcate terminal hook; male spermatodactyl narrowed terminally, nearly as long as fixed digit. Gnathosomal corniculi horn-like, well spaced and less or more convergent. Internal malae tubular, and finely ciliated, longer or as long as corniculi. Palp apotele 2-tined. Leg chaetotaxy typical of Melicharidae (tibiae I–IV with 13, 10, 8, 10 setae; genua I–IV with 13, 11, 9, 9 setae; and femora with 12, 11, 6, 6 setae), or modified and with number of setae significantly reduced (tibiae I–IV with 10, 7, 7, 7 setae; genua I–IV with 10, 7, 7, 9 setae; and femora with 12, 9, 6, 6 setae); some of dorsal setae on trochanters and femora thickened, spur-like; male leg II not armed by spurs.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The name is derived from the valid generic name Melichares and the Ancient Greek words μύκης (mukēs), meaning “fungus”, and used as a prefix. It refers to the specific association of all the members with the wood-decaying fungi, and the fact, that the type species is similar to Melichares by the placement of the posterior marginal setae (R1–R5) on soft integument.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes</p> <p>Based on our observations on Mycomelichares, and from comparison with other melicharid genera and species, we conclude that the following female characteristics should be considered as apomorphic for the genus: (1) tritosternal base and laciniae enlarged and thickened, laciniae fused basally and shortened distally, with long and dense pilosity forming a typical brush-shaped form; (2) rostral setae negligibly flattened distally, paddle-shaped; (3) cheliceral denticles conspicuously long, narrow, sharp and often slightly curved. Such a form of tritosternum and cheliceral dentation cannot be detected in any other species of Melicharidae.</p> <p>Other important characters to be considered, which could establish a separate position of the new genus from other melicharid genera, but which cannot be consistently detected in all congeners, are: (1) dorsal shield setae decreased in number due to their absence (z1, z3, r2, S1, R1, R3, and R5; in male also R1–R5), or their position on soft integument outside the shield in female (R1–R5, sometimes also r6); (2) sexual dimorphism of tritosternum and anterior pair of rostral setae h1 (in female tritosternum brush-shaped and h1 paddle-shaped, but male with these structures normal, not modified in a form); (3) metasternal setae and associated pores situated on soft integument; (4) strong hypotrichy of most leg segments; and (5) hypostome with unusually increased number of transverse rows of denticles (normally nine rows present).</p> <p>Generally, the new genus as a whole shows relatively high diversity in external morphology, and it represents a group of morphologically heterogeneous species. The following character states were used to separate the Mycomelichares species into three species groups (see the identification key for the congeneric species below): (1) placement and expression of posterior marginal setae (completely situated on soft integument in polypori group, with anterior four pairs on lateral rims of dorsal shield in cyllodi group, and with only two expressed pairs (R2, R4) placed on the shield in reductus group); (2) expression of setae z1 and z3 (absent in polypori and reductus groups); (3) expression of setae r2, r5 and S2 (absent in polypori group); (4) leg setation (strongly hypotrichous in reductus group); (5) length of peritremes (shortened in polypori group); (6) number of transverse rows of denticles on ventral gnathosoma (increased in polypori group); (7) mutual position of corniculi (moderately adjacent and convergent distally in reductus group).</p> <p>Regularly enlarged or thickened anterior rostral setae (h1) are found in both adult stages in a number of described species of Proctolaelaps, but their modified setae are never distally flattened as in members of the new genus, and usually are not the longest when compared with the three other pairs on ventral gnathosoma. Placement of all or some of the posterior marginal setae on soft integument due to the reduction of dorsal shield in posterolateral extent together with the presence of a unique, distal mucronate process on the fixed chela (missing in two congeners) was the basis for original proposition of a new genus Mucroseius by Lindquist (1962). Existence of Melichares is derived from similar lateral reduction of the dorsal shield, not capturing r- and R- row of marginal setae (although completely expressed), and some features of the gnathosoma. The genus Orthadenella Athias-Henriot, only recently excluded from phytoseioid Blattisociidae and transferred to ascoid Melicharidae by the presence of a laelapoid-type of sperm access system by Moraza &amp; Lindquist (2011), may be especially recognised by the setiform instead of membranous pilus dentilis, and the presence of a ventrianal shield instead of an anal shield.</p> <p>The two species previously described in Proctolaelaps were newly transferred to Mycomelichares, namely Mycomelichares cyllodi (Samšiňák, 1960) comb. nov. and Mycomelichares slovacus (Mašán, 1998) comb. nov. Both are known to be inhabitants of wood-decaying fungi, and associates of mycophagous beetles (Samšiňák, 1960; Mašán, 1998). In his original descriptive paper on M. slovacus, Mašán (1998) correctly stated the number of 42 pairs of dorsal shield setae, but he did not illustrate one pair of podonotal setae (z3), and additionally illustrated one nonexistent pair between S- and R- setal rows on the opisthonotum.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3384A3BFFC59D021FB217C5FC58FD68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mašán, Peter;Joharchi, Omid;Abramov, Vladimir V.	Mašán, Peter, Joharchi, Omid, Abramov, Vladimir V. (2021): A new genus and two new species of melicharid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with wood-decaying fungi and mycophagous erotylid beetles (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 4980 (1): 157-173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.10
