taxonID	type	description	language	source
3C70D6BD67545BB8BCCF987233CF5995.taxon	description	Description. Colonies on natural substrate effuse, hairy to velutinous, dark brown to almost black. Anamorph. Conidiophores 77 - 220 x 4.5 - 6 (- 7) μm wide, 7 - 8 μm above the base, macronematous, solitary or arise in tufts, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, unbranched, dark brown, paler towards the apex, septate. Capitate hyphae absent. Conidiogenous cells 18 - 25 x 3.5 - 4.5 μm tapering to ca. 2.5 μm, integrated, terminal, monophialidic, extending percurrently, obclavate to subcylindrical or slightly lageniform, pale brown, paler towards the apex; collarettes 3 - 4 μm wide, 1.5 (- 2) μm deep, funnel-shaped, subhyaline, smooth, margin entire. Conidia 6 - 8 (- 9) μm long, 4.5 - 6 (- 7) μm wide at the apical end, ca. 2 μm wide at the basal hilum (mean + / - SD = 7.4 + / - 1.1 x 6.0 + / - 1.2 μm x 2.0 + / - 0.0 μm), rounded-obconic in side view, with three blunt corners when viewed from above, broadly rounded to flattened at the apex, truncate at the basal scar, pale brown to pale fuscous, thick-walled, smooth; formed singly, adhered in basipetal chains. Teleomorph. Unknown.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
9C9CE4E4905451E4B1D9CF1A269DB513.taxon	description	Description. Colonies on natural substrate effuse, hairy to velutinous, dark brown, mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, brown; colonies composed of conidiophores, capitate hyphae and sometimes ascomata. Anamorph. Conidiophores 115 - 200 x 4 - 4.5 μm, 4.5 - 6 μm wide above the base, macronematous, solitary or arise in tufts, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched, thick-walled, brown to dark brown, slightly paler towards the apex. Capitate hyphae 104 - 165 x 4 - 4.5 μm, 4 - 5.5 μm wide above the base, arise among the conidiophores, extending percurrently, erect, straight, brown to dark brown, paler towards the apex, apical cell sterile, thin-walled, subhyaline, slightly swollen, ca. 3.5 μm wide, broadly rounded, the hyaline gelatinous cap was not observed. Conidiogenous cells 22 - 38 x 3.5 - 4.5 μm tapering to 2 - 2.5 μm below the collarette, terminal, integrated, monophialidic, extending percurrently, cylindrical, pale brown to brown, producing conidia successively; collarettes 3.5 - 4 μm wide, 1 - 2 μm deep, shallow, funnel-shaped, pale brown, smooth, margin entire. Conidia 5.5 - 8.5 μm long, 3.5 - 5.5 μm wide at the apical end, 1.5 - 2 μm wide at the basal hilum (mean + / - SD = 7.5 + / - 0.7 x 4.3 + / - 0.4 x 1.8 + / - 0.2 μm), rounded-obconic to broadly obovoid in side view, with three bluntly rounded corners when viewed from above, broadly rounded to flattened at the apex, truncate at the basal scar, aseptate, brown to dark brown, thick-walled, smooth; formed singly, adhered in basipetal chains. Teleomorph. Ascomata 150 - 200 µm diam, 160 - 210 µm high, superficial, solitary or in groups, subglobose to conical, papillate, dark brown to black, covered with conidiophores and capitate hyphae. Ostiole periphysate. Ascomatal wall fragile, carbonaceous, 15 - 25 μm thick, two-layered. Outer layer consisting of brown, polyhedral cells with opaque walls. Inner layer consisting of several rows of thin-walled, hyaline cells. Paraphyses 2.5 - 3.5 μm wide, septate, hyaline, longer than the asci. Asci 62 - 84.5 x (6 -) 7 - 8.5 μm (mean + / - SD = 72.2 + / - 7.8 x 13.9 + / - 0.9 µm), cylindrical-clavate, short-stipitate, apically rounded to obtuse, ascal apex with a non-amyloid apical annulus 2 - 2.5 μm wide, 1.5 (- 2) μm high. Ascospores 12 - 16 (- 17.5) x 3 - 4 μm (mean + / - SD = 13.9 + / - 0.9 x 3.5 + / - 0.2 µm), fusiform, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, 3 - septate, smooth, 2 - seriate in the ascus.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
9C9CE4E4905451E4B1D9CF1A269DB513.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Costa Rica • Guanacaste, Liberia ACG, Sector Santa Maria, Estacion Biologica, trail to Bosque Encantado; 10.7647 N, - 85.3033 W; alt. 750 m; on 5 cm diam branch on ground; 26 Jun. 1997; S. M. Huhndorf (S. M. H. 3258). Costa Rica • Alajuela, Canton Upala, District Bijagua, Heliconias Station, Heliconias trail; 10.7081 N, - 85.0453 W; on 25 cm diam log on ground; alt. 1190 m; 12 Jul. 2001; S. M. Huhndorf, F. A. Fernandez, A. N. Miller & M. Darin (S. M. H. 4454). Cuba - Isla de la Juventud (Isla de Pinos) • Sierra de Casas, in a valley near El Abra, 2 km SW of Nueva Gerona; on dead trunk of Palmaceae; 22 Jan. 1981; V. Holubova-Jechova (holotype PRM 825347). Cuba - Isla de la Juventud (Isla de Pinos) • in forest near village Caryo Piedra; on wood of a trunk of a deciduous tree; 21 Jan. 1981; V. Holubova-Jechova (PRA- 19884).	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
4E9C1741926550808FFB2C716B765A58.taxon	description	Description. Colonies on natural substrate effuse, hairy or tufted, dark brown to black, mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, brown; colonies composed of conidiophores, capitate hyphae and sometimes ascomata. Anamorph. Conidiophores 100 - 350 (- 530) x 6 - 7.5 (- 8) μm, 8.5 - 10.5 wide above the base, macronematous, solitary or in tufts, with dark brown stromatic hyphal cells around the bases, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched, brown to dark brown, thick-walled, slightly paler towards the apex. Capitate hyphae 110 - 160 x 5.5 - 6 μm, 6.5 - 7 μm wide above the base, scattered among the conidiophores, erect, straight, brown to dark brown, paler towards the apex, apical cell sterile, thin-walled, subhyaline, slightly swollen, ca. 7 μm wide, broadly rounded with a hyaline gelatinous cap that disappears with age. Conidiogenous cells 40 - 59 x 5.5 - 6.5 μm, not tapering, terminal, integrated, monophialidic, extending percurrently, cylindrical, brown, producing conidia successively; collarettes 9.5 - 12.5 μm wide and 10 - 12.5 μm deep, funnel-shaped, brown, slightly roughened, with an irregularly frayed margin. Conidia (9 -) 10.5 - 13.5 μm long, 7 - 9.5 μm wide at the apical end, 3.5 - 4.5 μm wide at the basal hilum (mean + / - SD = 11.8 + / - 0.7 x 8.0 + / - 0.6 μm x 4.0 + / - 0.3 μm), cuneiform in side view, with (3 -) 4 (- 5) blunt corners when viewed from above, flattened to broadly rounded at the apex, truncate at the base, aseptate, fulvous, brown to dark brown, thick-walled, smooth; formed singly, adhered in basipetal chains.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
4E9C1741926550808FFB2C716B765A58.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Belgium • West Flanders province, Adinkerke, Cabour; on decaying wood of Populus sp.; 21 Oct. 2007; B. Declerque (IFBL D 0.16.23). Czech Republic - Moravia • Lanzhot, Ranspurk National nature reserve; alt. 150 m; on decaying wood of Carpinus betulus; 14. Aug. 1979; V. Holubova-Jechova (PRA- 19887) • Ibid.; on decaying wood of Populus alba, 28 Jul. 1970, V. Holubova-Jechova (PRA- 19888) • Ibid.; on decaying wood Quercus robur, 28. Aug. 1976, V. Holubova-Jechova (PRA- 19889). Czech Republic - Moravia • Bile Karpaty, Velka Javorina Mt. near Kamenna Bouda; alt. 660 m; on decaying wood of a branch of Fagus sylvatica; 27 Jul. 1970; V. Holubova-Jechova (PRA- 19886). France - Ariege • Pyrenees Mts., Rimont, Las Muros, alt. 480 m; on decaying wood of Fraxinus excelsior; 4 Feb. 1999; J. Fournier J. F. 99018 (PRA- 19890). France - Ariege • Pyrenees Mts., Rimont, Las Muros, valley of the Peyrau brook, alt. 400 m; on decaying wood of Buxus sempervivens; 9 Nov. 1999, J. Fournier J. F. 99261 (PRA- 19892) • Ibid.; on decaying wood of Salix caprea; 12 Mar. 2000; J. Fournier J. F. 00026 (PRA- 19891). France - Ariege • Pyrenees Mts., Rimont, La Maille brook; alt. 550 m; on submerged wood; 28 May 2018; J. Fournier M. R. 4104 (PRA- 19893). Slovak Republic • Brezova near Senica; on decaying wood of a trunk of Salix alba; 6 Aug. 1976; V. Holubova-Jechova (PRA- 19885). United Kingdom - Somerset • Langridge, on decaying wood of roots of Ulmus sp.; Apr. 1869; C. E. Broome (holotype of S. cupulifera K (M) 57177). United Kingdom • on decaying wood; 14 Apr. 1873; ex Herbarium C. E. Broome 1886 (W 7972) • Ibid.; ex Herbarium C. E. Broome 1886, no. 366 (W 7973).	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
89E4CCBBF4765098A900F8C5DF46F1CD.taxon	description	Emended description. Colonies effuse, hairy to velutinous, brown, dark brown to black, mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial; composed of conidiophores, capitate hyphae and sometimes ascomata. Anamorph. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, solitary or in tufts, with dark stromatic hyphal cells around the bases, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched, brown to dark brown, thick-walled, paler and thinner-walled towards the apex. Capitate hyphae scattered among the conidiophores, occasionally absent, erect, brown, extending percurrently, paler towards the apex, apical cell sterile, thin-walled, subhyaline to hyaline, slightly swollen, broadly rounded with a hyaline mucilaginous cap that may disappear with age. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monophialidic, extending percurrently, cylindrical, subcylindrical or somewhat lageniform, brown, conidia produced successively; collarettes cup- or funnel-shaped, brown, smooth or slightly roughened, margin entire or frayed. Conidia cuneiform, obclavate, rounded-obconic to broadly obovoid in side view, with an angular outline when viewed from above with 3 - 6 blunt corners, broadly rounded to flattened at the apex, truncate at the distinctive, hyaline basal hilum, with a small, circular, thin-walled, pore-like area visible in the cell wall at each corner, sometimes with a visible central pore at the base, aseptate, hyaline when young, fuscous, fulvous, brown to dark brown at maturity, thick-walled, smooth; formed singly, adhered in basipetal chains, occasionally in clusters. Teleomorph. Ascomata perithecial, non-stromatic, superficial, globose, subglobose to conical, papillate, glabrous occasionally with a powdery layer that disappears with age, sometimes covered with conidiophores and capitate hyphae. Ostiolar canal periphysate. Ascomatal wall carbonaceous, two-layered. Paraphyses persistent, branching, anastomosing, hyaline, longer than the asci. Asci unitunicate, short-stipitate, apical annulus non-amyloid, with eight ascospores. Ascospores fusiform, transversely septate, hyaline, smooth, without mucilaginous sheath or appendages.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
6A1E433B6EEE55D4A7B5FBDE41833AF3.taxon	description	Description. Colonies on the natural substrate effuse, tufted or hairy, dark brown to black, mycelium partly immersed, partly semi-immersed, pale brown to brown; colonies composed of conidiophores, capitate hyphae and sometimes ascomata. Anamorph. Conidiophores macronematous, solitary or arise in tufts, with dark brown stromatic hyphal cells around the base, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched, thick-walled, paler towards the apex, forming two layers. Conidiophores of the lower layer 95 - 212 x 3.5 - 4.5 (- 5) μm, 4.5 - 5.5 (- 8.5) μm wide above the base, pale brown to brown; conidiophores of the upper layer 260 - 527 x 4.5 - 7 μm long, 7.5 - 10 μm wide above the base, dark brown. Capitate hyphae 122 - 186 x 3.5 - 5 μm, 5 - 5.5 μm wide above the base, scattered among the conidiophores, erect, straight, brown, extending percurrently, paler towards the apex, apical cell subhyaline, slightly swollen, 3.5 - 4 μm wide, broadly rounded, thin-walled; the hyaline gelatinous cap was not observed. Conidiogenous cells 15 - 40 x 3.5 - 5.5 μm tapering to 2.5 - 3 μm below the collarette, integrated, terminal, monophialidic, extending percurrently, cylindrical to slightly lageniform, pale brown to brown, producing conidia successively; collarettes 3.5 - 5 (- 6) μm wide, 1.5 - 2.5 μm deep, shallow, funnel-shaped, pale brown to subhyaline, smooth, margin entire. Conidia (6.5 -) 7.5 - 10.5 (- 13) μm long, 6.5 - 11.5 μ wide at the apical end, 1.5 - 2.5 μm wide at the base (mean + / - SD = 8.9 + / - 0.9 x 9.0 + / - 1.2 x 2.1 + / - 0.2 μm), cuneiform to rounded-obconic to obtriangular in side view, with 3 - 5 blunt corners when viewed from above, broadly rounded to flattened at the apex, truncate at the basal scar with a central pore, aseptate, pale brown to dark brown, thick-walled, smooth; formed singly, adhered in basipetal chains or clusters. Teleomorph. Ascomata 230 - 250 μm diam, 250 - 275 μm high, superficial, solitary or densely aggregated, subglobose to globose, covered by a whitish-grey powder except for the black glabrous papilla; the powdery covering is ca. 5 - 15 μm thick, disappearing with age, leaving the perithecia dark and glabrous. Ascomata sparsely covered with conidiophores. Ostiole periphysate. Ascomatal wall fragile, carbonaceous, 30 - 37.5 μm thick, two-layered. Outer layer consisting of dark brown, opaque, thin-walled, polyhedral cells. Inner layer consisting of hyaline, thinner-walled, elongated, compressed cells. Paraphyses 3 - 4 μm wide, tapering to ca. 2 μm, branching, anastomosing, septate, hyaline, longer than asci. Asci 102 - 112 x 8 - 9 (- 9.5) μm (mean + / - SD = 106 + / - 1.6 x 8.9 + / - 0.2 µm), cylindrical-clavate, short-stipitate, rounded apically, ascal apex with a non-amyloid apical annulus 3 μm diam, 1.5 - 2 μm high. Ascospores 25 - 29 (- 30) x (3.5 -) 4 - 4.5 μm (mean + / - SD = 27 + / - 0.5 x 4 + / - 0.7 µm), fusiform, straight or curved, hyaline, 1 - 3 - septate, smooth, 1 - 2 - seriate in the ascus (adapted from Reblova and Seifert 2003).	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
6A1E433B6EEE55D4A7B5FBDE41833AF3.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Cuba - Sancti Spiritus province • Soledad, Cienfuegos Province Botanical Garden; on decaying stem of Bambusa vulgaris; 19 Mar. 1981; M. A. Bondarceva & S. Herrera (holotype of C. cuneiformis var. minor PRM 828704). Thailand - Nakhon Nayok Province • Khao Yai National Park, trail to Haew Suwat waterfall, elev. 720 m; on decaying bamboo culm; 2 Sep. 2001; M. Reblova, Gary J. Samuels & R. Nasit M. R. 2186 / TH 438 (holotype of Ch. trianguloconidia PRM 900544).	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
A515EA174A3B57D58FD56C6A08E887DD.taxon	description	Description. Colonies on natural substrate effuse, tufted or velutinous, dark brown, mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, brown; colonies composed of conidiophores, capitate hyphae and sometimes ascomata. Anamorph. Conidiophores 90 - 354 x 7.5 - 9.5 μm, 7 - 10.5 μm wide near the swollen base, macronematous, solitary or arise in tufts, with dark stromatic hyphal cells around the base, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched, brown to dark brown, thick-walled. Capitate hyphae 95 - 215 x 5 - 7 μm, 6.5 - 9 μm wide above the base, 4.5 - 5.5 μm wide at the apex, solitary or in tufts, arise among the conidiophores, erect, straight to slightly flexuous, dark brown, paler towards the apex, apical cell pale brown to subhyaline, slightly swollen, broadly rounded, thin-walled, with a hyaline, mucilaginous cap that disintegrates with age. Conidiogenous cells 22.5 - 41 (- 65) x 7 - 11 μm, 7.5 - 9.5 μm wide below the collarette, terminal, integrated, monophialidic, extending percurrently, cylindrical, subcylindrical or slightly lageniform, brown, producing conidia successively; collarettes 19 - 27 μm wide and 12.2 - 19 μm deep, funnel-shaped or cup-shaped, brown to dark brown, roughened, with a frayed margin, the margin deteriorates, and the collarette becomes reduced in size 11.5 - 15.8 μm wide and 4.5 - 6 μm deep. Conidia 11.5 - 17.5 μm long, 14.5 - 18.5 μm wide at the apical end, 4 - 5.5 μm wide at the basal hilum, (mean + / - SD = 15.8 + / - 1.8 x 15.9 + / - 1.3 x 5.5 + / - 0.9 μm), cuneiform to rounded-obconic in side view, with 4 - 5 blunt corners when viewed from above, flattened to broadly rounded at the apex, truncate at the base, aseptate, brown to dark brown, thick-walled, smooth; formed singly, adhered in basipetal chains. Teleomorph. Ascomata 160 - 210 μm diam, 180 - 220 μm high, superficial, solitary or in small groups, subglobose to globose, papillate, dark brown, sometimes covered with capitate hyphae and conidiophores; capitate hyphae 80 - 130 x 5 - 5.5 μm, erect, simple, apical cell 6 - 6.5 μm wide, slightly inflated, broadly rounded apically, subhyaline, with a mucilaginous cap that disappears with age. Ostiole periphysate. Ascomatal wall fragile, carbonaceous, 17 - 22 μm thick, two-layered. Outer layer consisting of dark brown, polyhedral to angular cells with opaque walls. Inner layer consisting of rows of thin-walled, hyaline cells. Paraphyses 4 - 5 μm wide tapering to 1.5 - 2 μm, septate, hyaline, longer than the asci. Asci 102 - 130 x 11 - 13 μm (mean + / - SD = 117.6 + / - 9.8 x 12.3 + / - 0.8 µm), 74 - 100 (- 110) μm in the sporiferous part (mean + / - SD = 83.7 + / - 12 µm), cylindrical-clavate, narrowly truncate apically, ascal apex with a non-amyloid apical annulus 3.5 - 4 μm wide, ca. 2 μm high. Ascospores 22 - 28 (- 30) x 4 - 5 μm (mean + / - SD = 25.6 + / - 1.6 x 4.7 + / - 0.4 µm), fusiform, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, 3 - septate, smooth, 2 - seriate in the ascus.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
A515EA174A3B57D58FD56C6A08E887DD.taxon	description	Characteristics in culture. On PCA: colonies 8 - 12 mm in 14 d, circular, flat, margin entire, subsurface, aerial mycelium scarce, cobwebby to mucoid, beige-brown, reverse of the same colour. Sporulation was abundant, sporulating conidiophores developed from aerial mycelium and occasionally from immersed vegetative hyphae. Colonies on PCA effuse, hairy, vegetative mycelium subhyaline to hyaline, 2 - 3 μm wide. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia similar to those from nature. Conidiophores 31 - 120 x 6 - 7 μm, solitary or arise in tufts of 2 - 7, erect, straight, pale brown, 1 - several-septate. Capitate hyphae absent. Conidiogenous cells 22 - 37 x 8 - 10 μm, tapering to ca. 7 μm below the collarette; collarettes 12.5 - 15 μm wide, 4 - 6 (- 8) μm deep, funnel-shaped, pale brown to dark brown, slightly roughened with a frayed to entire margin. Conidia (13 -) 14 - 18 μm long, 13 - 18 μm wide at the apical end, 4.5 - 6 μm wide basal hilum (mean + / - SD = 15.2 + / - 1.2 x 14.7 + / - 1.4 µm x 5.5 + / - 0.9 µm), broadly rounded-obconic in side view, aseptate, brown to grey-brown, thick-walled, smooth, formed singly, adhered in short basipetal chains.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
A515EA174A3B57D58FD56C6A08E887DD.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. New Zealand - Auckland region • Auckland district, Upper Piha Valley, Waitakere Ranges, Home track; on decaying wood of Metrosideros robusta; 9 Oct. 1963; J. M. Dingley (holotype PDD 21603, isotype DAOM 93575). New Zealand - West Coast region • Westland district, Otira, Kelly Shelter, Cockayane Nature Walk; on decaying wood; 16 Mar. 2003; M. Reblova MR 2846 / NZ 362 (PDD 81883). New Zealand - West Coast region • Buller district, Victoria Forest Park, Reefton, Big River Inanganua track ca. 14 km; on decaying wood of Nothofagus sp.; 6 Mar. 2003; M. Reblova MR 2723 / NZ 224 A (PDD 119362).	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
4482E560960853C3B1BC6FE396075CB7.taxon	description	Description. Colonies on natural substrate effuse, hairy, mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed; colonies composed of conidiophores and sometimes ascomata. Anamorph. Setae present, mostly associated with ascomata, simple, brown, apically rounded. Conidiophores mononematous, macronematous, solitary, erect, septate, unbranched, brown. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monophialidic, extending percurrently, cylindrical-lageniform to urceolate, brown; collarettes funnel-shaped, pale brown. Conidia obpyramidal, in side view cuneiform, obovoid to obtriangular, with angular outline when viewed from above, truncate at the basal scar, with a simple setula inserted apically at each corner, aseptate, hyaline, adhered in basipetal chains. Teleomorph. Ascomata non-stromatic, perithecial, papillate, dark brown, sparsely covered by setae and conidiophores. Ostiole periphysate. Ascomatal wall fragile, carbonaceous, two-layered. Paraphyses persistent, septate, hyaline, longer than the asci. Asci unitunicate, 8 - spored, cylindrical-clavate, ascal apex with a non-amyloid apical annulus. Ascospores fusiform, hyaline, transversely septate.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
CDAC22E7088754D7A00BEB39E3214F1A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Pyramidatus (L), pyramidal, prefix ob - (L), meaning reversely, inversely, referring to the conidial shape.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
CDAC22E7088754D7A00BEB39E3214F1A.taxon	materials_examined	Type. New Zealand - West Coast region • Westland district, Ross, Totara forest, Totara River valley; on decaying wood of a branch; 7 Mar. 2003; M. Reblova MR 2734 / NZ 236 (holotype PDD 119363).	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
CDAC22E7088754D7A00BEB39E3214F1A.taxon	description	Description. Colonies on natural substrate effuse, hairy, dark brown to black, mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed, brown; colonies composed of conidiophores and sometimes ascomata. Anamorph. Setae present, mostly associated with ascomata (see below). Conidiophores 195 - 360 x 5 - 7.5 μm, 7 - 8.5 μm wide above the base, mononematous, macronematous, solitary, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched, thick-walled, dark brown, paler towards the apex. Conidiogenous cells 20 - 54 x 5 - 6.5 (- 8) μm tapering to 3.5 - 4.5 μm below the collarette, integrated, terminal, monophialidic, extending percurrently, cylindrical to cylindrical-lageniform, brown, producing conidia successively; collarettes 6 - 7.5 μm wide, 2.5 - 3 (- 4) μm deep, funnel-shaped, pale brown. Conidia 10.5 - 12 μm long, 8.5 - 12 μm wide, 2.5 - 3.5 μm wide at the basal hilum (mean + / - SD = 11.2 + / - 0.5 x 10.3 + / - 1.0 x 2.9 + / - 0.3 μm), obpyramidal, in side view cuneiform to obtriangular, with four corners when viewed from above, truncate at the basal scar, with straight or curved setulae inserted at each corner 5 - 8 μm long, aseptate, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth; formed singly, adhered in basipetal chains. Teleomorph. Ascomata 120 - 140 μm diam, 130 - 160 μm high, subglobose, dark brown to black, superficial, solitary or aggregated, subglobose, papillate, setose. Setae 37 - 157 x 3.5 - 5.5 μm, simple, straight, cylindrical, brown, pale brown towards the apex, extending percurrently, apical cell sterile, 3.5 - 4 μm wide, broadly rounded, pale brown to subhyaline, similar setae arise around ascomata on the substrate. Ostiole periphysate. Ascomatal wall fragile, carbonaceous, 20 - 24 μm thick, two-layered. Outer layer consisting of brown, polyhedral cells with opaque walls. Inner layer consisting of several rows of thin-walled, hyaline cells. Paraphyses 4 - 5 μm wide, tapering to ca. 2 μm, septate, hyaline, longer than the asci. Asci 95 - 114 x (9 -) 10 - 12 μm (mean + / - SD = 103.5 + / - 6.5 x 10.9 + / - 1.1 µm), cylindrical-clavate, short-stipitate, apically narrowly rounded, ascal apex with a non-amyloid apical annulus ca. 3 μm wide, 2 μm high. Ascospores 18 - 22 (- 23) x 4 - 5 μm (mean + / - SD = 20.4 + / - 1.3 x 4.4 + / - 0.4 µm), fusiform, hyaline, 1 - 3 - septate, smooth, 2 - seriate in the ascus.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
CDAC22E7088754D7A00BEB39E3214F1A.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. On PCA: colonies 7 - 10 mm diam in 14 d, circular, raised, margin entire, velvety-lanose, brown to dark grey-brown with whitish-grey conidial masses, reverse black. Sporulation abundant at the centre of the colony. Colonies on PCA effuse, mycelium subhyaline to pale brown, 2 - 3 μm wide. Setae absent. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia similar to those from nature. Conidiophores 74 - 141 x (4.5 -) 5 - 6 μm, 5.5 - 6.5 μm wide above the base, paler brown and less septate than those from nature, erect, straight. Conidiogenous cells 18 - 40 x 4.5 - 5.5 μm tapering to 3.5 - 4 μm below the collarette, cylindrical, pale brown; collarettes 5 - 6 μm wide, 3.5 - 4 μm deep, pale brown. Conidia 8 - 10 (- 11) μm long, 8 - 9 (- 10) μm wide, 2 - 2.5 μm wide at the hyaline basal hilum (mean + / - SD = 9.7 + / - 0.9 x 8.4 + / - 0.6 x 2.0 + / - 0.1 μm), cuneiform to obpyramidal, truncate at the basal scar, setulae not observed, aseptate, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, formed basipetally in chains.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
1E102A3867F95A338F5D5470F29B2518.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Fuscus (L) dark, brown, dusky, catenula (L), a little chain, referring to pigmented conidia in chains.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
1E102A3867F95A338F5D5470F29B2518.taxon	description	Description. Colonies effuse, hairy, brown, mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial. Anamorph. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, solitary, erect, unbranched, brown to dark brown, thick-walled, paler and thinner-walled towards the apex. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monophialidic, extending percurrently, cylindrical to lageniform, brown; collarettes funnel-shaped, brown. Conidia cuneiform to obovoid, broadly rounded apically, truncate at the base, aseptate, hyaline when young, pale brown at maturity, with protracted maturation, smooth, formed in a basipetal chain. Teleomorph. Unknown. (Description partly adapted from Li et al. 2017; Luo et al. 2019).	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
604D1BAD515259C18374B8F5133AD7C4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Antennatus (L) meaning ' having antenna (s) ', referring to the presence of conidial appendages resembling insect antennas.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
604D1BAD515259C18374B8F5133AD7C4.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Thailand - Nakhon Nayok Province • Khao Yai National park, Phakrajai trail, on decaying wood and bark of a twig; 17 Aug. 2001; M. Reblova & N. Hywel-Jones M. R. 2056 / TH 219 (PRA- 20374).	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
604D1BAD515259C18374B8F5133AD7C4.taxon	description	Description. Colonies on natural substrate effuse, hairy, dark brown, mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed, brown. Anamorph. Conidiophores forming two distinct layers; conidiophores of the upper layer 142 - 282 μm long, conidiophores of the lower layer 44 - 90 μm long, 5 - 6 μm wide, 6 - 8.5 wide above the base, basal cell bulbose with dark brown, thick-walled stromatic cells around the base, mononematous, macronematous, solitary or fasciculate in a group of 2 - 6, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched, thick-walled, dark brown, paler towards the apex. Conidiogenous cells 19.5 - 29 x 5.5 - 7.5 (- 8) μm tapering to 3 - 5 μm below the collarette, integrated, terminal, monophialidic, extending percurrently, subcylindrical to lageniform, pale brown; collarettes 5.5 - 6.5 μm wide, 1.5 - 2.5 μm deep, funnel-shaped, pale brown. Conidia 14 - 17 (- 18) μm long, 11 - 14.5 (- 15.5) μm wide, 2.5 - 3.5 μm wide at the basal hilum (mean + / - SD = 15.5 + / - 1.2 x 12.9 + / - 1.7 x 2.9 + / - 0.3 μm), turbinate to obpyramidal, in side view cuneiform to obtriangular, truncate at the basal scar, flattened to slightly concave at the apical end, with (3 -) 4 corners when viewed from above, aseptate, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, with simple setulae inserted at each corner, 17 - 43 μm long, 7.5 - 20 μm long when the ends are coiled, conidia accumulate in slimy droplets. Teleomorph. Not observed.	en	Reblova, Martina, Nekvindova, Jana, Miller, Andrew N. (2021): Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia. MycoKeys 81: 1-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785
