taxonID	type	description	language	source
0F79662EC601FF81FF4DFA80FEBCFF23.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The generic name refers to its connection with Volutella anamorphs, and its similarity to Nectria. Type: Dialonectria consors Ellis & Everh. Ascomata perithecial, solitary, on a thin basal stroma, superficial, obpyriform, with an acute apex, usually less than 300 µm diam., laterally collapsing or not collapsing when dry, turning dark red in 3 % KOH and yellow in lactic acid, smooth or hairy. Ascomatal walls of 1 or 2 layers, cells usually irregular in shape. Asci unitunicate, clavate, with an apical ring. Ascospores uniseptate, hyaline, often smooth-walled. Anamorph Volutella.	en	Luo, Jing, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2012): Volutellonectria (Ascomycota, Fungi), a new genus with Volutella anamorphs. Phytotaxa 44: 1-10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.44.1.1, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.44.1.1
0F79662EC607FF81FF4DFD1FFD58FD06.taxon	description	MycoBank MB 561606	en	Luo, Jing, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2012): Volutellonectria (Ascomycota, Fungi), a new genus with Volutella anamorphs. Phytotaxa 44: 1-10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.44.1.1, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.44.1.1
0F79662EC607FF81FF4DFD1FFD58FD06.taxon	discussion	Anamorph: Volutella minima Höhn.	en	Luo, Jing, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2012): Volutellonectria (Ascomycota, Fungi), a new genus with Volutella anamorphs. Phytotaxa 44: 1-10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.44.1.1, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.44.1.1
0F79662EC607FF81FF4DFD1FFD58FD06.taxon	description	Description and illustrations: Samuels (1977).	en	Luo, Jing, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2012): Volutellonectria (Ascomycota, Fungi), a new genus with Volutella anamorphs. Phytotaxa 44: 1-10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.44.1.1, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.44.1.1
0F79662EC607FF80FF4DFF75FD21F8A7.taxon	description	FIGS. 2 A− B, 3 A− H MycoBank MB 561607 Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the locality of the fungus. Ascomata on old sporodochia or thin basal stromata, perithecial, solitary or 2 − 5 in a group, superficial, obpyriform, 110 − 210 µm high, 85 − 190 µm diam, with a small and red papilla, not collapsing or laterally collapsing when dry, red-orange when fresh and orange to red-orange when dry, turning dark red in 3 % KOH and orange-yellow in lactic acid, smooth. Ascomatal wall 7.5 − 12 µm thick, of two layers; outer layer 6 − 9.5 µm thick, cells angular, 4 − 7.5 × 2.5 − 5 µm, cell wall 0.5 − 1.5 µm thick; inner layer 1.5 − 3.5 µm thick, cells flattened, 5 − 11 × 1 − 2 µm, cell wall 0.5 − 1 µm thick. Asci subcylindrical to clavate, 8 - spored, with an apical ring, 35 − 47 × 4 − 6 µm (n = 50). Ascospores subfusoid, uniseptate, not constricted at the septum, hyaline, smooth, irregularly biseriate, 9.5 − 15 × 2 − 3 µm (n = 50). Sporodochia solitary or gregarious on substrate, usually stipitate, with a small basal stroma, 75 − 145 µm diam. Seta arising from sporodochial base and surrounding the conidiophores, 175 − 325 µm long, 3 − 5.5 µm wide at base, tapering to a round apex, 1 − 4 - septate, smooth, hyaline, walls 0.5 − 1.5 µm thick. Conidiophores branched, 2540 µm long, 2 − 3 µm wide at base, closely aggregated. Conidiogenous cells in whorls of 2 − 4, adpressed, straight, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the tip, 6.5 − 13 µm long, 1.5 − 2.5 µm wide at base, 0.5 − 1.5 µm near aperture (n = 50). Conidia rod-shaped, distally rounded, with a median displaced hilum, straight, 1 - celled, hyaline, smooth, 4 − 8.5 × 1.5 − 2.5 µm (n = 50). Colonies on PDA 3 cm diam after 5 d in the dark at 24 C, pale pinkish cinnamon, surface velvety, aerial mycelium white to yellowish, reverse light pinkish cinnamon. Colonies on (CMD) reaching 2.5 cm diam after 5 d in the dark at 24 C, pale pinkish buff, surface felty, aerial mycelium absent to sparse, reverse light buff. Conidiophores simple, unbranched, erect, septate. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the tip, 15 − 52 µm long, 1 − 1.5 µm wide at base, 0.51 µm near aperture (n = 50). Conidia subellipsoid to subfusoid, distally rounded, with a median displaced hilum, straight, 1 - celled, hyaline, smooth, 4 − 11.5 × 1.5 − 2.5 µm (n = 50). Sporodochia not observed. Holotype. CHINA. HAINAN, Bawanling, 1100 m, on leaves of a palm, 6 July 2000, Zhuang W. Y., Wu W. P. and Zhang X. M., H 17, HMAS 76861, ex type culture HMAS 188475. Paratype. Thailand. Saraburi, Khao Yai National Park, Phaedeodai, 1100 m, on Pandanus sp., 12 August 1997, Samuels G. J. and Chaverri P., 8410, BPI 745740. Notes. Volutellonectria asiana is most similar to V. consors in having red-orange and obpyriform perithecia with a red papilla, subcylindrical to clavate asci with an apical ring, hyaline ascospores with a smooth surface, smooth-walled sporodochial setae, 1 - celled conidia, and light-colored colonies. V. consors, however, differs in having larger perithecia 210 − 270 µm high and 150 − 220 µm diam, a hairy perithecial surface, thicker perithecial walls 15 − 25 µm thick, somewhat longer asci 40 − 55 µm long, wider ascospores 3 − 4 µm wide, ellipsoid conidia, and red sclerotia formed in culture (Samuels 1977). Our molecular data also support the establishment of V. asiana as a new species (FIG. 1). The two isolates are grouped together with high statistical support (1.00 BIPP; 100 % BP) and separated from the morphologically similar species, V. consors.	en	Luo, Jing, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2012): Volutellonectria (Ascomycota, Fungi), a new genus with Volutella anamorphs. Phytotaxa 44: 1-10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.44.1.1, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.44.1.1
0F79662EC605FF82FF4DF916FDBAF9AC.taxon	description	FIGS. 2 C− D, 4 A− F MycoBank MB 561608 Etymology. The specific epithet refers to its correlated anamorph. Ascomata around old sporodochia, covered with hairs, perithecial, solitary or 2 − 6 in a group, superficial, obpyriform, 180 − 240 µm high, 160 − 215 µm diam, with an acute and red papilla, not collapsing when dry, orange-red when fresh and red when dry, turning dark red in 3 % KOH and yellow in lactic acid, smooth. Ascomatal wall 14 − 21.5 µm thick, of two layers; outer layer 11 − 16 µm thick, cells 6 − 10 × 3 − 5.5 µm, angular, cell wall 1 − 2 µm thick; inner layer 2 − 5.5 µm thick, cells flattened, 9 − 13 × 2 − 4.5 µm, cell wall 0.5 − 1 µm thick. Asci subcylindrical to clavate, 8 - spored, with an apical ring, 45 − 60 × 4 − 6.5 µm (n = 50). Ascospores subellipsoid, uniseptate, not or slightly constricted at the septum, hyaline, smooth, irregularly biseriate, 7.5 − 11 × 2.5 − 3.5 µm (n = 50). Sporodochia solitary or gregarious on substrate, generally stipitate, with a small and basal stroma, 90 − 200 µm diam. Setae arising from stromatic base and surrounding the conidiophores, 215 − 435 µm long, 5 − 7.5 µm wide at base, tapering to a round apex, 3 − 8 - septate, spinulose, hyaline to yellowish, walls 0.5 − 1.5 µm thick. Conidiophores branched, 60 − 95 µm long, 1.5 − 2.5 µm wide at base, closely aggregated. Conidiogenous cells in whorls of 1 − 3, adpressed, straight, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the tip, 5 − 12 µm long, 1 − 2 µm wide at base, 0.5 − 1 µm near aperture (n = 50). Conidia ellipsoid, distally rounded, with a median displaced hilum, straight, 1 - celled, hyaline, smooth, 3 − 5.5 × 1.5 − 2.5 µm (n = 50). Holotype. INDONESIA. NORTH SULAWESI, Eastern Dumoga-Bone National Park, Gn muajat, Danau Alia, 1400 m, on herbaceous stem, 26 October 1985, Samuels G. J., 2400 A (NY), ex type culture GJS 85.205. Notes. Volutellonectria ciliata is similar to V. consors and V. asiana in having obpyriform perithecia with a small and red papilla, subcylindrical to clavate asci with an apical ring, smooth ascospores, smooth and 1 - celled conidia, and light-colored colonies. However, V. consors differs from V. ciliata in having laterally collapsing perithecia when dry, a hairy perithecial surface, smooth-walled sporodochial setae, somewhat longer conidia (4.5 −) 5 − 7 (− 13) µm long, and red sclerotia formed in culture (Samuels 1977). Volutellonectria asiana differs in having smaller perithecia 110 − 210 × 85 − 190 µm, thinner perithecial walls 7.5 − 12 µm thick, shorter asci 35 − 47 µm long, smaller ascospores 4 − 8.5 × 1.5 − 2.5 µm, smooth-walled sporodochial setae, and subellipsoid to subfusoid conidia 4 − 11.5 × 1.5 − 2.5 µm. Except for the slightly shorter conidia (3 − 5.5 × 1.5 − 2.5 µm vs. 5 − 7 × 2 µm), morphology of the anamorph of Volutellonectria ciliata fits well the original description of Volutella ciliata (Saccardo 1886). This difference is treated as infraspecific variation and thus a teleomorph and anamorph connection is established, which is supported by our molecular data (FIG. 1). In the phylogenetic tree, Volutellonectria ciliata and Volutella ciliata formed a well supported subclade (1.00 BIPP; 100 % BP), which was distinguishable from the other two species of the genus.	en	Luo, Jing, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2012): Volutellonectria (Ascomycota, Fungi), a new genus with Volutella anamorphs. Phytotaxa 44: 1-10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.44.1.1, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.44.1.1
