taxonID	type	description	language	source
197C3E69FF9BEA2D5E8CF036FDC7FD8D.taxon	discussion	Harada (1993) described this species and placed it in a new genus Agonimiella. Diederich however convincingly showed that the differences between the new genus and Agonimia are more minor than thought by Harada (Aptroot et al. 1997). Consequently he transferred the species to the genus Agonimia. Our own observations confirmed those of Diederich. Previously, Agonimia pacifica was known from Brazil, Costa Rica, Japan, Reunion and Taiwan (Aptroot 2002, Aptroot et al. 2008, v. d. Boom et al. 2011). This report is a new addition to the Chinese lichen biota.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9BEA2D5E8CF036FDC7FD8D.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: — CHINA. Zhejiang Province: Mount Tianmushan near Lin’an city; trail from Longfengjian Parking Lot to Peak of Immortales, in a rainforest with Carpinus viminea, Cyclocarva paliurus, Castanea henryi, Quercus serrata, etc. 1200 m. 30 ° 20 ’ N, 119 ° 26 ’ E, 19 October 2010, K. Kalb & Z. F. Jia (hb. Kalb 38740). — Qingyuan County; Mount Baishanzu, Baishanzu National Nature Reserve below the Baishanzu Protection Station, in a mixed mountain rainforest, 1400 m. 27 ° 45 ’ N, 119 ° 11 ’ E, 11 October 2010, K. Kalb & Z. F. Jia (hb. Kalb 38621).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F1E5FB73F858.taxon	discussion	In the Paleotropics Bactrospora myriadea was previously known from India (Egea & Torrente 1993), China, the Seychelles and Singapore (Aptroot & Sipman 2001, Sipman 2010). It is a new addition to the Thai lichen biota.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F1E5FB73F858.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — THAILAND. Rayong Province: Muang District; Pagoda Klang Nam near Paknam, in an old but very polluted mangrove forest on Rhizophora apiculata, ± 5 m, 12 ° 40 ’ 06 ’’ N, 101 ° 14 ’ 27 ’’ E, 27 February 2011, K. Kalb & P. Mongkolsuk, det. A. Aptroot (hb. Kalb 38821).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F533FE77F9DA.taxon	diagnosis	Sicut Coniocarpon cinnabarinum DC. sed thallo isidiis coralloideis instructo et ascosporis minoribus differt.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F533FE77F9DA.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VENEZUELA. Aragua: Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, 12 km along the road from Maracay to Ocumare de la Costa; Estacion Biologica Dr. Alberto Fernandez Y. Along the „ Andrew Field trail “, in an old tropical mountain rainforest (selva nublada), 1100 – 1200 m, 10 ° 21 ’ N, 67 ° 40 ’ W, 2 August 2010, K. Kalb & J. Hernández (holotype VEN, isotype hb. Kalb 38476).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F533FE77F9DA.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet refers to the coralloid outgrowths on the thallus.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F533FE77F9DA.taxon	description	Thallus corticolous, delimited by a fluffy reddish-brown line, off-white or pale grey, surface smooth with purple-red coralloid outgrowths. Apothecia rare, 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam., flat to slightly concave, rounded, ± polygonal or linear, disc purple-brown, densely white pruinose, margins thick with a dark purple-red pruina, KOH + purple, dissolving. Epihymenium brown, KOH-. Hymenium 70 µm high, hyaline; subhymenium 20 µ m. Asci clavate, 8 - spored, 60 × 20 µ m. Ascospores 18 – 20 × 7 – 8 µ m, oblong-ovoid, colourless, old ascospores brownish. Chemistry: two unknown violet to red pigments with relative R f - values 11, 7, 6 (major) and 16, 3, 7 (minor) in solvents A, B’, C (Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F533FE77F9DA.taxon	discussion	Notes: — The major pigment in Coniocarpon coralloideum is also present as a minor metabolite in Coniocarpon cinnabarinum sensu lato, the minor pigment as a trace amount together with other pigments. The following two specimens were tested by TLC: K. Kalb: Lichenes neotropici 201, distributed as Arthonia tumidula (Ach.) Ach. from Mexico / Chiapas (hb. Kalb s. n.) and Coniocarpon cinnabarinum from Austria / Styria (hb. Kalb 806). It should be noted that the two samples differ slightly in their chemistry insofar that the Mexican specimen contains four rather than three pigments observed in the Austrian material. The new species seems to be widely distributed in the Neotropics, but as it is usually sterile it has not been collected or remains unidentified in herbaria.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F533FE77F9DA.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: — ECUADOR. Napo: Muyuna near Tena; in the garden of Establo de Tomas, at the base of an old deciduous tree, 550 m, 0 ° 58 ’ 00 ’’ S, 77 ° 51 ’ 30 ’’ W, 3 – 4 September 2011, K. Kalb & H. Jonitz (hb. Kalb 38962).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F7C0FAF4FE64.taxon	discussion	Previously, Brigantiaea phaeomma was known only from the Southern Hemisphere, including Argentina, Australia and New Zealand (Hafellner 1997). It is characterized by apothecia covered by a rust-brown granular pruina which reacts KOH + purple, 1 - spored asci and in being muscicolous rather than corticolous. This report is a new addition to the Chinese lichen biota.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F7C0FAF4FE64.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — CHINA. Zhejiang Province: Qingyuan County; Mount Baishanzu, Baishanzu National Nature Reserve below the Baishanzu Protection Station, over mosses on a tree trunk in a mixed mountain rainforest, 1400 m, 27 ° 45 ’ N, 119 ° 11 ’ E, 11 October 2010, K. Kalb & Z. F. Jia (hb. Kalb 38611).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F516FF62FBA8.taxon	discussion	This peculiar species was previously known only from the type locality in Japan (Kashiwadani et al. 2002). We have compared our sample with type material and they are identical in every respect. However, we do not believe that the thallus is totally covered by soredia as mentioned by Kashiwadani et al. (2002) because the granular outgrowths on the thallus do not originate from soralia. The granules start as warts on the otherwise smooth thallus and with age, the warts themselves become warty so that the whole thallus is covered by a compact rather than a loose layer of granules, similar to some forms of Dirinaria aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) B. J. Moore. The collection cited above is a new addition to the African lichen biota.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F516FF62FBA8.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — AFRICA. Tanzania: Kilimanjaro region; Moshi, Mweka route. Corticolous in a light Podocarpus- mountain forest with dominating Erica arborea, on the trunk of an old Podocarpus spec. 2700 – 2900 m, 03 ° 09 ’ 50 ’’ S, 37 ° 21 ’ 50 ’’ E, 30 September 1999, A. Frisch (hb. Frisch 99 / Tz 185, dupl. hb. Kalb).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F3D2FD69FA57.taxon	discussion	A careful comparison of the specimen cited below and European material of this cosmopolitan species revealed them to be identical. It is probably not rare in Thailand, but due to its very small, pale apothecia it is easily overlooked. Coenogonium pineti is a new addition to the Thai lichen biota.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F3D2FD69FA57.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: — THAILAND. Trat Province: Laem Ngob District; Black sand beach near Tumbol Laem Ngob, in an old ± disturbed mangrove forest with dominant Rhizophora apiculata, Rh. mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa and Avicennia marina, ± 3 m, 12 ° 10 ’ 11 ’’ N, 102 ° 24 ’ 27 ’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb & P. Mongkolsuk (hb. Kalb 38905).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA285E89F179FCDBFD8D.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Sergipe: Serra de Itabaiana, ca. 45 km NE of Aracuja, Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, in an open Caatinga on a white arenite bolder near the ground, 240 m, 10 ° 44 ’ 51 ’’ S, 37 ° 20 ’ 29 ’’ W, 14 April 2010, K. Kalb & L. Rodrigues (hb. Kalb 37920); — São Paulo: Praia do Lázaro near Ubatuba, in a dry and light coastal forest not subject to flooding (Restinga) on a granite boulder, 2 m, 23 ° 25 ’ S, 45 ° 10 ’ W, 29 September 1979, K. Kalb (hb. Kalb 38977).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA285E89F530FDE0F8A8.taxon	diagnosis	Sicut Crustospathula macrocarpa Aptroot & Schumm, sed ascosporis minoribus, stipitibus sorediigeris brevioribus et materia chemica differt.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA285E89F530FDE0F8A8.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — THAILAND. Nakhon Ratchasima Province: Pak Chong District; Khao Yai National Park, at km 33, in a pristine ‘ Dry Evergreen Forest’, ± 810 m, 14 ° 27 ’ 48 ’’ N, 101 ° 22 ’ 14 ’’ E, 12 March 2011, K. Kalb & K. Buaruang (holotype RAMK, isotype hb. Kalb 38798).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA285E89F530FDE0F8A8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The new lichen is named after the National Park where the type was collected.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA285E89F530FDE0F8A8.taxon	description	Thallus scurfy, green, grey-green to grey, consisting of agglutinating globular to flattened patches 25 – 50 µm wide, growing on a webby, white hypothallus, very similar to those present in many species of Malmidea. Soralia numerous, whitish, with a greenish tinge in part, with many tiny crystals, globose, 15 – 25 µm wide, originating from the tips of stalks. Stalks cartilaginous, beige to off-white, unbranched, cup-shaped, 80 – 110 µ m high and 200 – 300 µ m wide. Apothecia numerous, ± round, 0.6 – 1.2 mm diam., solitary, sessile to appressed, medium brown to dark brown, margin paler, dull, not raised above the disc, 0.1 mm wide; disc flat to strongly convex with age, not pruinose. Excipulum hyaline, without algae, with many tiny crystals that are also present under most of the apothecium. Hymenium clear, 50 – 75 µm high, yellow but tinted orange in lower part. Hypothecium orange brown, 20 – 30 µm high. Asci 8 - spored, Bacidia - type. Ascospores hyaline, rod-shaped to small-ellipsoid, straight, distinctly 1 - septate, 11 – 16 × 2 – 3 µm. Pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: an unknown substance with ± the same R f - values in solvents A, B’ and C (Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993) as atranorin, but showing an ice-blue fluorescens in UV before and after charring. Atranorin, lobaric acid and 2 ’ - O - methylperlatolic acid could not be detected by means of TLC.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA285E89F530FDE0F8A8.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Crustospathula was initially described as a monotypic genus (type species: C. cartilaginea Aptroot) to accomodate an enigmatic lichen from Papua New Guinea (Aptroot 1998) with peculiar stalked, cartilaginous soralia. Aptroot & Schumm (2009) subsequently described two further species, namely C. macrocarpa Aptroot & Schumm from the Philippines and Crustospathula sp. from French Guiana. Kalb (2011) described an additional species, C. humboldtii Kalb from Venezuela, which differed from the closely related C. macrocarpa by the presence of atranorin and from C. cartilaginea by the absence of 2 ’ - O - methylperlatolic acid. Crustospathula khaoyaiana is closely related to C. macrocarpa, but differs in having shorter stalked soralia (80 – 110 µm versus 0.7 mm high), shorter ascospores (11 – 16 µm versus 17 – 22 (– 25) µm long) and alternative chemistry. Lobaric acid is present in C. macrocarpa, but is absent in C. khaoyaiana which contains an unknown substance.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA295E89F0D2FB67FCCB.taxon	diagnosis	Sicut Cryptolechia myriadella (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. & Dibben, sed ascosporis longioribus differt.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA295E89F0D2FB67FCCB.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VENEZUELA. Aragua: Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, 12 km along the road from Maracay to Ocumare de la Costa, Estacion Biologica Dr. Alberto Fernandez Y. " Andrew Field trail ", in an old tropical mountain rainforest (selva nublada), 1100 - 1200 m, 10 ° 21 ' N, 67 ° 40 ' W, 2 August 2010, G. Lugo, K. Kalb & J. Hernandez (holotype VEN; isotype hb. Kalb 38595).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA295E89F0D2FB67FCCB.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The new lichen is named after the type locality.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA295E89F0D2FB67FCCB.taxon	description	Thallus corticolous, thin, continuous to areolate-cracked, grey, prothallus not visible. Apothecia 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam., initially immersed in the thallus, then sessile with a constricted base, disc slightly concave or flat, waxy coloured. Margin thick and denticulate at first, becoming depressed and smooth with age, paler than the disc or developing a blackish tinge with age. Exciple paraplectenchymatous, laterally to 40 µm thick, composed of pachydermatous cells, 2 – 4 µm in diam. Hypothecium hyaline, 10 – 15 µm high. Hymenium hyaline, 110 – 140 µm high. Paraphyses simple, 1.5 - 2 µm wide, not thickened apically. Epihymenium with brown granules. Asci cylindrically clavate, 55 – 65 × 11 – 14 µm, with 12 – 16 spores. Ascospores long-ellipsoid, slightly tapering on one end, 6 – 9 - septate, 23 – 38 × 2.5 – 3.5 µm. Pycnidia not seen.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA295E89F0D2FB67FCCB.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Previously there were only three species of Cryptolechia known to have ascospores with up to seven septa, namely C. caudata Kalb from Africa and Australia, C. myriadella from Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, and C. plurilocularis (Vain.) D. Hawksw. & Dibben from Africa (Kalb 2007). Cryptolechia caudata is distinguished by its tailed ascospores, C. myriadella has distinctly shorter and thicker ascospores (20 – 25 × 3.5 – 4.5 µm) while C. plurilocularis has only eight ascospores per ascus.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9EEA295E89F4F5FD44FB71.taxon	discussion	This species was originally described by Thor (1997) from Australia. It is characterized by its firmly attached, shiny thallus which reacts C + red and the chemistry, i. e. gyrophoric and norstictic acids, both as major substances in our material. Cryptothecia eungellae is a new addition to the Thai lichen biota and a new record for the Northern Hemisphere.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9EEA295E89F4F5FD44FB71.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — THAILAND. Trat Province: Muang District, near Ban Nam Chieo, in a ± disturbed mangrove forest on Rhizophora apiculata, ± 3 m, 12 ° 10 ’ 25 ’’ N, 102 ° 28 ’ 37 ’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb & P. Mongkolsuk (hb. K. Kalb 38859).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9EEA2A5E89F21BFC5AFE19.taxon	diagnosis	Sicut Cryptothecia candida (Kremp.) R. Sant., sed materia chemica differt.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9EEA2A5E89F21BFC5AFE19.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ECUADOR. Napo: Between Tena and Pto. Misahuallí, a few km W of Misahuallí, walking trail to ‘ Cascada de Latas’, on bamboo stipes in a tropical rainforest, 480 m, 01 ° 01.9 ’ S, 77 ° 44 ’ W, 3 September 2011. K. Kalb, J. Kalb & H. Jonitz (holotype hb. Kalb 38968, isotype UPS).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9EEA2A5E89F21BFC5AFE19.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet refers to Napo Province in Ecuador where the type was collected.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9EEA2A5E89F21BFC5AFE19.taxon	description	Thallus up to 4 cm wide, but sometimes several thalli confluent and then forming patches up to 10 cm wide, firmly attached to the substrate, smooth, dull, grey, greenish grey to green, heteromerous, thin, up to 50 µm thick; prothallus byssoid, brownish to black; medulla white, I + blue; photobiont trentepohlioid, with several cells aggregated. Ascigerous parts delimited, round to elongated, raised, white, I + violet, 0.4 – 1 mm diam. Paraphysoids tightly enclosing the asci. Asci frequent, ± globose, ca. 50 µm diam., walls 5 – 6 µm thick, usually with (4 –) 6 (– 8) ascospores. Ascospores ellipsoid but often curved and slightly thickened in the middle, with 9 – 13 transverse and 1 – 3 (– 4) longitudinal septa, (40 –) 45 – 55 (– 60) × (12 –) 13 – 15 (– 18) µm. Chemistry: confluentic acid (major), 2 ’ - O - methylmicrophyllinic acid (trace) and 2 ’ - O - methylperlatolic acid (trace) [J. Elix 2011, HPLC, TLC].	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9EEA2A5E89F21BFC5AFE19.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Cryptothecia napoensis is closely related to the epiphyllous C. candida, and initially a new species was not described despite its occurence on bamboo. Bamboo culms provide a habitat often exploited by foliicolous species (Santesson 1952). However, C. candida is distinguished by its slightly larger ascospores (48 –) 52 – 60 (– 65) × (16 –) 17 – 20 (– 22) µm (Thor 1997) and especially by its alternative chemistry, i. e. not gyrophoric acid as mentioned by Thor (1997), but 2 ’ - O - methylperlatolic acid and 2 ’ - O - methylanziaic acid (Lücking et al. 2006). The morphologically identical neotropical C. filicina differs in having perlatolic acid. Until now, the chemistry of the new species is unique within the genus.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F6BDFD46FCE3.taxon	discussion	This lichen was recently described by Timdal and reported from Peru, French Guiana and Venezuela (Timdal 2008). The material cited below matches the description by Timdal (2008) in all respects. We found homosekikaic acid and hyperhomosekikaic acid as major substances and sekikaic acid as a trace substance (TLC). The latter was not mentioned by Timdal. Eschatogonia dissecta is a new addition to the Brazilian lichen biota.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F6BDFD46FCE3.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Serra dos Coroados; Chapada dos Guimarães, trail down to the waterfall ‘ Véu de Noiva’ of Rio Coxipó, in a dark tropical rainforest, 575 m, 15 ° 30 ’ S, 55 ° 40 ’ W, 7 July 1980, K. Kalb & M. Marcelli (hb. Kalb 33526).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F4E6FCB5FACD.taxon	discussion	This species was previously known for Thailand and Khao Yai National Park (Wolseley et al. 2002), but no chemistry was reported in that paper. This would have been interesting, because Timdal (2007) reported two chemotypes for E. prolifera, namely didymic acid and accessory compounds occurring in South American specimens and sekikaic acid, homosekikaic acid and zeorin in African specimens. In the Thai specimen cited below, we found didymic and subdidymic acids as major substances and zeorin as a minor metabolite. Thus this Thai specimen represents a third, previously unknown chemotype.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F4E6FCB5FACD.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — THAILAND. Nakhon Ratchasima Province: Pak Chong District; Khao Yai National Park at km 33, in a pristine dry evergreen forest, 810 m, 14 ° 27 ’ 48 ’’ N, 101 ° 22 ’ 14 ’’ E, 12 March 2011, K. Kalb & K. Buaruang (RAMK, hb. Kalb 38806).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F2F3FAE7F899.taxon	discussion	This species was recently described from the Mata Atlântica of northeastern Brazil (Cáceres 2007). It is readily recognized by apothecia with a granifera - type exciple and the orange-brown to brown-red colour of the discs. Althoug the hypothecium in the specimen below is more intensely coloured than in the type, cochromatography of both in solvents A, B’ and C revealed an identical array of at least 6 unknown substances, but no atranorin could be detected by TLC (Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993). Malmidea badimioides is a new addition to the Mexican lichen biota and is reported from the Northern Hemisphere for the first time.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F2F3FAE7F899.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Near Palenque, in a very dark and humid pristine rainforest near the Maya ruins, 150 m, 17 ° 29 ’ N, 92 ° 3 ’ W, 22 January 1979, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 38239).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2B5E89F03DFEE7FB48.taxon	diagnosis	Sicut Malmidea vinosa (Eschw.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch, sed ascosporis cum parietibus apicalibus incrassatis et atranorino producente differt.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2B5E89F03DFEE7FB48.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Serra do Mar; Serra do Garrãozinho between Moji das Cruzes and Bertioga, in a very humid and dark primary rainforest (Mata Atlântica), 850 m, 23 ° 45 ’ S, 46 ° 10 ’ W, 29 March 1980, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (holotype SP, isotype hb Kalb 21130).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2B5E89F03DFEE7FB48.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet refers to the thickened end of the ascospores.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2B5E89F03DFEE7FB48.taxon	description	Thallus crustose, corticolous, continuous, 100 – 180 µm thick, ± smooth or wrinkled, dull to slightly shiny, without warts, grey to green-grey, soralia and isidia absent. Medulla white, KOH-. Photobiont chlorococcoid, cells 6 - 8 µm in diameter. Apothecia sessile, rounded, 1 – 1.8 mm diam. and 0.4 – 0.5 mm high; disc plane to slightly concave, brown-grey to dark ochre; margin of piperis - type, thin, 100 – 200 µm thick, slightly prominent, whitish grey to dark grey, black when wet. Outer part of the exciple (30 – 50 µm) hyaline, internally brown to dark brown 100 – 200 µm thick, without a medullary layer or hydrophobic granules. Hypothecium 140 – 160 µm high, brown, KOH-. Epihymenium indistinct. Hymenium 80 – 100 µm high, hyaline. Asci 50 – 60 × 13 – 18 µm, (4 –) 6 (– 8) spored. Ascospores non-septate, wall unequally thickened, i. e. more thickened at both ends (or only one end), halonate, ellipsoid to fusiform, 12 – 17 × 6 – 10 µm, halo 1.5 – 2 µm thick. Chemistry: atranorin (major to trace) and a triterpene (major) with relative R f - values 73, 82, 88 in solvents A, B’, C (Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2B5E89F03DFEE7FB48.taxon	discussion	Notes: — The new species is very similar to Malmidea vinosa, but that species differs in having ascospores with uniformly thickened walls and lacks secondary lichen products (holotype tested).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2B5E89F03DFEE7FB48.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Serra do Mar; Serra do Garrãozinho between Moji das Cruzes and Bertioga, in a very humid and dark primary rainforest (Mata Atlântica), 850 m, 23 ° 45 ’ S, 46 ° 10 ’ W, 28 October 1978, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 37864). — Serra do Mar; Serra de Paranapiacaba, ca. 80 km SW of São Paulo, in a light and humid rainforest (Mata Atlântica), along the Rio Juquiá, 700 m, 24 ° 00 ’ S, 47 ° 20 ’ W, 28 March 1978, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 37808). — Ilha Comprida opposite Cananéia, in a dense and very humid coastal forest not subject to flooding (restinga), 3 m, 25 ° 00 ’ S, 47 ° 50 ’ W, 15 July 1979, K. Kalb (hb. Kalb 21134). — Rio de Janeiro: Serra da Mantiqueira; Itatiaia, Parque National do Itatiaia, in a humid and dark primary rainforest (Mata Atlântica), 800 m, 22 ° 20 ’ S, 44 ° 35 ’ W, 21 July 1978, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 38972). — Serra da Mantiqueira; Itatiaia, Parque National do Itatiaia, in a humid and dark primary rainforest (Mata Atlântica), 1100 m, 22 ° 20 ’ S, 44 ° 35 ’ W, 21. VII. 1978, K. Kalb & G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 38973).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9CEA255E89F259FD57FEF0.taxon	diagnosis	Sicut Malmidea polycampia (Tuck.) Kalb & Lücking sed ascosporis maioribus, soraliis deficientibus differt.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9CEA255E89F259FD57FEF0.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MASCARENE ISLANDS. Reunion: Forêt de Bébour, a few km NW of Plaine-des-Palmistes, sentier botanique, in a pristine tropical mountain rainforest, 1300 m, 21 ° 08 ’ S, 55 ° 35 ’ 30 ’’ E, 31 August 1991, K. & A. Kalb (holotype hb. Kalb 25202).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9CEA255E89F259FD57FEF0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The new lichen is named after the island where the type was collected.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9CEA255E89F259FD57FEF0.taxon	description	Thallus crustose, corticolous, continuous, 50 – 90 µm thick, minutely verrucose, soralia and isidia absent. Medulla of verrucae and thallus cream to yellowish, KOH + orange to pale purple. Photobiont chlorococcoid, cells 5 – 7 µm diam. Apothecia sessile, rounded, 0.7 – 1.5 mm diam. and 0.4 – 0.5 mm high; disc plane to slightly convex, chocolate brown; margin of granifera - type, thin, entire, slightly prominent, depressed with age, cream coloured to pale yellow. Excipulum hyaline at periphery, internally with a medullary layer composed of loosely arranged, periclinal hyphae with constricted septa, 120 – 150 µm wide, incrusted with ochraceousyellow hydrophobic granules, dissolving in KOH with a lemon yellow reaction. Hypothecium 180 – 250 µm high, pale brown to honey brown, KOH-. Epihymenium indistinct. Hymenium 160 – 200 µm high, hyaline. Asci 90 – 110 × 20 – 25 µm, (2 –) 4 (– 8) spored. Ascospores non-septate, wall not uniformly thickened, i. e. distinctly thicker at the ends, halonate, ellipsoid to fusiform, 22 – 30 × 12 – 15 µ m, halo 1 – 1.5 µm wide. Chemistry: no atranorin detected, but at least 6 unknown lichen substances present, among them one major yellow pigment with relative R f - values 50, 34, 35 in solvents A, B’ and C (Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9CEA255E89F259FD57FEF0.taxon	discussion	Notes: — The new species is distinguished by the rather large ascospores with distinct, terminal wall thickenings. Similar ascospores are known from M. chrysostigma (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch and M. incrassata Kalb (see above). The former can be distinguished by its golden to orange-red medulla and the presence of emodin as a major metabolite while the latter is distinguished by a piperis - type exciple, the lack of thalline warts and the much smaller ascospores. From M. polycampia, it is distinguished by the absence of soralia.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9CEA255E89F259FD57FEF0.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: — MASCARENE ISLANDS. Reunion: Cirques de Cilaos; Mare à Joseph between Thermales and Bras Sec, in remnants of a pristine rainforest, 1350 m, 21 ° 07 ’ 30 ’’ S, 55 ° 30 ’ E, 24 August 1991, K. & A. Kalb (hb. Kalb 38967).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA255E89F69AFD87FA4A.taxon	diagnosis	Sicut Malmidea furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb & Lücking sed thallo leve et sporis minoribus differt.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA255E89F69AFD87FA4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — THAILAND. Trat Province: Muang District, near Ban Nam Chieo, in a ± disturbed mangrove forest on Rhizophora apiculata, ± 3 m, 12 ° 10 ’ 25 ’’ N, 102 ° 28 ’ 37 ’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb & P. Mongkolsuk (holotype RAMK, isotype hb. Kalb 38852).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA255E89F69AFD87FA4A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — This species is named after the type locality in Trat Province.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA255E89F69AFD87FA4A.taxon	description	Thallus crustose, corticolous, continuous, 150 – 250 µm thick, ± smooth or slightly bullate, green to greengrey, phenocortex ca. 10 – 15 µm thick with small crystals, algal layer 80 – 100 µm thick, medulla indistinct, ca. 60 – 150 µm thick, prothallus whitish, soralia and isidia absent. Photobiont chlorococcoid, cells 7 – 10 µm diam. Apothecia sessile, round, 0.3 – 0.5 mm diam. and 0.25 – 0.35 µm high; disc plane to slightly concave, pale leather brown to grey-brown; margin of piperis - type (Kalb et al. 2011), thick, prominent, black. Thalline exciple absent, proper exciple dark brown internally, outer part ± hyaline, 45 – 100 µ m wide without hydrophobic granules, KOH-. Hypothecium 70 – 100 µm high, blackish brown, KOH-. Epihymenium hyaline. Hymenium 70 – 80 µm high, hyaline. Asci 60 – 70 × 15 – 18 µm, 6 – 8 spored. Ascospores non-septate, wall uniformly thickened, halonate, ellipsoid to fusiform, 9 – 11 × 5 – 6 µm, halo 1 µm thick. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: an unknown spot with R f values 37, 9, 23 in solvents A, B’, C (Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA255E89F69AFD87FA4A.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Malmidea species with a piperis - type exciple are rare in the tropics but more abundant in subtropical regions or at higher elevations. On the other hand, species with a granifera - type exciple are more common in the tropics or at lower elevation. Kalb et al. (2011) mention only one species (Malmidea perplexa Kalb) with a piperis - type exciple for Thailand. Malmidea tratiana is readily distinguished from that species by its dark brown hypothecium (hyaline in M. perplexa) and the black margin of the apothecia (whitish grey to dark brownish grey in M. perplexa). Malmidea tratiana differs from the neotropical M. furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb & Lücking by the ± smooth thallus (granular to isidiose in M. furfurosa) and smaller ascospores (9 – 11 × 5 – 6 µm versus 11 – 14 × 5 – 7.5 µm). Furthermore, no secondary lichen products could be detected in M. furfurosa by means of TLC.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA265E89F175FBCEFD01.taxon	diagnosis	Fungus lichenicola sicut Melaspilea diplasiospora (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., sed ascosporis minoribus et Sarcographa labyrinthica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. hospite differt.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA265E89F175FBCEFD01.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The new lichenicolous fungus is named in honour of Prof. Leka Manoch in recognition of her numerous contributions to Thai mycology.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA265E89F175FBCEFD01.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — THAILAND. Trat Province: Muang District, near Ban Nam Chieo, in a ± disturbed mangrove forest on Sarcographa labyrinthica, ± 3 m, 12 ° 10 ’ 25 ’’ N, 102 ° 28 ’ 37 ’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb & P. Mongkolsuk (holotype RAMK, isotype hb. Kalb 38860).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA265E89F175FBCEFD01.taxon	description	Ascomata lichenicolous on thallus and ascomata of Sarcographa labyrinthica, 0.2 – 0.4 × 0.1 – 0.2 mm, lirellate to ellipsoid, occasionally branched, solitary or irregularly aggregated, superficial with an exposed, reddish brown disc, leaving a black outline when eroded. Exciple laterally carbonized, 10 – 18 µm thick, ± absent below the hymenium. Hymenium colourless, ca. 60 µm high, hypothecium colourless to brownish, 8 – 13 µm high, both KOH-, I-, K / I-. Paraphyses septate, 2 – 3 µm wide, not or only sparsely branched with obovate terminal cells, 4 – 5 µm wide, these (or the two uppermost cells) with a granular brown pigment, K –. Asci clavate, ca. 35 – 40 × 13 – 20 µm, 4 – 8 - spored, KOH-, I-, K / I-. Ascospores 1 - septate, sole-shaped, distictly constricted at the septum, finely verruculose, pale to medium brown, 14 – 17 × 7 – 8 µm.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA265E89F175FBCEFD01.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Previously only four Melaspilea species were known to grow on Graphidaceae, namely M. diplasiospora on Graphis elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach., M. epigena Müll. Arg. on Reimnitzia santensis (Tuck.) Kalb, M. epigraphella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. on Acanthothecis consocians (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb and M. lentiginosa (Lyell ex Leight.) Müll. Arg. on Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. All differ in the host and especially the ascospore dimensions. While the ascospores of M. diplasiospora are considerably larger (19.5 – 32 × 9.5 – 16 µ m) than those of M. lekae, they are smaller in M. epigena (10 – 12 × 5 µ m), M. epigraphella (9 – 11 × 3.5 – 4.5 µm) and M. lentiginosa 10 – 13.5 (– 16) × 5 – 7.5 µm.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF91EA275E89F248FEC3FEA5.taxon	diagnosis	Sicut Stirtonia macrocarpa Makhija & Patw. et S. schummii Aptroot, sed acidum confluenticum continet.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF91EA275E89F248FEC3FEA5.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — THAILAND. Trat Province: Muang District, near Ban Nam Chieo, in a ± disturbed mangrove forest on Rhizophora apiculata, ± 3 m, 12 ° 10 ’ 25 ’’ N, 102 ° 28 ’ 37 ’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb & P. Mongkolsuk (holotype RAMK, isotype hb. Kalb 38845).	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF91EA275E89F248FEC3FEA5.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The new species is named after the phorophyte on which the type species was collected.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF91EA275E89F248FEC3FEA5.taxon	description	Thallus spreading, covering an area of up to 7 cm diam., contiguous, smooth to slightly warty, whitish grey, with calcium oxalate crystals, I + blue. Ascigerous zones delimited, round to slightly elongated in outline, 0.5 – 1.5 mm diam., raised, always higher than the thallus, white, with calcium oxalate crystals, I + blue. Asci globose to ovoid, 8 - spored, ascospores 12 – 15 - septate, ellipsoid, 60 – 85 × 25 – 33 µm, cells of ± equal size (Fig. 2 L). Chemistry: confluentic acid (TLC). Thallus and ascigerous zones C-, Pd-, KOH-, UV-.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF91EA275E89F248FEC3FEA5.taxon	discussion	Notes: — At present, no other species of Stirtonia is known to have this chemistry. It should be noted that a chemical reinvestigation of the type of Stirtonia schummii did not confirm the presence of perlatolic acid as mentioned in the protologue, but rather psoromic acid. This finding was confirmed by co-chromatography with the pure acid. Furthermore, Stirtonia macrocarpa probably does not contain 2 ’ - O - methylperlatolic acid as mentioned by Aptroot (2009), but three unknown substances (Makhija & Patwardan 1987). Confluentic acid is a common substance in the related genus Cryptothecia which differs from Stirtonia in having muriform ascospores. However, ascospore septation is variable in many genera and both transversely septate and muriform ascospores can be found in closely related species of the same genus (Lücking 2009). The genera of Arthoniales are currently being revised by G. Thor and A. Frisch (pers. comm.) so that no taxonomic changes are made here.	en	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
