identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
197C3E69FF9BEA2D5E8CF036FDC7FD8D.text	197C3E69FF9BEA2D5E8CF036FDC7FD8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agonimia pacifica (Harada) Diederich	<div><p>Agonimia pacifica (Harada) Diederich</p> <p>Harada (1993) described this species and placed it in a new genus Agonimiella. Diederich however convincingly showed that the differences between the new genus and Agonimia are more minor than thought by Harada (Aptroot et al. 1997). Consequently he transferred the species to the genus Agonimia. Our own observations confirmed those of Diederich. Previously, Agonimia pacifica was known from Brazil, Costa Rica, Japan, Reunion and Taiwan (Aptroot 2002, Aptroot et al. 2008, v.d. Boom et al. 2011). This report is a new addition to the Chinese lichen biota.</p> <p>Specimens examined: — CHINA. Zhejiang Province: Mount Tianmushan near Lin’an city; trail from Longfengjian Parking Lot to Peak of Immortales, in a rainforest with Carpinus viminea, Cyclocarva paliurus, Castanea henryi, Quercus serrata, etc. 1200 m. 30°20’ N, 119°26’ E, 19 October 2010, K. Kalb &amp; Z.F. Jia (hb. Kalb 38740).—Qingyuan County; Mount Baishanzu, Baishanzu National Nature Reserve below the Baishanzu Protection Station, in a mixed mountain rainforest, 1400 m. 27°45’ N, 119°11’ E, 11 October 2010, K. Kalb &amp; Z.F. Jia (hb. Kalb 38621).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9BEA2D5E8CF036FDC7FD8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F1E5FB73F858.text	197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F1E5FB73F858.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrospora myriadea (Fee) Egea & Torrente 1993	<div><p>Bactrospora myriadea (Fée) Egea &amp; Torrente</p> <p>In the Paleotropics Bactrospora myriadea was previously known from India (Egea &amp; Torrente 1993), China, the Seychelles and Singapore (Aptroot &amp; Sipman 2001, Sipman 2010). It is a new addition to the Thai lichen biota.</p> <p>Specimen examined:— THAILAND. Rayong Province: Muang District; Pagoda Klang Nam near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.24083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.668334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.24083/lat 12.668334)">Paknam</a>, in an old but very polluted mangrove forest on Rhizophora apiculata, ± 5m, 12°40’06’’ N, 101°14’27’’ E, 27 February 2011, K. Kalb &amp; P. Mongkolsuk, det. A. Aptroot (hb. Kalb 38821).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F1E5FB73F858	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F533FE77F9DA.text	197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F533FE77F9DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coniocarpon coralloideum Kalb & J. E. Hern. 2012	<div><p>Coniocarpon coralloideum Kalb &amp; J.E. Hern. sp. nov. (Fig. 1A–B) Mycobank MB 564175</p> <p>Sicut Coniocarpon cinnabarinum DC. sed thallo isidiis coralloideis instructo et ascosporis minoribus differt.</p> <p>Type:— VENEZUELA. Aragua: Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, 12 km along the road from Maracay to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.666664/lat 10.35)">Ocumare de la Costa</a>; Estacion Biologica Dr. Alberto Fernandez Y. Along the „Andrew Field trail“, in an old tropical mountain rainforest (selva nublada), 1100–1200 m, 10°21’ N, 67°40’ W, 2 August 2010, K. Kalb &amp; J. Hernández (holotype VEN, isotype hb. Kalb 38476).</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the coralloid outgrowths on the thallus.</p> <p>Thallus corticolous, delimited by a fluffy reddish-brown line, off-white or pale grey, surface smooth with purple-red coralloid outgrowths. Apothecia rare, 0.2–0.3 mm diam., flat to slightly concave, rounded, ± polygonal or linear, disc purple-brown, densely white pruinose, margins thick with a dark purple-red pruina, KOH+ purple, dissolving. Epihymenium brown, KOH-. Hymenium 70 µm high, hyaline; subhymenium 20 µ m. Asci clavate, 8-spored, 60 × 20 µ m. Ascospores 18–20 × 7–8 µ m, oblong-ovoid, colourless, old ascospores brownish. Chemistry: two unknown violet to red pigments with relative R f -values 11, 7, 6 (major) and 16, 3, 7 (minor) in solvents A, B’, C (Elix &amp; Ernst-Russell 1993).</p> <p>Notes:—The major pigment in Coniocarpon coralloideum is also present as a minor metabolite in Coniocarpon cinnabarinum sensu lato, the minor pigment as a trace amount together with other pigments. The following two specimens were tested by TLC: K. Kalb: Lichenes neotropici 201, distributed as Arthonia tumidula (Ach.) Ach. from Mexico / Chiapas (hb. Kalb s.n.) and Coniocarpon cinnabarinum from Austria / Styria (hb. Kalb 806). It should be noted that the two samples differ slightly in their chemistry insofar that the Mexican specimen contains four rather than three pigments observed in the Austrian material. The new species seems to be widely distributed in the Neotropics, but as it is usually sterile it has not been collected or remains unidentified in herbaria.</p> <p>Additional material examined:— ECUADOR. Napo: Muyuna near Tena; in the garden of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.85833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.96666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.85833/lat -0.96666664)">Establo de Tomas</a>, at the base of an old deciduous tree, 550 m, 0°58’00’’ S, 77°51’30’’ W, 3–4 September 2011, K. Kalb &amp; H. Jonitz (hb. Kalb 38962).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9AEA2D5E89F533FE77F9DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F7C0FAF4FE64.text	197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F7C0FAF4FE64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brigantiaea phaeomma (Nyl.) Hafellner 1997	<div><p>Brigantiaea phaeomma (Nyl.) Hafellner</p> <p>Previously, Brigantiaea phaeomma was known only from the Southern Hemisphere, including Argentina, Australia and New Zealand (Hafellner 1997). It is characterized by apothecia covered by a rust-brown granular pruina which reacts KOH+ purple, 1-spored asci and in being muscicolous rather than corticolous. This report is a new addition to the Chinese lichen biota.</p> <p>Specimen examined:— CHINA. Zhejiang Province: Qingyuan County; Mount Baishanzu, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.183334/lat 27.75)">Baishanzu National Nature Reserve</a> below the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.183334/lat 27.75)">Baishanzu Protection Station</a>, over mosses on a tree trunk in a mixed mountain rainforest, 1400 m, 27°45’ N, 119°11’ E, 11 October 2010, K. Kalb &amp; Z.F. Jia (hb. Kalb 38611).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F7C0FAF4FE64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F516FF62FBA8.text	197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F516FF62FBA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brigantiaea sorediata Kashiw., Mas. Inoue & K. H. Moon	<div><p>Brigantiaea sorediata Kashiw., Mas. Inoue &amp; K.H. Moon (Fig. 1C)</p> <p>This peculiar species was previously known only from the type locality in Japan (Kashiwadani et al. 2002). We have compared our sample with type material and they are identical in every respect. However, we do not believe that the thallus is totally covered by soredia as mentioned by Kashiwadani et al. (2002) because the granular outgrowths on the thallus do not originate from soralia. The granules start as warts on the otherwise smooth thallus and with age, the warts themselves become warty so that the whole thallus is covered by a compact rather than a loose layer of granules, similar to some forms of Dirinaria aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) B.J. Moore. The collection cited above is a new addition to the African lichen biota.</p> <p>Specimen examined:—AFRICA. Tanzania: Kilimanjaro region; Moshi, Mweka route. Corticolous in a light Podocarpus- mountain forest with dominating Erica arborea, on the trunk of an old Podocarpus spec. 2700–2900 m, 03°09’50’’ S, 37°21’50’’ E, 30 September 1999, A. Frisch (hb. Frisch 99/Tz185, dupl. hb. Kalb).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F516FF62FBA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F3D2FD69FA57.text	197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F3D2FD69FA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coenogonium pineti (Schrad. ex Ach.) Lucking & Lumbsch 2004	<div><p>Coenogonium pineti (Schrad. ex Ach.) Lücking &amp; Lumbsch</p> <p>A careful comparison of the specimen cited below and European material of this cosmopolitan species revealed them to be identical. It is probably not rare in Thailand, but due to its very small, pale apothecia it is easily overlooked. Coenogonium pineti is a new addition to the Thai lichen biota.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— THAILAND. Trat Province: Laem Ngob District; Black sand beach near Tumbol Laem Ngob, in an old ± disturbed mangrove forest with dominant Rhizophora apiculata, Rh. mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa and Avicennia marina, ± 3 m, 12°10’11’’ N, 102°24’27’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb &amp; P. Mongkolsuk (hb. Kalb 38905).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF98EA2F5E89F3D2FD69FA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF98EA285E89F179FCDBFD8D.text	197C3E69FF98EA285E89F179FCDBFD8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cratiria vioxanthina (Elix) Kalb & Elix	<div><p>Cratiria vioxanthina (Elix) Kalb &amp; Elix comb. nov. MycoBank MB 564176</p> <p>Basionym: Buellia vioxanthina Elix, Australasian Lichenology 64: 32 (2009).</p> <p>This saxicolous species was recently described by Elix (2009). It is characterized by a whitish to grey areolate thallus, sessile apothecia with a rather thick margin, a hymenium which is inspersed by minute oil droplets, especially in the lower part and an exciple which is dark brown at the inner and peripheral part but pale brown in the central part, mature ascospores with a distinctly rugulate (warty) outer wall and the presence of norstictic acid (major), connorstictic acid (minor), atranorin (minor), vioxanthin (minor) and demethylvioxanthin (minor). Many of these features are characteristic of the genus Cratira Marbach (2000: 160), so the species is transferred to that genus. Cratiria is distinguished from Buellia sensu str. by an exciple which is differentiated in a dark brown inner and peripheral part and a hyaline or pale brown central part (it is uniform and black in Buellia), a hymenium which is not inspersed or inspersed with minute globular oil droplets (the inspersion is always present in Buellia and is formed by rather large and irregular oil droplets) and by Buellia - type ascospores (Callispora - type in Buellia). Previously, C. vioxanthina was known only from Australia (northern Queensland and Northern Territory) but here is reported from South America for the first time. It is also a new addition to the lichen biota of Brazil.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Sergipe: Serra de Itabaiana, ca. 45 km NE of Aracuja, Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, in an open <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.34139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.34139/lat -10.7475)">Caatinga</a> on a white arenite bolder near the ground, 240 m, 10°44’51’’ S, 37°20’29’’ W, 14 April 2010, K. Kalb &amp; L. Rodrigues (hb. Kalb 37920);— São Paulo: Praia do Lázaro near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.166668/lat -23.416666)">Ubatuba</a>, in a dry and light coastal forest not subject to flooding (Restinga) on a granite boulder, 2 m, 23°25’ S, 45°10’ W, 29 September 1979, K. Kalb (hb. Kalb 38977).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF98EA285E89F179FCDBFD8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA285E89F530FDE0F8A8.text	197C3E69FF9FEA285E89F530FDE0F8A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crustospathula khaoyaiana Kalb & Mongkolsuk 2012	<div><p>Crustospathula khaoyaiana Kalb &amp; Mongkolsuk sp. nov. (Fig. 1D) Mycobank MB 564177</p> <p>Sicut Crustospathula macrocarpa Aptroot &amp; Schumm, sed ascosporis minoribus, stipitibus sorediigeris brevioribus et materia chemica differt.</p> <p>Type:— THAILAND. Nakhon Ratchasima Province: Pak Chong District; Khao Yai National Park, at km 33, in a pristine ‘ <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.37056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.463333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.37056/lat 14.463333)">Dry Evergreen Forest’</a>, ± 810 m, 14°27’48’’ N, 101°22’14’’ E, 12 March 2011, K. Kalb &amp; K. Buaruang (holotype RAMK, isotype hb. Kalb 38798).</p> <p>Etymology:—The new lichen is named after the National Park where the type was collected.</p> <p>Thallus scurfy, green, grey-green to grey, consisting of agglutinating globular to flattened patches 25–50 µm wide, growing on a webby, white hypothallus, very similar to those present in many species of Malmidea. Soralia numerous, whitish, with a greenish tinge in part, with many tiny crystals, globose, 15–25 µm wide, originating from the tips of stalks. Stalks cartilaginous, beige to off-white, unbranched, cup-shaped, 80–110 µ m high and 200–300 µ m wide. Apothecia numerous, ± round, 0.6–1.2 mm diam., solitary, sessile to appressed, medium brown to dark brown, margin paler, dull, not raised above the disc, 0.1 mm wide; disc flat to strongly convex with age, not pruinose. Excipulum hyaline, without algae, with many tiny crystals that are also present under most of the apothecium. Hymenium clear, 50–75 µm high, yellow but tinted orange in lower part. Hypothecium orange brown, 20–30 µm high. Asci 8-spored, Bacidia - type. Ascospores hyaline, rod-shaped to small-ellipsoid, straight, distinctly 1-septate, 11–16 × 2–3 µm. Pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: an unknown substance with ± the same R f -values in solvents A, B’ and C (Elix &amp; Ernst-Russell 1993) as atranorin, but showing an ice-blue fluorescens in UV before and after charring. Atranorin, lobaric acid and 2’- O -methylperlatolic acid could not be detected by means of TLC.</p> <p>Notes:— Crustospathula was initially described as a monotypic genus (type species: C. cartilaginea Aptroot) to accomodate an enigmatic lichen from Papua New Guinea (Aptroot 1998) with peculiar stalked, cartilaginous soralia. Aptroot &amp; Schumm (2009) subsequently described two further species, namely C. macrocarpa Aptroot &amp; Schumm from the Philippines and Crustospathula sp. from French Guiana. Kalb (2011) described an additional species, C. humboldtii Kalb from Venezuela, which differed from the closely related C. macrocarpa by the presence of atranorin and from C. cartilaginea by the absence of 2’- O - methylperlatolic acid. Crustospathula khaoyaiana is closely related to C. macrocarpa, but differs in having shorter stalked soralia (80–110 µm versus 0.7 mm high), shorter ascospores (11–16 µm versus 17–22(–25) µm long) and alternative chemistry. Lobaric acid is present in C. macrocarpa, but is absent in C. khaoyaiana which contains an unknown substance.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9FEA285E89F530FDE0F8A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9FEA295E89F0D2FB67FCCB.text	197C3E69FF9FEA295E89F0D2FB67FCCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptolechia pittieriana Kalb, Lugo & J. E. Hern. 2012	<div><p>Cryptolechia pittieriana Kalb, Lugo &amp; J.E. Hern. sp. nov. Mycobank MB 564178</p> <p>Sicut Cryptolechia myriadella (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. &amp; Dibben, sed ascosporis longioribus differt.</p> <p>Type:— VENEZUELA. Aragua: Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, 12 km along the road from Maracay to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.666664/lat 10.35)">Ocumare de la Costa</a>, Estacion Biologica Dr. Alberto Fernandez Y. "Andrew Field trail", in an old tropical mountain rainforest (selva nublada), 1100-1200 m, 10°21' N, 67°40' W, 2 August 2010, G. Lugo, K. Kalb &amp; J. Hernandez (holotype VEN; isotype hb. Kalb 38595).</p> <p>Etymology:—The new lichen is named after the type locality.</p> <p>Thallus corticolous, thin, continuous to areolate-cracked, grey, prothallus not visible. Apothecia 0.2–0.3 mm diam., initially immersed in the thallus, then sessile with a constricted base, disc slightly concave or flat, waxy coloured. Margin thick and denticulate at first, becoming depressed and smooth with age, paler than the disc or developing a blackish tinge with age. Exciple paraplectenchymatous, laterally to 40 µm thick, composed of pachydermatous cells, 2–4 µm in diam. Hypothecium hyaline, 10–15 µm high. Hymenium hyaline, 110–140 µm high. Paraphyses simple, 1.5-2 µm wide, not thickened apically. Epihymenium with brown granules. Asci cylindrically clavate, 55–65 × 11–14 µm, with 12–16 spores. Ascospores long-ellipsoid, slightly tapering on one end, 6–9-septate, 23–38 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Pycnidia not seen.</p> <p>Notes:—Previously there were only three species of Cryptolechia known to have ascospores with up to seven septa, namely C. caudata Kalb from Africa and Australia, C. myriadella from Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, and C. plurilocularis (Vain.) D. Hawksw. &amp; Dibben from Africa (Kalb 2007). Cryptolechia caudata is distinguished by its tailed ascospores, C. myriadella has distinctly shorter and thicker ascospores (20–25 × 3.5–4.5 µm) while C. plurilocularis has only eight ascospores per ascus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9FEA295E89F0D2FB67FCCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9EEA295E89F4F5FD44FB71.text	197C3E69FF9EEA295E89F4F5FD44FB71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptothecia eungellae G. Thor	<div><p>Cryptothecia eungellae G. Thor</p> <p>This species was originally described by Thor (1997) from Australia. It is characterized by its firmly attached, shiny thallus which reacts C+ red and the chemistry, i.e. gyrophoric and norstictic acids, both as major substances in our material. Cryptothecia eungellae is a new addition to the Thai lichen biota and a new record for the Northern Hemisphere.</p> <p>Specimen examined:— THAILAND. Trat Province: Muang District, near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.476944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.173612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.476944/lat 12.173612)">Ban Nam Chieo</a>, in a ± disturbed mangrove forest on Rhizophora apiculata, ± 3 m, 12°10’25’’ N, 102°28’37’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb &amp; P. Mongkolsuk (hb. K. Kalb 38859).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9EEA295E89F4F5FD44FB71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9EEA2A5E89F21BFC5AFE19.text	197C3E69FF9EEA2A5E89F21BFC5AFE19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptothecia napoensis Kalb & Jonitz 2012	<div><p>Cryptothecia napoensis Kalb &amp; Jonitz sp. nov. (Fig. 1E, F) Mycobank MB 564179</p> <p>Sicut Cryptothecia candida (Kremp.) R. Sant., sed materia chemica differt.</p> <p>Type:— ECUADOR. Napo: Between Tena and Pto. Misahuallí, a few km W of Misahuallí, walking trail to ‘ <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.73333/lat -1.0316666)">Cascada de Latas’</a>, on bamboo stipes in a tropical rainforest, 480 m, 01°01.9’ S, 77°44’ W, 3 September 2011. K. Kalb, J. Kalb &amp; H. Jonitz (holotype hb. Kalb 38968, isotype UPS).</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to Napo Province in Ecuador where the type was collected.</p> <p>Thallus up to 4 cm wide, but sometimes several thalli confluent and then forming patches up to 10 cm wide, firmly attached to the substrate, smooth, dull, grey, greenish grey to green, heteromerous, thin, up to 50 µm thick; prothallus byssoid, brownish to black; medulla white, I+ blue; photobiont trentepohlioid, with several cells aggregated. Ascigerous parts delimited, round to elongated, raised, white, I+ violet, 0.4–1 mm diam. Paraphysoids tightly enclosing the asci. Asci frequent, ± globose, ca. 50 µm diam., walls 5–6 µm thick, usually with (4–)6(–8) ascospores. Ascospores ellipsoid but often curved and slightly thickened in the middle, with 9–13 transverse and 1–3(–4) longitudinal septa, (40–)45–55(–60) × (12–)13–15(–18) µm. Chemistry: confluentic acid (major), 2’- O -methylmicrophyllinic acid (trace) and 2’- O -methylperlatolic acid (trace) [J. Elix 2011, HPLC, TLC].</p> <p>Notes:— Cryptothecia napoensis is closely related to the epiphyllous C. candida, and initially a new species was not described despite its occurence on bamboo. Bamboo culms provide a habitat often exploited by foliicolous species (Santesson 1952). However, C. candida is distinguished by its slightly larger ascospores (48–)52–60(–65) × (16–)17–20(–22) µm (Thor 1997) and especially by its alternative chemistry, i.e. not gyrophoric acid as mentioned by Thor (1997), but 2’- O -methylperlatolic acid and 2’- O -methylanziaic acid (Lücking et al. 2006). The morphologically identical neotropical C. filicina differs in having perlatolic acid. Until now, the chemistry of the new species is unique within the genus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9EEA2A5E89F21BFC5AFE19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F6BDFD46FCE3.text	197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F6BDFD46FCE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eschatogonia dissecta Timdal & R. Sant.	<div><p>Eschatogonia dissecta Timdal &amp; R. Sant.</p> <p>This lichen was recently described by Timdal and reported from Peru, French Guiana and Venezuela (Timdal 2008). The material cited below matches the description by Timdal (2008) in all respects. We found homosekikaic acid and hyperhomosekikaic acid as major substances and sekikaic acid as a trace substance (TLC). The latter was not mentioned by Timdal. Eschatogonia dissecta is a new addition to the Brazilian lichen biota.</p> <p>Specimen examined:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Serra dos Coroados; Chapada dos Guimarães, trail down to the waterfall ‘ <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.666668/lat -15.5)">Véu de Noiva’ of Rio Coxipó</a>, in a dark tropical rainforest, 575 m, 15°30’ S, 55°40’ W, 7 July 1980, K. Kalb &amp; M. Marcelli (hb. Kalb 33526).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F6BDFD46FCE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F4E6FCB5FACD.text	197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F4E6FCB5FACD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eschatogonia prolifera (Mont.) R. Sant.	<div><p>Eschatogonia prolifera (Mont.) R. Sant.</p> <p>This species was previously known for Thailand and Khao Yai National Park (Wolseley et al. 2002), but no chemistry was reported in that paper. This would have been interesting, because Timdal (2007) reported two chemotypes for E. prolifera, namely didymic acid and accessory compounds occurring in South American specimens and sekikaic acid, homosekikaic acid and zeorin in African specimens. In the Thai specimen cited below, we found didymic and subdidymic acids as major substances and zeorin as a minor metabolite. Thus this Thai specimen represents a third, previously unknown chemotype.</p> <p>Specimen examined:— THAILAND. Nakhon Ratchasima Province: Pak Chong District; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.37056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.463333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.37056/lat 14.463333)">Khao Yai National Park</a> at km 33, in a pristine dry evergreen forest, 810 m, 14°27’48’’ N, 101°22’14’’ E, 12 March 2011, K. Kalb &amp; K. Buaruang (RAMK, hb. Kalb 38806).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F4E6FCB5FACD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F2F3FAE7F899.text	197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F2F3FAE7F899.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malmidea badimioides (Cáceres & Lücking) Cáceres & Kalb	<div><p>Malmidea badimioides (Cáceres &amp; Lücking) Cáceres &amp; Kalb</p> <p>This species was recently described from the Mata Atlântica of northeastern Brazil (Cáceres 2007). It is readily recognized by apothecia with a granifera - type exciple and the orange-brown to brown-red colour of the discs. Althoug the hypothecium in the specimen below is more intensely coloured than in the type, cochromatography of both in solvents A, B’ and C revealed an identical array of at least 6 unknown substances, but no atranorin could be detected by TLC (Elix &amp; Ernst-Russell 1993). Malmidea badimioides is a new addition to the Mexican lichen biota and is reported from the Northern Hemisphere for the first time.</p> <p>Specimen examined:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Near Palenque, in a very dark and humid pristine rainforest near the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.05/lat 17.483334)">Maya</a> ruins, 150 m, 17°29’ N, 92°3’ W, 22 January 1979, K. Kalb &amp; G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 38239).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9DEA2A5E89F2F3FAE7F899	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9DEA2B5E89F03DFEE7FB48.text	197C3E69FF9DEA2B5E89F03DFEE7FB48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malmidea incrassata Kalb 2012	<div><p>Malmidea incrassata Kalb sp. nov. (Fig. 2G) Mycobank MB 564182</p> <p>Sicut Malmidea vinosa (Eschw.) Kalb, Rivas Plata &amp; Lumbsch, sed ascosporis cum parietibus apicalibus incrassatis et atranorino producente differt.</p> <p>Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Serra do Mar; Serra do Garrãozinho between Moji das Cruzes and <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.166668/lat -23.75)">Bertioga</a>, in a very humid and dark primary rainforest (Mata Atlântica), 850 m, 23°45’ S, 46°10’ W, 29 March 1980, K. Kalb &amp; G. Plöbst (holotype SP, isotype hb Kalb 21130).</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the thickened end of the ascospores.</p> <p>Thallus crustose, corticolous, continuous, 100–180 µm thick, ± smooth or wrinkled, dull to slightly shiny, without warts, grey to green-grey, soralia and isidia absent. Medulla white, KOH-. Photobiont chlorococcoid, cells 6-8 µm in diameter. Apothecia sessile, rounded, 1–1.8 mm diam. and 0.4–0.5 mm high; disc plane to slightly concave, brown-grey to dark ochre; margin of piperis - type, thin, 100–200 µm thick, slightly prominent, whitish grey to dark grey, black when wet. Outer part of the exciple (30–50 µm) hyaline, internally brown to dark brown 100–200 µm thick, without a medullary layer or hydrophobic granules. Hypothecium 140–160 µm high, brown, KOH-. Epihymenium indistinct. Hymenium 80–100 µm high, hyaline. Asci 50–60 × 13–18 µm, (4–)6(–8) spored. Ascospores non-septate, wall unequally thickened, i.e. more thickened at both ends (or only one end), halonate, ellipsoid to fusiform, 12–17 × 6–10 µm, halo 1.5–2 µm thick. Chemistry: atranorin (major to trace) and a triterpene (major) with relative R f -values 73, 82, 88 in solvents A, B’, C (Elix &amp; Ernst-Russell 1993).</p> <p>Notes:—The new species is very similar to Malmidea vinosa, but that species differs in having ascospores with uniformly thickened walls and lacks secondary lichen products (holotype tested).</p> <p>Additional material examined: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Serra do Mar; Serra do Garrãozinho between Moji das Cruzes and <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.833332/lat -25.0)">Bertioga</a>, in a very humid and dark primary rainforest (Mata Atlântica), 850 m, 23°45’ S, 46°10’ W, 28 October 1978, K. Kalb &amp; G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 37864). — <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.833332/lat -25.0)">Serra do Mar</a>; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.833332/lat -25.0)">Serra de Paranapiacaba</a>, ca. 80 km SW of São Paulo, in a light and humid rainforest (Mata Atlântica), along the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.833332/lat -25.0)">Rio Juquiá</a>, 700 m, 24°00’ S, 47°20’ W, 28 March 1978, K. Kalb &amp; G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 37808). — <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.833332/lat -25.0)">Ilha Comprida</a> opposite Cananéia, in a dense and very humid coastal forest not subject to flooding (restinga), 3 m, 25°00’ S, 47°50’ W, 15 July 1979, K. Kalb (hb. Kalb 21134).— Rio de Janeiro: Serra da Mantiqueira; Itatiaia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.583332/lat -22.333334)">Parque National do Itatiaia</a>, in a humid and dark primary rainforest (Mata Atlântica), 800 m, 22°20’ S, 44°35’ W, 21 July 1978, K. Kalb &amp; G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 38972). — <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.583332/lat -22.333334)">Serra da Mantiqueira</a>; Itatiaia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.583332/lat -22.333334)">Parque National do Itatiaia</a>, in a humid and dark primary rainforest (Mata Atlântica), 1100 m, 22°20’ S, 44°35’ W, 21. VII. 1978, K. Kalb &amp; G. Plöbst (hb. Kalb 38973).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9DEA2B5E89F03DFEE7FB48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF9CEA255E89F259FD57FEF0.text	197C3E69FF9CEA255E89F259FD57FEF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malmidea reunionis Kalb 2012	<div><p>Malmidea reunionis Kalb sp. nov. (Fig. 2H) Mycobank MB 564183</p> <p>Sicut Malmidea polycampia (Tuck.) Kalb &amp; Lücking sed ascosporis maioribus, soraliis deficientibus differt.</p> <p>Type:— MASCARENE ISLANDS. Reunion: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.591667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.591667/lat -21.133333)">Forêt de Bébour</a>, a few km NW of Plaine-des-Palmistes, sentier botanique, in a pristine tropical mountain rainforest, 1300 m, 21°08’ S, 55°35’30’’ E, 31 August 1991, K. &amp; A. Kalb (holotype hb. Kalb 25202).</p> <p>Etymology:—The new lichen is named after the island where the type was collected.</p> <p>Thallus crustose, corticolous, continuous, 50–90 µm thick, minutely verrucose, soralia and isidia absent. Medulla of verrucae and thallus cream to yellowish, KOH+ orange to pale purple. Photobiont chlorococcoid, cells 5–7 µm diam. Apothecia sessile, rounded, 0.7–1.5 mm diam. and 0.4–0.5 mm high; disc plane to slightly convex, chocolate brown; margin of granifera - type, thin, entire, slightly prominent, depressed with age, cream coloured to pale yellow. Excipulum hyaline at periphery, internally with a medullary layer composed of loosely arranged, periclinal hyphae with constricted septa, 120–150 µm wide, incrusted with ochraceousyellow hydrophobic granules, dissolving in KOH with a lemon yellow reaction. Hypothecium 180–250 µm high, pale brown to honey brown, KOH-. Epihymenium indistinct. Hymenium 160–200 µm high, hyaline. Asci 90–110 × 20–25 µm, (2–)4(–8) spored. Ascospores non-septate, wall not uniformly thickened, i.e. distinctly thicker at the ends, halonate, ellipsoid to fusiform, 22–30 × 12–15 µ m, halo 1–1.5 µm wide. Chemistry: no atranorin detected, but at least 6 unknown lichen substances present, among them one major yellow pigment with relative R f -values 50, 34, 35 in solvents A, B’ and C (Elix &amp; Ernst-Russell 1993).</p> <p>Notes:—The new species is distinguished by the rather large ascospores with distinct, terminal wall thickenings. Similar ascospores are known from M. chrysostigma (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata &amp; Lumbsch and M. incrassata Kalb (see above). The former can be distinguished by its golden to orange-red medulla and the presence of emodin as a major metabolite while the latter is distinguished by a piperis - type exciple, the lack of thalline warts and the much smaller ascospores. From M. polycampia, it is distinguished by the absence of soralia.</p> <p>Additional material examined: — MASCARENE ISLANDS. Reunion: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.5/lat -21.125)">Cirques de Cilaos</a>; Mare à Joseph between Thermales and Bras Sec, in remnants of a pristine rainforest, 1350 m, 21°07’30’’ S, 55°30’ E, 24 August 1991, K. &amp; A. Kalb (hb. Kalb 38967).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF9CEA255E89F259FD57FEF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA255E89F69AFD87FA4A.text	197C3E69FF92EA255E89F69AFD87FA4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malmidea tratiana Kalb & Mongkolsuk 2012	<div><p>Malmidea tratiana Kalb &amp; Mongkolsuk sp. nov. (Fig. 2I) Mycobank MB 564184</p> <p>Sicut Malmidea furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb &amp; Lücking sed thallo leve et sporis minoribus differt.</p> <p>Type:— THAILAND. Trat Province: Muang District, near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.476944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.173612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.476944/lat 12.173612)">Ban Nam Chieo</a>, in a ± disturbed mangrove forest on Rhizophora apiculata, ± 3 m, 12°10’25’’ N, 102°28’37’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb &amp; P. Mongkolsuk (holotype RAMK, isotype hb. Kalb 38852).</p> <p>Etymology:—This species is named after the type locality in Trat Province.</p> <p>Thallus crustose, corticolous, continuous, 150–250 µm thick, ± smooth or slightly bullate, green to greengrey, phenocortex ca. 10–15 µm thick with small crystals, algal layer 80–100 µm thick, medulla indistinct, ca. 60–150 µm thick, prothallus whitish, soralia and isidia absent. Photobiont chlorococcoid, cells 7–10 µm diam. Apothecia sessile, round, 0.3–0.5 mm diam. and 0.25–0.35 µm high; disc plane to slightly concave, pale leather brown to grey-brown; margin of piperis - type (Kalb et al. 2011), thick, prominent, black. Thalline exciple absent, proper exciple dark brown internally, outer part ± hyaline, 45–100 µ m wide without hydrophobic granules, KOH-. Hypothecium 70–100 µm high, blackish brown, KOH-. Epihymenium hyaline. Hymenium 70–80 µm high, hyaline. Asci 60–70 × 15–18 µm, 6–8 spored. Ascospores non-septate, wall uniformly thickened, halonate, ellipsoid to fusiform, 9–11 × 5–6 µm, halo 1 µm thick. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: an unknown spot with R f values 37, 9, 23 in solvents A, B’, C (Elix &amp; Ernst-Russell 1993).</p> <p>Notes:— Malmidea species with a piperis - type exciple are rare in the tropics but more abundant in subtropical regions or at higher elevations. On the other hand, species with a granifera - type exciple are more common in the tropics or at lower elevation. Kalb et al. (2011) mention only one species (Malmidea perplexa Kalb) with a piperis - type exciple for Thailand. Malmidea tratiana is readily distinguished from that species by its dark brown hypothecium (hyaline in M. perplexa) and the black margin of the apothecia (whitish grey to dark brownish grey in M. perplexa). Malmidea tratiana differs from the neotropical M. furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb &amp; Lücking by the ± smooth thallus (granular to isidiose in M. furfurosa) and smaller ascospores (9–11 × 5–6 µm versus 11–14 × 5–7.5 µm). Furthermore, no secondary lichen products could be detected in M. furfurosa by means of TLC.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF92EA255E89F69AFD87FA4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF92EA265E89F175FBCEFD01.text	197C3E69FF92EA265E89F175FBCEFD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melaspilea lekae Brackel & Kalb 2012	<div><p>Melaspilea lekae Brackel &amp; Kalb sp. nov. (Fig. 2J) Mycobank MB 564185</p> <p>Fungus lichenicola sicut Melaspilea diplasiospora (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., sed ascosporis minoribus et Sarcographa labyrinthica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. hospite differt.</p> <p>Etymology:—The new lichenicolous fungus is named in honour of Prof. Leka Manoch in recognition of her numerous contributions to Thai mycology.</p> <p>Type:— THAILAND. Trat Province: Muang District, near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.476944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.173612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.476944/lat 12.173612)">Ban Nam Chieo</a>, in a ± disturbed mangrove forest on Sarcographa labyrinthica, ± 3 m, 12°10’25’’ N, 102°28’37’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb &amp; P. Mongkolsuk (holotype RAMK, isotype hb. Kalb 38860).</p> <p>Ascomata lichenicolous on thallus and ascomata of Sarcographa labyrinthica, 0.2–0.4 × 0.1–0.2 mm, lirellate to ellipsoid, occasionally branched, solitary or irregularly aggregated, superficial with an exposed, reddish brown disc, leaving a black outline when eroded. Exciple laterally carbonized, 10–18 µm thick, ± absent below the hymenium. Hymenium colourless, ca. 60 µm high, hypothecium colourless to brownish, 8–13 µm high, both KOH-, I-, K/I-. Paraphyses septate, 2–3 µm wide, not or only sparsely branched with obovate terminal cells, 4–5 µm wide, these (or the two uppermost cells) with a granular brown pigment, K–. Asci clavate, ca. 35–40 × 13–20 µm, 4–8-spored, KOH-, I-, K/I-. Ascospores 1-septate, sole-shaped, distictly constricted at the septum, finely verruculose, pale to medium brown, 14–17 × 7–8 µm.</p> <p>Notes:—Previously only four Melaspilea species were known to grow on Graphidaceae, namely M. diplasiospora on Graphis elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach., M. epigena Müll. Arg. on Reimnitzia santensis (Tuck.) Kalb, M. epigraphella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. on Acanthothecis consocians (Nyl.) Staiger &amp; Kalb and M. lentiginosa (Lyell ex Leight.) Müll. Arg. on Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. All differ in the host and especially the ascospore dimensions. While the ascospores of M. diplasiospora are considerably larger (19.5–32 × 9.5–16 µ m) than those of M. lekae, they are smaller in M. epigena (10–12 × 5 µ m), M. epigraphella (9–11 × 3.5–4.5 µm) and M. lentiginosa 10–13.5 (–16) × 5–7.5 µm.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF92EA265E89F175FBCEFD01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF91EA265E89F58BFD18FB45.text	197C3E69FF91EA265E89F58BFD18FB45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porpidia albocaerulescens var. polycarpiza (Vain.) Rambold & Hertel 1989	<div><p>Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulf.) Hertel &amp; Knoph var. polycarpiza (Vain.) Rambold &amp; Hertel</p> <p>Porpidia albocaerulescens is characterized by a whitish grey thallus and immersed apothecia with whitepruinose discs. The norstictic acid containing chemotype has a center of distribution in the subtropical and tropical regions of South-East Asia. It has been reported from the southern Mediterranean region, eastern North America, the tropical parts of eastern Australia (Rambold 1989), the Philippines, India, China, Taiwan, Japan and Indonesia (Hertel 1977). Therefore the finding in Thailand is not surprising. It is a further addition to the Thai lichen biota.</p> <p>Specimen examined:— THAILAND. Chiang Mai Province: Lumphun, Mae On, ESE of Chiang Mai; descent from Doi Mon Larn to Mae Kam Pong village, on a low arenite boulder in an evergreen mountain forest dominated by Lithocarpus, Quercus and Castanopsis, ca. 1500 m. 18°51’22’’ N, 99°22’02’’ E, 19 March 2008, K. Kalb, K. Buaruang &amp; W. Saipunkaew (hb. Kalb, 36889, dupl. RAMK). Chemistry: norstictic acid (major) and connorstictic acid (minor).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF91EA265E89F58BFD18FB45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
197C3E69FF91EA275E89F248FEC3FEA5.text	197C3E69FF91EA275E89F248FEC3FEA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stirtonia rhizophorae Kalb & Mongkolsuk 2012	<div><p>Stirtonia rhizophorae Kalb &amp; Mongkolsuk sp. nov. (Fig. 2K–L) Mycobank MB564186</p> <p>Sicut Stirtonia macrocarpa Makhija &amp; Patw. et S. schummii Aptroot, sed acidum confluenticum continet.</p> <p>Type:— THAILAND. Trat Province: Muang District, near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.476944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.173612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.476944/lat 12.173612)">Ban Nam Chieo</a>, in a ± disturbed mangrove forest on Rhizophora apiculata, ± 3 m, 12°10’25’’ N, 102°28’37’’ E, 25 February 2011, K. Kalb &amp; P. Mongkolsuk (holotype RAMK, isotype hb. Kalb 38845).</p> <p>Etymology:—The new species is named after the phorophyte on which the type species was collected.</p> <p>Thallus spreading, covering an area of up to 7 cm diam., contiguous, smooth to slightly warty, whitish grey, with calcium oxalate crystals, I+ blue. Ascigerous zones delimited, round to slightly elongated in outline, 0.5– 1.5 mm diam., raised, always higher than the thallus, white, with calcium oxalate crystals, I+ blue. Asci globose to ovoid, 8-spored, ascospores 12–15-septate, ellipsoid, 60–85 × 25–33 µm, cells of ± equal size (Fig. 2 L). Chemistry: confluentic acid (TLC). Thallus and ascigerous zones C-, Pd-, KOH-, UV-.</p> <p>Notes:—At present, no other species of Stirtonia is known to have this chemistry. It should be noted that a chemical reinvestigation of the type of Stirtonia schummii did not confirm the presence of perlatolic acid as mentioned in the protologue, but rather psoromic acid. This finding was confirmed by co-chromatography with the pure acid. Furthermore, Stirtonia macrocarpa probably does not contain 2’- O -methylperlatolic acid as mentioned by Aptroot (2009), but three unknown substances (Makhija &amp; Patwardan 1987). Confluentic acid is a common substance in the related genus Cryptothecia which differs from Stirtonia in having muriform ascospores. However, ascospore septation is variable in many genera and both transversely septate and muriform ascospores can be found in closely related species of the same genus (Lücking 2009). The genera of Arthoniales are currently being revised by G. Thor and A. Frisch (pers. comm.) so that no taxonomic changes are made here.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197C3E69FF91EA275E89F248FEC3FEA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalb, Klaus;Buaruang, Kawinnat;Mongkolsuk, Pachara;Boonpragob, Kansri	Kalb, Klaus, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Boonpragob, Kansri (2012): New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus. Phytotaxa 42: 35-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.42.1.5
