taxonID	type	description	language	source
0391A571211BC67F78ADFDC34D1BF8E2.taxon	diagnosis	Cellulae juvenes ellipsoideo-cylindricae, 10.8 – 11.6 µm longae, 4.6 – 5.8 µm latae, flagellis 2 circa aequilongis praeditae. Papilla bimamillata, ex apice cellulari subexcentrica. Aetate cellulae maiores, ellipsoideae, papillas flagellaque amittentes. Cellulae maturae in cultura liquida crescentes usque ad 13.1 µm longae, 10.8 µm latae; in agaro, in statu palmelloideo usque 18.0 µm longae, 15.4 µm latae attingentes. Chloroplastus viridis, parietalis, cupulatus, incisuris numerosis praeditus, pyrenoide unica centraliter posita, intrusiones irregulares multiplices e membranis thylacoidium compositae eae lamellis amylaceis circumdatae continens. Vacuolae apicales contractiles duae. Stigma ellipsoideum, in parte cellulae 1 / 3 apicali situm. Zoosporis 2 – 4 – 8 per sporangium regenerans.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A571211BC67F78ADFDC34D1BF8E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR 610484.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A571211BC67F78ADFDC34D1BF8E2.taxon	description	Young cells ellipsoidal – cylindrical, 10.8 – 11.6 µm long, 4.6 – 5.8 µm wide, with 2 flagella of approximately equal length. Papilla bimammillate, slightly offset from cell apex. Cells becoming larger and ellipsoidal with age, with papilla and flagella being lost (Fig. 1 A). Mature cells in liquid culture up to 13.1 µm long, 10.8 µm wide; on agar, up to 18.0 µm long, 15.4 µm wide in palmelloid state (Fig. 1 B). Chloroplast green, parietal, cup-shaped with numerous incisions, with single, centrally located pyrenoid, containing multiple irregular intrusions of thylakoid membranes and surrounded by starch plates (Fig. 1 C, D). Two apical contractile vacuoles. Stigma ellipsoidal, located in apical third of cell (Fig. 1 A). Reproduction by zoospores, 2 – 4 – 8 (– 16) per sporangium (Fig. 1 B). DNA sequence data for both 18 S (Fig. 7) and rbc L (Fig. 9) show that C. palmellomoewusii belongs to the Moewusii clade. Habitat: — Alpine herbfield soil.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A571211BC67F78ADFDC34D1BF8E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — New Zealand.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A571211BC67F78ADFDC34D1BF8E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Reflecting the strong resemblance of the species to the related C. moewusii Gerloff 1940, and occurring predominantly in a palmelloid form in culture.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A571211BC67F78ADFDC34D1BF8E2.taxon	discussion	Observations: — Data for the rbc L gene (Fig. 9) show that this species is quite distinct from C. pseudogloeogama, previously found on Mt Philistine (Novis et al. 2008); the two are not sister species. They also differ in size, length: width ratio, papilla structure, and in the more cylindrical shape of the young cells in C. palmellomoewusii. In this respect, and in papilla structure, cell size, and pyrenoid location, the new species strongly resembles C. moewusii; in the absence of molecular data, the specimens would likely have been assigned to this species. Morphology of the pyrenoid is characteristic of the Moewusii clade. According to traditional classification, this strain would belong in section Chlamydella (Ettl 1983), due to its single lateral pyrenoid in a cup-shaped chloroplast. Within this section it is closest to C. gymnogama (Deason 1967), which also has numerous incisions in the chloroplast. C. gymnogama is regarded as a synonym of Lobochlamys segnis (Pröschold et al. 2001), which 18 S sequences show to differ from C. palmellomoewusii. Cultures: — LCR-CG 1, LCR-CG 4.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712119C67D78ADFC984EA4FADD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR 610485. Cells spherical, 5.0 – 24.0 (– 60.0) µm wide, single or in loose, irregular groups. Cell wall smooth, <0.5 µm thick in young cells, but up to 5.0 µm thick in large, mature cells (Fig. 2 C). Numerous discoidal – polygonal chloroplasts lacking pyrenoids, parietal but occasionally folded towards the cell interior (Fig. 2 A). Reproduction through autospores, 2 – 4 – 8 – 16 per sporangium (Fig. 2 D). Zoospores not observed. Cells in older cultures develop red pigmentation in the cytoplasm, especially immediately surrounding the nucleus and when exposed to strong light (compare Figs 2 F and G). DNA sequence data for 18 S showed the species to belong to Bracteacoccus, but without close affinities (Fig. 7). Habitat: — Alpine herbfield soil.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712119C67D78ADFC984EA4FADD.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — New Zealand.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712119C67D78ADFC984EA4FADD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the red pigmentation developed by older cultures. Observations: — Data for rbc L failed to reconstruct Bracteacoccus as a clade (Fig. 9); the phylogenetic conclusions are therefore drawn from 18 S data. The size and red colouration of B. ruber resemble those reported for B. minor (Chodat) Petrová 1931, but the two are not closest relatives according to DNA sequences. Fučíková et al. (2011) suggest that Bracteacoccus (Tereg 1923) and Pseudomuriella (Hanagata 1998) are morphologically cryptic genera. However, our strain of Bracteacoccus is clearly related to B. aerius (Bischoff & Bold 1963) UTEX 1250, which falls in the Bracteacoccus clade of Fučíková et al. The large cells with multilayered wall suggest B. giganteus (Bischoff & Bold 1963), but 18 S rDNA sequences clearly distinguish this from B. ruber (Fig. 7). Capacity to develop the red colouration was found to diminish over time following isolation from field material, especially if the population underwent a culture cycle in liquid medium before replating on agar. A crude spectrophotometer test indicated that the pigment absorbs in the UV spectrum (data not shown). Cultures: — LCR-CG 8.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712107C66078ACFC984EA4FF50.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR 610486. Cells ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, 6.2 – 9.2 µm long, 4.6 – 8.5 µm wide, single or in groups. Cell wall appearing smooth and thin in LM. Chloroplast cup-shaped, parietal, with single prominent pyrenoid traversed by one (– several) thylakoid membranes and encased in a segmented starch sheath of two (– several) parts (Fig. 3 E). Cell walls appear layered in TEM, especially in dividing cells, with irregular convoluted folds, especially in outer layers (Fig. 3 F). Reproduction by autospores, 2 – 4 – 8 (– 16) per sporangium (Fig. 3 B), often tightly packed; remnant mother cell walls frequently seen among cultured cells (Fig. 3 C). Very small protruberances are visible on the cell wall by TEM (Fig 3 E). DNA sequence data for the 18 S gene suggest that this new genus represents a sister lineage to the clade formed by the genera Acutodesmus, Scenedesmus, Desmodesmus, Neodesmus, Pectinodesmus, Comasiella, and Coelastrum (Fig. 7). Habitat: — Alpine herbfield soil.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712107C66078ACFC984EA4FF50.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — New Zealand.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712107C66078ACFC984EA4FF50.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the relationship of this species with morphologically distinctive members of the genus Scenedesmus. Observations: — Sequence data for rbc L were not obtained; amplified bands were 1 Kb larger than the standard size for the fragment, indicating the presence of a large intron and impeding sequencing. Of particular interest, given the phylogenetic position of Cryptodesmus, are morphological features that might be homologous to more developed forms in Scenedesmus - like species (wall ornamentation, spines, coenobial colonies). A starch sheath surrounding the pyrenoid is found in Scenedesmus, but the morphology of the sheath and penetrating thylakoid described here is also very similar to that of Heterochlorella luteoviridis Neustupa et al. 2009, a species placed unambiguously in the Watanabea clade, Trebouxiophyceae. It is also similar to that of Stichococcus jenerensis Neustupa et al. 2007, placed in the Prasiola clade, also in the Trebouxiophyceae. Pyrenoid morphology is therefore unhelpful. Scenedesmus species generally possess ornamented cell walls, and the walls of Cryptodesmus display an unusual layered structure, with slight evidence of thickenings resembling the processes sometimes found in Scenedesmus (Fig. 3 E). It is possible that these features share a common evolutionary origin. The dividing cells of Cryptodesmus are no more reminiscent of coenobial division than those of many other coccoid genera. At least two globose – coccoid forms of Scenedesmus (S. rotundus Lewis & Flechtner 2004 and Hylodesmus singaporensis Eliás et al. 2010 are already known (Fig. 7 )). Perhaps tellingly, these species with greatly reduced ornamentation are not found in fully aquatic habitats: S. rotundus was isolated from microbiotic crusts, and H. singaporensis from rotting wood. It is therefore possible that desiccation tolerance, and perhaps a reduced risk of predation, leads to the lack of the more spectacular ornamentations typical of Scenedesmus. The inclusion of two species of Coelastrum in the Scenedesmus clade, separated from Cryptodesmus, suggests that evolution of the features typical of Scenedesmus postdates the divergence between Scenedesmus and Cryptodesmus, and this may be resolved further if more diversity within a Cryptodesmus clade can be discovered. Other species exist with similar internal structure, such as Pseudochlorococcum polymorphum (Archibald 1970), but these lack the external irregularities. In coccoids with external irregularities, such as Glochiococcus aciculiferus (Silva 1996), Pseudotrochiscia (Vinatzer 1975), and Trochisciopsis (Vinatzer 1975), the protrusions are far more pronounced than in Cryptodesmus. Cultures: — LCR-CG 7.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66178ACFC984E96FB30.taxon	diagnosis	Cellulae sphaericae vel ellipsoideae, 4.6 – 7.7 µm longae, 3.5 – 7.3 µm latae. Paries cellularis nullus. Chloroplastus parietalis, cupulatus, lobis incisurisque instructus, pyrenoide unica in forma reticulata e intrusionibus thylacoidium composita in vagina amylacea segmentata includenti continens. Autosporis 2 – 4 – 8 per sporangium regenerans. Zoosporae nudae biflagellatae visae, sed sporangia non visa.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66178ACFC984E96FB30.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR 610487.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66178ACFC984E96FB30.taxon	description	Cells single, spherical to ellipsoidal, 4.6 – 7.7 µm long, 3.5 – 7.3 µm wide. Cell wall absent (Fig. 4 B). Chloroplast parietal, cup-shaped, with lobes and incisions, containing single pyrenoid (Fig. 4 A) with reticulate pattern of thylakoid intrusions, surrounded by segmented starch sheath (Figs 4 B, C). Reproduction by autospores, 2 – 4 – 8 per sporangium. Naked biflagellate zoospores observed, but sporangia not seen. Habitat: — Alpine herbfield soil.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66178ACFC984E96FB30.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — New Zealand.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66178ACFC984E96FB30.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — “ Without a bulwark ” (wall), “ branched ” (referring to shape of intruding thylakoids in pyrenoid matrix).	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66178ACFC984E96FB30.taxon	discussion	Observations: — Vegetative cells often resemble chlamydomonad cells, with cup-shaped chloroplast and obvious polarity, but lack flagella (Fig. 4 A). In this feature the cells resemble Chloronomala cuprecola (Groover & Bold 1969) in the Gloeodendrales (sensu Ettl & Gärtner 1995), but the latter forms palmelloid colonies. Cystomonas (Ettl & Gärtner 1987) also resembles chlamydomonad cells, but retains a papilla, and other chlorococcaleans have different chloroplast and / or cell shapes, The rbc L phylogeny (Fig. 9) rules out its placement in any of the chlamydomonad clades known to date. Pyrenoid structure, with branched / reticulate thylakoids inside the matrix, is reminiscent of the structure found in pyrenoids of Hamakko caudatus Nakada & Nozaki 2009. Although no robust splits separate these two species in our rbc L phylogeny, there is also no indication that the two species are close relatives, and relationships in this part of the tree were not resolved. Attempts to amplify the 18 S rDNA gene from Achoma were unsuccessful; this could provide more information on the phylogenetic position of the genus. Cultures: — LCR-CG 11.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66778ADF9764EA4FD14.taxon	diagnosis	Cellulae sphaericae vel subsphaericae, 3.1 – 6.1 µm latae. Paries cellularis tenuis laevisque. Chloroplastus viridis, parietalis, lobatus, in cellulis valentibus incisuris 2 – 4 instructus. Pyrenoides nulla. Cellulae coloniales, mucilaginae maturae per matricem mucilaginis achromaticam instratosam uniformiter aequidistantes. Autosporis 2 – 4 – 8 per sporangium regenerans, eae per expansionem matricis gradatim separantes.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66778ADF9764EA4FD14.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR 610488.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66778ADF9764EA4FD14.taxon	description	Cells colonial, spherical or near-spherical, 3.1 – 6.1 µm wide. Cell wall thin and smooth. Chloroplast green, parietal, lobed, with 2 – 4 incisions in healthy cells. Pyrenoid absent (Fig. 4 E). Colonies mucilaginous, mature cells spaced evenly through colourless, unlayered mucilage matrix (Fig. 4 A). Reproduction by autospores, 2 – 4 – 8 per sporangium, gradually separating through expansion of mucilage matrix (Fig. 4 A). Sequence data for both the rbc L and 18 S rDNA genes suggested that the species formed a novel lineage in the Trebouxiophyceae, with no clear affinities (Figs 8, 9). Habitat: — Alpine herbfield soil.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66778ADF9764EA4FD14.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — New Zealand.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66778ADF9764EA4FD14.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — “ Spherical shaped ”, referring to the cell.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712105C66778ADF9764EA4FD14.taxon	discussion	Observations: — The morphology of this species — mucilaginous colonies, lack of pyrenoids and zoospores — suggests an affinity with Coccomyxa, yet S. orbicularis is clearly a distant relative of species in the Coccomyxa clades. More discussion of these clades is given in remarks on Pseudococcomyxa simplex (below). The colonial mucilaginous habit lacking zoospores accords with the Radiococcaceae sensu Ettl & Gärtner (1995). Of the genera therein, the New Zealand strain most closely matches Schizochlamydella Korshikov (1953), with cells irregularly dispersed in homogeneous mucilage. Only one other species of Schizochlamydella lacks a pyrenoid, namely S. minutissima Broady (1982). However, this species is slightly smaller than our strain, with ellipsoidal juvenile cells. One species has previously received attention at the molecular level (Wolf et al. 2003): Schizochlamydella capsulata (Watanabe 1977). This strain is distinguished from our material by containing one or more pyrenoids, and is placed in the Oocystaceae using 18 S rDNA sequences (Wolf et al. 2003), not closely related to S. orbicularis (Fig. 8). Given the paucity of characters available to classify these species, it is not surprising that morphology does not reflect phylogeny. Typification in the genus Schizochlamydella is problematic, however. The type species of the genus, S. delicatula (West) Korshikov (1953) was transferred to the chrysophycean genus Phaeoschizochlamys Lemmerman (1898) by Bourrelly (1957). However, this transfer was made without pigment or molecular analyses; we regard the choice of Schizochlamys for our material as prudent until the phylogenetic placement of the type species is clearly established. Cultures: — LCR-CG 9.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712103C66778ADFF404EA4F808.taxon	diagnosis	Cellulae quoad formam variabiles, sphaericae vel ellipsoideae vel pyriformes, 6.2 – 9.2 µm longae, 4.6 – 8.5 µm latae, cytoplasmate granulari, unicae vel in greges aggregatae. Chlorplastus viridis, cupulatus, parietalis, pyrenoidibus 1 – 2 per thylacoides valde circulariter flexuosae penetratis, quaeque pyrenoglobulis circumdatae. Autosporis 2 – 4 per sporangium regenerans. Variochloris sita per analysem per sequentias geneticas rbcL in clado valde confirmato conjunctim speciebus alpinis Stichococci novae-zelandiae, Raphidonemtae nivali ex USA atque speciebus duabus “ Chlorellae ”.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712103C66778ADFF404EA4F808.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR 610489.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712103C66778ADFF404EA4F808.taxon	description	Cells variable in shape, spherical to ellipsoidal to pyriform, 6.2 – 9.2 µm long, 4.6 – 8.5 µm wide, with granular cytoplasm, single or in groups (Fig. 5 A, B). Chloroplast green, cup-shaped, parietal, with 1 – 2 pyrenoids, penetrated by looped thylakoids, each surrounded by pyrenoglobuli (Figs 5 E, F). Reproduction by autospores, 2 – 4 per sporangium (Fig. 5 C). Analysis based on rbc L gene sequences placed Variochloris in a robustly supported clade with alpine species of Stichococcus from New Zealand, Raphidonema nivale Lagerheim from USA, and two “ Chlorella ” species (Fig. 9). The same phylogenetic position was established with 18 S rDNA sequences according to the Bayesian analysis, but no close matches were found with strains previously sequenced. Habitat: — Alpine herbfield soil.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712103C66778ADFF404EA4F808.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — New Zealand.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712103C66778ADFF404EA4F808.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to variable shape and presence of pyrenoglobuli.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712103C66778ADFF404EA4F808.taxon	discussion	Observations: — Variochloris shares morphological features with Chlorella, but this generic name has priority in the Chlorellales (with the type species Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck 1890). Pyrenoglobuli are known from taxa in other clades, such as Trebouxia (Tarhanen et al. 2000), and Heveochlorella hainangensis Zhang et al. (2008) in the Watanabea clade. Thylakoid patterns within the pyrenoid matrix in these taxa are also similar. The species of Stichococcus in the same clade as Variochloris do not have pyrenoids, and ultrastructure of this feature in Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck 1907 and C. saccharophila (Krüger) Migula 1907 appears to be unknown. The association of coccoid and non-coccoid species in this clade has been noted previously (Novis et al. 2008), and these new results confirm the polyphyly of trebouxiophycean strains referred to Stichococcus. Cultures: — LCR-CG 2.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712101C66A78ADFC984EA4FEC4.taxon	diagnosis	Cellulae juvenes cylindrico-ellipsoidales, 6.2 – 7.7 µm longae, 3.1 – 4.6 µm latae, aetate ellipsoideae vel sphaericae, usque ad 8.5 µm latae, unicae vel in greges aggregatae, cytoplasma vesiculis tribus vel pluribus instructa (ut videtur materiam lipidicam includentibus) continentes. Paries cellularis tenuis laevisque. Chloroplastus viridis, parietalis, cupulatus, pyrenoidem unicam per vagina valde segmentata amylacea circumdatam continens. Matrix pyrenoidis thylacoidibus pluribus penetrata sed forma non distincta. Autosporis 2 – 4 per sporangium regenerans.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712101C66A78ADFC984EA4FEC4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW ZEALAND: Westland: Mt Philistine, 1400 m, preserved cultured specimen from sample collected 30 November 2007, CHR 610490.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712101C66A78ADFC984EA4FEC4.taxon	description	Young cells cylindrical – ellipsoidal, 6.2 – 7.7 µm long, 3.1 – 4.6 µm wide, becoming ellipsoidal to spherical with age, up to 8.5 µm wide, singly or in groups, containing 3 – numerous vesicles in cytoplasm (thought to contain lipid; Fig. 5 A). Cell wall thin and smooth. Chloroplast green, parietal, cup-shaped, with single pyrenoid surrounded by highly segmented starch sheath (Fig. 5 B). Pyrenoid matrix penetrated by several thylakoids, but pattern indistinct. Reproduction by autospores, 2 – 4 per sporangium. Sequence data for the 18 S rDNA gene placed E. philistinensis robustly in a clade of Elliptochloris species, but separated from others by a moderately long branch emerging at the first node (Fig. 8). Habitat: — Alpine herbfield soil.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712101C66A78ADFC984EA4FEC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — New Zealand.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712101C66A78ADFC984EA4FEC4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to Mt Philistine, the site of collection.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A5712101C66A78ADFC984EA4FEC4.taxon	discussion	Observations: — Elliptochloris represents a well-defined genus in the Trebouxiophyceae. The pyrenoid of E. marina Letsch et al. 2009 is described as a “ thylakoid free region ” in the chloroplast, and appears similar to our observations. One other species, E. subsphaerica (Reisigl) Ettl & Gärtner (1995) has a pyrenoid, but this is clearly distinguished from E. philistinensis by young cells that are frequently curved, and by molecular data (Fig. 8). Cultures: — LCR-CG 5.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
0391A571210EC66A78ADFD704ED2FC81.taxon	description	Observations: — Previously, only data for rbc L were available for this species from Mt Philistine. The 18 S data presented here show that Pseudococcomyxa simplex from Mt Philistine is a close relative of P. simplex UTEX 274 (Fig. 8). Both of these strains belong to a clade that includes species of Coccomyxa as well as Paradoxia spp. This clade is distinct from a second clade comprising other species of Coccomyxa; clearly this genus is polyphyletic and requires revision. Interestingly, the oblique division plane characteristic of Pseudococcomyxa (Broady 1987, Novis et al. 2008) is also evident in Paradoxia multiseta Svirenko 1928 during vegetative division (Hegewald & Reymond 1987). Some species currently regarded as Coccomyxa, such as C. confluens (Kützing) Fott 1974, appear to share this feature (Ettl & Gärtner 1995), although how it is distributed phylogenetically is presently unclear. It may be a morphological feature that can be used to separate the two clades.	en	Novis, Phil M., Visnovsky, Gabriel (2012): Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta. Phytotaxa 39: 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1
