taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FFA868FFD1FFF45506F89E82F548FD.taxon	type_taxon	(type species Ezaria montana Takakuwa, 1941, by monotypy; synonymized by Hoffman 1980).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD1FFF45506F89E82F548FD.taxon	type_taxon	(type species Profontaria takakuwai Verhoeff, 1941, by monotypy; synonymized by Tanabe 1994).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD1FFF45506F89E82F548FD.taxon	type_taxon	(type species Ezodesmus lunatus, Takakuwa, 1942, by monotypy; synonymized with Profontaria by Hoffman 1956, synonymized with Levizonus by Tanabe 1994).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD1FFF45506F89E82F548FD.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, by original designation.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD1FFF45506F89E82F548FD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Differs from other Palearctic xystodesmid genera mainly by the circular, arcuate to coiled ring-like (one ring vs 1.5 to 2 rings in Parafontaria Verhoeff, 1936) slender, uniramous gonopod telopodite without prefemoral process (as in Parafontaria), but with a modified apex; by relatively long subcylindrical gonopod coxa (vs oval in Parafontaria), and a short SL (Figs 5 A, 8 C) (as in Parafontaria but vs long in Riukiaria Attems, 1938).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD1FFF45506F89E82F548FD.taxon	description	Description Male COLOUR. Ventral and lateral body parts yellow-white. Tergites often with a brown pattern (Fig. 12). HEAD. Smooth, setose frontally, more densely so at external margin, with 2 + 2 vertigial setae and lateral excavation for accommodation of antennae. Epicranial suture distinct. Antennae slightly clavate, with four apical cones. COLLUM. Ovoid, considerably broader than head but somewhat narrower than ring 2. BODY. Stout, with 20 rings including telson. Metaterga moderately convex, without setae. Transverse metatergal sulcus absent but metaterga with a shallow transverse medial depression. Dorsal surface of metazona shining and smooth excluding L. circularis (= L. variabilis syn. nov.), with transverse rows of low bosses on metaterga. Paraterga relatively well developed, with narrow peritremata (calluses). Paraterga thin on rings 1 – 4, thicker on more posterior rings. Anterior angles of paraterga rounded, posterior angles rounded, becoming somewhat elongated though never clear-cut on posterior half of body. Pore formula normal. Pleurites finely granular. Sternites with two small outgrowths between leg pair 3 and leg pair 4. TELSON. Caudal dorsal projection weakly conical. Anal valve with two setae at a bolster-shaped mesal edge. Subanal scale subtriangular, with 1 + 1 setae. LEGS. Relatively long but stout, increasingly strong in anterior part of body. Coxa and prefemur (either only prefemur or only coxa) of all postgonopodal legs (or only hind legs) distoventrally with a small short outgrowth becoming longer posteriorly toward telson. Coxa 2 with a large setose outgrowth terminating the vas deferens. GONOPODS. Gonopodal opening pear-shaped. Gonopods in situ held parallel to each other. Coxa relatively long, slender, subcylindrical, not fused medially, with strong setae distally (Figs 5 C, 6 A, 7 A, 9 A, 10 A). Sternal apodeme and coxa subequal in length. Telopodites slender, arcuate to coiled and ring-like (one ring), unipartite, gutter-shaped, tapering distally or subparallel-sided, with or without longitudinal flange on inner surface, with a modified apex. Prefemoral process absent. Prefemur with a small lateral outgrowth basally only. Border between acropodite and prefemur indistinct. Distal part of acropodite with an external short process (= SL) terminating the seminal groove (Figs 5 D, 8 C, 10 B). Female BODY. Usually stouter than in male. 20 rings including telson. LEGS. Usually slenderer than in male. Coxa 2 with a small, setigerous process. Sternites with two tiny outgrowths between leg pair 3 only. VULVAE. Setose. Bursa composed of two valves, operculum, one setose receptacle. Valves almost identical in size and shape.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD1FFF45506F89E82F548FD.taxon	distribution	Distribution Russia (Far East: Primorskiy krai), North Korea, Japan (Hokkaido), North-East China.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD4FFF8555CFA6984B94953.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 3, 13	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD4FFF8555CFA6984B94953.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The main distinguishing characters of the species are as follows: apex of gonopod telopodite (Fig. 2 C) not like two plates placed perpendicular to each other as in L. malewitschi; gonopod SL, more or less strongly curved mesad (vs not strongly curved mesad in other congeners); the central edge of the gonopod telopodite apex with outgrowths and spinules (Fig. 3 A – D) (vs without outgrowths and spinules in other congeners excluding L. thaumasius, L. nakhodka sp. nov. and L. malewitschi); metaterga with low bosses either everywhere (Fig. 1) or only laterally (vs smooth in other congeners).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD4FFF8555CFA6984B94953.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined RUSSIA • 1 ♂ (holotype of Levizonus variabilis; unfortunately, the holotype is devoid of gonopods); Primorskiy krai, Lazovskiy District, Olenevod; 14 Sep. 1968; L. S. Shvetsova leg.; ZMUM 1912 • 1 ♀; Primorskiy krai, Lazovskiy State Nature Reserve, Zvyozdochka Cordon; 8 Jun. 1979; E. V. Mikhaljova leg.; valley of stream, litter; FSCB 11979 • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding but Quercus forest on the coast near Petrova Island; 9 Jun. 1979; E. V. Mikhaljova leg.; litter; FSCB 21979 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding but Sokolovka Cordon; 11 Jun. 1979; E. V. Mikhaljova leg.; forest, litter; FSCB 41979 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding but Amerika Cordon; 17 Jun. 1979; E. V. Mikhaljova leg.; valley forest, litter; FSCB 71979 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding but Pinus koraiensis forest; 20 Jun. 1979, E. V. Mikhaljova leg.; litter; FSCB 141979 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding but in a glade; 4 – 5 Sep. 2005; S. Yu. Storozhenko, V. S. Sidorenko, S. K. Kholin and Yu. N. Sundukov leg.; pitfall traps; FSCB 162005 • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding but Korpad Cordon; 2 Sep. 2005; S. Yu. Storozhenko, V. S. Sidorenko, S. K. Kholin and Yu. N. Sundukov leg.; grass meadow, pitfall traps; FSCB 142005 • 1 ♂; Primorskiy krai, Chuguevskiy District, Verchneussuriiskiy Research Station; 13 Aug. 1973; G. F. Kurcheva leg.; forest; FSCB 11973 • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 21 – 25 May 2008; S. A. Shabalin leg.; forest; FSCB 212008 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 27 – 30 Jun. 2008; S. A. Shabalin leg.; forest; FSCB 222008 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 21 – 24 Aug. 2008; S. A. Shabalin leg.; forest; FSCB 232008 • 1 ♂; Primorskiy krai, Lazovskiy mountain range, Shpilka pass, near 1000 m a. s. l.; Aug. 2012; G. N. Ganin leg.; dark coniferous forest; FSCB 292012. NORTH-EAST CHINA – Jilin Province • 1 ♂; environs of Baishan town; 30 Aug. 2019; L. A. Prozorova and Guoyi Zhang leg.; FSCB 12019 Ch. Material re-examined (specimen published by Mikhaljova et al. 2000) NORTH KOREA – Hamgjŏng-namdo Province • 1 ♂; Lake Čangdžin-ho; 9 Jun. 1965; M. Mroczkowski and A. Riedel leg.; FSCB 11965 K.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD4FFF8555CFA6984B94953.taxon	description	Description Male SIZE. Body 25 – 30 mm long, 3.3 – 3.8 mm wide. COLOUR. Shining whitish. Tergites often patterned with lateral marbled brown spots and transverse brown stripes. HEAD. Epicranial suture not quite reaching the level of antennal sockets. Lateral excavation of head relatively deep for accommodation of antennae. Antennae rather slender, varying from short (reaching to front edge of ring 2) to long (reaching to front edge of ring 4). BODY. Metaterga with bosses (Fig. 1) increasingly evident from ring 5 posteriorly, especially so in males in contrast to females and juveniles. The number and location of the bosses varies from a few (or one) only in lateral parts above peritremata to relatively numerous as transverse rows throughout each metatergite (Fig. 1 B). Paraterga rounded laterally; starting from ring 12 – 13, they have rounded, though never clear-cut, caudal corners. TELSON. Caudal dorsal projection with long sparse setae, blunt apically. LEGS. Each coxa and prefemur of postgonopodal legs distoventrally with a short conical knob becoming spineshaped in coxa toward telson. Coxa of leg 2 with a large setigerous process curved forward and terminating with gonopore. GONOPODS. Distal part of coxite with three strong setae laterally (two) (Fig. 2 A) and mesally (one) (Fig. 2 E). Telopodite laterally with longitudinal striae along almost its entire length. Distal part of telopodite with an external dentiform process (= SL) of different length. SL more (Figs 2 F, 3 A – I) or less (Figs 2 B, 3 J) strongly curved mesad and located lower or higher. Central edge of telopodite apex with outgrowths and spinules of varying shape and size (Figs 2 C, 3 A – J). Female SIZE. Body 25 – 32 mm long, 3.0 – 5.0 mm wide, often stouter than in male. BODY. Metatergal bosses either relatively well developed or traceable, same as in juvenile. LEGS. Coxa 2 with a small, pointed, setigerous process. VULVAE. As in Fig. 2 G.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD4FFF8555CFA6984B94953.taxon	distribution	Distribution Russia: Far East (Primorskiy krai); North Korea; North-East China.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD4FFF8555CFA6984B94953.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was originally described by Takakuwa (1942) from Zyônanri (modern names: village: Sangnam-ri; county: Yeonweon-gun; province: Pyeongannam-do; North Korea). However the original description is far too fragmentary. That L. circularis might prove to be a senior synonym of L. variabilis has long been suspected (Golovatch 1979; Mikhaljova et al. 2000). So, the above male from North Korea, kept at FSCB, can be considered as near topotypic, because both localities are only a few airkm away from one another. Unfortunately, information about the holotype of L. circularis could not be found; the holotype is probably lost. Maybe it was deposited in the private collection of Y. Miyosi as Takakuwa’s other xystodesmid samples and was destroyed (see Tanabe 1994). Originally described from Lazovskiy (old name: Sudzukhinskiy) and Kavalerovskiy districts, Primorskiy krai, Russia (Lokschina & Golovatch 1977), L. variabilis appears to be widespread in and confined to the south-eastern and eastern parts of the Primorskiy krai (Mikhaljova 2017). The gonopods of L. variabilis are variable (Mikhaljova 1981 a; Mikhaljova et al. 2000). The telopodite apex carries outgrowths and spinules of varying shape and size (Fig. 3 A – D). The SL is located somewhat lower and less strongly curved mesad in specimens from North Korea (Fig. 3 J) and North-East China (Fig. 2 A – B) as compared to that of Russian samples. Supported by the geographical evidence and the morphological variability of the gonopods of L. variabilis, the following new formal synonym is proposed: Levizonus circularis Takakuwa, 1942 = Levizonus variabilis Lokschina & Golovatch 1977 syn. nov., the valid name being the first. Levizonus circularis and accordingly its junior synonym L. variabilis have never been recorded from China. The species is new for the Chinese fauna.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD8FFF95554FBFD82824C07.taxon	description	Figs 4, 13	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD8FFF95554FBFD82824C07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This species differs from congeners mainly by the presence of a H (conical process) (Fig. 4 B – C) at the base of the gonopod SL (vs absence of a H at the base of the gonopod SL in all other congeners) and the smaller body (vs larger in all other congeners).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD8FFF95554FBFD82824C07.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined RUSSIA • 1 ♂; Primorskiy krai, Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Nechet Cordon; 23 Jul. 1979; M. N. Gromyko leg.; Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. with Larix forest; FSCB 91979 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding but Zimoveiniy Cordon; 8 Aug. 1983; M. N. Gromyko leg.; Betula valley forest, third floodplain river terrace of Serebryanka River; FSCB 11983 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding but Yasnaya Cordon; 24 Jun. 1984; M. N. Gromyko leg.; Betula valley forest; FSCB 11984.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD8FFF95554FBFD82824C07.taxon	distribution	Distribution Russia: Far East, Primorskiy krai (Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFD8FFF95554FBFD82824C07.taxon	discussion	Remarks The species is known only from the original description from the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Primorskiy krai, Russia (Mikhaljova 1990). Gonopods and vulvae as in Fig. 4.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFA5555FEAB87D749B4.taxon	description	Figs 5, 13	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFA5555FEAB87D749B4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The species differs from its congeners mainly by the always smooth central edge of the gonopod telopodite apex (vs with one to numerous outgrowths and spinules in L. distinctus, L. thaumasius, L. circularis, L. nakhodka sp. nov., L. malewitschi) and the strong dentiform SL (Fig. 5 A – E).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFA5555FEAB87D749B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined RUSSIA • 1 ♂; Primorskiy krai, Lazovskiy State Nature Reserve, Sokolovka Cordon; 11 Jun. 1979; E. V. Mikhaljova leg.; about 2,5 km below the pass; FSCB 101979.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFA5555FEAB87D749B4.taxon	distribution	Distribution Russia: Far East, Primorskiy krai (Lazovskiy State Nature Reserve).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFA5555FEAB87D749B4.taxon	discussion	Remarks The species has hitherto been reported only from Lazovskiy State Nature Reserve, Primorskiy krai, Russia, its terra typica. Levizonus laqueatus is a dominant species; its abundance is 166 ind. / m 2 (Mikhaljova 1981 b). Vulva as in Fig. 5 F.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFC568DFAA6856A4F59.taxon	description	Figs 6, 13	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFC568DFAA6856A4F59.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The species differs from its congeners mainly by the configuration of the gonopod telopodite apex, like two plates placed perpendicular to each other, the central one with a seminal groove, the second one being serrate at its outer margin (Fig. 6 A – B) (vs without two plates in all congeners).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFC568DFAA6856A4F59.taxon	materials_examined	Material re-examined (specimens published by Mikhaljova 1993) RUSSIA • 1 ♀; Primorskiy krai, Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Blagodatnoe; 22 Sep. 1982; M. N. Gromyko leg.; Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. forest; FSCB 11982 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 26 – 27 Jun. 1986; M. N. Gromyko leg.; FSCB 11986.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFC568DFAA6856A4F59.taxon	distribution	Distribution Russia: Far East, Primorskiy krai.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDAFFFC568DFAA6856A4F59.taxon	discussion	Remarks Originally described from Kavalerovskiy District, Primorskiy krai, Russia (Lokschina & Golovatch 1977), this species appears to be distributed in eastern and central parts of the Primorskiy krai (Mikhaljova 2017). The abundance ranges from 3.5 ind. / m 2 in mountainous forest to 62 ind. / m 2 in valley forests (Kurcheva & Mikhaljova 1980). Vulva as in Fig. 6 C.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDCFFFD5549FDCB832A4EFB.taxon	description	Fig. 13	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDCFFFD5549FDCB832A4EFB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (after Tanabe 1994) The species differs from congeners mainly by the straight gonopod telopodite apex (vs hooked in other congeners) with elongated, acute lateral angle (= SL) (vs different in other congeners) as well as the smooth central margin of the telopodite apex (vs with outgrowths and spinules in L. circularis, L. thaumasius, L. nakhodka sp. nov., L. distinctus, L. malewitschi).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDCFFFD5549FDCB832A4EFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution Japan: central part of Hokkaido.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDCFFFD5549FDCB832A4EFB.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was originally described by Takakuwa (1941) from Hokkaido Island with several collection points (Sapporo, Rumoi, Mt. Daisetu). Unfortunately he did not denote the precise type locality. Nevertheless Levizonus montanus appears to be spread in central part of Hokkaido (see Tanabe 1994).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDDFFFF550BFC6484094AB3.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 92 C 7403 - 59 C 4 - 4 AAC-A 645 - 81075397 DCE 6 Figs 7 – 9, 13	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDDFFFF550BFC6484094AB3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The species differs from congeners mainly by the configuration of the gonopod telopodite with subapical large K laterally (Fig. 8 A) (vs without the outgrowth in other congeners excluding L. thaumasius and L. circularis; small not knee-shaped in both), with central apical arcuate P carrying numerous, small outgrowths (Fig. 8 B) (vs without protrusion and outgrowths in L. montanus, L. takakuwai, L. malewitschi, L. laqueatus, L. distinctus). The species seems to be particularly similar to L. thaumasius but differs in a telopodite apex strongly curved caudad and as a result a large well-developed lateral subapical K (Fig. 8 C) (vs low, not kneeshaped outgrowth (K 1) in L. thaumasius, Fig. 10 D), as well as the narrower apex of telopodite, permanent presence of a central P on telopodite apex and by a stick-like SL (Fig. 8 B – D).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDDFFFF550BFC6484094AB3.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet refers to the type locality, a noun in apposition.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDDFFFF550BFC6484094AB3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype RUSSIA • ♂; Primorskiy krai, environs of Nakhodka City; 1 – 3 Aug. 2015; S. A. Shabalin leg.; Quercus forest with fern; FSCB 12020. Paratypes RUSSIA • 2 ♂♂, 1 fragment; same locality as for holotype; 30 Jul. – 1 Aug. 2015; S. A. Shabalin leg.; FSCB 22020 • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for holotype but Quercus forest with Lespedeza; 30 Jul. – 1 Aug. 2015; S. A. Shabalin leg.; FSCB 32020 • 3 ♂♂; same locality as for holotype; 1 – 3 Aug. 2015; S. A. Shabalin leg.; FSCB 42020 • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for holotype but Quercus forest with Lespedeza; 1 – 3 Aug. 2015; S. A. Shabalin leg.; FSCB 52020 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype but 42 ° 50´27.9 ˝ N, 132 ° 47´30.5 ˝ E; 19 – 22 Aug. 2015, S. A. Shabalin and E. Poletkov leg.; FSCB 142020 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype but 42 ° 53´13.5 ˝ N, 132 ° 43´04.8 ˝ E; Sep. 2015; Maslovsky leg.; ZMUM • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype but 42 ° 53´13.5 ˝ N, 132 ° 43´04.8 ˝ E; Sep. 2015; Maslovsky leg.; FSCB 62020 • 1 ♂; same locality as for holotype; 7 Sep. 2015; Maslovsky leg.; FSCB 72020 • 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype but 42 ° 53´22.0 ˝ N, 132 ° 49´37.2 ˝ E; 9 – 12 Sep. 2015, S. A. Shabalin and S. Yu. Storozhenko leg.; FSCB 82020 • 1 ♂; same locality as for holotype but 42 ° 53´05.4 ˝ N, 132 ° 48´47.5 ˝ E; 9 – 12 Sep. 2015, S. A. Shabalin and S. Yu. Storozhenko leg.; Ulmus, Fraxinus, Alnus; FSCB 92020 • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype but Ulmus, Fraxinus; 11 – 14 Sep. 2015; S. A. Shabalin and S. Yu. Storozhenko leg.; FSCB 102020 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for holotype but 42 ° 53´11.6 ˝ N, 132 ° 48´03.6 ˝ E; 11 – 14 Sep. 2015; S. A. Shabalin and S. Yu. Storozhenko leg.; Quercus forest with Lespedeza; FSCB 112020 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 fragment; same locality as for holotype but 42 ° 53´22.0 ˝ N, 132 ° 49´32.7 ˝ E; 12 – 15 Sep. 2015; S. A. Shabalin and S. Yu. Storozhenko leg.; FSCB 122020 • 1 ♂; same locality as for holotype but 42 ° 53´07.6 ˝ N, 132 ° 48´46.3 ˝ E; 12 – 15 Sep. 2015; S. A. Shabalin and S. Yu. Storozhenko leg.; Quercus dentata forest; FSCB 132020.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDDFFFF550BFC6484094AB3.taxon	description	Description Male SIZE. Body 25 – 27 mm long, 4.0 – 4.3 mm wide. COLOUR. Shining whitish in alcohol, tergites often beige. HEAD. Epicranial suture not quite reaching the level of antennal sockets. Lateral excavation of head relatively deep for accommodation of antennae. Antennae rather slender, in situ reaching to the front edge of ring 4. BODY. Metaterga without bosses. Paraterga rounded laterally. Starting from ring 12 – 13, they have rounded, though never clear-cut, caudal corners. TELSON. Caudal dorsal projection with relatively long sparse setae, blunt apically, often apex with tiny excavation. LEGS. Each coxa of hind legs distoventrally with a small conical outgrowth. Coxa of leg 2 with a large setigerous process curved forward and terminating a vas deferens. GONOPODS. Distal part of coxite with three strong setae mesally (one) and laterally (two) (Fig. 9 A). Telopodite laterally with longitudinal striae along almost its entire length (Fig. 8 A). Telopodite apex relatively sharply curved mesad, as result distal part of the telopodite laterally carrying a large subapical K (Figs 8 A, 8 C, 9 B). Apical part of telopodite with an external stick-like process (= SL) curved mesad as well as always with central P carrying numerous, small outgrowths (Figs 8 B – C, 9 B). Inner edge of telopodite apex with several small outgrowths. Female SIZE. Body 25 – 27 mm long, 4.0 – 4.7 mm wide. Body often stouter than in male. LEG 2. Coxa 2 with a small, pointed, setigerous process. VULVAE. As in Fig. 8 E.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFDDFFFF550BFC6484094AB3.taxon	distribution	Distribution Russia, Far East, Primorskiy krai.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFC1FFE15552FEAB87D64875.taxon	description	Fig. 13	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFC1FFE15552FEAB87D64875.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (after Tanabe 1994) The species differs from all congeners mainly by the shorter gonopod telopodite carrying a longitudinal blade and by a trifurcate apex of telopodite.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFC1FFE15552FEAB87D64875.taxon	distribution	Distribution Japan: western part of Hokkaido.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFC1FFE15552FEAB87D64875.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was originally described from Hokkaido Island as Profontaria takakuwai (see Verhoeff 1941). The genus Profontaria was later shown to be a senior synonym of originally a Hokkaido genus Ezodesmus (Hoffman 1956). Miyosi (1959) synonymized the type species Ezodesmus lunatus with Profontaria takakuwai. Finally Tanabe (1994) proposed Profontaria to be a junior synonym of Levizonus, with the new combination Levizonus takakuwai. This species appears to be distributed in the western part of Hokkaido (see Tanabe 1994).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFC1FFE35527FAE682FF4918.taxon	description	Figs 10 – 13	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFC1FFE35527FAE682FF4918.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The species differs from congeners mainly by the configuration of the central edge of the gonopod telopodite apex, which is smooth (rarely) or with one to numerous small outgrowths (Figs 10 B, 11 B – several outgrowths) (vs without outgrowths in L. laqueatus, L. montanus, L. takakuwai), the gonopod telopodite with a low subapical not knee-shaped outgrowth (K 1) (Fig. 10 D) (vs without the outgrowth in other congeners excluding L. nakhodka sp. nov. and L. circularis; with K in L. nakhodka sp. nov.; not knee-shaped in L. circularis) and with a curved SL (Fig. 10 B) positioned laterally (vs straight in other congeners excluding L. circularis; positioned mesad in L. circularis).	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFC1FFE35527FAE682FF4918.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined RUSSIA • 1 ♂; Primorskiy krai, Shkotovskiy District, near Anisimovka, Litovka Mountain; 22 Sep. 2007; A. Rodionov leg.; mixed forest; FSCB 12007 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Primorskiy krai, Ussuriyskiy District, environs of village Utesnoe; 7 Oct. 2016; E. V. Mikhaljova and A. I. Konyukhov leg.; broadleaved forest, litter; FSCB 12016.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFC1FFE35527FAE682FF4918.taxon	distribution	Distribution Russia: Far East, Primorskiy krai.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
03FFA868FFC1FFE35527FAE682FF4918.taxon	discussion	Remarks Originally described from the environs of Vladivostok, Primorskiy krai, Russia (Attems, 1898), this species is common and abundant in the western and central parts of the Primorskiy krai (Mikhaljova 2017). The dorsum is often distinctively patterned (Fig. 12 A – B). Its abundance ranges from 24 to 86.5 ind. / m 2 in montane forests (the maximum abundance recorded is 172.5 ind. / m 2), but this species is not numerous (4 ind. / m 2) in floodplain forests (Mikhaljova 1988). Vulva as in Fig. 10 E.	en	Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2021): Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751: 159-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1387
