identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BC45DC5BFF96FFA7FF658B934B10B9FF.text	BC45DC5BFF96FFA7FF658B934B10B9FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisotremus perezponcedeleoni Acevedo-Alvarez, Ruiz-Campos & Dominguez-Dominguez 2021	<div><p>Anisotremus perezponcedeleoni Acevedo-Álvarez, Ruiz-Campos &amp; Domínguez-Domínguez, sp. n.</p> <p>(Figure 7a)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 57DF3F77-5A6B-436A-88B2-C61E8D6CA260</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. CPUM-9858, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75763&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.367231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75763/lat 18.367231)">Tissue</a> number-34922, 30.41 cm SL. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75763&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.367231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75763/lat 18.367231)">Las Pirámides</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75763&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.367231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75763/lat 18.367231)">Isla Clarión</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75763&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.367231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75763/lat 18.367231)">Archipiélago de Revillagigedo</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75763&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.367231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75763/lat 18.367231)">Manzanillo</a>, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°22´2.03”N, longitude 114°45´27.46”W. 25 July 2015. Col. Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez. Paratypes: CPUM-9845, 11194, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Bahía del Muelle</a>, Isla Clarión, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Archipiélago de Revillagigedo</a>, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20´40.44”N, longitude 114°43´54.25”W. Col. Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez, 2 specimens. CNPE-IBUNAM 23793 <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Bahía del Muelle</a>, Isla Clarión, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Archipiélago de Revillagigedo</a>, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20´40.44”N, longitude 114°43´54.25”W. Col. Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez, 1 specimen. CPUM-12696, 13086, Playa Blanca, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Isla Socorro Archipiélago de Revillagigedo</a>, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°48´51.76”N, longitude 114°2´25.89”W. Col. Carlos Leví Pérez-Hernández, Francisco Martínez-Servín, David Tafolla-Venegas and Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez, 2 specimens. CNPE-IBUNAM23794, Playa Blanca, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Isla Socorro Archipiélago de Revillagigedo</a>, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°48´51.76”N, longitude 114°2´25.89”W. Col. Carlos Leví Pérez-Hernández, Francisco Martínez-Servín, David Tafolla-Venegas and Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez, 1 specimen. CPUM-12697 Cabo Paerce, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Isla Socorro Archipiélago de Revillagigedo</a>, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°46’36.49”N, longitude 110°54’24.72”W. Col. Carlos Leví Pérez-Hernández, Francisco Martínez-Servín, Rosa Gabriela Beltrán-López, David Tafolla-Venegas, Ana Berenice García-Andrade, Moisés Emanuel Bernal-Hernández, 2 specimens. CPUM-13044, La Pared, Isla Clarión, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Archipiélago de Revillagigedo</a>, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20’52.49”N, longitude 114°42’10.2”W. Col. Omar Valencia-Méndez and Salvador Romero-Gallardo, 3 specimens. CPUM-13045, in front of the harbor of Isla Clarión, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Archipiélago de Revillagigedo</a>, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20’37.28”N, longitude 114°43’50.11”W. Col. Omar Valencia-Méndez, David Tafolla-Venegas, Yareli López-Arroyo and Salvador Romero-Gallardo, 1 specimen. CPUM-13048, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Barbas de Ben Laden</a>, Isla Clarión, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Archipiélago de Revillagigedo</a>, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20’23.61”N, 114°45’16.43”W longitude. Col. Omar Valencia-Méndez, David Tafolla-Venegas, Yareli López-Arroyo and Salvador Romero-Gallardo, 1 specimen. CNPE-IBUNAM23795, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.75456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.339891" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.75456/lat 18.339891)">Barbas de Ben Laden</a>, Isla Clarión, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20’23.61”N, 114°45’16.43”W longitude. Col. Omar Valencia-Méndez, David Tafolla-Venegas, Yareli López-Arroyo and Salvador Romero-Gallardo, 1 specimen. Additionally for comparative purposes, we analyzed 13 specimens of Anisotremus surinamensis, the sister species of A. interruptus distributed in the western Atlantic Ocean.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Anisotremus perezponcedeleoni differs from the rest of the species complex of A. interruptus from Pacific Ocean as well as its sister species A. surinamensis from Atlantic Ocean, by the following combination of meristic characters (expressed by their mode followed in parentheses by their range): 8 (7-10) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin to the lateral line vs 7 (6-8) in A. interruptus and 7 (7-9) in A. surinamensis; 24 (22-27) scales around the caudal peduncle vs 22 (21-25) in A. interruptus and 27 (23-28) in A. espinozai; 21 (19-23) upper scales of caudal peduncle vs 17 (15-20) in A. interruptus and 17 (16-20) in A. surinamensis; 20 (18-24) scales between the upper origin of the opercula vs 17 (15-20) in A. interruptus and 19 (18-20) in A. surinamensis; 10 (9-12) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin at the beginning of the head vs 9 (9-10) in A. interruptus; 27 (22-29) scales from the origin of the anal fin to the origin of the dorsal fin vs 23 (21-25) in A. interruptus and 26 (24-28) in A. surinamensis and 25 (22-26) scales from the origin of the dorsal rays to the anal fin vs 22 (20-23) in A. interruptus, 22 (20-25) in A. surinamensis and 27 (21-26) in A. sp2 (Table 2).</p> <p>Morphometric characters of A. perezponcedeleoni presented as a ratio to the SL (expressed by their average value followed in parentheses by their range): distance from the anterior insertion of the dorsal fin to the anterior insertion of the ventral fin 2.32 (2.19-2.48) vs 2.27 (2.22-2.40) in A. espinozai and 2.20 (2.0-2.34) in A. interruptus; distance from the origin of the anal fin to the origin of the dorsal fin 1.75 (1.64-1.81) vs 1.64 (1.54-1.71) in A. interruptus; dorsal fin length 1.72 (1.64-1.80) vs 1.75 (1.61-1.84) in A. espinozai and 1.65 (1.56-1.70) in A. interruptus; distance from the anterior insertion of the anal fin to the insertion of the pelvic fin 3.06 (2.85-3.31) vs 3.18 (2.91- 3.62) in A. espinozai and 2.92 (2.77-3.21) in A. interruptus; preanal distance 1.38 (1.33-1.44) vs 1.39 (1.32-1.44) in A. espinozai and 1.35 (1.30-1.39) in A. interruptus; predorsal distance 2.30 (2.24-2.53) vs 2.19 (2.07-2.35) in A. espinozai and 2.23 (2.04-2.36) in A. interruptus and length from the origin to the end of the dorsal rays 4.22 (4.01- 4.65) vs 4.37 (4.08-4.92) in A. espinozai and 3.92 (3.72-4.24) in A. interruptus.</p> <p>The dorsal fin of A. perezponcedeleoni is supported by 26 pterygiophores inserted in 18 neural spines that start in vertebra number two vs 26 pterygiophores inserted in 17 neural spines in A. espinozai and 28 pterygiophores inserted in 18 neural spines in A. interruptus; the anal fin is supported by 11 pterygiophores inserted in 9 hemal spines vs 11 pterygiophores inserted in eight hemal spines in A. espinozai.</p> <p>Description. The new species, A. perezponcedeleoni possesses 17 to 18 (mode= 17) dorsal rays; 9 to 11 (mode= 10) anal rays, and 17 to 19 (mode= 18) pectoral rays; 18 to 19 (mode= 19) caudal rays; seven to 10 (mode= 8) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin to the lateral line; 53 to 55 (mode= 54) scales on the lateral line; 22 to 27 (mode= 24) scales around the caudal peduncle; 18 to 24 (mode= 20) scales between the upper origin of the opercula; 10 to 12 (mode= 12) scales between the pectoral to pelvic fins; 22 to 29 (mode= 27) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin to the origin the anal fin; 9 to 12 (mode= 10) predorsal scales; 17 to 23 (mode= 21) caudal peduncle upper scales; and 22 to 26 (mode= 25) scales from the origin of dorsal fin from to the anal fin.</p> <p>Anisotremus perezponcedeleoni has a high and laterally compressed body, its maximum depth is 2.32 times the SL and its minimum depth is 8.43 times the SL. Head high and robust, its length is 3.53 times in the SL, eye diameter 3.17 times in the head length, thick and fleshy lips, finely serrated pre-operculum, tip of the long pectoral fin reaching the origin of the anal fin. Forked caudal fin, slightly large scales, present in all the body and head except chin, snout and lips (Table. 2). Twenty-five vertebrae (10 precaudal plus 15 caudal), the caudal region supports 19 branched rays with two upper and one lower hypural plates, two upper epural plates and one lower parhypural plate.</p> <p>Pigmentation. Dorsum yellowish with silvery tones near the head and towards the anal region. Edges of the scales slightly yellow. Posterior upper region of the body with soft yellow tonalities, slightly dark head. Pectoral, caudal, dorsal, pelvic and anal fins with a blackish coloration.</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism. Not evident sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>Etymology. The name of the species, an adjective, is derived from the name of the Mexican parasitologist Dr. Gerardo Pérez Ponce de León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, who has strongly contributed to the study and knowledge of the systematics and phylogeny of helminth parasites of fishes in Latin America.</p> <p>Habitat and Distribution: Seems to be endemic to the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Manzanillo, Colima Mexico. Collection of specimens was performed for the Clarion and Socorro Islands, at an average depth of 4 m. All individuals were found in shoals, always associated with rocky reefs.</p> <p>Conservation. As this species seems to be restricted to the islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago, more studies are needed to accurately assess the current conservation status of their populations. The samplings conducted here showed a low occurrence of the species, with few individuals found. The Revillagigedo Archipelago was declared a Natural Protected Area in 1994, a biosphere reserve in 2008, and a UNESCO natural heritage of humanity site and national park in 2017. As such, the commercial extraction of marine fauna is prohibited. Accordingly, this species seems to be protected. However, it is necessary to pay special attention to the conservation of the habitats of shallow rocky reefs close to the coast, as any impact on shallow coastal rocky reefs will harm the populations of this species.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC45DC5BFF96FFA7FF658B934B10B9FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Acevedo-Álvarez, Edgar Adrián;Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio;Domínguez-Domínguez, Omar	Acevedo-Álvarez, Edgar Adrián, Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio, Domínguez-Domínguez, Omar (2021): Population-level morphological variation of Anisotremus interruptus (Gill, 1862) (Perciformes: Haemulidae) in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4975 (1): 141-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4975.1.5
BC45DC5BFF90FFA5FF658DB44B08BECA.text	BC45DC5BFF90FFA5FF658DB44B08BECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisotremus espinozai Acevedo-Alvarez, Ruiz-Campos & Dominguez-Dominguez 2021	<div><p>Anisotremus espinozai Acevedo-Álvarez, Ruiz-Campos &amp; Domínguez-Domínguez, sp. n.</p> <p>(Figure 7b)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: D88F9151-97B5-44F0-AA96-E0CDDE40521F</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. MECN-DP 4358, tissue number-46746, 28.37 cm LE. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.66509&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.72783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.66509/lat 0.72783333)">Cerro Gallina</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.66509&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.72783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.66509/lat 0.72783333)">Isla Santa Cruz</a>, Galapagos <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.66509&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.72783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.66509/lat 0.72783333)">Archipelago</a>, Ecuador. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 00°43´40.2”N, longitude 90°39´54.32”W. 13 February 2017. Col. Rolando Quetzalcoatl Torres-García, Juan Carlos Quevedo-Machado, and Paola Nallely Palmerín-Serrano. Paratypes: CPUM-13493, same data as holotype, 13 specimens. CPUM-13494, Islote Espejo, Isla Marchena, Galapagos <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.40129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.3128278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.40129/lat 0.3128278)">Archipelago</a>, Ecuador. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 00°18´46.18”N, longitude 90°24´4.64”W. Col. Dahiana Arcila, Adrián Jaramillo-López, Rosa Gabriela Beltrán-López, 3 specimens. CPUM-13496, Poza Lobos, Isla Marchena, Galapagos <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.47732&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31841388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.47732/lat 0.31841388)">Archipelago</a>, Ecuador. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.47732&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31841388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.47732/lat 0.31841388)">Geographic</a> coordinates: Latitude 00°19´6.29”N, longitude 90°28´38.34”W. Col. Dahiana Arcila, Adrián Jaramillo-López, Rosa Gabriela Beltrán-López, 1 specimen. CPUM-13495, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Bahía Darwin</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Isla Genovesa</a>, Galapagos <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Archipelago</a>, Ecuador. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Geographic</a> coordinates: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Latitude</a> 00°18´58.38”N, longitude 89°57´15.71”W. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Col.Yareli López-Arroyo</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Omar Domínguez-Domínguez</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Francisco Martínez-Servín</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Carmen del Rocío Pedraza-Marrón</a>, Eduardo Espinoza, Emanuell Duarte-Ribeiro, 4 specimens. CNPE-IBUNAM23792, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Bahía Darwin</a>, Isla Genovesa, Galapagos <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Archipelago</a>, Ecuador. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Geographic</a> coordinates: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.95436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31621668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.95436/lat 0.31621668)">Latitude</a> 00°18´58.38”N, longitude 89°57´15.71”W. Col. Yareli López-Arroyo, Omar Domínguez-Domínguez, Francisco Martínez-Servín, Carmen del Rocío Pedraza-Marrón, Eduardo Espinoza, Emanuell Duarte-Ribeiro, 3 specimens. CPUM-6073, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.24775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.71224445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.24775/lat 0.71224445)">Punta Pitt</a>, Isla San Cristóbal, Galapagos <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.24775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.71224445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.24775/lat 0.71224445)">Archipelago</a>, Ecuador. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.24775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.71224445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.24775/lat 0.71224445)">Geographic</a> coordinates: Latitude 00°42´44.08”N, longitude 89°14´51.91”W. Col. Salvador Romero-Gallardo, Eloísa Torres-Hernández, Oscar Lasso-Alcalá, Julio César Orantes-Ávalos, 1 Specimen. CPUM-14115, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.036606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.036606/lat 5.5514)">Frente</a> a <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.036606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.036606/lat 5.5514)">Ulloa</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.036606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.036606/lat 5.5514)">Isla del Coco</a>, Costa Rica. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 5°33´5.04”N, longitude 87°2´11.77”W. Col. Yareli López-Arroyo and Francisco Martínez-Servín, 1 specimen. CPUM-14116, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.048416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5611334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.048416/lat 5.5611334)">Manuelita Profundo</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.048416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5611334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.048416/lat 5.5611334)">Isla del Coco</a>, Costa Rica. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 5°33´40.08”N longitude 87°2´54.29”W, Col. Yareli López-Arroyo, Francisco Martínez-Servín, 1 specimen.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Anisotremus espinozai differs from the rest of the species complex of A. interruptus from Pacific Ocean, as well as its sister species A. surinamensis from the Atlantic Ocean by the combination of the following meristic characters (expressed by their mode followed in parentheses by their range): 8 (7-9) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin to the lateral line vs 7 (6-8) in A. interruptus and 7 (7-9) in A. surinamensis; 27 (23-28) scales around the caudal peduncle vs 22 (21-25) in A. interruptus and 24 (22-27) in A. perezponcedeleoni; 21 (19-24) caudal peduncle upper scales vs 17 (15-20) in A. interruptus; 20 (18-24) scales between the upper origin of the opercula vs 17 (15-20) in A. interruptus and 19 (18-20) in A. surinamensis; 10 (9-12) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin at the beginning of the head vs 9 (9-10) in A. interruptus; 27 (24-29) scales from the origin of the anal fin to the origin of the dorsal fin vs 23 (21-25) in A. interruptus and 26 (24-28) in A. surinamensis; and 27 (21-26) scales from the origin of the dorsal rays to the anal fin vs 22 (20-23) in A. interruptus, 22 (20-25) in A. surinamensis and 25 (22-26) in A. perezponcedeleoni (Table 2).</p> <p>Each morphometric characters of A. espinozai is presented as a ratio to the SL (expressed by the average value followed in parentheses by the range): Distance from the anterior insertion of the dorsal fin to the anterior insertion of the ventral fin 2.27 (2.22-2.40) vs 2.32 (2.19-2.48) in A. perezponcedeleoni and 2.20 (2.0-2.34) in A. interruptus; distance from the origin of the anal fin to the origin of the dorsal fin 1.75 (1.68-1.88) vs 1.64 (1.54-1.71) in A. interruptus; dorsal fin length 1.75 (1.61-1.84) vs 1.72 (1.64-1.80) in A. perezponcedeleoni and 1.65 (1.56-1.70) in A. interruptus; distance from the anterior insertion of the anal fin to the insertion of the pelvic fin 3.18 (2.91-3.62) vs 3.06 (2.85-3.31) in A. perezponcedeleoni and 2.92 (2.77-3.21) in A. interruptus; distance from the snout to the origin of the anal fin 1.39 (1.32-1.44) vs 1.38 (1.33-1.44) in A. perezponcedeleoni and 1.35 (1.30-1.39) in A. interruptus; predorsal distance 2.19 (2.07-2.35) vs 2.30 (2.24-2.53) in A. perezponcedeleoni and 2.23 (2.04-2.36) in A. interruptus and length from the origin to the end of the dorsal rays 4.37 (4.08-4.92) vs. 4.22 (4.01-4.65) in A. perezponcedeleoni and 3.92 (3.72-4.24) in A. interruptus.</p> <p>The dorsal fin of A. espinozai is supported by 26 pterygiophores inserted in 17 neural spines, starting in vertebrate two vs 26 pterygiophores inserted in 18 neural spines in A. perezponcedeleoni and 28 pterygiophores inserted in 18 neural spines in A. interruptus; the anal fin is supported by 11 pterygiophores inserted in 8 hemal spines vs 11 pterygiophores inserted in 9 hemal spines in A. perezponcedeleoni.</p> <p>Description. Anisotremus espinozai has 16 to 18 (mode= 17) dorsal rays, 9 to 10 (mode= 10) anal rays, 17 to 19 (mode=18) pectoral rays, and 17 to 19 (mode= 18) caudal rays; number of scales ranges from 7 to 9 (mode= 8) from the dorsal fin origin to the lateral line; 51 to 56 (mode= 54) scales on the lateral line; 23 to 28 (mode= 27) scales around the caudal peduncle; 18 to 24 (mode= 20) scales between the upper origin of the opercula; 10 to 13 (mode= 10) scales between pectoral and pelvic fins; 24 to 29 (mode= 27) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin to the origin of the anal fin; 9 to 12 (mode= 10) predorsal scales; 19 to 24 (mode= 21) caudal peduncle upper scales; 21 to 26 (mode= 24) scales from the origin of the dorsal rays to the anal fin.</p> <p>The body is high and laterally compressed, its maximum depth is 2.74 times within the SL and its minimum depth is 8.42 times in the SL. The head is high and robust, with a slightly pronounced nape, its length is 3.41 times in the SL. Eye diameter 2.95 times in the head length. Lips are thick and fleshy. Serrated pre-operculum. Long pectoral fin tip reaching the origin of the anal fin. Forked caudal fin. Body covered with slightly large scales throughout the body and head except for chin, front of snout and lips (Table 2). Twenty-five vertebrae (10 precaudal plus 15 caudal), the caudal region supporting 19 branched rays with two upper and one lower hypural plates, two upper epural plates and one lower parhypural plate.</p> <p>Pigmentation. The body is uniformly silver. The center of the scales and the caudal peduncle are dark. Pectoral, caudal, dorsal, ventral and anal fins show yellowish coloration.</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism. No evident sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>Etymology. The name of the species, an adjective, is derived from the name of the conservationist and resource manager M.Sc. Eduardo Espinoza, Galapagos National Park Marine Reserve, Ecuador, who strongly contributed to the conservation and knowledge of Galapagos Archipelago fish diversity.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: Endemic to the Galapagos Archipelago and Cocos Island. Collections were made at depths ranging from 4 to 8 m. All individuals were found associated with rocky reefs. Some individuals were observed in underwater caves.</p> <p>Conservation. Individuals of this new species are common in the study locations, forming small and large schoals. This species is not caught commercially in the area. The Galapagos Archipelago and Cocos Island are National Parks and both are under strict protection and management. As such, the species currently appears to be protected.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC45DC5BFF90FFA5FF658DB44B08BECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Acevedo-Álvarez, Edgar Adrián;Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio;Domínguez-Domínguez, Omar	Acevedo-Álvarez, Edgar Adrián, Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio, Domínguez-Domínguez, Omar (2021): Population-level morphological variation of Anisotremus interruptus (Gill, 1862) (Perciformes: Haemulidae) in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4975 (1): 141-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4975.1.5
