identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
90058789FFE2FFD9FF03FBCAFD5BFA43.text	90058789FFE2FFD9FF03FBCAFD5BFA43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Comanthera lanosa L. R. Parra & Giul. 2011	<div><p>Comanthera lanosa L.R.Parra &amp; Giul., sp. nov. (Figs. 1A–L)</p> <p>Comanthera mucugensi subsp. mucugensi affinis sed caulibus lanatis, foliis canaliculatis et margine sparse ciliata, supra glabris et subtus adpresse pubescentibus, margine vaginae sparse ciliata, capitulis minoribus (6–8 × 10–14 non 6–15 × 18–20 mm), floribus masculinis longi-pedicellatis, sepalis et petalis minoribus differt.</p> <p>Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Abaíra, Catolés, Serra da Tromba, on the sides of the Serra do Atalho, “gerais” vegetation (low shrubby savanna), 1350 m, 18 June 1992, Ganev 528 (holotype SPF!, isotypes HUEFS!, K!).</p> <p>Plants 20–43 cm tall. Stem 1.5–3.0 × 1.5–3.0 cm (including the persistent leaf bases), erect or prostrate, branched, densely lanate, hairs filamentous, white, ca. 2 mm long. Leaves 3.0– 7.5 cm × 1.5–2.0 mm, spirally arranged, erect in young plants, later becoming deflexed or reflexed, linear-lanceolate with acute apex, coriaceous, canaliculate, abaxial surface with thickened veins, sparsely adpressed-pilose with malpighiaceous trichomes, later becoming glabrescent, margins sparsely ciliate, adaxial surface glabrous; leaf base expanded, 5–7 mm wide, persisting after abscission of the blade, chartaceous with membranous base, margins sparsely ciliate to glabrescent. Spathes 2–5 cm long, membranous and lacerate at apex, from middle to apex densely adpressed-pilose to glabrescent, with malpighiaceous and, rarely, filamentous trichomes. Scapes (14–) 20–42 cm long, erect, weakly adpressed-pilose, with malpighiaceous trichomes and, rarely, filamentous trichomes, later becoming glabrescent. Capitulum 6–8 × 10–14 mm, campanulate, later becoming hemispherical.</p> <p>Involucral bracts in 5–9 series, the innermost involucral bract series equal to the flowers; bracts of the outer series light brown, elliptic, apex acute to rotund, sparsely pilose on the abaxial surface; bracts progressively changing towards the inner series to cream colour, obovate, apex obtuse to round, and glabrous surface; bracts of the innermost series narrowly spathulate, apex acute. Floral bracts absent. Staminate flowers 3.5–4.0 mm long, including pedicels of 1–1.8 mm; sepals 1.5–2.0 mm long, united up to a third of their length from the base, concave, obovate with apex rotund or elliptic with apex obtuse, hyaline and membranous, base opaquewhitish and thicker; anthophore short; petals 2.0– 2.2 mm long, united up to the middle of their length, elliptic, apex rotund, hyaline and membranous in the upper half, opaque-whitish and thicker in the bottom half; pistillode 0.5–0.6 mm long. Pistillate flowers 3–4 mm long, including pedicels of 0.6–0.8 mm at anthesis, pedicels elongating up to 2 mm in fruit during seed dispersal phase, at the same level or slightly above the internal involucral bracts; sepals ca. 2 mm long, imbricate, concave, elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, hyaline and membranous; petals 2.2–2.5 mm long, hyaline and membranous, upper middle abaxial surface ciliate and pilose, lobes with round apices; styles united ca. 0.2 mm long, stigmatic and nectariferous portions both inserted at apex, stigmatic portion ca. 2 mm long, nectariferous portion ca. 0.5 mm long.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: —So far only known from the “Serra do Atalho”, in the municipalities of Piatã and Abaíra, in the Espinhaço range, Bahia, northeastern Brazil, where it grows in “campo rupestre” vegetation, on sandy soils, between 1350 and 1550 m elevation.</p> <p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the lanate indumentum of the stems.</p> <p>Conservation status: —This species is at present known only from a single mountain situated at the boundary two municipalities in Bahia. The distance between the two areas where the plants were collected is less than 20 km long (area of occupancy &lt;500 km 2). Therefore, the species is here considered as Endangered A3c; B2ab(iii) (IUCN 2001).</p> <p>Comanthera lanosa is morphologically similar to Comanthera mucugensis (Giul.) L.R.Parra &amp; Giul. subsp. mucugensis, also endemic to the rocky outcrops (campos rupestres) of Bahia. Plants of both taxa have linear-lanceolate, coriaceous leaves with thickened veins on the abaxial surface, as well as involucral bracts light-brown, progressively changing towards the inner series to cream-coloured. However Comanthera lanosa can be distinguished by its canaliculate leaves (instead of flat), with margins sparsely ciliate (instead of densely ciliate), adaxial surface glabrous (instead of adpressed-pilose), and sheaths with margins sparsely ciliate (instead of glabrous). Additionally, the species bears smaller capitula, and staminate flowers with longer pedicels and smaller sepals and petals than C. mucugensis.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Bahia: Abaíra, Ascent of the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.833332/lat -13.233334)">Serra do Atalho</a>, trail to the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.833332/lat -13.233334)">Ribeirão de Baixo Piatã</a>, 13º14’S 41º 50’ W, 1550 m, 29 November 1992, Ganev 1593 (HUEFS, K, SPF); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.833332/lat -13.233334)">Piatã</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.833332/lat -13.233334)">Serra do Atalho</a>, near the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.833332/lat -13.233334)">Garimpo da Cravada</a>, 1350 m, 11 June 1992, Ganev 464 (HUEFS, K, SPF). Piatã, Piatã–Inubia road, ca. 25 km NW of Piatã, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.066667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.916668/lat -13.066667)">Serra do Atalho</a>, 13º04’S 41º55’ W, 1450 m, 23 February 1994, Sano et al. CFCR 14457 (SPF).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90058789FFE2FFD9FF03FBCAFD5BFA43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Parra, Lara Regina;Giulietti, Ana Maria	Parra, Lara Regina, Giulietti, Ana Maria (2011): Two new species of Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae) from Bahia, Brazil. Phytotaxa 27: 1-7, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.27.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.27.1.1
90058789FFE0FFDFFF03F9E9FD00F80A.text	90058789FFE0FFDFFF03F9E9FD00F80A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Comanthera retroflexa L. R. Parra & Giul. 2011	<div><p>Comanthera retroflexa L.R.Parra &amp; Giul., sp. nov. (Figs. 2A–O)</p> <p>Species insignis a congeneribus receptaculo capitulorum post anthesin convexo-conico et bracteis involucralibus retroflexis distinguenda, sed ex affinitate C. mucugensis (Giul.) L.R.Parra &amp; Giul. subsp. mucugensis et C. giuliettiae L.R.Parra a speciebus ambabus foliis caniculatis, ciliatis et utrinque pilosis et a C. mucugensi subsp. mucugensi capitulis manifeste minoribus (5–7 × 10–12 non 6–15 × 18 –20 mm) differt.</p> <p>Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Mucugê, side of road near Andaraí, ca. 2 km from the town, 1000 m, 16 December 1984, Giulietti et al. CFCR 7012 (holotype SPF!, isotypes K!, SPF!).</p> <p>Plants 25–35 cm tall. Stem ca. 2 × 1 cm (including the persistent leaf bases), erect, branched or not, branches ca. 2 cm long, sparsely pilose or glabrous. Leaves 3–6 cm × 1.5–2.0 mm, spirally arranged, erect to deflexed, linear with the apex obtuse to rotund, chartaceous, canaliculate becoming plane later, abaxial surface with thickened veins, abaxial and adaxial surfaces densely hirsute, with patent, white, filamentous trichomes, becoming glabrescent, margins sparsely ciliate, cilia formed by adpressed malpighiaceous and few filamentous, patent trichomes; leaf base expanded, 3–4 mm wide, persisting after abscission of the blade, membranous, margins ciliate, abaxial and adaxial surfaces sparsely hirsute, later becoming glabrescent. Spathes 3–4 cm long, entirely membranous, apex lacerate, densely adpressed-pilose with malpighiaceous trichomes and some patent to subadpressed filamentous trichomes, later glabrescent. Scapes 18–32 cm long, erect, densely pubescent, with subadpressed filamentous and rarely also adpressed malpighiaceous trichomes, later becoming glabrescent. Capitulum 5–7 × 10–12 mm, campanulate, radiate or hemispherical, in fruit becoming convex-conical, receptacle densely hairy with filamentous trichomes, these curled at the apex and ca. 1.5 mm long. Involucral bracts in ca. 8 series, surpassing the flowers by ca. 2 mm in young capitulum and reflexed in mature capitulum; bracts of the outer series coloured light brown to cream, ovate, apex acuminate, densely pilose on the abaxial surface; bracts progressively changing towards the inner series to white, elliptic, apex obtuse, and surface glabrous; bracts of the innermost series obovate, apex rotund. Floral bracts absent. Staminate flowers 2.5–3.0 mm long, including pedicels of 0.8–1.0 mm; sepals 1.5–2.0 mm long, united from base up to a third or half of their length, concave, elliptic with apex acute or obovate with apex obtuse, hyaline and membranous, base opaque-whitish and thicker; anthophore present; petals 1.5–2.0 mm long, united up to a third or half of their length, obovate to spathulate, apex obtuse, hyaline and membranous, base opaquewhitish and thicker; pistillode ca. 0.5 mm long. Pistillate flowers 3.0– 3.5 mm long including pedicels of 0.4– 0.5 mm at anthesis, pedicels elongating up to 1,5 mm in fruit during seed dispersal phase; sepals 1.5–2.0 mm long, imbricate, concave, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, hyaline and membranous; petals 2.8–3.0 mm long, hyaline and membranous, ciliate above the middle with abaxial surface pilose, lobes with rotund apices; styles united ca. 0.2 mm long, stigmatic and nectariferous portions both inserted at apex, stigmatic portion ca. 2 mm long, nectariferous portion ca. 0.8 mm long.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: —So far only known from the “campos rupestres” vegetation on sandy soils, in the environs of Mucugê, Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil, especially in the area close to the Rio Cumbuca. Populations are small with few plants, or even isolated individuals.</p> <p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the reflexed involucral bracts when capitula are mature.</p> <p>Conservation status: —This species is presently known only from a small area nearby the Rio Cumbucas in Mucugê Municipality in Bahia. The total area of occupancy is less than 500 km 2. Therefore, the species is here considered as Endangered A3c; B2ab(iii) (IUCN 2001). Recently few plants were plotted in the Mucugê Municipality Park and have been very carefully cared of.</p> <p>Comanthera retroflexa is morphologically similar to Comanthera mucugensis subsp. mucugensis, and C. giuliettiae L.R.Parra (in Parra et al. 2010). All three are endemic to the rocky outcrops (campos rupestres) of Bahia state and grow sympatrically in the Mucugê Municipal Park. The three species possess similarly shaped capitula and involucral bracts. Comanthera retroflexa, however, has unique features, easily recognized in the field: after anthesis, the hemispherical capitula become globose with the involucral bracts reflexing and becoming obscured. Also, the leaves are canaliculate, ciliate, and densely pilose on both surfaces, with patent filamentous trichomes.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Bahia: Mucugê, Mucugê–Andarai road, km 2, 12º59’S 41º 21’ W, 870 m, 26 February 1989, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Cavalcanti</a> et al. 340 (NY, SPF); close to the confluence of the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Mucugê</a> and <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Cumbuca</a> rivers, 12º59’S 41º 21’ W, 970 m, 3 January 1997, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Bautista</a> et al. UMS 78 (HUEFS); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Area of Sustainable Management</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Rio Piabinha</a>, 12º59’S 41º 20’ W, 930 m, 12 January 1997, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Conceição</a> et al. UMS 188 (HUEFS); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Trilha</a> dos rios <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Piabinha</a> e <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.333332/lat -12.983334)">Tibourtino</a>, 12º 59’ S 41º 20’ W, 934 m, 8 August 2007, Harley et al. 55641 (HUEFS).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90058789FFE0FFDFFF03F9E9FD00F80A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Parra, Lara Regina;Giulietti, Ana Maria	Parra, Lara Regina, Giulietti, Ana Maria (2011): Two new species of Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae) from Bahia, Brazil. Phytotaxa 27: 1-7, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.27.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.27.1.1
