taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DBC80ABB62FFE3C6EA0D49FE1DFC84.taxon	materials_examined	Type. The holotype (USNM 19464) is an adult female preserved as skull and skin collected on January 8, 1891 by Erich Wittkügel. Originally, the holotype was registered under two collection numbers (skin USNM 19464 / skull USNM 35382) (Miller 1899; Fisher & Ludwig 2015). Type locality. Chamelecón, Cortés Department, Honduras.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB62FFE3C6EA0D49FE1DFC84.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The cephalic scutes (32 - 48) cover the top of the head and exhibit two types of organization: circular with a large and central scute surrounded by smaller scutes or parallel lines with scutes following the sagittal plane of the cephalic shield. The carapace has 11 - 13 movable bands. The color of the caparace is dark brown to black, with a creamy white stripe around its edges in most of the individuals examined. The color of the venter is pale, but some individuals exhibit a dark spot area in the center, as commonly found in C. unicinctus. The cheek is pinkish and naked or with some small and pale scutes. The ear has a light beige with dark spots or overall dark color; its edge is paler and irregular. The tail has small scales sparsely distributed along its entire length. In most of the examined individuals (61 %) the tail has a pale tip. The species is morphologically similar to C. unicinctus, but has an overall smaller size. The cranial measurements most useful to differentiate the two taxa are the zygomatic width, mastoid width, interorbital width, condylonasal length, mandibular length, and ramus width (see Table 2). Geographic distribution. C. centralis has the most northern distribution of the genus (Figure 8), spanning from Chiapas, Mexico (Cuarón et al. 1989; González-Zamorra et al. 2011; Sánchez-Soto et al. 2020), through Central America into western Andes in Colombia, northwestern Venezuela and Ecuador. Its southernmost record is in the La Esperanza dam, in Manabi province, Ecuador (Diego Tirira, pers. Comm.). Throughout its range, C. centralis inhabits mainly moist broadleaf forests (lowland and montane habitats), but it has also been recorded in dry broadleaf forests in Panama, Magdalena and Sinu Valley regions, in xeric areas of Guajira-Barranquilla, grasslands, coffee agro-ecosystems (Sánchez-Brene & Monges 2019), and pasture and agricultural lands surrounded by forest fragments (McCarthy 1982; Cuarón et al. 1989; Genoways & Timm 2003; González – Zamorra et al. 2011; Soriero et al. 2018). The absence of records in the central eastern coast of Mexico is likely due to the lack of studies.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB62FFE3C6EA0D49FE1DFC84.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The only record of this species from east Andes is dubious and comes from Caicara, Monagas in Venezuela (Wetzel et al. 2008) based on adult male poorly preserved as skin and partially broken skull (USNM 296613). This specimen was originally identified as C. u. unicinctus by Wetzel (1980). We could not undoubtedly identify this individual to species due to its bad preservation, but some measurements (e. g. HB 400 mm) are within the range of C. unicinctus.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB63FFE0C6EA0A0DFEB1FE6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. The holotype was collected at “ 5 - 7 km W of Estancia Juan de Zalazar, Departament Presidente Hayes, Paraguay ” (Wetzel 1980), in an area of thorn forest and mixed grasses in the dry Chaco.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB63FFE0C6EA0A0DFEB1FE6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be easily differentiated from other congeneric taxa by its much smaller ears (Figure 6), limbs and sides of the body hairy, and its overall smaller size (Table 2). The scutes on the cephalic shield (45 - 52) exhibit a concentric organization with a large and central scute surrounded by smaller polygonal scutes (Figure 6). The cheek region is usually naked or with very small scutes. The carapace is brownish with 11 - 13 movable bands and hairy on its edges. The tail is overall naked with only sparse scutes and hairs. C. chacoensis exhibits wide and marked curved zygomatic arcs, its teeth are anteroposteriorly constricted, making them wider than long. The body of the mandible is well curved and the ramus shows a more vertical profile (Figure 4 d). Geographic distribution. Cabassous chacoensis occurs from western Paraguay to central Argentina, comprising mainly the Gran Chaco region. However, given that the species is rarely recorded (Chebez 1994), its range may be larger than it is currently known. For example, some isolated records in Argentina also include the Yungas (Cirignoli et al. 2019) and montane grassland High Monte in La Rioja (Monguillot & Miatello 2010). Wetzel (1980) listed Brazil (“ Mato Grosso ”) as part of the distribution of Cabassous chacoensis, but this was based on a specimen obtained from the Buenos Aires Zoo in 1904. Since then, no additional record has been reported, leading several authors to not include it as part of the Brazilian fauna (Wetzel et al. 2008, Hayssen 2014 b, Brandão et al. 2019; Abreu et al. 2020; Quintela et al. 2020). Nevertheless, C. chacoensis has been registered in Paraguay about 220 km from the Brazilian border. It is therefore an open question whether the species went locally extinct, has gone unnoticed for over a century, or never occurred in Brazil; in this latter case the Paraguay River might represent the barrier between the two countries. On the other hand, the absence of C. chacoensis in Bolivia might reflect the lack of studies on this genus given that the dry Chaco extends northward to the Bolivian east portion (Figure 8). Among all specimens of Cabassous examined in this study, only three were collected in Bolivia.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB63FFE0C6EA0A0DFEB1FE6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Hutterer & Peters (2010) listed an adult female (ZFMK 60.317, field number 448) housed at the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany as a paratype of C. chacoensis. This specimen is represented by a skin and skull and was collected in Filadelfia, Boqueron, Paraguay by J. Unger on 10 December 1958. However, although Wetzel (1980) listed this individual among the material examined, he did not include it as a paratype.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB60FFE1C6EA0B5AFE36FE6C.taxon	description	lor [icatus]. tatouay Desmarest, 1804: 28.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB60FFE1C6EA0B5AFE36FE6C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Loricatus tatouay of Desmarest (1804: 28) was based on the “ Le tatouay ” of Azara (1801: 155). Because no armadillo specimen from Azara’s expedition is known to have survived (Feijó et al. 2018), the species currently lacks a name-bearing type. Type locality. Desmarest (1804) did not mention the type locality but Cabrera (1958) defined as Paraguay, at 27 ° latitude south, which crosses the Ñeembucú, Misiones and Itapúa departments (Wetzel 1980: 349).	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB60FFE1C6EA0B5AFE36FE6C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be easily differentiated from other congeneric taxa by its large size (Table 1). The cephalic scutes (35 - 57) exhibit a concentric organization surrounding a large, central and hexagonal scute (Figure 6). Small scutes are sparsely distributed in the region around the eye and cheek. The carapace varies from yellowish-brown, light brown to blackish, with 12 - 14 movable bands. The tail has sparse small scutes mainly distributed on the dorsal and distal region. In some of the examined individuals (~ 20 %), the tail exhibits a pale tip. The palate is long and the pterygoid extends to the basisphenoid-basioccipital suture, aligned with the squamosal root of the zygomatic (Figure 4 e). Geographic distribution. Cabassous tatouay is distributed from Brazil to Uruguay (Figure 8), including eastern Paraguay (Smith 2009) and northern Argentina, in Misiones and Corrientes (Abba et al. 2012; Varela et al. 2019). In Brazil, the species occurs in northeastern, central and southern portions of the country. In the Brazilian Amazon region, the available records are inconclusive as they are based on two specimens housed at the British Natural History Museum (BMNH) that indicate only “ State of Pará ”. Wetzel (1980, 1985) tentatively assigned them to southern Pará. Until recently, the northernmost limit of C. tatouay was placed at Minas Gerais state (Wetzel et al. 2008; Superina et al. 2013; Hayssen 2014 c; Gonzalez & Abba 2014; Chiarello et al. 2015), but this species was recorded further north in Paraíba, Pernambuco and Ceará states, northeastern Brazil (Feijó & Langguth 2013). On the other hand, the southernmost limit of C. tatouay was once considered Buenos Aires, Argentina (Redford & Eisenberg 1992; Wetzel 1985; Wetzel et al. 2008) based on Moeller (1968). However, no reliable record of the species is known from Buenos Aires (e. g. Abba & Vizcaíno 2008; Varela et al. 2019). Excluding this dubious record, the southern distributional limit lies at Maldonado, Uruguay (Gonzalez & Lanfranco 2012; Queirolo 2016). Although C. tatouay has been recorded in both forested and open biomes, it seems to prefer forested habitats. Even when in open biomes, it was recorded in more humid areas, as in the montane forest of Brejos de altitude in the Caatinga domain (Feijó & Langguth 2013), xeromorphic forest in Cerrado (CMNX 77), and mountain region in Uruguayan savannas (Gonzalez & Lanfranco 2012; Queirolo 2016). Evidence shows that C. tatouay might tolerate secondary habitat, but not degraded or agricultural lands (Aguiar 2004), with only a single record in manioc plantation (AMNH 133314).	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB61FFFEC6EA0B77FADBFE6C.taxon	description	D [asypus]. gymnurus: Wied-Neuwied, 1826: 529. Not Tatus gymnurus Olfers, 1818: 220; name not available from Illiger (1815). X [enurus]. squamicaudis Lund, 1843: lxxxiv (preprint of 1845 a: lxxxiv). Nomen nudum. X [enurus]. squamicaudis Lund, 1845 b: 35 (preprint of 1846: 93, Tab. L., Figs. 3 & 5). Wetzel et al. (2008) listed the type locality as “ Rio das Velhas Floddal ”, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB61FFFEC6EA0B77FADBFE6C.taxon	description	C [abassous]. hispidus: Palmer, 1899: 72. Name combination.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB61FFFEC6EA0B77FADBFE6C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Among the material collected by Lund from Lagoa Santa, Wetzel (1980: 346) selected the specimen ZMUC L- 33 as the lectotype of Xenurus squamicaudis Lund, 1845 b. Type locality. Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Wetzel et al. (2008) further restricted to “ Rio das Velhas Floddal ”, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB61FFFEC6EA0B77FADBFE6C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. C. squamicaudis is easily differentiated from other Cabassous species by its cephalic shield composed of numerous and small scutes (43 - 75) that extends toward the cheek region. The ears are rounded, overall dark with smooth (Figure 7 b) or irregular edges. The carapace is uniformly yellowish brown to brownish, with 12 – 13 movable bands. The lateral of the body and limbs are hairy. The venter is overall dark with some individuals showing whitish spots. Tail has few scutes sparsely distributed and shows a pale tip in few individuals (~ 5 %). The skull shows a marked lateral constriction at the maxilla level. Geographic distribution. Cabassous squamicaudis occurs in Cerrado of San Pedro and Amambay departments, northern Paraguay (Smith et al. 2011), open areas of southern Bolivia (Maffei 2006), and in central Brazil. The specimen examined by Wetzel (1980: 348) from Junin, Peru housed at BMNH [catalog number not informed] could not be located; only two Dasypus skulls are available from Junin (R. P. Miguez, pers. Comm.). The specimens from Bolivia listed by Wetzel (1980: 348) and Anderson (1997: 177) are in fact C. unicinctus. Nevertheless, its presence in the open areas of Bolivia was confirmed by Maffei (2006) based on an individual recorded in Santa Cruz department, in a Chiquitano transitional forest. In Brazil, this species has a wide distribution in Cerrado, with numerous records in Mato Grosso state. It is also commonly reported in Pantanal in Mato Grosso do Sul state (Wetzel 1985; Tomas et al. 2009; Desbiez et al. 2018). Cabassous squamicaudis inhabits open areas such as Cerrado stricto sensus physiognomy and it seems tolerant to disturbed areas of cultivated pastures. This species has been recorded in closer contact with C. unicinctus in transition zones with the Amazonian forest in the states of Mato Grosso (Anacleto et al. 2013).	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB61FFFEC6EA0B77FADBFE6C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Xenurus squamicaudis was described as an extinct species by Lund (1845 b) based on fossil material collected in the caves of Lagoa Santa, but Wetzel treated it as the same small living Cabassous taxon present in Minas Gerais. The karyotype described by Pereira-Júnior et al. (2009) – diploid chromosome number (2 n) = 46 – refers to Cabassous squamicaudis. Interestingly, this chromosome number is distinct to C. centralis (2 n = 62), C. chacoensis (2 n = 48, Luaces et al. 2010) and C. tatouay (2 n = 50). The karyotype of C. unicinctus has not yet been described.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB7EFFFCC6EA0B50FC8EFCE0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Linnaeus described Dasypus unicinctus based on four sources: the sixth edition of the Systema Naturae, Seba (1734: 47, plate 30, figs. 3 & 4), Ray (1693: 235) and Grew (1681: 19, plate 1). All specimens described and illustrated in these references have equal status as syntypes (ICZN 1999: Article 73.2.1). Seba (1734) described and presented two illustrations of his “ Tatu, seu Armodillo, Africanus ” (plate 30, figs. 3 & 4). Thomas (1911: 141) considered the female animal illustrated in fig. 4 as dubious (Figure 9 b). Wetzel (1980) tentatively treated it as C. u. squamicaudis based on the scaly-tailed appearance, while he considered the male animal depicted in fig. 3 as C. u. unicinctus given it displays a completely naked tail (Figure 9 a). Both illustrations nevertheless display the diagnostic traits on the cephalic shield (lack of scutes below eyes and cheek) of C. unicinctus that set them apart from C. squamicaudis. On the other hand, the animal described and illustrated by Grew (1681: 19, plate 1) refers to an armadillo with the tail completely covered by scutes, which closely resembles a six-banded armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus. The Linnaeus’ concept of D. unicinctus was therefore composite. To preserve the unambiguous current use of the name, we select the specimen illustrated in the figure 3 of the plate 30 of Seba (1734) as the lectotype of Dasypus unicinctus Linnaeus, 1758 (Figure 9 a). The illustration depicts an animal with five digits in the manus and feet, 13 movable bands, scutes on the cephalic shield limited to the top of the head, absent below eyes and cheek, and a naked-tailed. All other specimens referred to by Linnaeus should be treated as paralectotypes. Type locality. The collecting locality of the lectotype is unknown. Seba considered it to be an African armadillo, a clear lapse. Thomas (1911) suggested Suriname as the type locality for most of Seba’s South American animals, given it was the main source of the Dutch collection. Therefore, we suggest “ Suriname ” as the type locality for C. unicinctus.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB7EFFFCC6EA0B50FC8EFCE0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. C. unicinctus is the second largest species in the genus. The scutes on the cephalic shield (32 - 48) are restricted to the top of the head, leaving the snout, cheek and region below eyes exposed (Figure 7). The cephalic scutes usually show a concentric organization, surrounding a larger central scute; but few specimens exhibit the scutes organized in parallel lines along the sagittal plane, as also found in C. centralis individuals. The skin of the face is smooth and pinkish. The color of the carapace is dark brownish to blackish, with most of the individuals showing a pale stripe in the edges (Figure 7). The number of movable bands varies from 12 - 13. The ears are large, dark with smooth or irregular edges. The venter is pale with some individuals showing a conspicuous dark spot in the central area (Figure 7). Tail with small scutes sparsely distributed mainly in the dorsal face. In some specimens (31 %) the tail exhibits a whitish tip. Geographic distribution. C. unicinctus occurs in the Amazon forest eastern of Andes, extending from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador to Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas and Brazil. Its eastern limit coincides with the Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco biomes in Brazil and Bolivia. This species possibly occurs in the Babaçu forest at the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes in the northern portion of the Maranhão state (Figure 8). The few records in open areas seem to be related to forested patches or riparian forests. For example, C. unicinctus has been recorded in the savanna llanos of Venezuela and in Brazilian Cerrado (Figure 1), but in all cases they were found in transitional areas between forest-open biomes or in forest corridors along rivers (Anacleto et al. 2013). It is also possible that C. unicinctus eventually explore adjacent open areas during foraging activities or when the land floods.	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
03DBC80ABB7EFFFCC6EA0B50FC8EFCE0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cabassous unicinctus is sometimes misidentified as immature Priodontes maximus because of its large claws and whitish stripe in the lateral of the carapace. The two species can be easily differentiated by the tail fully covered by conspicuous osteoderms in P. maximus. The eastern limit of C. unicinctus unicinctus [here treated as a monotypic species] was defined as the Amazonas-Solimoes rivers by Wetzel (1980), followed by Anderson (1997), Wetzel et al. (2008) and Hayssen (2014 a). However, the individuals from eastern Amazon (Pará, Brazil; Beni, Bolivia) identified as C. u. squamicaudis by Wetzel (1980) proved to be C. unicinctus (see Appendix I).	en	Feijó, Anderson, Anacleto, Teresa Cristina (2021): Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845). Zootaxa 4974 (1): 47-78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2
