identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D604CA913CE5579EB7189EF4F8DCBC51.text	D604CA913CE5579EB7189EF4F8DCBC51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaimowiczia Cardoso 1 & Bastos-Pereira 1 & Souza 2 & Ferreira 1 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Chaimowiczia gen. nov.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Chaimowiczia tatus sp. nov. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Body non-volvational. Cephalon with antennal lobes, distinct suprantennal line bent in middle, vertex with lateral grooves. Body outline continuous with pereonites epimera well developed, widely separated, pleonites 1 and 2 bridge the gap between pereon and pleon, pleonites 3-5 with epimera well developed. Telson with subtriangular distal half depressed with rounded apex. Antennula of three articles covered with setae, distal article with two apical aesthetascs. Antenna with flagellum of three distinct articles covered with setae. Mandibles pars molaris large and projected. Maxillula outer ramus with entire teeth and two long and thick setose stalks; inner ramus with three penicils at apex. Maxilla inner lobe wider than outer lobe. Maxilliped basis trapezoidal; endite bearing one penicil between two strong teeth. Pereopods with unbranched dactylar setae. Genital papilla lanceolate. Male pleopod 1 exopod and endopod subequal in length, endopod two-jointed, with flagelliform distal article. Male pleopod 2 endopod with two thickset articles, distal one tapering apically.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The genus is named after Dr Flavio Chaimowicz, a physician who provided important contributions for the Brazilian speleology. Gender feminine.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The diagnosis of  Styloniscinae ,  Notoniscinae and  Kuscheloniscinae has been presented in old publications that unfortunately include few characters of their members (Vandel 1952; Strouhal 1961). Meanwhile, more details have been provided for  Iuiuniscinae (Souza et al. 2015). According to Vandel (1952: 95),  Styloniscinae exhibit i. body smooth or tuberculated, without longitudinal ribs, and ii. pleon-epimera 1-5 narrow, with a gap between the pereon and pleon. For  Notoniscinae , Vandel (1952: 95-96) noted i. pereonites dorsum tuberculated or with longitudinal ribs (sometimes with conspicuous protuberances also on the pleonites); ii. pleon-epimera 3-5 or 4-5 well developed, reducing the gap between the pereon and pleon; iii. genital tract of styloniscid type; iv. eyes with 3 ommatidia. For  Kuscheloniscinae Strouhal (1961: 217) indicated the following: i. outline of pleon continuous with that of pereon; ii. pleon-epimera 3-5 very reduced; iii. anterior pereonites with protuberances and lateral ribs. Finally,  Iuiuniscinae are characterized by i. dorsal integument smooth or without ribs or large protrusions; ii. enlarged epimera; iii. pereopod 1 much shorter than the others flanking the head; iv. pleon-epimera forming acute tips; v. telson distal half lower than the proximal half, and vi. habit to build mud shelters to molt and to protect juveniles (Souza et al. 2015).  Chaimowiczia gen. nov. can be promptly distinguished from all the already described  Styloniscidae by the pronounced rectangular-shaped lateral projections of pereonites, which is not observed in other members of this family. Moreover, tubercles are absent and the body outline is continuous without a gap between pereon and pleon. Epimera are developed in pleonites 3 to 5 forming tips, and telson distal half is narrower than the proximal half. Based on these characters,  Chaimowiczia gen. nov. was allocated into the subfamily  Iuiuniscinae . </p>
            <p> Chaimowiczia gen. nov., as well as  Iuiuniscus , occurs in the  São Francisco River Basin and the caves are in the limestone plateaus of the  Bambuí Group (Auler et al. 2001) (Fig. 1). The new genus resembles  Iuiuniscus by the widely separated pereonites 1-7 epimera directed outwards, pleonites 3-5 epimera well developed; mandibles pars molaris large and projected. However,  Chaimowiczia gen. nov. is not able to build mud shelters as  Iuiuniscus. These genera also differ in the number of aesthetascs in antennula distal article (  Iuiuniscus 12  Iuiuniscus versus 2 in  Chaimowiczia gen. nov.), in the number of articles in antennal flagellum (  Iuiuniscus 8  Iuiuniscus versus 3 in  Chaimowiczia gen. nov.), teeth morphology in the maxillula outer ramus (outer group with curved teeth in  Iuiuniscus versus straight in  Chaimowiczia gen. nov.; inner group with two longer teeth in  Iuiuniscus versus subequal in  Chaimowiczia gen. nov.), male pleopod 1 exopod and endopod proportion (exopod longer than endopod in  Chaimowiczia gen. nov.  Iuiuniscus versus the opposite in  Iuiuniscus ), shape of male pleopod 1 exopod, shape of male pleopod 2 exopod (triangular in  Iuiuniscus versus semicircular in  Chaimowiczia gen. nov.), and notably by the morphology of pereon and pleon (with very prominent and very acute tips in pereon and pleon epimera in  Iuiuniscus Iuiuniscus versus not so prominent nor so acute tips in  Chaimowiczia gen. nov.). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D604CA913CE5579EB7189EF4F8DCBC51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cardoso 1, Giovanna Monticelli;Bastos-Pereira 1, Rafaela;Souza 2, Leila Aparecida;Ferreira 1, Rodrigo L.	Cardoso 1, Giovanna Monticelli, Bastos-Pereira 1, Rafaela, Souza 2, Leila Aparecida, Ferreira 1, Rodrigo L. (2021): Chaimowiczia: a new Iuiuniscinae genus from Brazil (Oniscidea, Synocheta, Styloniscidae) with the description of two new troglobitic species. Subterranean Biology 39: 45-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.65305, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.65305
76611E04657452BDB21D5025873B1EEC.text	76611E04657452BDB21D5025873B1EEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaimowiczia tatus Cardoso 1 & Bastos-Pereira 1 & Souza 2 & Ferreira 1 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chaimowiczia tatus sp. nov. Figs 2, 3, 4, 5 </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>  Holotype. • 1 Male;  Bahia , Santana, Gruta do Padre cave, -13.216325°, -44.065194°, 11 July 2014, leg. R. L. Ferreira, ISLA 78105  .  Paratypes. • 1 female, same data as for holotype, ISLA 78106; •  1 male 1 female, same locality as for holotype, 18 July 2019, ISLA 78107. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Chaimowiczia tatus sp. nov. is characterized by pereonite 1 epimera directed sideways; quadrangular antennal lobes; pleonites 3-5 epimera tips well developed, pleonite 5 short, not surpassing the apex of telson; and uropods endopod and exopod subequal in length. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Maximum length: male, 9 mm. Colorless, eyes absent (Figs 2A, 3A, B). Dorsal surface smooth covered with scale setae with short triangular base and long sensory sheathed hair (Fig. 3C). Cephalon (Fig. 3A, B) frons with distinct suprantennal line, downward and truncate in middle, quadrangular antennal lobes. Body convex, pereonites 1-7 epimera quadrangular, widely separated and outwardly extended, pereonites postero-lateral corners progressively directed backward; pleon epimera 3-5 well developed (Fig. 2A). Telson (Fig. 2B) distal half subtriangular depressed with round apex. Antennula (Fig. 2C) with three articles covered with thin setae, distal article longer than second article, with two apical aesthetascs. Antenna (Figs 2D, 3A) surpasses pereonite 1 when extended backward, fifth article of peduncle as long as flagellum; flagellum with three articles. Right mandible (Fig. 2E) with one penicil; left mandibles with two penicils (Fig. 2F). Maxillula (Fig. 2G) outer ramus with 4 + 5 teeth, apically entire, and two thick plumose stalks; inner ramus with three penicils, proximal one stout. Maxilla (Fig. 2H) bilobate, inner lobe wider than outer lobe, with several thin and thick setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 2I) basis trapezoidal, distal portion slightly wider than basal; palp apex with tufts of setae; endite shorter than palp, setose, apex with one conic penicil between two strong teeth, inner tooth long. Pereopod 1 antennal grooming brush composed by pectinate scales longitudinally on frontal face of carpus and propodus (Fig. 4A), dactylus with one claw; pereopod 7 with water conducting scale rows. Uropod (Fig. 2B) protopod surpasses distal margin of telson; endopod and exopod subequal in length, inserted at the same level, covered with pectinate scales.</p>
            <p>Male. Pereopods 1, 6 and 7 (Figs 4A-C) covered with setae; merus sternal margin with proximal tuft of setae. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 4D) protopod trapezoid, apex tapering; exopod covered with setae, triangular with sinuous external margin; endopod as long as exopod, with narrow basal article and flagelliform distal article. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 4E) exopod semi-oval, rounded distal margin, covered with setae; endopod of two articles, basal article quadrangular, shorter than exopod, distal article stout, apex with acute lobe directed outward. Pleopod 3 exopod (Fig. 4F) trapezoid, covered with thin setae on the distal portion and along the inner margin. Pleopod 4 exopod (Fig. 4G) rhomboid, wider than long, covered with thin setae. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 4H) ovoid, wider than long, covered with thin setae.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The epithet "  Chaimowiczia tatus " refers to the "Tatus II project", an experiment of human permanency inside a cave held in 1987, conducted in Gruta do Padre cave. During the experiment, a group of speleologists stayed for 21 days inside the cave performing topographic and speleology surveys (Chaimowicz, 1987). </p>
            <p>Ecological remarks.</p>
            <p> Gruta do Padre comprises an extensive cave with 16,400 m of horizontal projection and is currently considered the fifth longest cave in Brazil (Rubbioli et al. 2019). It presents two entrances and three distinct levels. A river flows in the lowest level, which is the most extensive. The main entrance comprises a huge rock shelter (Fig. 5A) that connects to a descending set of flowstones (Fig. 5A, B). Specimens of  Chaimowiczia tatus sp. nov. were observed in a single chamber in the second level (ca. 500 m from the main cave entrance), in clayish sediment pools (Fig. 5C-E). Two other troglobitic styloniscid species occur in this cave: one terrestrial (  Pectenoniscus santanensis Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira, Souza &amp; Ferreira, 2020a) and one new amphibious species. A peculiar condition is observed regarding the distribution of the two styloniscid species. While one species is amphibious, occurring in both aquatic and moist terrestrial habitats,  C. tatus sp. nov. was observed exclusively underwater. The ponds where  C. tatus sp. nov. occurs are devoid of the amphibious species, suggesting they might avoid each other. There are dozens of ponds along the lower conduit formed by the river overflow or by percolating water (especially in the case of travertine pools), where hundreds of individuals of the amphibious species were observed. However, no specimens of  C. tatus sp. nov. were observed in the lower level coexisting with the other styloniscid. The ponds in which specimens of  C. tatus sp. nov. occur usually present the substrate full of traces made by these individuals (Fig. 5C) indicating their high motility and activity. Since no visible organic matter was observed within the ponds (like bat guano or vegetal debris), they may be feeding on the substrate itself, which might be rich in microorganisms. Gruta do Padre Cave presents other troglobitic species: the beetle  Coarazuphium tessai (Godoy &amp; Vanin, 1990), the amphipod  Spelaeogammarus santanensis Koenemann &amp; Holsinger, 2000, and the millipede  Phaneromerium cavernicolum Golovatch &amp; Wytwer, 2004. All of them were discovered during the Tatus II experiment, demonstrating the relevance of this cave regarding the biota. Although some alterations were caused during the Tatus II experiment (in both the cave interior - a camping area was established inside the cave - and the external area), no impacts from past actions are currently visible. The external environment surrounding the cave was altered by the replacement of the native vegetation by pastures or crops. On the other hand, the inner portion of the cave is well preserved. Since the huge extension of the cave and the fact that only a few speleologists visit it each year (especially due to the difficult access),  C. tatus sp. nov. does not seem to be currently threatened. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/76611E04657452BDB21D5025873B1EEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cardoso 1, Giovanna Monticelli;Bastos-Pereira 1, Rafaela;Souza 2, Leila Aparecida;Ferreira 1, Rodrigo L.	Cardoso 1, Giovanna Monticelli, Bastos-Pereira 1, Rafaela, Souza 2, Leila Aparecida, Ferreira 1, Rodrigo L. (2021): Chaimowiczia: a new Iuiuniscinae genus from Brazil (Oniscidea, Synocheta, Styloniscidae) with the description of two new troglobitic species. Subterranean Biology 39: 45-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.65305, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.65305
90DC45DE4E9F536B9B012C850D253942.text	90DC45DE4E9F536B9B012C850D253942.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaimowiczia uai Cardoso 1 & Bastos-Pereira 1 & Souza 2 & Ferreira 1 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chaimowiczia uai sp. nov. Figs 6, 7, 8, 9 </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>  Holotype. •  Male ,  Minas Gerais ,  Itacarambi , Lapa  d’água do  Zezé cave, -15.006745°, -44.117087°, 15 July 2019, leg. R. L. Ferreira, ISLA 78108  .  Paratypes. • 2 males 1 female, same data as for holotype, ISLA 78109; •  2 male 2 females, same locality as for holotype, 12 December 2014, ISLA 78110. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Chaimowiczia uai sp. nov. is characterized by the concave shape of pereonites epimera, with pereonite 1 epimeron directed frontward; round antennal lobes; pleonites 3-5 epimera with tips well developed, pleonite 5 surpassing apex of telson; and uropods endopod longer than exopod. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Maximum length: male, 8 mm. Colorless, eyes absent (Fig. 6A, 7A, B). Dorsal surface smooth covered with scale setae with long base (reaching half the total length) and free sensory hair (Fig. 7C). Cephalon (Fig. 7A, B) vertex with lateral grooves; frons with distinct suprantennal line, downward in middle; round antennal lobes. Body convex; pereonite 1 postero-lateral corners well developed and projected forward, lateral margin concave; pereonite 7 slightly surpassing distal margin of pleonite 2; pleon 3-5 epimera well developed, pleonite 5 surpassing telson apex (Fig. 6A). Telson (Fig. 6B) with distal half subtriangular depressed, rounded apex. Antennula (Fig. 6C) with three articles covered with setae, distal article as long as second article, with two apical aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 6D) surpasses pereonite 1 when extended backwards, fifth article of peduncle shorter than flagellum; flagellum with three articles. Left mandible with two penicils (Fig. 6E); right mandible with one penicil (Fig. 6F). Maxillula (Fig. 6G) outer ramus with 5 + 5 teeth, apically entire, and two thick plumose stalks; inner ramus with three penicils, two of them stout. Maxilla (Fig. 6H) with bilobate apex, inner lobe wider than outer lobe with several setae on distal margin. Maxilliped (Fig. 6I) basis distal portion slightly wider than basal; palp apex with tufts of setae; endite rectangular, shorter than palp, setose, apex with one rounded penicil between two strong teeth, inner tooth longer. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 8C) antennal grooming brush composed by pectinate scales longitudinally on frontal face of propodus and carpus, dactylus with one claw; pereopod 7 basis with water conducting system scale rows. Uropod (Figs 6B, 7F) protopod surpasses distal margin of telson, covered with pectinate scales; endopod longer than exopod, inserted at the same level.</p>
            <p>Male. Pereopods 1, 2 and 7 (Figs 7C, E; 8A, B) covered with setae; merus sternal margin concave with proximal hairy tuft of setae. Genital papilla (Fig. 8C) lanceolate. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 8C) exopod triangular with sinuous outer margin, covered with setae; endopod shorter than exopod, basal article narrow and flagelliform distal article; protopod trapezoidal, rounded apex. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 8D) exopod semicircular, rounded distal margin, covered with setae; endopod of two articles, basal article rectangular, shorter than exopod, distal article slender, directed backward, apex with distal projection. Pleopod 3 exopod (Fig. 8E) trapezoidal, distal margin straight covered with setae. Pleopod 4 exopod (Fig. 8F) rhomboid, wider than long. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 8G) ovoid, wider than long.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The epithet "  Chaimowiczia uai " refers to the word often used by people from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, to express doubt, astonishment or surprise. </p>
            <p>Ecological remarks.</p>
            <p> Lapa  D’Água do  Zezé cave is located at the border of Cavernas do  Peruaçu National Park. Although most of the outcrop where the cave is inserted within the limits of the park, the cave entrance is outside the  park’s limit. The external landscape is composed of a well-preserved deciduous forest on the limestone outcrop and surroundings (Fig. 9A), which is inserted in a transition between two phytogeographic domains, Cerrado (Brazilian savannah) and Caatinga (mesophytic and xeromorphic forests). Lapa  D’Água do  Zezé is a labyrinthine cave with one horizontal entrance (main entrance, Fig. 9C) and at least two vertical openings. The cave presents perennial water bodies with different conditions. The first one comprises the only accessible part of the water table, a narrow passage in the base of a diaclasis (Fig. 9B) close to one of the  cave’s vertical openings (Fig. 9C). The second area comprises a very small drainage, apparently originated by the water table overflow. Some physical and chemical parameters of the water were measured during one visit (January 2015): dissolved oxygen 3.46 mg/L, temperature 25.35 °C, pH 8.45, electrical conductivity 0.565  μS /cm, total dissolved solids 0.359 g/L. This cave also harbors two other stygobitic species and one troglobitic species: the amphipod  Spelaeogammarus uai (Bastos-Pereira &amp; Ferreira, 2017), which is easily observed in the water table (accessible through the small passage) and seldom at the small drainage; the isopod  Xangoniscus santinhoi Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira, Souza &amp; Ferreira, 2020b, which is only observed in the drainage; and the hydrometrid  Spelaeometra gruta Polhemus &amp; Ferreira, 2018. Considering the presence of the amphipod on the drainage, it is possible to infer that both water bodies are connected. Each species seems to present specific preferences. Only a few amphipods were observed in the drainage during several visits to the cave. They seem to avoid this area due to the water flow. Interestingly, specimens of  C. uai sp. nov. were only found in the water table, sharing the habitat with amphipods, while no specimens were observed in the drainage (Fig. 9D, E). As mentioned for  C. tatus sp. nov.,  C. uai sp. nov. seems to avoid other styloniscid isopods, which are quite abundant along the drainage and very rare at the water table. This apparent avoidance may have resulted from competition between species, and this certainly deserves further investigation. Organic debris is seasonally transported to the water table (during the rainy periods) due to the proximity to the vertical entrance. Accordingly, the observed organic matter is mainly composed of vegetal debris. </p>
            <p>Local farmers have installed a gravitational pump inside the cave in order to drag water from the cave for consumption and irrigation (Fig. 9C) (Bastos-Pereira and Ferreira 2017). Hence, the drainage was partially altered and is disturbed by farmers, who periodically remove the sediment to allow water flow. Such intervention occurs with low frequency (once in a year, according to the farmer), and only in a few parts of the drainage. It does not seem to affect the cave communities, especially considering that a great part of the populations may be in inaccessible areas of the cave. Lastly, although the vegetation seems well preserved in the surroundings of the cave entrance, the original forests were severely altered in many areas around the outcrops and the landscape is mainly composed of pastures and crops.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/90DC45DE4E9F536B9B012C850D253942	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cardoso 1, Giovanna Monticelli;Bastos-Pereira 1, Rafaela;Souza 2, Leila Aparecida;Ferreira 1, Rodrigo L.	Cardoso 1, Giovanna Monticelli, Bastos-Pereira 1, Rafaela, Souza 2, Leila Aparecida, Ferreira 1, Rodrigo L. (2021): Chaimowiczia: a new Iuiuniscinae genus from Brazil (Oniscidea, Synocheta, Styloniscidae) with the description of two new troglobitic species. Subterranean Biology 39: 45-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.65305, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.65305
