taxonID	type	description	language	source
5C10D061FFE6337427F2FE38FC5BA63B.taxon	description	Small moths with a red forewing coloration and blackish pattern expressed as suffusion along the veins or a broad patch. Hindwing is blackish. The main characteristic feature of the species-group, besides the external appearance, is the distal lobe of the valva bearing a sclerotized triangular distal process. In addition, the male genital capsule is characterized by the absence of a distal costal process and the presence of a well-developed distal saccular process. The aedeagus vesica bears clusters of numerous robust spines. The female genitalia are characterized by the presence of a funnel-like antrum consisting of a rugose medial concave part and elongate and apically rounded lateral lobes; the corpus bursae densely covered with numerous robust spines, which are larger in the medial and posterior sections; and the small, conical and membranous appendix bursae.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE6337727F2FCE9FC6EA7AB.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 3, 9, 10, 14)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE6337727F2FCE9FC6EA7AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Figs 1, 9): male, “ China, Sichuan, Daxue Shan Mts., 80 km W Mianning, 28 ° 34 ’ N 102 ° 00 ’ E, 2750 m, 7 – 8. VII. 1999, leg. Sin [y] aev & Plutenko ”, slide ZSM Arct. 2019 - 752 Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Paratypes: 31 males, the same data as in the holotype, slide ZSM Arct. 79 / 2017 Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 female, China, N Yunnan, W coast of Lugu Lake, 2800 m, 30 – 31. VII. 2005, leg. S. Murzin, slide ZSM Arct. 2020 - 203 Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE6337727F2FCE9FC6EA7AB.taxon	discussion	Remark. The single known female collected on Lugu Lake ca. 160 km southwest of the type locality is conspicuously smaller than males, but has the coloration and pattern identical to those of males. Taking into account the fact that no other similar but smaller species are known, here we consider this specimen as the female of M. xihe sp. n.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE6337727F2FCE9FC6EA7AB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Externally, the new species differs clearly from all known congeners and is most reminiscent of members of the subgenus Coccinigripennis Volynkin & Huang, 2019 of the genus Ovipennis Hampson, 1900 (illustrated as Barsine anomala (Elwes, 1890), Barsine fansipana Volynkin & Černý, 2017 and Barsine miloslavae Černý, 2016 species-groups by Volynkin & Černý 2017), but differs from them by its forewing having blackish suffusion on veins but lacking a black longitudinal strip or a broad blackish area. The male genitalia of M. xihe sp. n. differ from those of its closest relative M. dongi sp. n. by the valva being broader medially and basally, the broader distal lobe of the valva, the slightly more robust distal saccular process, and the presence of three clusters of spines in the aedeagus vesica.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE6337727F2FCE9FC6EA7AB.taxon	description	Description. External morphology of adults. Forewing length 11 – 12 mm in males and 9.5 mm in female. Antennae blackish, ciliate in male and filiform in female. Legs blackish brown. Head and thorax pale red. Abdomen dark brown. Forewing pale red, with blackish brown suffusion along veins; costa black at base; cilia pale red. Hindwing dark brown including cilia. Male genitalia. Uncus long, thin, laterally flattened, curved subapically and apically pointed. Tuba analis moderately broad; scaphium thin, weakly sclerotized; subscaphium presented as setose field. Tegumen short, moderately broad and weakly sclerotized. Juxta shield-like with very deep lower triangular concavity and narrow and shallow triangular upper concavity. Vinculum short, broadly U-like. Valva elongated, narrow, its costal margin convex medially. Costa strongly broadened distally, with a narrow medial ventral protrusion fused with valva surface and crowned with a cluster of setae, and lacks a distal process. Distal lobe of valva large, with apical moderately sclerotized triangular process. Sacculus with setose dorsal margin. Distal saccular process narrow but robust, elongate, slightly S-like curved and apically blunt. Aedeagus moderately broad and elongated, its dorsal surface slightly convex distally. Vesica broad, with more or less globular and granulated main chamber; its ventral diverticulum elongated, bears cluster of spines apically; medial diverticulum broad, globular, bears series of various-sized robust spines; distal diverticulum conical, with series consisting of several robust spines basally and several very short spines distally. Distal plate of vesica shortly triangular, moderately sclerotized. Female genitalia. Papillae anales trapezoidal with rounded corners, weakly setose. Apophyses thin and elongated, apophyses posteriores ca. 3 times longer than apophyses anteriores. Ostium bursae moderately broad, with deep round medial concavity. Antrum broad, funnel-like, with rugose margin medially and narrow and apically rounded lateral lobes. Ductus bursae dorso-ventrally flattened, elongated, broad, slightly broadened anteriorly and moderately sclerotized with weakly sclerotized lateral margins. Corpus bursae elliptical, its medial and posterior sections densely covered with numerous robust spinules. Anterior section of corpus bursae weakly spinulose scobinated. Appendix bursae conical, spinulose basally and membranous distally, situated dorso-posteriorly and directed postero-laterally.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE6337727F2FCE9FC6EA7AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from two localities in southwestern China: Daxue Shan Range in western Sichuan, and Lugu Lake in northern Yunnan.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE6337727F2FCE9FC6EA7AB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Xihe is a solar deity in the traditional Chinese mythology.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE5337727F2FD59FCB6A2F3.taxon	description	(Figs 4, 11)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE5337727F2FD59FCB6A2F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Figs 4, 11): male, “ 3. V. 2018, altitude 2100 m, Mt. Dawei, Pingbian Miao Autonomous County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, leg. Si-yao Huang & Tian-tian Yu ” [in Chinese], prep. in glycerol by Huang (Coll. SCAU).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE5337727F2FD59FCB6A2F3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Miltochrista dongi sp. n. differs externally from its closest relative M. xihe sp. n. by its smaller size, the narrower forewing, the blackish abdomen (it is dark brown in M. xihe sp. n.), the crimson forewing ground color (it is pale red in M. xihe sp. n.), the presence of a wide blackish patch in the medial part of the forewing from the base to the subterminal area, and the blackish brown hindwing (it is dark brown in M. xihe sp. n.). The wing pattern of M. dongi sp. n. is also somewhat reminiscent of that of Ovipennis (Coccinigripennis) miloslavae (Černý, 2016) from southern Vietnam, but can be readily distinguished from the latter by its larger blackish patch which extends to the wing base (whereas it is not reaching the wing base in O. (C.) miloslavae) and the findamentally different male genitalia structure. The male genital capsule of M. dongi sp. n. is similar to that of M. xihe sp. n., but differs by the valva narrower medially and basally, the conspicuously narrower distal lobe of valva, and the slightly weaker distal saccular process. The aedeagus of the new species is slightly narrower and less elongated in comparison to the genital capsule of M. xihe sp. n. The vesica of M. dongi sp. n. differs clearly from that of M. xihe sp. n. by its narrower main chamber, the absence of spines on the ventral diverticulum, the smaller distal diverticulum bearing a smaller number of spines, and the markedly larger distal plate.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE5337727F2FD59FCB6A2F3.taxon	description	Description. External morphology of adults. Forewing length 10 mm in holotype male. Male antenna ciliate, blackish. Legs blackish brown. Head and thorax crimson. Abdomen dark brown. Forewing blackish brown, edged with crimson, with blackish suffusion on veins in the subterminal and terminal areas; cilia crimson. Hindwing blackish brown including cilia. Male genitalia. Uncus long, thin, laterally flattened, curved subapically and apically pointed. Tuba analis moderately broad; scaphium thin, weakly sclerotized; subscaphium presented as setose field. Tegumen short, moderately broad and weakly sclerotized. Juxta shield-like with very deep lower triangular concavity. Valva elongated, narrow, its costal margin convex medially. Costa strongly broadened distally, lacks a distal process. Distal lobe of valva large, with apical moderately sclerotized triangular process. Sacculus with weakly setose dorsal margin. Distal saccular process narrow but robust, elongate, slightly S-like curved and apically blunt. Aedeagus elongated, straight. Vesica broad, with more or less globular main chamber; its ventral diverticulum small, heavily granulated; medial diverticulum broad, globular, bears a series of various-sized robust spines; distal diverticulum short, granulated, bears a cluster of several various-sized spines. Distal plate of vesica broadly triangular, moderately sclerotized. Female unknown.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE5337727F2FD59FCB6A2F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from its type locality only, Mount Dawei in Yunnan Province of China.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE5337727F2FD59FCB6A2F3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to Mr. Zhi-wei Dong (Kunming, China), a good friend of the second author who helped him during his trip to Mount Dawei.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE4337627F2FF18FABDA4DB.taxon	description	Small moths with cherry red forewing coloration and blackish pattern expressed as intense suffusion along the veins. The male genitalia are characterized by the valva strongly dilated basally, with a strongly convex costa having a small, weakly dentate basal fold and lacking a distal process; the presence of the small tubercle-like setose process medially (similar to the M. gilva species-group); the elongate and narrow distal lobe, which is well separated from the costa and the sacculus; the bilobate distal saccular process (similar to the M. gilva species-group); and the aedeagus vesica bearing small clusters of spines (unlike the M. gilva species-group having only one robust cornutus). The female genitalia are similar to those of the M. xihe species-group due to the antrum shape, but differ by the presence of a sclerotized area in the posterior section of the corpus bursae and the presence of a signum bursae.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE4337227F2FDC8FBD0A7AB.taxon	description	(Figs 5, 6, 12, 15)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE4337227F2FDC8FBD0A7AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Figs 5, 12): male, “ China / Sichuan, Quingchenghoushan Mts., 70 km NW Chengdu, 1400 m, 15 – 20. VI. 2005, leg. S., V., M. Murzin ”, slide ZSM Arct. 2019 - 749 Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Paratypes: 3 males, 4 females, the same data as in the holotype, slide ZSM Arct. 2019 - 750 (female) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Additional specimen examined: 1 female, 19. VI. 1980, Mt. Qingchengshan, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, leg. Jiu-wei Bai, IOZ (E) 972467 (Coll. IZCAS).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE4337227F2FDC8FBD0A7AB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Miltochrista huashen sp. n. is reminiscent externally of M. xihe sp. n., but can be easily distinguished by its smaller size, the narrower forewing with an oblique anal margin, the cherry red head, thorax and forewing ground color, the intense blackish suffusion on the forewing, and the much darker, blackish hindwing and abdomen. The male genitalia of the new species differ clearly from those of M. xihe sp. n. and M. dongi sp. n. by the evenly curved uncus, the broader valva with a strongly convex costa having a small and weakly dentate basal fold, the weak and smaller distal lobe lacking a sclerotized process, the presence of a very small, tubercle-like setose process on the dorsal protrusion of the costa, the bilobate distal saccular process, and the presence of clusters of strong scobination in the aedeagus vesica. The male genital capsule of M. huashen sp. n. is mostly reminiscent of that of the externally dissimilar Miltochrista gilva Daniel, 1951 (Figs 7, 8, 13) due to its bilobate distal saccular process and the presence of a small tubercle-like medial costal process, but can be easily distinguished by the weaker uncus, the narrower arms of the tegumen, the shorter juxta, the basally broader valva with a much more convex costa having a small and weakly dentate basal fold, the absence of a distal costal process, the much longer distal lobe of the valva, the much larger triangular ventral lobe of the distal saccular process, and the much longer and more robust distal lobe of the distal saccular process. The vesica structure of the new species is dissimilar to that of M. gilva due to the absence of a robust blade-like cornutus, the presence of two clusters of spines in the medial and ventral diverticula, and the fields of robust scobination. Compared to that of M. xihe sp. n. and M. dongi sp. n., the vesica of M. huashen sp. n. can be easily recognized by its fields of robust scobination (in M. xihe sp. n. and M. dongi sp. n. there is a weak granulation only), and the less numerous spines in the medial and ventral diverticula. The female genitalia of M. huashen sp. n. differ from those of M. gilva (Fig. 16) by the narrower papillae anales, the broader apophyses, the absence of an antrum, the anteriorly broader ductus bursae, the more robust spinules in the posterior section of the corpus bursae, and the presence of the signum in the anterior section of the corpus bursae.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE4337227F2FDC8FBD0A7AB.taxon	description	Description. External morphology of adults. Forewing length 10 – 10.5 mm in males and 11 mm in females. Antennae of both sexes ciliate, with longer cilia in males, black. Sexual dimorphism poorly expressed: female has lighter fore- and hindwing coloration and much weaker blackish suffusion on forewing. Head and thorax brown with cherry red suffusion. Abdomen blackish brown. Forewing ground color cherry red, with black suffusion along veins in both sexes and strong black irroration between veins in males. Cilia cherry red with admixture of black scales. Hindwing blackish brown including cilia. Male genitalia. Uncus long, thin, laterally flattened, curved and apically pointed. Tuba analis moderately broad; scaphium thin and weakly sclerotized; subscaphium presented as short setose field. Tegumen moderately long and broad, weakly sclerotized. Juxta trapezoidal. Vinculum short, Ulike. Valva elongated, strongly broadened subbasally; costa strongly convex subbasally, lacks distal process, with small weakly dentate basal fold, and small tubercle-like setose process medially. Distal lobe of valva elongated, distally broadened and round, weak. Sacculus moderately broad, with weakly setose dorsal margin. Distal saccular process large, bilobate, its smaller ventral lobe short, triangular; distal lobe elongate, narrow and apically blunt. Aedeagus elongate, straight. Vesica broad, with fields of granulation and strong scobination; ventral diverticulum sack-like, with cluster of several short spines; medial diverticulum broad, with broad area of strong scobination and bunch of two robust spines apically; distal diverticulum conical, slightly curved, granulated; distal plate of vesica narrowly triangular, heavily sclerotized. Female genitalia. Papillae anales rectangular with rounded corners, weakly setose. Apophyses thin and elongated, apophyses posteriores ca. 2 times longer than apophyses anteriores. Ostium bursae moderately broad. Antrum broad, with strongly folded ventral edge and broad rounded lateral lobes. Ductus bursae dorso-ventrally flattened, elongated, broad, broadened anteriorly and moderately sclerotized with weakly sclerotized lateral margins. Corpus bursae sack-like, its posterior section densely covered with numerous spinules. Anterior section of corpus bursae weakly spinulose scobinated, bearing small rounded weakly dentate signum medio-ventrally. Appendix bursae small, conical and membranous.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE4337227F2FDC8FBD0A7AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The new species is known from Mount Qingchenghoushan and Mount Qingcheng in the Chinese Sichuan Province.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
5C10D061FFE4337227F2FDC8FBD0A7AB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Huāshén is the Flower Goddess in the traditional Chinese mythology.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao (2021): Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4970 (3): 569-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8
