identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DA87C9FFF9936CE0B1FF03FBF9F685.text	03DA87C9FFF9936CE0B1FF03FBF9F685.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aliciella monoensis J. M. Porter	<div><p>Aliciella monoensis J.M.Porter &amp; A.G.Day, sp. nov. (Fig. 1)</p> <p>Planta annua, erecta, glandulifer. Folia basalia et cauline, lineara-oblonga, dentata, pinnatifida, loba ad angulum 90 ad rachis mucronata. Corolla infundibuliformis, tubo 1.5–1.8 × plo calycem, alba liniis violacea. Capsula calyce equiis. Semina 21-36 per capsulam. Chromosomatum numerum n= 8.</p> <p>Type:— J.M. Porter &amp; L.E.Machen 12239, U.S.A., California, Mono County, 4.3 km S of the intersection of California Hwy 120 and U.S. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.10169&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.91672" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.10169/lat 37.91672)">Hwy</a> 395 (S of Lee Vining), and 0.4 km W of 395 on <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.10169&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.91672" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.10169/lat 37.91672)">Oil Plant Road</a>; 37.916722° N, 119.101696° W; ca. 2060 m.; juniper-sagebrush community; 27 May 2000. (holotype: RSA; isotypes: CAS, UC).</p> <p>Annual plants, 4.8–30(–40) cm tall, with a taproot. Stems glandular pubescent with uniseriate viscid trichomes bearing a single terminal cell (frequently with sand grains adhering), erect, openly branching to the base. Basal leaves forming a more or less flattened rosette, 1.0– 7 cm long, 1.5–20.0 mm wide, spatulate, obovate, oblanceolate to lanceolate in outline, dentate to more often pinnate-lobed, the lobes entire or toothed, antrorse to spreading at nearly right angles, rachis usually narrower than the length of the lobes, glandular pubescent on both surfaces, the lobes and apex acute to rounded, cuspidate or mucronate. Cauline leaves pinnatifid to mostly entire, gradually to more commonly abruptly reduced in size, grading into bracts, and glandular puberulent. Inflorescence open, diffusely branching, cymose-panicle, the distal branching sympodial, pedicels of cymes dimorphic, the terminal flower subsessile or on pedicels 2.5–5.5 mm, the lateral flower (if present) on pedicels to 14.0 mm long. Calyx short cylindrical to campanulate, with green costae (lobes) alternating with white-hyaline portion, fused producing the tube, often anthocyanic, 2.0– 3.5 mm long, tube 1.1–2.8 mm long at anthesis, glandular with uniseriate trichomes bearing a uni- or multicellular terminal gland, the free portion of the lobes 0.5–1.2 mm long. Corolla (3–) 4.5–7 mm long, narrowly funnelform, somewhat constricted just above mid-tube, but conspicuously flaring toward the orifice, glabrous externally; tube (2.0–)3.0– 6.2 mm long, lower tube white, the upper tube white, yellowish or bearing 5 pale yellow spots; lobes lance-elliptic to oblanceolate, 1.2–3.0 mm long, 1.5–2.2 mm wide, white to lavender. Stamens equally inserted at the sinuses of the corolla lobes, the free portion 0.5–1.0 mm long, anthers 0.3–0.9 mm long, slightly exserted; pollen white. Nectary an undulate disc at the base of the ovary. Ovary ovoid to oblongoid, glabrous, 1.0–2.0 mm long, style 2.2–4.5 mm, stigmatic lobes 0.3–0.7 mm long, mature capsule 3–5 mm long, ovoid to oblongoid, apex acute, twice as long as the fruiting calyx; locules 3. Seeds 7–12 per locule, 0.6–0.9 mm long, ovoid, roughened, not winged, golden brown to tan, not mucilaginous when wet. 2 n =16 (Day 1993 b).</p> <p>Distribution:— Aliciella monoensis occurs from the region around Mono Lake, Mono County, California, south along Owens Valley, the eastern foothills of the Sierra Nevada and the lower slopes of the White Mountains, to Barstow, San Bernardino County, California, and east to Rhodes Well, Clark County, north nearly to Wendover, Elko County, Nevada. In Mono County, California and Mineral County, Nevada it is relatively abundant, but in other portions of its range, A. monoensis is uncommon. This range incorporates both the Great Basin and the Mojave Desert, but it is slightly more abundant in the Great Basin.</p> <p>Phenology:—Flowering begins in May and continues through June or rarely to early July. Fruiting begins in mid-May and lasts through July.</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet, monoensis, refers to the type locality, Mono Lake, California.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— U.S.A. CALIFORNIA. INYO COUNTY: Pine Creek Road, ca. 2 mi W Round Valley, sandy flats, base of hills, 4500 ft, 13 June 1953, V.Grant &amp; A.Grant 9248 (RSA); ca. 17 air mi SSE Olancha, ca. 2.2 mi E Coso Jct, on 2 nd powerline road, T22S, R38E, S6, 3400 ft, 6 May 1979, J.Henrickson &amp; E.Lee 17980 (RSA); Owens Valley, E of Black Rock Springs, T12S, R35E, S6, 3810 ft, 6 May 1974, M.DeDecker 3436 (RSA); 3.4 mi N 12 degrees W; drainage NE of Wyman Creek, Deep Springs Valley drainage, White Mountains Deep Spgs College White Mountains, 37.4276009° -117.99330°, 6100 ft, 29 Apr 1986, J.D.Morefield &amp; D.H.McCarty 3546 (RSA, UC); Bishop Highway, 3.8 mi N Big Pine, 3950 ft, 22 May 1969, E.C.Twisselmann 15528 (RSA); volcanic tableland, near Owens River Gorge, 5500 ft, 30 May 1933, V.Duran 3443 (RSA); China Lake Naval Weapons Center, S Coso Hot Springs, SE qtr S4, T22S, R39E, 3640 ft, 7 May 1978, R.L.Zembal 399 (RSA). KERN COUNTY: Fremont Valley, sand dunes at S end Koehn Lake, 1900 ft, 16 Apr 1959, E.C.Twisselmann 5054 (RSA); Red Rock Canyon, 2500 ft, 12 Apr 1966, E.C.Twisselmann 11911 (RSA); Sierra Nevada, Owens Peak, eastern watershed, Short Canyon, 35.7104°N - 117.8833°W, 1037 m, 8 Apr 2003, N.Fraga 526 (RSA); lower part of Short Canyon, loose sand of quarry, 28 Apr 1958, A.Grant 10113 (RSA); mouth of Short Canyon, sands, 28 Apr 1958, A.Grant 10112 (RSA); mouth of Short Canyon, NW Inyokern, 20 Apr 1954, V.Grant &amp; A.Grant 9338 (RSA); Tehachapi Mountains, slopes west of Walker Pass along Hwy 178, 4500 ft, 35.663° -118.02°, 14 Apr 2003, E.Dean, T.Starbuck &amp; M.Starbuck 1636 (UCD). MONO COUNTY: along hwy 395, N of Mono Lake, 0.9 mi E of mile marker 5.50 of Mono County road 167; 38° 04’ 39.6” N, 119° 03’ 14.3” W, ca. 6500 ft, 21 May 2001, J.M. Porter 12799 (RSA); Poaha Island, Mono Lake, sandy slope of volcanic crater, 6480 ft, 24 Apr 1975, M.DeDecker 3780 (RSA); slopes above Mono Craters, along the road to Benton, open, dry, deep, loose sandy slopes, 7000 ft, 5 Jul 1955, V.Grant &amp; A.Grant 9749 (RSA); 19 mi NW Benton, rocky gorge, 7100 ft, 9 Jul 1938, F.W.Peirson 12615 (RSA, UC); Glass Mountain region, Klondike Canyon, ca. 0.5 mi SW hwy 120, 37° 51.432’ N, 118° 36.805’ W, 2085 m, 26 May 2001, M.Honer 672A (RSA); Glass Mountain region, North Canyon, ca. 750 m S hwy 120, 37° 53.163’ N, 118° 45.704’ W, 2134 m, 4 Jun 2001, M.Honer 810 (RSA); Glass Mountain region, W of Banner Springs, ca. 2.4 km S Wildrose Summit, 37° 41.168’ N, 118° 35.863’ W, 2250 m, 6 Jun 2001, M.Honer 890, 891 (RSA); 4 mi N Mono Mills; S of Mono Lake, 6800 ft, 30 Jun 1934, L.R.Abrams and D.D.Keck 2884 (POM, UC); along highway 31 (Pole Line Road), 3 mi E Highway 395, 38.0621° -119.1114°, 6500 ft, 9 Jun 1962, J.L.Reveal &amp; J.L.Reveal 110 (RSA, UC); along road to Bodie, N of Mono Lake, 13 Jul 1941, H.L.Mason 12485 (JEPS, POM, UC); Rock Creek, 5 m N Sherwin Grade, sandy benches, 21 June 1928, P.A.Munz 11076 (POM); S of Rock Creek and 0.5 mi W hwy 395, sandy flat, 7200 ft, 14 Jun 1953, V.Grant &amp; A.Grant 9250 (RSA); Chiatovitch Creek; White Mountains, 8300 ft, 23 Jun 1932, V. Duran M9 (UC); desert by Mono Lake, 6900 ft, 5 Jul 1920, A.M.Ottley 1109 (UC, JEPS); scattered on open dry hills between Whisky Creek and Crooked Creek, Owens River, 6700 ft, 29 Jul 1938, F.W.Peirson 10725 (RSA, UC); just below Tom’s Place, Rock Creek, 6800 ft, 25 Jun 1925, F.W.Peirson 6072 (RSA, UC); SE side of Mono Lake, Inyo National Forest Mono Mills Mono Basin, Inyo National Forest, 37.9181° -118.93361°, 6800 ft, 18 Jul 1995, D.W.Taylor 15227 (JEPS); near Farrington’s Ranch, below Leevining, 6800 ft, 30 June 1951, P.H.Raven 3126 (RSA);. SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY: along U.S. Highway 91 about 5 mi E, (Cronese Valley), Mohave Desert, 1500 ft, 19 Apr 1952, G.T.Robbins &amp; R.Bacigalupi 3429 (JEPS); Barstow, Mohave Desert, Apr 26 1935, W.L.Jepson 17205a (JEPS); Mohave Desert, Barstow, sand, 2100 ft, 12 Apr 1920, M.F.Spencer 1568 (POM); Barstow, 20 Apr 1921, E.C.Jaeger 1090 (POM); Mohave Desert, SE end of Kelso Dunes, 7 mi S Kelso, on Amboy Road, 2500 ft, 1 May 1941, C.B.Wolf 10222 (RSA); Kelso Dunes, off powerline road, S side of dunes, Bull Canyon Wash, 25 Mar 1988, W.Wisura 4208 (RSA); 30 air mi SE Baker, 5 mi SW Kelso, 2125 ft, 28 Apr 1973, J.Henrickson 9345 (RSA); black lavas, N of Pisgah Crater, 11 Apr 1952, H.L.Mason 14256 (RSA, UC); just E of Daggett, Black Lava Bed, 11 Apr 1952, H.L.Mason 14249 (UC); Mohave Desert, Providence Mts., 0.5 mi SSE Kelso on road to Cornfield Spring, ca. 2200 ft, 28 Apr 1973, A.Whittingham &amp; R.F.Thorne 43161C (RSA); Mohave Desert, Alvord Mtns., Alvord Well, near 35.05519° N, 116.62590°W, 622 m, 24 Mar 2008, L.Gross 2951 (RSA); Mohave Desert, Poison Canyon, SW of Searles Lake, 30 Apr 1935, H.L.Mason 8287 (UC); Mohave Desert, Trona, mouth of Poison Canyon, (Salt Wells Canyon), 14 Apr 1940, A.M.Alexander &amp; L.Kellogg 1048 (UC); on road to Lancaster 4 mi w of Adelanto, Mohave Desert, 2800 ft, 25 Apr 1949, P.A.Munz 13077 (RSA, UC); Waterman Mine (N of Barstow), May 1884, J.G.Lemmon 188 (JEPS). NEVADA. CLARK COUNTY: 2 mi N Rhodes Well, sandy desert, 22 Apr 1940, C.L.Hitchcock 6170 (RSA). ELKO COUNTY: Antelope Valley, 63.6 km S of Wendover, 32 km 87° E of Currie and Pass, adjacent to Dolly Varden turnoff, T28N, R67E, S26, 1700 m, 2 Jun 1984, N. H.Holmgren &amp; P.K.Holmgren 10367 (BRY). ESMERALDA COUNTY: SW of volcanic hills, Columbia Salt Marsh drainage, T1N, R34E, SW qtr S2, 6000 ft, 2 Jun 1981, M.DeDecker 5211 (RSA). MINERAL COUNTY: Rough Creek Rd. (Forest Rd 028) between Hawthorne &amp; Bridgeport, junction of rd to China Camp, ca. 1 mi W of Nine Mile Ranch, W of Fletcher, T6N, R27E, S9, 6000 ft, 11 Jun 1980, B.Ertter &amp; J.Strachan 3683 (BRY).</p> <p>Discussion:— Aliciella Brand (1907) was expanded by Porter (1998) to incorporate those species of Gilia Ruiz &amp; Pav. that, among other traits, lack a copious mucilage coat when the seeds are wetted. This lineage is only distantly related to Gilia (e.g., Johnson et al. 1996; Porter 1997). Aliciella sect. Aliciella is a lineage composed exclusively of rosette-forming annual species of the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert regions of the United States. The majority of species in sect. Aliciella are small-flowered; however, A heterostyla (Cochrane &amp; Day 1994: 120) J.M. Porter (1998: 37), and A. nyensis (Reveal 1969: 480) J.M. Porter (1998: 36) have moderately large flowers. Aliciella monoensis is a member of this section.</p> <p>Aliciella monoensis has historically been confused with A. subacaulis, and these two species are morphologically similar. Both have relatively small flowers, with an hourglass-shaped corolla tube and the lobes are lanceolate, lacking a cusp (Fig. 1A). Both species have basal leaves that are lobed with a rachis that is narrower than the length of the lobes (Fig. 1B). There are five lines of evidence that provide support for the hypothesis that A. monoensis is an evolutionary lineage independent of A. subacaulis. Corolla morphometric analyses (Porter and De Groot, submitted) demonstrate that corolla form differs significantly between A. monoensis and A. subacaulis. In general, the corolla and filaments of A. monoensis are longer (0.5–1.0 mm) than those of A. subacaulis (0.3–0.7 mm). In addition, the corolla of A. monoensis is more narrowly funnelform than that of A. subacaulis, which is short and broadly funnelform. Likewise, the leaf lobes of A. monoensis are entire or toothed, while those of A. subacaulis are entire. The architecture of the two species is markedly different. Aliciella monoensis has a primary axis that is longer than the lateral branches, bearing many nodes (Fig. 1C). By contrast, A. subacaulis possesses a short primary axis, composed of as few as four nodes above the basal rosette, with lateral branches overtopping the primary axis. Phylogenetic analyses support the segregation. Aliciella monoensis shares common ancestry with A. nyensis, based on independent analyses of both the chloroplast trnL -trnF region and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) DNA sequences (Porter and De Groot, submitted). By contrast, chloroplast DNA sequences infer A. subacaulis as sister species to A. heterostyla, while nrITS DNA sequences infer common ancestry with A. micromeria (A. Gray 1870: 279) J.M. Porter (1998: 40). The different placement of A. subacaulis in chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies can be explained by the fact that it is a tetraploid species, 2n= 34. This too serves to differentiate it from A. monoensis, which is a diploid (n = 8; Day 1993).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87C9FFF9936CE0B1FF03FBF9F685	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Porter, J. Mark	Porter, J. Mark (2011): Two new Aliciella species and a new subspecies in Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) from the western United States of America. Phytotaxa 15: 15-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.15.1.3
03DA87C9FFFC936AE0B1FF70FA13F644.text	03DA87C9FFFC936AE0B1FF70FA13F644.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aliciella cliffordii J. M. Porter 2011	<div><p>Aliciella cliffordii J.M.Porter, sp. nov. (Fig. 2)</p> <p>Species Aliciella cliffordii similis Aliciella haydenii (A. Gray) J.M. Porter, sed corolla caerulea vel alba differt.</p> <p>Type:— J.M. Porter, K.D.Heil, &amp; A.Clifford 13528; U.S.A. Arizona. Apache County: Navajo Indian Reservation, ca. 5 km S of Cove; 36° 32’ 01” N, 109° 13’ 04” W, 2225 m elev., 6 May 2003. (holotype: RSA; isotypes: ARIZ, SJNM).</p> <p>Taprooted, short-lived perennial, with a well-developed basal rosette of leaves, thus appearing biennial, 10–90 cm tall, stems sparsely and coarsely glandular pubescent with uniseriate glandular trichomes, erect but freely and divaricately branching, sometimes to the base, the lateral branches overtopping the primary axis. Basal leaves forming a rosette, entire, coarsely toothed to once-pinnatifid, 1.2–5 cm long, the rachis broad, 1– 4.5 mm wide, the segments 6–15, entire to rarely lobed, glandular and crisp puberulent with white, uniseriate eglandular trichomes, lobes cuspidate or mucronate. Lower cauline leaves pinnatifid to more commonly entire and linear, gradually to abruptly reduced in size upward, ultimately upper cauline leaves entire, 1–18 mm long, glandular puberulent. Inflorescence loosely open cymose-panicle, the flowers mostly crowded at the tips of the branches. Calyx cylindrical to campanulate, 3–4.7 mm long, tube 1.8–3.5 mm long at anthesis, glandular. Corolla 6–18 mm long, blue, paling to nearly white, corolla externally glabrous but bearing a patch of glandular trichomes centrally, at the proximal end (base) of the corolla lobe, narrowly funnelformsalverform; the tube, 5.5–12 mm long, lobes narrowly oblanceolate, 3–5.5(–6.0) mm long, 1.9–3.5 mm wide. Stamens equally inserted in the upper tube (at the sinuses of the corolla lobes), the free portion ca. 1 mm long, anthers 1.5–2.2 mm long, slightly exserted. Style well exserted and approaching herkogamous to included and reverse herkogamous. Fruit a capsule, 3-5 mm long, 2.3–2.9 mm wide, ovoid, dehiscing at the apex but valves remaining attached at the base, locules 3. Seed 1.8–2.2 mm long, 0.7–1 mm wide, narrowly ovoid to fusiform, or angled-truncate and lung-shaped, wingless or with a narrow partial wing at one end or along the margin, less than 0.2 mm wide, pale gray-brown.</p> <p>Distribution:— Aliciella cliffordii is apparently restricted to Apache County, Arizona and adjacent San Juan County, New Mexico, occurring in sandy or clay badlands, associated with pinyon-juniper woodland and ponderosa pine forests. Soils are generally red. Occurrences range in elev. from 1525–1980 m (5000–6500 ft). A very localized species, it is endemic to the Navajo Nation on Beautiful Mountain and the adjacent eastern slopes of the Lukachukai and Chuska Mountains.</p> <p>Phenology:—Flowering begins in May and continues through June or rarely to early July. Fruiting begins in mid-May and lasts through July.</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet, cliffordii, honors Arnold Clifford, enthusiastic field botanist and important collector in the Four Corners region and Navajo Nation.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— U.S.A. ARIZONA. APACHE COUNTY: 1 to 3 mi S of Cove, in the Chuska Mtns. (label states San Juan Co., NM, incorrectly), 8 June 1974, D.Atwood 6361 (BRY, NY); Navajo Nation, W of Red Rock, on the eastern foot of Lukachukai Mtns, red silty loam, 14 May 1991, J.M. Porter 9559 (RSA); Navajo Nation, drainage and road to Mexican Cry Mesa, on lower member of the Wingate Formation, 27 Sept. 2001, K.Heil &amp; A.Clifford 18375 (RSA, SJNM). NEW MEXICO. SAN JUAN COUNTY: 12 mi west of Shiprock along Hwy 504, 15 May 1970, D.Atwood 2525 (BRY, NY).</p> <p>Discussion:— Aliciella Brand sect. Aliciella subsect. Subnudae J.M.Porter (Porter 1998: 31; see also Porter and Johnson 2000) is largely of the Colorado Plateau. It boasts some of the more colorful and attractive members of the Phlox family in the Four Corners region, including A. formosa (Greene ex Brand 1907: 119) J.M. Porter (1998: 33), A. subnuda (Gray 1870: 276) J.M. Porter (1998: 33), and A. haydenii. The showy magenta flowers of A. formosa and A. haydenii are hawkmoth pollinated, with over 90% of insect visits due to hawkmoths (Porter 1993; Porter and Floyd-Hanna 1993). There are two subspecies of A. haydenii recognized, differing in corolla size, density of glands on the external corolla, and in part corolla color upon drying. Regardless of these differences, populations and the two races of A. haydenii share a common reproductive and pollination system (Porter 1993) and show some intergradation. This is consistent with the hypothesis that they represent a single species.</p> <p>The series of isolated and disjunct populations near Beautiful Mountain, Arizona are very similar to Aliciella haydenii, but differ in their narrower corolla tube and lobes and pale floral color, having blue to nearly white corollas (Fig. 2A, B). The populations in the Beautiful Mountain area are pollinated primarily by beeflies (Bombilius lancifer Osten Sacken [1877: 251]; Fig. 2C), and visited, to a lesser degree, by anthophorid bees, representing an ethological distinction from A. haydenii. Field studies over a four-year period, summing to nearly 200 hours of observation time, have verified that these populations are not visited by hawkmoths, rather B. lancifer (73% of visits) and several species of anthophorid bees (18% of visits). Nonpollinating visitors (e.g., syrphid flies) account for the remaining visits. I hypothesize that the populations near Beautiful Mountain correspond to a different reproductive and pollination system from A. haydenii, and therefore comprise a genetically independent species. In accordance, I treat it at the rank of species. While A. cliffordii seems technically weak if considering the morphological features alone, the different pollination system and geographic disjunction is consistent with a hypothesis of peripatric speciation, involving a change in pollination mechanisms. This provides an explicit hypothesis that can be experimentally tested. It is also important to note that, in the field, it is readily distinguishable from A. haydenii (Fig. 3A, B). The two species can be distinguished using the following key:</p> <p>1 Corolla blue, paling to nearly white when fresh; corolla lobes narrowly lanceolate, 3–6 mm long, 1.9–3.5 mm wide; free portion of filaments 0.2–1.5 mm (mean 0.9 mm); restricted to the Beautiful Mountain area and near Red Rock, Arizona......................................................................................................................................................... A. cliffordii</p> <p>- Corolla magenta when fresh; corolla lobes oval to oblanceolate, slightly wider than above, 3.5–9 mm long, 2–4.2 mm wide; free portion of filaments 0.8–2.7 mm (mean 1.5 mm); scattered in the Four Corners region of Colorado, New Mexico and Utah................................................................................................................................. A. haydenii</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87C9FFFC936AE0B1FF70FA13F644	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Porter, J. Mark	Porter, J. Mark (2011): Two new Aliciella species and a new subspecies in Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) from the western United States of America. Phytotaxa 15: 15-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.15.1.3
03DA87C9FFFE9366E0B1FC15FA13F478.text	03DA87C9FFFE9366E0B1FC15FA13F478.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipomopsis congesta subsp. matthewii J. M. Porter 2011	<div><p>Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V.E.Grant subsp. matthewii J.M.Porter, subsp. nov. (Fig. 4)</p> <p>Similis Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V.E.Grant subsp. congesta, sed folia integra vel pinnatifida differt; similis subsp. crebrifolia (Nutt.) A.G.Day, sed folia basibus 12–22 mm differt; et similis subsp. frutescens (Rydb.) A.G.Day, sed caules 6–25 cm differt.</p> <p>Type:— J.M. Porter, K.D.Heil, &amp; A.Clifford 12673; U.S.A. New Mexico. San Juan County, Navajo Indian Reservation, “The Hogback,” overlooking Eagle Nest Arroyo, rimrock (Point Lookout Member of Mesa Verde Sandstone Formation), 8 May 2001. (holotype: RSA; isotypes: BRY, GH, RM, SJNM).</p> <p>Polycarpic perennials, bearing a branching, subterranean, woody caudex, sometimes taprooted when young, plants sometimes subshrubby at the base. Stems 1–20, decumbent, ascending or erect, simple or with up to 5 or more branches, 4–30 cm tall, with both glandular and eglandular trichomes, usually densely floccose. Leaves mostly cauline on each stem at flowering, 8–30 mm long, lower leaves linear and entire 0.8– 1.2 mm wide, upper leaves pinnatifid, with (2–)3–7 narrow segments, the terminal lobe, 0.7–1 mm wide, trichomes glandular and eglandular, more or less white villous or floccose, usually restricted to the adaxial veins. Inflorescence solitary or paniculately arranged heads, flowers in dense, capitate, cymose heads, 14– 25(–27) mm broad, flowers sessile or subsessile, inconspicuously bracteate, bracts 2.5–6(–10) mm long, simple, outermost trifid to 5-lobed, with 1–2 flowers subtended by a bract. Calyx usually 3.5–5.5 mm long, free portion of the lobes 1.0– 2.5 mm long, mucronate or shortly aristate, the margins hyaline, densely villous, the fused portion (tube) sparsely glandular puberulent, the green, herbaceous costae alternating with a narrow hyaline region. Corolla salverform, cream-white, 4.5–7.5 mm long; the tube 3.5–5(–6) mm long, only slightly, if at all surpassing the calyx, external corolla glabrous, rarely with a few glandular trichomes, internal tube with glandular trichomes (or papillae) along the more proximal staminal vasculature; lobes spreading, (1.5–) 2–3 mm long, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, rounded to acute at the apex. Filaments diverging from the corolla tube at the sinuses of the lobes, slightly curved, 0.8–2(–3) mm long, the anthers 0.5–1.5 mm long, exserted beyond the orifice of the corolla, pollen cream-white. Style reaching the anthers and slightly exserted, proximal portion sparsely glandular, the trichomes sometimes to 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, bearing a few glandular trichomes at the apex, locules 3, 1 ovule per locule. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, 2.5–3.5 mm long, dehiscing from the apex, valves usually remaining fused at the base, with 1 seed per locule, often with some locules empty. Seeds 2–2.5 mm long, 0.6–1 mm wide, ellipsoid-fusiform, wingless, light brown to pale chestnut, funicular scar linear, elongate, surface irregular, becoming mucilaginous when wetted, embryo green, slightly curved, often visible within the seed.</p> <p>Distribution:—Scattered across the Four Corners region, Ipomopsis congesta subsp. matthewii occurs in arid habitats, primarily associated with pinyon-juniper woodland. However, it may be found in sagebrush flats (often with scattered pinyon-juniper) or in desert scrub vegetation, where it may be found in badlands. Rarely, it has also been found in ponderosa pine-Gamble oak woodlands. Most frequently it is found in sandy pockets of sandstone outcrops, ledges, and ridge tops. It can also occur on sandy soils or clay soils, particularly if covered by alluvial or pediment gravels. Occurrences range in elev. from 1675–2440 m (5500–8000 ft).</p> <p>Phenology:—Flowering begins in late April and generally continues through late June or early July. Exceptionally, flowering may continue into September. Fruiting begins in mid-May and lasts through August or rarely into September.</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet, matthewii, honors Matthew Heil, energetic field botanist of the Four Corners region, whose life was tragically cut short.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):—U.S.A., ARIZONA. APACHE COUNTY: Navajo Nation, Alcove Canyon, 1/ 4 mi W of confluence with White Rock Wash, W Slopes of Carrizo Mountains, 27 April 1995, B.Hevron 2269 (ASC); Navajo Reservation, Blackhorse Creek on the south side of the Carrizo Mountains, 30 May 2004, G.Rink 3354 (ASC, NAVA); Navajo Nation, top of Mexican Cry Mesa, 14.1 mi from Cove, 27 Sept. 2001, K.Heil &amp; A.Clifford 18383 (SJNM, RSA); Navajo Nation, Lukachukai Mts. at Cove, 30 May 1998, S.L.O'Kane, Jr. 4370 (NAVA, SJNM); Navajo Reservation, W foothills Lukachukai Mtns, ca. 9.5 mi E Round Rock Trading Post, T36N, R28E, S10, 6500 ft, 5 Jun 2001, A.Clifford &amp; D. Atwood 01-610 (SJNM). COLORADO. ARCHULETA COUNTY: Arboles, 3 June 1899, C.F.Baker 534 (POM); Sambrito Wetlands Area, hillside above <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.478615&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.00639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.478615/lat 37.00639)">Sambrito Cr.</a>, 37° 0’ 23” N, 107° 28’ 43” W, 6125 ft, 8 Jul 2003, K.Heil, et al. 22120 (SJNM). LA PLATA COUNTY: 2 mi E of Ignacio, 6400 ft, 21 Jun 1964, J.N. Mann s.n. (SJNM); Near La Boca Ranch, ca. 0.75 mi SE of railroad bridge, 650 ft, 18 June 1999, K.Heil 13242 (SJNM). MONTEZUMA COUNTY: Ute Mountain Indian Reservation, mesa top, T32N, R15W, S19, 23 June 1985, J.M. Porter 1301 (SJNM); 7 mi. N. of Cortez. Limestone soil, 27 May 1982, R.Beal s.n. (ASC). MONTROSE COUNTY: 7 mi NE Nucla, T47N, R14W, 2 Sept. 1947, W.A. Weber 3578 (RSA). NEW MEXICO. SAN JUAN COUNTY: Navajo Nation, The Hogback, T 30N, R16W, S11, 4 May 1985, J.M. Porter 1044 (SJNM); Navajo Nation, ca. 12 miles WSW of Sanostee, 11 June 2001, K.Heil 16676 (NAVA, SJNM); ca. 2-3 mi N of Bloomfield, T29N, R10W, S3, 5650 ft, 11 May 1992, K.Heil &amp; D. Hyder 7074 (RSA, SJNM); 1 mi S of La Boca, Colorado, W side of Los Pinos River, T32N, R17W, S17, 16 May 1984, J.M. Porter 80-175 (SJNM); Ute Mountain, Ute Indian Reservation, Barker Dome, T 32N, R14W, S10 SE qtr., 2000 m, 28 Apr 1989, K. Heil &amp; J.M. Porter 4981 (SJNM). UTAH. SAN JUAN COUNTY: La Sal Mountains, 3 June 1914, M.E.Jones s.n. (POM); U.S. Highway 666, 20.6 km E of Monticello, T34S, R26E, S7, 2070 m, 15 June 1993, N.H.Holmgren &amp; P.K. Holmgren 11876 (RSA, NY); along U.S. 666, at mile marker 14, ca. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.09639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.832222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.09639/lat 37.832222)">3 mi E Eastland</a> turnoff, 37° 49’ 56” N, 109° 05’ 47” W, 6793 ft, 30 May 2002, K.Heil &amp; W. Mietty 19044 (SJNM); 10.4 mi E of U.S. 191, on CR332 (<a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.154724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.94917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.154724/lat 37.94917)">Hickman Flat Rd.</a>) ca. 3.5 mi N Pinte Knoll, 37° 56’ 57” N, 109° 09’ 17” W, 6775 ft, 22 May 2003, K.Heil &amp; J.M. Porter 21813 (SJNM); 11.6 mi E of U.S. 163, near Monticello, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.15723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.945557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.15723/lat 37.945557)">East Canyon</a>, 37° 56’ 44” N, 109° 09’ 26” W, 6400 ft, 2 Jul 2002, K.Heil et al. 22018 (SJNM).</p> <p>Discussion:— Ipomopsis congesta is a widespread species, occurring from the Pacific Northwest south to California, and east to South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, and New Mexico. Across this range, I. congesta displays considerable variability (Constance &amp; Rollins 1936, Cronquist 1984, Day 1980). Currently eight races are recognized (Cronquist 1984, Day 1980, Welsh et al. 2003), either at the varietal or subspecific rank. These races differ in habit (from tall, wand-like and basally woody, to decumbent or cespitose herbs), leaf morphology (from linear or pinnatifid, to palmatifid leaves), vesture (glabrous to hairy or glandular), flower color (white to blue-purple), filament length (much shorter than the anther to twice the anther length), anther/ pollen color (white to blue, or yellow), ovule number, as well as ecological features. These races can be quite distinctive. As a result, some races are occasionally treated at the species rank, e.g., I. frutescens (Rydberg 1913: 471) V.E. Grant (1956: 361), I. crebrifolia (Nuttall 1848: 11) Dorn in Clark &amp; Dorn (1979: 41).</p> <p>In the Four Corners region of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah a distinctive form of Ipomopsis congesta has been collected since the 1800’s. Various authors have considered it to represent I. c. subsp. congesta (Weber and Wittmann 1996), I. c. subsp. crebrifolia (Nutt.) A.G. Day (1980:112) (Cronquist 1984), or I. c. subsp. frutescens (Rydb.) A.G. Day (1980:112) (Weber and Wittmann 1996). In fact, the race found in the Four Corners region differs qualitatively (see below) from all three of the subspecies to which it has been assigned. We consider this taxon distinct and recognize it at the subspecific rank.</p> <p>Ipomopsis congesta subsp. matthewii represents the southeastern Colorado Plateau race of the widespread I. congesta. As a whole, this species has received less attention in contrast to the I. spicata complex (Wilken and Hartman 1991) or the I. aggregata complex (e.g., Grant and Wilken 1986; 1987; 1988a; 198b). The historic confusion of I. c. subsp. matthewii with other subspecies is understandable because it possesses traits reminiscent of I. c. subspp. congesta, crebrifolia, and frutescens; however, it remains amply distinct morphologically and ecologically. Most similar to I. c. subsp. congesta, I. c. subsp. matthewii differs in generally having a more suffrutescent base, cream-white flowers and pollen, and displaying heteroblastic leaf variation (early leaf production of simple, entire, linear leaves, later production of pinnatifid leaves with long, linear segments). Ipomopsis congesta subsp. matthewii has also been confused with I. c. subsp. crebrifolia, a subspecies restricted to western Wyoming and adjacent Montana that is a woody, tufted subshrub with exclusively linear, short leaves. As previously noted, I. c. subsp. matthewii is often somewhat woody at the base and possesses at least some entire, linear leaves like I. c. subsp. frutescens. Unlike I. c. subsp. frutescens with its tall, wand-like stems, nearly all entire leaves, and two ovules per locule, I. c. subsp. matthewii has decumbent to erect, branching stems, basally entire but distally pinnatifid leaves, and one ovule per locule.</p> <p>In spite of the new taxonomic recognition of Ipomopsis congesta subsp. matthewii, this subspecies is neither rare nor in need of specific conservation effort. It occurs over a wide area, from Montrose and Archuleta Counties, Colorado, to San Juan County, Utah, south to Navajo and Apache Counties, Arizona, and San Juan County, New Mexico. Even so, this is not a particularly common race, occurring in small populations, scattered across the region.</p> <p>Infraspecific taxa of Ipomopsis congesta can be identified using the following key:</p> <p>1 Leaves, or most of them, palmatifid to subpalmatifid, usually hairy (this complex of subspecies displays a near continuum of variation and could easily be considered a single subspecies; however, I maintain taxonomic recognition of these entities to emphasize the geographic restriction of subsp. nevadensis, and ecological differences of subsps. montana and palmifrons).............................................................................................................................................. 2</p> <p>- Leaves entire, trifid, or pinnatifid, but not palmatifid.................................................................................................. 4</p> <p>2 Filaments shorter than the anthers, anthers situated at the corolla tube orifice, flowers blue-lavender to white; apparently restricted to the Toiyabe Mountains, Nevada........... I. congesta subsp. nevadensis (Tidestr.) Kartesz &amp; Gandhi</p> <p>- Filaments longer than the anthers, anthers situated beyond the corolla tube orifice, flowers white to lavender......... 3</p> <p>3 Most leaves crowded on short, vegetative shoots, forming a conspicuous basal mat; dwarf alpine or subalpine plants, seldom as much as 10 cm tall...................................... I. congesta subsp. montana (A.Nels. &amp; P.B.Kenn.) V.E.Grant</p> <p>- Leaves mostly scattered along the stems, sometimes clustered as in the proceeding, plants to 20 or 30 cm tall, intermountain valleys to montane habitats................................................ I. congesta subsp. palmifrons (Brand) A.G.Day</p> <p>4 Leaves glabrous, rarely sparsely tomentose on abaxial surface, mostly crowded on short, vegetative shoots, forming a basal mat; stems usually simple above the branched base; middle and upper elevations of mountains.................... 5</p> <p>- Leaves sparsely to densely hairy, rarely glabrous; sterile vegetative shoots rarely developed, stems often branched above; foothills, valleys, and plains.............................................................................................................................. 6</p> <p>5 Leaves mostly entire; plants, up to about 12 cm tall........................... I. congesta subsp. crebrifolia (Nutt.) A.G.Day</p> <p>- Leaves mostly trifid, often some pinnatifid or entire, plants to 20 cm tall.................................................................................................................................................................................. I. congesta subsp. viridis (Cronquist) A.G.Day</p> <p>6 Cauline leaves mostly entire; plants 5–40 cm tall; herbaceous or woody above the caudex....................................... 7</p> <p>- Cauline leaves trifid to pinnatifid, entire only on proximal stems; plants rarely over 20(–30) cm tall, herbaceous above the caudex.......................................................................................................................................................... 8</p> <p>7 Stems 10–40 cm tall, from a woody caudex and base, wand-like; Washington and Kane Counties, Utah, Coconino Co., Arizona........................................................................................ I. congesta subsp. frutescens (Rydb.) A.G.Day</p> <p>- Stems usually less than 15 cm, from a diffuse underground caudex, short and herbaceous; Green River Shale Formation of Duchesne and Uintah Counties, Utah........................................................... I. congesta var. goodrichii Welsh</p> <p>8 Basal leaves entire, 3–6 cm long, proximal leaves pinnatifid; W South Dakota, E Wyoming, E of the Continental Divide...................................................................... I. congesta subsp. pseudotypica (Constance &amp; Rollins) A.G.Day.</p> <p>- Basal leaves pinnatifid or entire, less than 3 cm long, widespread but W of the Continental Divide.......................... 9</p> <p>9 Basal leaves pinnatifid; corolla white, anthers bright yellow; widespread but in northern portion of species range.............................................................................................................................................. I. congesta subsp. congesta</p> <p>- Basal leaves entire, upper trifid to pinnatifid; corolla cream, anthers cream to white............................................... 10</p> <p>10 Stems woody well above the woody caudex; southern Colorado Plateau, widespread on sandy soils and pockets of slickrock sandstone........................................................................................................... I. congesta subsp. matthewii</p> <p>- Stems herbaceous above the woody caudex; a narrow endemic on hills of Arapien Shale Formation, Sevier County, Utah......................................................................................................................... I. congesta var. ochroleuca Welsh</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87C9FFFE9366E0B1FC15FA13F478	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Porter, J. Mark	Porter, J. Mark (2011): Two new Aliciella species and a new subspecies in Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) from the western United States of America. Phytotaxa 15: 15-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.15.1.3
