identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E0D24454604929DCDE9C4EA033F8D4.text	03E0D24454604929DCDE9C4EA033F8D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus amoenus (Bong.) Koern.	<div><p>Paepalanthus amoenus (Bong.) Koern. in Martius &amp; Eichler, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 316, tab. 42 (1863)</p> <p>≡ Eriocaulon amoenum Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. -Pétersbourg, Ser. 6 Sci Math. 1: 637 (1831) ≡ Dupatya amoena (Bong.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 745 (1891). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In glareosis graminosis pr. Capanema, February 1825, Riedel s.n. (holotype: LE! in 2 sheets).</p> <p>= Eriocaulon longipes Mart. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 276 (1855). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Brasilia, August– April 1840, Claussen 1156 (holotype: G!).</p> <p>= Paepalanthus amoenus f. prolifer Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 417 (1971). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Bello Horizonte, Serra do Curral–Acaba Munde, 10 March 1933, Mello Barreto 2491 (holotype: NY!), syn. nov.</p> <p>Paepalanthus amoenus var. curralensis Silveira, nom. nud.</p> <p>Silveira (1928) refers to the specimen Silveira 348, which corresponds to Paepalanthus amoenus var. curralensis, from a list of his own collections of Eriocaulaceae. This specimen was found at R and contains a detailed description in Silveira’s handwriting. However, this description has never been published. According to article 32.1 and recommendation 50.1 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006), the name must be treated as nomen nudum.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D24454604929DCDE9C4EA033F8D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D24454604928DCDE9EA4A222F914.text	03E0D24454604928DCDE9EA4A222F914.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus chiquitensis Herzog, Repert. 2010	<div><p>Paepalanthus chiquitensis Herzog, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 86 (1924).</p> <p>Type: BOLIVIA. Chiquitos: “Häufig in den Kämpen des Cerro de Santiago, 700–800 m, May 1907, Herzog 114 (holotype: L!, incomplete). Epitype (here designated): BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: “Velasco Province, 19 May 1995, J. R. Abbott 16850 (SPF! in 2 sheets).</p> <p>= Paepalanthus erectifolius var. glabrus Silveira, Floral. Mont. 1: 192 (1928). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In campis prope Itamb do Serro, May 1908, Silveira 499 (holotype: R!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus erectifolius var. grandifolius Silveira, Floral. Mont. 1: 192 (1928)—Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In campis in Chapada do Couto, April 1918, Silveira 711 (holotype: R!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus formosus Moldenke, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 14: 11 (1952). Type: VENEZUELA. Amazonas: “Cerro Guanay, alt. 2000 m, 4 February 1951, B. Maguire &amp; al. 31754 (holotype: NY!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus moldenkeanus R.E.Schultes, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 16: 187 (1954). Type: COLOMBIA. Vaupés: “Quartzite savannah near headwaters, 900–1000 feet, 4–5 October 1951, R. E. Schultes &amp; I. Cabrera 14351 (holotype: GH! in 2 sheets, isotype: F! in two sheets), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus speciosus var. pulverulentus Moldenke, Phytologia 10: 489 (1964). Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Cristaleira elev. 1250 m, 30 March 1963, Pereira 7476 (holotype: LL! in 2 sheets), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus speciosus var. attenuatus Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 466 (1974). Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Chapada dos Veadeiros, 22 March 1971, H. S. Irwin &amp; al. 32935 (holotype: LL!, isotype: LL!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus speciosus var. bolivianus Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 467 (1974). Type: BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: “Velasco, 200 m, July 1892, Kuntze s.n. (holotype: NY!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus speciosus f. calvescens Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 467 (1974). Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Prov. de Goyaz, May–July 1884, Weddell 2133 (holotype: NY!, isotype: P!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus speciosus var. goyazensis Moldenke, Phytologia 52: 414 (1983). Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Chapada dos Veadeiros, 16 April 1956, E. Yale Dawson 14271 (holotype: LL!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus amoenus var. bolivianus Moldenke, Phytologia 61: 444 (1987). Type: BOLIVIA. La Paz: “Iturralde, Sabanna Húmeda, 180 m, 2 August 1985, R. Haase 685 (holotype: LL!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus giganteus Sano, Taxon 53: 106 (2004) ≡ Eriocaulon speciosum Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. -Pétersbourg, Ser. 6 Sci Math. 1: 636 (1831) ≡ Paepalanthus speciosus (Bong.) Koern. in Martius &amp; Eichler, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 315, tab. 39, 40, 41 (1863), nom. illeg. non Gardner (1843) ≡ Dupatya speciosa (Bong.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 746 (1891). Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo: “In campis Batataes, June 1834, Riedel 2300 (Neotype, here designated: LE! in 2 sheets, isoneotypes: B!, G!, K!, P!), syn. nov.</p> <p>Herzog (1924) described P. chiquitensis on the basis of field observations, but he stated in the protologue that only fragments (parts of an inflorescence, Herzog 114) is the holotype at L. However, the original description and type specimen are insufficient to distinguish the species unambiguously without additional evidence. Thus, on the basis of article 9.7 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006), we hereby designate an epitype. Paepalanthus chiquitensis is the most widespread and variable species in section Diphyomene, therefore several formerly described species are treated here as synonyms.</p> <p>Sano (2004) proposed Paepalanthus giganteus as a new name for the later homonym Paepalanthus speciosus (Bong.) Koern. In the protologue, Sano (2004) indicated the collection Riedel 2300 in LE as the holotype of the basionym. However, this material was collected 4 years after the species publication and thus cannot be the holotype. As Bongard (1831) did not clearly indicate a type specimen and no original collection belonging to the same species has been found in LE, we consider the original material lost and designate the specimen cited by Sano (2004) as a neotype for the species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D24454604928DCDE9EA4A222F914	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D24454614928DCDE9FE4A36DF8FF.text	03E0D24454614928DCDE9FE4A36DF8FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus cordatus Ruhland 1903	<div><p>Paepalanthus cordatus Ruhland in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 189 (1903).</p> <p>Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Chapadão de Porto Seguro dans le campo sec., 26 December 1894, Glaziou 22324 (holotype: B!, isotypes: C!, G!, K!, LE!, P!)</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D24454614928DCDE9FE4A36DF8FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D24454614928DCDE9E81A369F85A.text	03E0D24454614928DCDE9E81A369F85A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus decussus Koern.	<div><p>Paepalanthus decussus Koern., in Martius &amp; Eichler, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 318 (1863)</p> <p>≡ Dupatya decussa (Koern.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 745 (1891). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Cachoeira”, s.d., Claussen s.n. (holotype: BR!, isotype: B!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D24454614928DCDE9E81A369F85A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D2445466492FDCDE999CA3F4FD5E.text	03E0D2445466492FDCDE999CA3F4FD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus erectifolius Silveira, Fl. Serr. Min.	<div><p>Paepalanthus erectifolius Silveira, Fl. Serr. Min.: 51 (1908).</p> <p>Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In partis siccis in Serra do Cipó”, April 1905, Silveira 367 (holotype: R!).</p> <p>= Paepalanthus speciosus var. glaber Ruhland in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 187 (1903). Type: Brazil. Minas Gerais: “Serra do Cip, dans le camp, 26 April 1892, Glaziou 19977 (lectotype, here designated: B!, duplicates: C!, P!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus speciosus var. angustifolius Ruhland in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 30 (Heft 13)): 187 (1903). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Serra do Cip, prov. Minarum, October, Mathieu Libon 534 (lectotype, here designated: C!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus speciosus var. chlorocephalu s Silveira, Fl. Serr. Min.: 50 (1908). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In campis siccis in Serra do Cipó”, April 1905, Silveira 370 (holotype: R!), syn. nov.</p> <p>Ruhland (1903) described Paepalanthus speciosus var. glabrus based on eight collections. Careful fieldwork and herbarium analysis lead to the conclusion that these specimens correspond to several formerly described species. The collection Glaziou 19977 best fits the original description, and is thus designated here as the lectotype. Ruhland (1903) also briefly described Paepalanthus speciosus var. angustifolius based on two collections. The specimen Mathieu Libon 534 in C fits the original description most adequately and is therefore designated here as the lectotype.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D2445466492FDCDE999CA3F4FD5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D2445466492FDCDE9A22A566FC38.text	03E0D2445466492FDCDE9A22A566FC38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus koernickei (Ruhland) Trovo 2010	<div><p>Paepalanthus koernickei (Ruhland) Trovó, stat. nov.</p> <p>Basionym: Paepalanthus speciosus var. koernickei Ruhland, in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 187 (1903). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In campis Catalão–Paracatu, September 1834, Lund 566 (holotype: C! in 2 sheets).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D2445466492FDCDE9A22A566FC38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D2445466492FDCDE9AB1A575FC53.text	03E0D2445466492FDCDE9AB1A575FC53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus polycladus Silveira, Floral. Mont.	<div><p>Paepalanthus polycladus Silveira, Floral. Mont. 1: 189, tab. 122 (1928).</p> <p>Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In arenosis in serra do Chapadão, April 1925, Silveira 742 (holotype: R!).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D2445466492FDCDE9AB1A575FC53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D2445466492FDCDE9D2EA471FB71.text	03E0D2445466492FDCDE9D2EA471FB71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus urbanianus Ruhland	<div><p>Paepalanthus urbanianus Ruhland in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 188 (1903).</p> <p>Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Serra dos Veadeiros, dans campo sec, 15 January 1895, Glaziou 22318 (holotype: B!, isotypes: BR!, C!, G!, K!, LE!, NY!, P!).</p> <p>= Paepalanthus urbanianus var. angustifolius Moldenke, Phytologia 39: 330 (1978). Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Chapada dos Veadeiros, 23 March 1969, H. S. Irwin &amp; al. 24936 (holotype: NY!), syn. nov.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D2445466492FDCDE9D2EA471FB71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D2445466492FDCDE9C0FA229FAC3.text	03E0D2445466492FDCDE9C0FA229FAC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus weddellianus Koern.	<div><p>Paepalanthus weddellianus Koern. in Martius &amp; Eichler, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 317 (1863)</p> <p>≡ Dupatya weddelliana (Koern.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 746 (1891). Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Marais des rochers Prov. de Goyaz”, s.d., Weddell 2927 (holotype: BR!, isotype: P!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D2445466492FDCDE9C0FA229FAC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D2445466492EDCDE9FDCA063FF70.text	03E0D2445466492EDCDE9FDCA063FF70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus flaccidus (Bong.) Kunth, Enum. Pl.	<div><p>Paepalanthus flaccidus (Bong.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 511 (1841)</p> <p>≡ Eriocaulon flaccidum Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. -Pétersbourg, Ser. 6 Sci Math. 1: 643, tab. 4 (1831)</p> <p>≡ Dupatya flaccida (Bong.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 745 (1891). Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo: “Brasilia, s.d., Riedel 1034 (holotype: LE!).</p> <p>= Paepalanthus babyloniensis Silveira, Floral. Mont. 1: 188, tab. 121 (1928).</p> <p>Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In campis arenosis in serra da Babylonia, April 1925, Silveira 428 (holotype: R!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus neocaldensis Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 140 (1946).</p> <p>≡ Paepalanthus caldensis Silveira, Floral. Mont. 1: 186, tab. 120 (1928), nom. illeg., non Malme (1901). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “In humidis prope Poços de Caldas, April 1922, Silveira 727 (lectotype R, designated by Trovó &amp; Sano 2010).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D2445466492EDCDE9FDCA063FF70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D2445467492EDCDE9807A401FE68.text	03E0D2445467492EDCDE9807A401FE68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus strictus Koern.	<div><p>Paepalanthus strictus Koern. in Martius &amp; Eichler, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 319 (1863)</p> <p>≡ Dupatya stricta (Koern.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 746 (1891). Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Crescenti in prov. Minarum”, s.d., Gardner 5258 (lectotype, here designated: B!, duplicates: G!, P!).</p> <p>Koernicke (1963) described Paepalanthus strictus based on two collections. The specimen Gardner 5258 in B is more complete and contains annotations by the author, thus is here designated as the lectotype.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D2445467492EDCDE9807A401FE68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D2445467492EDCDE98FFA0F5FD2A.text	03E0D2445467492EDCDE98FFA0F5FD2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus trichophyllus (Bong.) Koern.	<div><p>Paepalanthus trichophyllus (Bong.) Koern. in Martius &amp; Eichler, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 318 (1863)</p> <p>≡ Eriocaulon trichophyllum Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. -Pétersbourg, Ser. 6 Sci Math. 1: 636 (1831)</p> <p>≡ Dupatya trichophylla (Bong.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 746 (1891). Type: BRAZIL: “Brasilia, s.d., Riedel s.n. (holotype: LE!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D2445467492EDCDE98FFA0F5FD2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D24454604929DCDE9DA1A3CDFABA.text	03E0D24454604929DCDE9DA1A3CDFABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus acanthophyllus Ruhland 1903	<div><p>Paepalanthus acanthophyllus Ruhland in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 186. tab. 24 (1903).</p> <p>Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Entre Rio Torto et Sobradinho, dans le sable, 25 May 1895, Glaziou 22323 (holotype: B!, isotypes: B!, C!, G!, K!, LE!, NY!, P!).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D24454604929DCDE9DA1A3CDFABA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
03E0D24454634929DCDE99EFA24BFBAC.text	03E0D24454634929DCDE99EFA24BFBAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paepalanthus (sect. Diphyomene) Ruhland 1903	<div><p>Paepalanthus sect. Diphyomene Ruhland in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 184 (1903).</p> <p>Lectotype (here designated): Paepalanthus urbanianus Ruhland.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus (Diphyomene) [unranked] Vestiti Ruhland in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 184 (1903). Lectotype (here designated): Paepalanthus acanthophyllus Ruhland, syn. nov.</p> <p>= Paepalanthus (Diphyomene) [unranked] Foliosi Ruhland in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 184 (1903). Lectotype (here designated): Paepalanthus urbanianus Ruhland, syn. nov.</p> <p>Herbs, 0.4– 3 m. Rhizome present, aerial stem 0.5–5.0 cm long. Rosette leaves persistent or deciduous when flowering, linear to lanceolate, flat, patent to contort, 1.5–35.0 × 0.1–3.0 cm, glabrous or hairy on both surfaces, margin entire, ciliate or glabrous, apex rounded to acuminate. Reproductive axis elongate, erect, 17– 295 cm long, 0.2–2.0 cm diam., glabrous; reproductive axis bracts linear to lanceolate, chartaceous, recurved to erect 1.5–15.0 × 0.3–2.0 cm, glabrous or hairy on both surfaces, apex round to acuminate, margin entire, ciliate or glabrous, base semi-amplexicaul to amplexicaul. Spathes 2.0– 8.5 cm long, glabrous, apex opening oblique, acute. Scapes 10–850, arranged in spherical to obconical umbels, 18–32 cm long, glabrous. Capitula 0.5–1.5 cm diam., discoid to semi-spherical; involucral bracts in 3 to 5 series, light-brown to dark-brown, obovate to ovate, concave, ca. 0.3 cm long., glabrous, margin ciliate or glabrous, apex obtuse to acute; receptacle semi-spherical, hairy. Flowers dimerous, 50 to 350 per capitulum; floral bracts linear, light-brown to dark-brown, concave, hairy or glabrous on the abaxial surface, ciliate or glabrous toward the apex, apex acute; staminate flowers ca. 0.3 cm long; pedicel ca. 0.1 cm long, with long hairs; sepals navicular, lightbrown to golden, hairy or glabrous on the abaxial surface, ciliate toward the apex, apex rounded to acute; anthophore carnose, elongated; corolla tubular, hyaline, membranaceous; stamens free; anthers dithecoustetrasporangiate, pistillodes 2, papillose; pistillate flowers disposed in concentric bands, ca. 0.3 cm, sessile; sepals dolabriform, light-brown to golden, hairy or glabrous on abaxial surface, ciliate toward the apex, apex obtuse; petals obovate, membranaceous to carnose, hyaline, hairy or glabrous on abaxial surface, ciliate or glabrous toward the apex, apex rounded to acute; gynoecium with bifid stigmatic branches and simple nectariferous branches; staminodes absent. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with reticulate surface, red to brown.</p> <p>Bongard (1831) described the first six Brazilian species of Eriocaulon L. as bearing dimerous flowers, three of them under the Staminibus duobus [unranked] taxon. Koernicke (1863) described Paepalanthus subgen. Dimeranthus Koernicke (1863: 312) to accommodate these species. Koernicke (1863) also described five new species, reduced to the status of synonym under those described earlier by Kunth (1841) and Steudel (1855), and constructed the first identification key for the species of this group. In this key, Koernicke (1863) distributed all into three groups: plants with short stems, plants with robust and elongated stems, and plants with gracile and elongated stems. The species belonging to Paepalanthus subgen. Dimeranthus were placed by Ruhland (1903) into three categories of his Paepalanthus subgen. Paepalocephalus Ruhland (1903: 122) (which should be correctly named Paepalanthus subgen. Paepalanthus, as it includes the type of Paepalanthus): Paepalanthus sect. Conodiscus Ruhland (1903: 181), Paepalanthus sect. Eriocaulopsis [unranked] Dimeri Ruhland (1903: 166), and P. sect. Diphyomene, the latter being subdivided into two categories: Paepalanthus [unranked] Vestiti Ruhland (1903: 184), with equal-sized leaves along the stem, and Paepalanthus [unranked] Foliosi Ruhland (1903: 184), with leaves of different sizes on both the stem and the basal rosette. Besides the supra-specific categories, Ruhland (1903) also described three new species and three new varieties.</p> <p>Later, most taxonomic papers dealing with P. section Diphyomene were descriptions of new taxa. Herzog (1924) described Paepalanthus chiquitensis Herzog, from Bolivia, besides extending the distribution of the group. Silveira (1908, 1928) described four species and three varieties based on his own collections from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Moldenke (1952, 1964, 1971, 1974, 1978, 1983, 1987) described two species, seven varieties and two forms, the majority occurring in Brazilian savannas. Schultes (1954) described Paepalanthus moldenkeanus R.E.Schultes collected in Colombian savannas. Sano (2004) proposed a new name for the homonym Paepalanthus speciosus (Bong.) Koern. Finally, Trovó &amp; Sano (2010) designated a lectotype for Paepalanthus neocaldensis Moldenke, and considered this name as synonymous of Paepalanthus flaccidus (Bong.) Kunth.</p> <p>Trovó et al. (2010) when detailing the morphology and anatomy of inflorescences in P. sect. Diphyomene, concluded that there are two inflorescence types in this group, implying a further division. Species of the socalled group A correspond to those described by Koernicke (1863) as having robust, elongated stems, whereas those of group B correspond to the species having gracile, elongated stems (Koernicke 1863). Trovó et al. (2010) also pointed out that group A species may be monocarpic and have leaves arranged in a basal rosette during the vegetative period, whereas group B species are always perennial and never present leaves in rosette form. Thus, with the morphological and life history evidence now available, the distinction proposed by Ruhland (1903) is of limited taxonomic value, only reflecting characters observed in herbarium reproductive collections.</p> <p>Paepalanthus section Diphyomene comprises 10 species distributed throughout savannas and rocky outcrops in tropical South America. The center of species diversity is located in the savannas of the Brazilian state of Goiás. Most species are narrowly distributed and the limit of geographical distribution is given only by the distribution of Paepalanthus chiquitensis and Paepalanthus erectifolius Silveira.</p> <p>In Paepalanthus section Diphyomene, inflorescences are spherical to obconical umbellate, arranged in a tribotryum with a terminal dibotryum, terminal basic unit and pherophylls (Trovó et al. 2010). The inflorescence structure in this group seems to be unique within Eriocaulaceae and represents a possible synapomorphy for this group. The following features are also important to distinguish this section from other groups in the Paepalanthus: dimerous flowers, pistillate flowers with dolabriform sepals, bifid stigmatic branches and absent staminodes, and staminate flower with an elongated anthophore. The necessary typifications and taxonomic changes are presented below.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D24454634929DCDE99EFA24BFBAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Trovó, Marcelo;Sano, Paulo Takeo	Trovó, Marcelo, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2010): Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4
