taxonID	type	description	language	source
A21087ACFFA4490FFF5869F4FAC7FB46.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, entre a portaria principal a partir de São Roque de Minas e a nascente do Rio São Francisco, 20 ° 15 ’ 40.7 ” S, 46 ° 25 ’ 37.3 ” W, 1370 m, 8 January 2007 (fl), Batista, Mota, Faria & Borges 1794 (holotype: BHCB, isotypes: AMES, CEN, MBM, RB, SP). Terrestrial herb. Tuber and roots not examined. Stem erect or slightly sinuose, 26 – 53 cm long, including the inflorescence, 1.0 – 2.2 (– 2.6) mm wide. Leaves 5 – 8, erect, spreading, widest at the middle, straight, linear, 4.5 – 18.0 × 0.2 – 0.5 cm, narrowly acute, conduplicate, somewhat papery, non-membranous. Inflorescence 4 – 15 cm long, few to many-flowered, lax, usually one-sided; bracts elliptic, caudate, 5.0 – 23.0 (– 27.5) × 3.5 – 5.0 mm, about the same size as the ovary and pedicel. Flowers 3 – 27, greenish; ovary and pedicel (7 –) 9 – 11 mm long; ovary slightly arched, 6 – 9 mm long, pedicel 1 mm long. Sepals green, discretely mucronate, margins whitish, smooth; dorsal sepal concave, when flattened elliptic, 4.0 – 6.0 (– 7.0) × 3.0 – 4.0 (– 4.5) mm; lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate or obliquely elliptic, acute, reflexed or deflexed, 4.0 – 6.0 (– 7.0) × 1.5 – 2.0 mm. Petals bipartite, green, base whitish, turning light green towards the segments apices; posterior segment linear-falcate, (3.5 –) 4.0 – 5.0 (– 6.0) × 0.8 – 1.0 (– 1.3) mm, acute, adherent to the dorsal sepal; anterior segment erect, linear-filiform, inserted at the base of the posterior segment, (5.0 –) 6.0 – 8.0 (– 9.5) mm long. Lip tripartite, green, base whitish, turning light green towards the segments apices, undivided basal part short, 0.5 – 1.0 mm long; lateral lobes perpendicular to midlobe, erect, linear-filiform, (6 –) 7 – 10 (– 11) mm long; midlobe linear, straight, 3.5 – 5.5 (– 7.0) × 0.8 – 1.0 mm. Spur deflexed, free from the bracts, slightly clavate, shorter than the ovary and pedicel, (3.0 –) 4.0 – 4.5 mm long, base 0.5 – 0.8 mm wide, whitish, apex 0.8 – 1.0 (– 1.3) mm wide, green. Column erect, 1.5 mm high; connective emarginate, green; auricles fleshy, verrucose, whitish, 1.0 × 0.7 – 1.1 mm. Anther locules 0.7 – 0.8 mm high, canals obscure, 0.0 – 0.3 mm long; hemipollinaria 2, separate, 0.8 mm long each; viscidia rounded, dorsiventrally flat, 0.2 × 0.2 mm, ca. 0.2 mm apart from each other; caudicles, 0.3 – 0.4 mm long; pollinia 0.4 mm long. Stigma lobes 2, base parallel, apices in contact to each other, 1.5 – 2.3 mm long, receptive part green, 1.1 – 1.3 mm long, slightly convex, turned upwards, inner margins thickened, apices with a short protrusion that touches the rostellum midlobe, dividing the entrance of the spur into two openings; rostellum 1.0 – 1.3 mm long, green; midlobe triangular, fleshy, acute, 0.7 mm long, 0.8 – 1.1 mm high, apex curved frontwards, completely situated between anther locules or partially projecting beyond; lateral lobes apically convergent, 0.4 – 0.5 mm long.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA4490FFF5869F4FAC7FB46.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — The new species ranges from Chapada dos Veadeiros in the central plateau to Serra da Canastra in southwestern Minas Gerais, encompassing approximately 700 km in the north-south direction. However, it is known from just five localities: Chapada dos Veadeiros, Serra dos Pirineus, and Cristalina in Goiás, Serra da Canastra in Minas Gerais and Chapada da Contagem in the Federal District, all tropical upland grasslands. In a published account of Orchidaceae of the Federal District (Batista & Bianchetti 2003), H. psammophila was listed as H. aff. cultellifolia Barbosa Rodrigues (1877: 155). Habitat, ecology and phenology: — The new species has a range of 1200 – 1400 m, growing in sandy, shallow, seasonally wet grasslands, usually associated with murundus or campos rupestres vegetation. In Serra da Canastra other Habenaria species such as H. caldensis Kraenzlin (1892: 128), H. pseudoculicina, H. cf. nuda Lindley (1835: 312), H. magniscutata Catling (1987: 760), H. guilleminii Reichenbach f. (1847: 375) and other terrestrial orchid species such as Platythelys paranaensis (Kraenzlin 1911: 42) Garay (1977: 197) and Lyroglossa grisebachii (Cogniaux 1895: 207) Schlechter (1921: 27) occur in the same habitats and flower at approximately the same time. In the central plateau H. psammophila is sympatric with Habenaria pasbtii J. A. N. Bat. & Bianch. (Batista et al. 2003: 397), H. imbricata Lindley (1835: 313) and other orchid species such as Liparis bifolia Cogniaux (1895: 289). Flowering occurs from the peak to the end of the rainy season, from January to March, and is usually accompanied by brushfires during the dry season. All collections of the species by the authors were made in areas previously burned. In some localities large numbers of flowering specimens were observed.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA4490FFF5869F4FAC7FB46.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From the Greek psammo (sand) and philus (loving), referring to the sandy soils where the species grows. Conservation status: — Using the World Conservation Union Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2001), H. psammophila would be classified as Least Concern. The species has a broad distribution, and although it is know from just five localities it is locally common; three of these areas, Serra da Canastra, Chapada dos Veadeiros and Serra dos Pirineus, are protected as national or state parks. Lastly it is unlikely to suffer collection pressure from orchid enthusiasts. Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Chapada da Contagem, Cachoeiras de Mumunhas, 31 March 1995 (fl), Batista & Bianchetti 569 (CEN); Chapada da Contagem, 21 March 1973 (fl), Heringer 12773 (UB, HB); Chapada da Contagem, 15 February 1973 (fl), Heringer 12850 (HB); Goiás: Pirenópolis, 31 March 1990 (fl), Batista & Salles 073 (CEN); Pirenópolis, 31 March 1990 (fl), Batista & Salles 074 (CEN); Chapada dos Veadeiros, 27 January 1993 (fl), Batista & Bianchetti 385 (CEN); Cristalina, BR- 040, cerca de 4 – 5 km N de Cristalina, 11 March 1999 (fl), Batista & Bianchetti 882 (CEN); Chapada dos Veadeiros, 20 – 25 km a noroeste de Cavalcante, 21 February 1997 (fl), Batista et al. 717 (CEN); Alto Paraíso, Chapada dos Veadeiros, GO- 118, km 187, ca. de 21 km ao N de Alto Paraíso, 25 March 2001 (fl), Batista et al. 1229 (CEN); Alto Paraíso, Chapada dos Veadeiros, GO- 118, 27 km N de Alto Paraíso em direção a Teresina de Goiás, 13 º 56 ’ 41.9 ” S, 47 º 27 ’ 12.9 ” W, 1490 m, 4 February 2010, Batista et al. 2953 (BHCB); Pirenópolis, 27 March 1991 (fl), Bianchetti et al. 1156 (CEN); Pirenópolis, estrada velha Pirenópolis- Cocalzinho, a 5.6 km de Pirenópolis, 22 February 1993 (fl), Bianchetti 1466 (CEN); Alto Paraíso, GO- 118, Serra da Baliza, topo do morro, 15 March 1995 (fl), Cavalcanti et al. 1384 (CEN, SP, SPF); Chapada dos Veadeiros, 16 February 1979 (fl), Gates & Estabrook 229 (UB); Alto Paraíso, GO- 12, Chapada dos Veadeiros, 1300 – 1500 m, 20 February 1975 (fl), Hatschbach et al. 36360 (MBM, NY); 15 – 20 km O de Alto Paraíso, GO- 118, 1400 – 1500 m, 13 February 1990 (fl), Hatschbach et al. 53944 (MBM); Cristalina, 2 February 1967 (fl), Heringer 11328 (UB); Chapada dos Veadeiros, 8 February 1966 (fl), Irwin et al. 12360 (UB); Cristalina, 2 March 1966 (fl), Irwin et al. 13312 (NY); Chapada dos Veadeiros, 10 km S of Alto Paraíso, 21 March 1969 (fl), Irwin et al. 24869 (HB, NY, UB); Alto Paraíso, 19 March 1971 (fl), Irwin et al. 32176 (NY); Chapada dos Veadeiros, 25 March 1971 (fl), Irwin et al. 33176 (UB); Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, 13 o 37 ' 29 '' S, 47 o 32 ' 01 '' W, 21 February 1997, Oliveira et al. s. n. (UB); Cristalina, 16 o 46 ’ S, 47 o 37 ’ W, 1050 m, ca. 5 km da cidade, estrada para Paracatu, 4 February 1987 (fl), Pirani et al. 1576 (SPF); Serra Topázio, 20 km de Cristalina, 15 February 1973 (fl), Rizzo 8810 (UFG); Pirenópolis, 31 March 1990 (fl), Salles 1657 (HEPH); Alto Paraíso, 6 February 1993 (fl), Salles 1863 (HEPH); Alto Paraíso, 6 February 1993 (fl), Salles 1867 (HEPH); Chapada dos Veadeiros, 16 February 1979 (fl), Sano 063 (UB); 17,4 km da estrada Alto Paraíso / Colinas, fazenda Salto, 1300 m, 23 February 1991 (fl), Walter et al. 649 (IBGE); Minas Gerais: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, estrada São Roque de Minas - Sacramento, em direção a Sacramento, cerca de 4 km após a portaria São Roque, 12 March 2000 (fl), Batista & Lemos 1064 (CEN); 6.9 km a partir da portaria principal de São Roque de Minas, em direção a Sacramento, cerca de 1.1 – 1.3 km após a nascente do Rio São Francisco, 20 ° 13 ' 57.4 " S, 46 ° 26 ' 36.7 " W, 1407 m, 9 January 2007 (fl), Batista et al. 1807 (BHCB); estrada São Roque - Sacramento, km 55, 22 February 1997 (fl), Nakajima et al. 2273 (HUFU); próximo a sede administrativa, 11 January 1996 (fl), Romero et al. 3248 (HUFU); morro antes do Córrego dos Passageiros, 10 January 1998 (fl), Romero et al. 4964 (HUFU). This is one of the several new species of Habenaria that was first collected in the sixties during the botanical exploration of the Brazilian central plateau that followed the founding of Brasília; it remained overlooked until now. As far as we could determine H. psammophila was first collected by Howard S. Irwin in 1966 in Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás. Guido F. J. Pabst, the most prominent orchid taxonomist in Brazil at that time, examined several collections of H. psammophila but misidentified them as H. culicina Reichenbach f. & Warming (1881: 79), H. armata Reichenbach f. (1854: 10), H. alpestris Cogniaux (1893: 74), H. nasuta Reichenbach f. & Warm. (1881: 80), and H. confusa Cogniaux (1893: 65), the former a synonym of H. secundiflora Barbosa Rodrigues (1881: 252). These mistakes probably reflected the poor characterization of these species at that time and prevented the recognition of H. psammophila as a new species before. Despite these misidentifications the species to which H. psammophila seems most similar is H. cultellifolia. In both species the leaves are linear, erect, straight, spread, somewhat papery, non-membranous, and conduplicated. However, the two species differ in length of pedicel and ovary (7 – 11 mm long in H. psammophila versus 14 – 19 mm long in H. cultellifolia) and size of spur (3.0 – 4.5 mm long in H. psammophila versus 10 – 15 mm long in H. cultellifolia). Habenaria culicina, H. alpestris, H. secundiflora and H. armata differ from H. psammophila in their habits. The first three species have linear leaves which are adpressed to the stem along most of its length (versus spread in H. psammophila). In H. armata the leaves are lanceolate to oblong, and concentrated at the base of the stem. The identification as H. nasuta is unwarranted, since this species has much larger flowers (dorsal sepal 13 – 19 × 8 – 11 mm) and longer lateral segments of the petals and lip (25 – 55 mm long).	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA0490DFF586F55FCFBFAC9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, 6.9 km a partir da portaria principal de São Roque de Minas, em direção a Sacramento, cerca de 1.1 – 1.3 km após a nascente do Rio São Francisco, 20 ° 13 ' 54.5 " S, 46 ° 26 ' 36.2 " W, 1422 m, 9 January 2007 (fl), Batista, Mota, Faria & Borges 1808 (holotype: BHCB, isotypes: AMES, CEN, MBM, RB, SP). Terrestrial herb. Tuber and roots not examined. Stem erect, (10 –) 18 – 38 (– 44) cm long, including the inflorescence, 0.6 – 1.0 (– 1.3) mm wide. Leaves 5 – 7, erect, spreading, widest at the middle, linear, acuminate, (3.5 –) 5.5 – 12.0 (– 16.0) × 0.2 – 0.4 cm. Inflorescence 5.0 – 10.5 (– 13.5) cm long, few to many flowered, onesided; bracts lanceolate, apiculate, 5.0 – 24.0 (– 30.0) × 4.1 – 5.2 mm, about the same size as the ovary and pedicel. Flowers 4 – 9 (– 14), green; ovary and pedicel mostly parallel to the rachis, 12 – 15 mm long, ovary slightly arched, 8.9 – 10.3 mm long, pedicel 2.7 – 5.0 mm long. Sepals green, acute, margins smooth; dorsal sepal slightly concave, when flattened ovate, 2.7 – 4.0 × 2.5 – 3.0 mm; lateral sepals obliquely falcate, subacute, reflexed, 4.0 – 5.0 × 1.6 – 1.8 mm. Petals bipartite, light green, whitish basally, green apically; posterior segment falcate, 2.8 – 3.8 × 1.0 – 1.2 mm, acute, free from the dorsal sepal; anterior segment reflexed, linear-filiform, inserted at the base of the posterior segment, 5.0 – 6.5 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm, about 1.7 times as long as the posterior segment. Lip tripartite, basally whitish, apically light green, basal part undivided; side lobes reflexed, linearfiliform, 5.0 – 7.5 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm, 1.3 to 1.4 times as long as the midlobe; midlobe linear, slightly recurved, 3.5 – 5.0 × 0.8 – 1.1 mm. Spur slightly projecting forward, totally or partially covered by bracts, slightly clavate, shorter than ovary and pedicel, 8.0 – 11.7 mm long, light green, base 0.3 – 0.5 mm wide, apex 0.7 – 0.9 mm wide. Column erect, 1.4 – 1.7 mm long; connective emarginate, green; auricles fleshy, verrucose, whitish, 0.8 – 1.1 × 0.3 – 0.6 mm, apex truncate. Anther locules 0.9 – 1.2 mm long, canals short; hemipollinaria 2, joined by the viscidia. Stigma lobes 2, closely parallel, 1.4 – 1.6 (– 2.0) mm long, greenish, receptive part 0.70 – 0.90 × 0.50 – 0.55 mm, flat, turned upwards, obtuse, margins thickened; rostellum 1.1 mm long, greenish; midlobe triangular, fleshy, obtuse, 0.6 mm long, 0.7 mm high, located between the anther locules; side lobes apically convergent, 0.5 mm long.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA0490DFF586F55FCFBFAC9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Known only from Serra da Canastra National Park in southwestern Minas Gerais. Habitat, ecology and phenology: — Habenaria pseudoculicina grows in seasonally wet meadows, with dark, sandy, shallow soil, frequently associated with rock outcrops. The soil is moist during the rainy season, usually accumulating surface water, but dries to a greater or lesser extent during the dry season. Habenaria pseudoculicina is sympatric with H. psammophila, but prefers wetter sites, whereas the latter is usually found in dryer places at the borders of the moist fields. Flowering occurs from the peak to the end of the rainy season, from January to March. All collections of the species by the authors where made in previously burned areas.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA0490DFF586F55FCFBFAC9.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The new species name is a reference to the general similarity with H. culicina. Conservation status: — Using the World Conservation Union Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2001) H. pseudoculicina can tentatively be classified as endangered, due to its limited geographic range [B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii)]. Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, estrada São Roque de Minas - Sacramento, em direção a Sacramento, cerca de 4 km após a portaria São Roque, 12 March 2000 (fl), Batista & Lemos 1062 (CEN); estrada em direção a Cachoeira Casca D’Anta, cerca de 0.7 km após a entrada para a cachoeira a partir da estrada São Roque de Minas - Sacramento, 12 March 2000 (fl), Batista & Lemos 1066 (CEN); área da Babilônia do projeto Tamanduá, 20 March 1990 (fl), Sousa s. n. (BHCB 17936). Habenaria pseudoculicina is similar to H. culicina in vegetative and floral morphology. The main distinctive characters are the leaves (spreading and 2 – 4 mm wide in H. pseudoculicina versus adpressed to the stem and up to 6 mm wide in H. culicina), length of the pedicel (2.7 – 5.0 mm long in H. pseudoculicina versus 1.0 – 2.0 mm long in H. culicina) and the length of the petal anterior segment relative to the posterior segment (1.7 times as long as the posterior segment in H. pseudoculicina versus 2.3 to 2.6 times as long as the posterior segment in H. culicina). Other differences are found in the gynostemium: in H. pseudoculicina the column is longer (1.4 – 1.7 mm versus approximately 1.3 mm in H. culicina), auricles are smaller than anther locules (versus about the same size in H. culicina), and the free part of the stigma lobes are turned upwards and perpendicular relative to the anther locules (versus curved forwards and approximately at 180 o with the anther locules in H. culicina). Lastly, the two species differ in relation to habitat. Habenaria pseudoculicina is typical of seasonally wet meadows (campo limpo estacionalmente úmido), with shallow, dark, sandy soil, whereas H. culicina grows in dry, open, grassy fields (campo limpo seco), grass-herb-subshrub field (campo sujo seco), over deep, well drained, reddish, clay oxisols, and dry campo rupestre (seco). Habenaria pseudoculicina is also similar to H. canastrensis. Both species are endemic to Serra da Canastra, occur in similar habitats, and flower at approximately the same time. However, they differ in habit (leaves spreading and (3.5 –) 5.5 – 12.0 (– 16.0) cm long in H. pseudoculicina versus adpressed to the stem and 2.5 – 8.0 (– 13.0) cm long in H. canastrensis), length of ovary and pedicel (12.0 – 15.0 mm long in H. pseudoculicina versus 7.0 – 10.5 mm long in H. canastrensis), length of the lip side lobes (5.0 – 7.5 mm in H. pseudoculicina versus 3.0 – 5.0 mm in H. canastrensis), and length of the spur (8.0 – 11.7 mm in H. pseudoculicina versus 3.7 – 4.8 mm in H. canastrensis).	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	description	Ad Habenariam culicinam accedit sed petalorum segmento anteriore proportione breviore (1.2 – 1.3 - plo segmenti posterioris longitudinem) et calcari minore (3.7 – 4.8 mm), breviore quam ovario et pedicello, differt. Etiam H. sancti-simonensi similis sed distinguitur sepalorum lateralium apice non aristato. Ac distinguitur ab H. pseudoculicina ovario et pedicello minoribus (7.0 – 10.5 mm) atque calcari breviore.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, cerca de 35 km a partir da portaria principal de São Roque de Minas em direção a Sacramento, 20 ° 11 ’ 53.2 ” S, 46 ° 38 ’ 47.4 ” W, 1349 m, 13 December 2007 (fl), Batista & Carvalho 2344 (holotype: BHCB, isotype: CEN).	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	description	Terrestrial herb. Tuber and roots not examined. Stem erect, 18 – 43 cm long, including inflorescence, 0.6 – 1.8 (– 2.0) mm wide. Leaves (3 –) 4 – 5 (– 6), erect, adpressed to the stem, widest at the middle, linear-ensiform, 2.5 – 8.0 (– 13.0) × 0.3 – 0.4 cm, membranous, soft. Inflorescence (2.3 –) 3.0 – 17.0 (– 21.0) cm long, spiral; bracts ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, 3.5 – 13.0 (– 35.0) × 2.8 – 3.8 mm, the lowest ones about same size or longer than ovary and pedicel, decreasing in size apically. Flowers 3 – 25 (– 37), green; ovary and pedicel mostly parallel to rachis, 7.0 – 10.5 mm long, ovary slightly arched, 5.0 – 8.5 mm long, pedicel 1 – 2 mm long. Sepals green, acute, margins smooth; dorsal sepal concave, when flattened slightly ovate, 3.5 – 4.3 (– 5.0) × 2.8 – 3.5 mm; lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate, subacute, reflexed, 3.7 – 4.5 (– 5.2) × 1.1 – 1.5 mm, mucronate. Petals bipartite, basally whitish, turning apically green; posterior portion falcate, 3.0 – 4.0 × 1.0 – 1.5 mm, subacute, free from the dorsal sepal; anterior segment reflexed, linear-filiform, inserted a few mm higher in the posterior segment, 3.6 – 5.3 × 0.3 – 0.4 mm, 1.2 to 1.3 times as long as the posterior segment. Lip tripartite, base whitish, turning light green apically, undivided basal portion short, 0.3 – 0.5 × 0.7 – 1.2 mm; side lobes erect, reflexed, linearfiliform, 3.0 – 5.0 × 0.3 – 0.4 mm, 1.2 to 1.3 times as long as the midlobe; midlobe linear, straight, 4.0 – 6.0 × 0.5 – 0.9 mm. Spur slightly projecting forward, free from the bracts, slightly clavate, shorter than ovary and pedicel, 3.7 – 4.8 × 0.5 – 1.0 mm, base 0.3 – 0.4 mm wide, whitish, apex 0.4 – 0.9 mm wide, green. Column erect, 1.4 – 1.7 mm long; connective emarginate, light green; auricles fleshy, verrucose, whitish, 0.7 – 0.8 × 0.2 – 0.3 mm. Anther locules 1.2 – 1.3 mm long, canals short; hemipollinaria 2, joined by the viscidia. Stigma lobes 2, closely parallel, oblong, 1 – 1.3 mm long, greenish, receptive part ca. 0.6 × 0.3 mm each, flat, turned upwards, obtuse, margins slightly protruding; rostellum 0.8 mm long, greenish; midlobe triangular, fleshy, obtuse, erect, situated between the anther locules, 0.4 mm long; side lobes convergent apically, 0.4 mm long.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Known only from Serra da Canastra National Park located in the southwestern part of Minas Gerais.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat, ecology and phenology: — Habenaria canastrensis grows in seasonally wet meadows, with dark, shallow soil, frequently associated with rock outcrops. Flowering occurs during the peak of the rainy season from December to January. Like other terrestrial species of Orchidaceae and Habenaria from tropical grasslands, fires during the dry season promote flowering, as great concentrations of flowering individuals were always observed in previously burned areas.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after Serra da Canastra.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: — Using the World Conservation Union Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2001) H. pseudoculicina can tentatively be classified as endangered due to the limited geographic range [B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii)]. However, although the species is known only from the Chapadão da Canastra in the Serra da Canastra National Park, it is locally common and widespread in that area.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, entre a portaria principal a partir de São Roque de Minas e a nascente do Rio São Francisco, 20 ° 15 ’ 40.7 ” S, 46 ° 25 ’ 37.3 ” W, 1370 m, 8 January 2007 (fl), Batista et al. 1801 (BHCB); 6.9 km a partir da portaria principal de São Roque de Minas, em direção a Sacramento, cerca de 1.1 – 1.3 km após a nascente do Rio São Francisco, 20 ° 14 ' 01.1 " S, 46 ° 26 ' 40.1 " W, 1380 m, 9 January 2007 (fl), Batista et al. 1806 (BHCB); cerca de 30 km a partir da portaria principal de São Roque de Minas, em direção a Sacramento, campos a esquerda da estrada a partir da entrada da Casca D'Anta, 20 ° 16 ' 03.1 " S, 46 ° 33 ' 23.3 " W, 1425 m, 10 January 2007 (fl), Batista et al. 1825 (BHCB); 1 January 1999 (fl), Bertioli 15 (CEN); Guarita de Sacramento, 11 January 1998 (fl), Romero et al. 4982 (HUFU).	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	diagnosis	Habenaria canastrensis is similar to H. culicina. However, the two species differ in the length of the petal anterior segment relative to the posterior segment (1.2 to 1.3 times as long in H. canastrensis versus 2.3 to 2.6 times as long in H. culicina) and length of the spur (3.7 – 4.8 mm and shorter than the ovary and pedicel in H. canastrensis versus 7.0 – 8.0 mm and approximately the same length as the ovary and pedicel in H. culicina). The two species also differ in relation to habitat. Habenaria canastrensis is typical of seasonally wet meadows (campo limpo estacionalmente úmido), whereas H. culicina grows in dry, open, grassy fields (campo limpo seco), grass-herb-subshrub field (campo sujo seco), over deep, well-drained, reddish, clay latosoils, and dry rocky field vegetation (campo rupestre seco). Habenaria canastrensis is also similar to H. pseudoculicina, but the two species can be differentiated by the characters outlined for H. pseudoculicina. Another species to which H. canastrensis can be compared is H. sancti-simonensis Hoehne (1915: 37), known only from the type material from Mato Grosso, but plants of H. canastrensis are smaller (18 – 43 cm high including the inflorescence versus 40 – 60 cm in H. sancti-simonensis) and apices of the lateral sepals mucronate (versus aristate in H. sancti-simonensis). Hoehne (1940) considered H. sancti-simonensis a synonym of H. culicina. However, H. sancti-simonensis seems to be closely related to H. ludibundiciliata J. A. N. Batista & Bianchetti (2006: 9) also characterized by the aristate sepals, a character absent in H. culicina.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
A21087ACFFA24901FF586FAEFA72FC74.taxon	discussion	Among the material examined of H. canastrensis, one population represented by the collection Batista et al. 1825 had some distinctive characters. The plants were collected in full bloom in January 2007 when all other populations of the species found in the park had no good flowers left and were in fruit; they occurred on a steep rocky field, were overall smaller (10 – 30 cm high) and bore fewer flowers (3 – 6); the spur was also slightly longer and clavate (4.9 – 6.2 × 0.6 – 1.2 mm). Due to these differences, measurements of the specimens of this population were not included in the description of H. canastrensis until the exact taxonomic status of this material is determined. According to the sectional treatment of Habenaria in Flora Brasiliensis (Cogniaux, 1893) the three new species should be placed in H. section Nudae Cogniaux (1893: 21). However, a phylogenetic analysis of the New World species based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences indicated that as currently circumscribed H. sect. Nudae is polyphyletic, and further studies are necessary to determine relationships for these three new species. Mountain areas throughout the world are recognized centers of plant diversity and endemism. In Brazil, the Serra da Canastra is particularly interesting due to its intermediate location between the Brazilian central plateau and the Serra da Mantiqueira range; however, the floristic composition and affinities of the region have not been studied in details. A preliminary survey identified 45 species of plants, belonging to several families, endemic to Serra da Canastra National Park (Romero & Nakajima 1999). However, since Orchidaceae were not included in that study, H. canastrensis and H. pseudoculicina are the first records of endemic taxa of Orchidaceae for Serra da Canastra and further highlight the rich endemic flora of the region.	en	Batista, João A. N., Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J., Bianchetti, Luciano B. (2010): Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 13: 27-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
