identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
527F5B670A69CF758D9B1B7AFA770C9E.text	527F5B670A69CF758D9B1B7AFA770C9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Areca Linnaeus (1753: 1189	<div><p>Areca Linnaeus (1753: 1189)</p> <p>Three species of Areca are currently recognized from Vietnam (Henderson 2009): Areca triandra Roxburgh in Buchanan-Hamilton (1826: 310), A. laosensis Beccari (1910: 191), and the cultivated A. catechu Linnaeus (1753: 1189). Areca triandra is widespread in Vietnam and elsewhere in southeast Asia. It is morphologically variable and several forms, including a rheophytic one, are known. Areca laosensis is an enigmatic species, known from only two specimens – one from Laos (collected in 1877) and one from southern Vietnam (collected in 1923). Recently we have collected a fourth species in central Vietnam, which we describe here.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/527F5B670A69CF758D9B1B7AFA770C9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henderson, Andrew;Ban, Ninh Khac;Thanh, Bui Van	Henderson, Andrew, Ban, Ninh Khac, Thanh, Bui Van (2010): New species of Areca, Pinanga, and Licuala (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 8: 34-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.3
527F5B670A69CF778D9B18FAFCCB0FDF.text	527F5B670A69CF778D9B18FAFCCB0FDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Areca songthanhensis A. J. Hend., N. K. Ban & B. V. Thanh	<div><p>Areca songthanhensis A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban &amp; B.V.Thanh, sp. nov. (Plate 1)</p> <p>A Areca triandra caulibus solitarius foliis paucijugus et triadibus dispositis differt.</p> <p>Type:— VIETNAM. Quang Nam Province: Nam Giang District, Ta Bhing commune, Song Thanh Nature Reserve, road 14 D to Laos, 15˚39’ N, 107˚36’ E, 412 m. 12 March 2009, A. Henderson, B. V. Thanh, N. T. Vu &amp; C. Tuo 3569 (holotype: HN!, isotypes: K! NY!).</p> <p>Stems solitary, 1.2–1.5 m tall, 2 cm in diameter, green, without scales. Sheaths closed, forming crownshafts, 14–25 cm long, green; ocreas 1 cm long, early deciduous; petioles 13 cm long; rachises 47–49 cm long; pinnae 4–5 per side of rachis, middle pinnae 32–34 cm long, 7–9 cm wide at the middle, apical pinnae 16–21 cm long, 6–8 cm wide at the middle, praemorse. Inflorescences infrafoliar, erect, branched to 2 orders; peduncles 0.5–1.5 cm long, 0.5 cm wide; prophylls 13 cm long, splitting abaxially; rachises 6.5–9 cm long; proximal few first order branches of inflorescence have rachillae with staminate flowers only, other distal branches of inflorescence with a single pistillate flower borne at or very near the base, staminate flowers only distally; rachillae 43, 4– 7 cm long, glabrous; staminate flowers paired, borne on one side of the rachillae, 1.5 mm long, white; sepals 3, free, triangular, 0.7 mm long; petals 3, free, valvate, triangular, 1.4 mm long; stamens 3, dorsifixed; filaments 0.5 mm long; anthers sagittate, 0.7 mm long; pistillodes absent; pistillate flowers 1 per rachilla, borne at or very near the base of rachilla, 4.5 mm long; sepals 3, free, broadly imbricate, 4.5 mm long; petals 3, free, broadly imbricate, 4 mm long, beaked; fruits 3 cm long, 1.3 cm diameter, ellipsoid, beaked, red; endosperm ruminate.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: —Endemic to central Vietnam and known only from Quang Nam Province, growing in lowland forest at low elevations.</p> <p>Local names and uses: —None recorded.</p> <p>Additional specimen examined (paratype): — VIETNAM. Quang Nam: Nam Giang District, Ta Bhing commune, Song Thanh Nature Reserve, road 14 D to Laos, 15˚39’ N, 107˚36’ E, 412 m, 14 March 2009, Henderson et al. 3580 (HN, NY).</p> <p>Discussion: — Areca songthanhensis is similar to A. triandra but it is smaller in size, has solitary stems and fewer pinnae. The main difference, however, is in the inflorescences. In A. triandra the inflorescences are branched to three orders. Each rachilla has a single pistillate flower borne at the base (Plate 1). Beyond this flower the rachilla is slender and bears only staminate flowers. Some rachillae on distal parts of the inflorescence lack a pistillate flower, but first order branches on proximal parts of the inflorescence always have several rachillae with pistillate flowers. In A. songthanhensis the structure of the inflorescences is different. Inflorescences are branched to two orders. The proximal few branches on the rachis, the only ones branched to two orders, bear rachillae with staminate flowers only. Distal to these on the rachis are rachillae with a single pistillate flower borne at or near the very base, such that the pistillate flowers appears to be borne directly on the rachis (Plate 1).</p> <p>This inflorescence structure of Areca songthanhensis bears a superficial resemblance to that of specimens determined as A. montana Ridley (1907: 136) from peninsular Thailand and peninsular Malaysia, although the two occur more than 1,000 km apart. However, the branching pattern of the inflorescences of these specimens is exactly the same as in A. triandra, and inflorescence size and number of pinnae overlap with A. triandra (Lim &amp; Whitmore 2001). Because of this similarity in leaves and inflorescences, A. montana was placed as a synonym of A. triandra by Henderson (2009).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/527F5B670A69CF778D9B18FAFCCB0FDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henderson, Andrew;Ban, Ninh Khac;Thanh, Bui Van	Henderson, Andrew, Ban, Ninh Khac, Thanh, Bui Van (2010): New species of Areca, Pinanga, and Licuala (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 8: 34-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.3
527F5B670A6BCF778D9E183BFC8D0C9F.text	527F5B670A6BCF778D9E183BFC8D0C9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licuala Wurmb 1780	<div><p>Licuala Wurmb (1780: 469)</p> <p>Twenty-one species of Licuala are currently known from Vietnam (Henderson 2009). During recent field work in central Vietnam, the following species was discovered.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/527F5B670A6BCF778D9E183BFC8D0C9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henderson, Andrew;Ban, Ninh Khac;Thanh, Bui Van	Henderson, Andrew, Ban, Ninh Khac, Thanh, Bui Van (2010): New species of Areca, Pinanga, and Licuala (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 8: 34-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.3
527F5B670A6BCF718D9E18FBFEDB0917.text	527F5B670A6BCF718D9E18FBFEDB0917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licuala dakrongensis A. J. Hend., N. K. Ban & B. V. Thanh	<div><p>Licuala dakrongensis A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban &amp; B.V.Thanh, sp. nov. (Plate 2)</p> <p>A Licuala bachmaensis habitatio dissimilis rachilla et floribus glabris differt.</p> <p>Type:— VIETNAM. Quang Tri Province: Da Krong District, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.651" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.037/lat 16.651)">Da Krong Nature Reserve</a>, near Ba Long Commune, 16.651 N, 107.037 E, ca. 500 m, 28 February 2009, A. Henderson, B. V. Thanh, N. V. Thang &amp; T. M. Vu 3498 (holotype: HN!, isotypes: AAU! K! NY!).</p> <p>Stems solitary or clustered, 1–4 m tall, 5–8 cm in diameter, sometimes short and subterranean, often covered with persistent leaf bases. Leaves 16–21; leaf sheaths 12 cm long, with prominent, 20 cm long ocreas; petioles 1.3–2.5 m long, 0.5–0.6 cm wide near the apex, with small, black spines on basal one third to one half; blades 92–140 cm wide, split into 18–27 segments, these with straight sides, the central few remaining joined to one another distally; middle segments only slightly wider than the others, not split, strongly petiolulate, 51–74 cm long, 9–21 cm wide at the apex; indentations leading to adaxial folds 4–5.5 cm deep, those leading to abaxial folds 0.4–0.5 cm deep, indentations deeper on lateral segments. Plants monoecious. Inflorescences elongate, 1.65–2 m long, erect amongst the leaves but not exceeding them; prophylls 12–25 cm long; peduncles 40–77 cm long; rachis 50 cm or more long with 6–10 partial inflorescences, these branched to 2 orders, each subtended by a tubular bract, scarcely tattering at the apex, the proximal-most few partial inflorescences with 2, to 2 cm long bracteoles at point of insertion on rachis; rachillae 2–11 on each partial inflorescence, 11–20 cm long, 2 mm diameter, glabrous, with prominent floral stalks; flowers solitary or in groups; flower buds globose, 2–2.7 mm long; calyx tubular, 2 mm long, glabrous, briefly 3-lobed at the apex; corolla white, glabrous, not recurving at anthesis; flowers with 6 stamens, staminal ring very short, the filaments 0.3 mm long; anthers 0.3 mm long, style well developed. Fruits ellipsoid, 1.1 cm long, 0.5 cm diameter, with perianth appressed to base of the fruit.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to central Vietnam in Quang Tri, Quang Nam, Thua Thien-Hue, and Kon Tum Provinces, on slopes of mountains in broad-leafed, evergreen, primary closed forest on sandstone, shale, or granite rocks.</p> <p>Local names and uses:— ao toi, ke, la non. The leaves are used to make rain coats.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — VIETNAM. Quang Tri: Da Krong District, Da Krong Nature Reserve, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.662" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.935/lat 16.662)">Me Tre</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.662" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.935/lat 16.662)">Thuong Nguyen Commune</a>, 16.662 N, 106.935 E, ca. 400 m, 1 March 2009, Henderson et al. 3501 (AAU, HN, K, NY); 3502 (AAU, HN, K, NY). Quang Nam: Nam Giang District, Ta Bhing commune, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.66" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.665/lat 15.66)">Song Thanh Nature Reserve</a>, road 14 D to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.66" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.665/lat 15.66)">Laos</a>, 15.660 N, 107.665 E, 200 m, 11 March 2009, Henderson et al. 3559 (AAU, HN, K, NY); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.66" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.665/lat 15.66)">Giang District</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.66" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.665/lat 15.66)">Ha Ra</a>, 13 July 1986, LX-VN 2959 (HN). Thua Thien-Hue: A Luoi District, Sao La Nature Reserve, 16.077 N, 107.488 E, 892 m, 7 March 2009, Henderson et al. 3538 (HN, K, NY); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.488&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.077" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.488/lat 16.077)">Phu Loc District</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.488&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.077" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.488/lat 16.077)">Bach Ma National Park</a>, N slope of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.833336/lat 16.2)">Bach Ma mountain</a>, 16°12’N, 107°50’E, 400 m, 1 May 2003, N. T. Hiep et al. HLF 1497 (HN). Kon Tum: Dak Glei District, about 7 km S of Dak Gley town near Dak Pet village, 12 November 1995, Averyanov et al. VH 1518 (HN, K, MO).</p> <p>Discussion: — Licuala dakrongensis is monoecious and appears most similar to L. bachmaensis Henderson et al. (2008a: 145). Both species have the central few leaf segments remaining joined to one another distally, but they differ in their rachillae and flowers. The rachillae of Licuala bachmaensis are densely covered with hairs, the calyx and corolla are densely hairy, and the pistil is sparsely hairy. Rachillae and flowers of L. dakrongensis are glabrous. The two species are also found in different habitats: Licuala bachmaensis has been found only in open, highly disturbed habitats such as Acacia and Eucalyptus plantations and waste places near roads, whereas L. dakrongensis has been seen only in primary forest on steep slopes.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/527F5B670A6BCF718D9E18FBFEDB0917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henderson, Andrew;Ban, Ninh Khac;Thanh, Bui Van	Henderson, Andrew, Ban, Ninh Khac, Thanh, Bui Van (2010): New species of Areca, Pinanga, and Licuala (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 8: 34-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.3
527F5B670A6DCF718D9E1D63FF030E21.text	527F5B670A6DCF718D9E1D63FF030E21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pinanga Blume 1839	<div><p>Pinanga Blume (1839, 76)</p> <p>Eight species of Pinanga are currently recognized from Vietnam (Henderson 2009). Fieldwork in 2007 resulted in the discovery of a vegetatively distinct Pinanga from Nui Chua, which was unfortunately not fertile at that time. Recent fertile collections have confirmed that the specimens represent an undescribed species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/527F5B670A6DCF718D9E1D63FF030E21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henderson, Andrew;Ban, Ninh Khac;Thanh, Bui Van	Henderson, Andrew, Ban, Ninh Khac, Thanh, Bui Van (2010): New species of Areca, Pinanga, and Licuala (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 8: 34-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.3
527F5B670A6DCF708D9E1A96FE310C33.text	527F5B670A6DCF708D9E1A96FE310C33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pinanga nuichuensis A. J. Hend., N. K. Ban & B. V. Thanh	<div><p>Pinanga nuichuensis A.J.Hend., N.K.Ban &amp; B.V.Thanh, sp. nov. (Plate 3)</p> <p>A speciebus generis Pinangae cognitis Vietnam pinnis 19–40, linearis, regulariter dispositis et triadibus spiraliter dispositis differt.</p> <p>Type:— VIETNAM. Ninh Thuan: Ninh Hai District, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.15/lat 11.8)">Nui Chua National Park</a>, 11°48’N, 109°09’E, ca. 800 m, 26 October 2009, A. Henderson, B. V. Thanh, N. Q. Dat &amp; A R. Cui 3645 (holotype: HN!, isotypes: K! NY!).</p> <p>Stems solitary or clustered, 2.5–5 m tall, 1–4 cm in diameter, densely covered with reddish-brown scales. Sheaths closed, forming crownshafts, to 30 cm long, yellowish, densely covered with reddish-brown scales; ocreas short, early deciduous; petioles to 10 cm long; rachises 49–109 cm long; pinnae 19–40 per side of rachis, linear, acuminate, regularly arranged and spreading in the same plane; middle pinnae 30–51 cm long, 2 cm wide at the middle, apical pinnae 20 cm long, 2 cm wide at the middle, praemorse; veins prominent adaxially. Inflorescences infrafoliar, pendulous; peduncles 1 cm long, 0.5 cm wide; prophylls not seen; rachises 2 cm long; rachillae 5, 12– 13 cm long, rounded in cross-section, glabrous; triads spirally arranged, subtended by prominent, apiculate, 1 mm high bracteoles; flowers subtended by prominent bracteoles; staminate flowers not seen; pistillate flowers 4 mm long; sepals 3 mm long, imbricate, the margins not ciliate, not acuminate; petals 3 mm long, imbricate, the margins not ciliate, not acuminate; ovary 3.5 mm long; fruits immature; endosperm ruminate.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: — Vietnam in Ninh Thuan Province, near the summit of Nui Chua mountain on rocky slopes in lowland rainforest at 800 m elevation.</p> <p>Local names and uses:— cau lui, cau lua. No uses recorded.</p> <p>Additional specimen examined (paratype): — VIETNAM. Ninh Thuan: Ninh Hai District, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.166664/lat 11.8)">Nui Chua National Park</a>, 11°48’N, 109°10’E, ca. 800 m, 27 July 2007, Henderson et al. 3474 (HN, NY).</p> <p>Discussion:— The material on which this new species is based did not key out using the regional monograph of Henderson (2009). It differs from Pinanga baviensis Beccari (1910: 193), P. cattienensis Henderson et al. (2008b: 64), P. cupularis Henderson et al. (2008b: 64), P. humilis Henderson et al. (2008b: 68), P. kontumensis Henderson et al. (2008b: 68) and P. quadrijuga Gagnepain (1937: 156) in its pinnate leaves with 19–40 linear pinnae (versus 3–12 broad, curved pinnae or leaves undivided). It is more similar in leaf morphology to P. annamensis Magalon (1930: 152) and P. declinata Henderson et al. (2008b: 65), although its pinnae are more numerous (19–40 versus 8–21) and narrower (2 cm versus 3.5–5 cm wide at the middle). It also differs from these two species in its spirally arranged triads (versus arranged in two opposite rows along the rachillae).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/527F5B670A6DCF708D9E1A96FE310C33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Henderson, Andrew;Ban, Ninh Khac;Thanh, Bui Van	Henderson, Andrew, Ban, Ninh Khac, Thanh, Bui Van (2010): New species of Areca, Pinanga, and Licuala (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 8: 34-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.3
