taxonID	type	description	language	source
D25987DDFFE3FFB2FD30ED012C2C8EC0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Chara aff. antennata has previously been reported in Upper Eocene deposits from many European basins, i. e. Paris (Grambast 1958; Riveline 1986), Languedoc (Feist-Castel 1971), Provence (Feist-Castel 1977 a) and Hampshire Basins (Feist- Castel 1977 b; Riveline 1986). In the Ebro Basin, gyrogonites of Chara aff. antennata do not show any	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFE3FFB2FD30ED012C2C8EC0.taxon	description	evidence of fragmentation or erosion, suggesting that they were buried in situ or after short transport from the original locality. Ŋe sample was collected within a plastic yellowish marl horizon with abundant marine fauna, i. e. foraminifers and ostracods. Taphonomic and sedimentologic evidence, together with the abundance of shallow marine fauna, suggests that Chara aff. antennata grew in brackish water lagoons close to the shoreline. DESCRIPTION Gyrogonites small to medium, 350 - 620 µm high (mean 506 µm) and 235 - 335 µm wide (mean 304 µm), very elongate in shape, with a high isopolarity index ranging from 117 to 202 (mean 154). Spiral cells concave (about 48 µm wide). Ornamentation consists of irregularly shaped and spaced tubercles (very variable in size, ranging from 15 - 40 µm in diameter) arranged along the spiral cells. Eight to twelve (frequently nine to ten) convolutions are visible in lateral view. Apex psilocharoid and slightly convex. Base pointed with small pentagonal pore (about 35 µm across).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFE3FFB2FD30ED012C2C8EC0.taxon	discussion	DISCUSSION Ŋe width of gyrogonites from La Portelleta section (Sant Boi de Lluçanès) was about 75 µm smaller than the type population of Verzenay (France), resulting in a dominance of prolate to perprolate gyrogonite morphologies. Moreover, the specimens studied usually display smaller tubercles than the type population.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFECFFB1FEDDE89A2D598CAB.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 I-L)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFECFFB1FEDDE89A2D598CAB.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Very small gyrogonites of genus Chara, 329 - 455 µm high and 232 - 368 µm, ellipsoidal elongate in shape, with a reduced number of convolutions (generally seven) and concave spiral cells.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFECFFB1FEDDE89A2D598CAB.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE. — Number 79907 of the Museu Geològic del Seminari Conciliar, Barcelona (Fig. 4 I-L). PARATYPES. — Numbers 79908 - 79911 of the Museu Geològic del Seminari Conciliar, Barcelona. TYPE LOCALITY. — Torre Casanova (Moià, Catalonia, NE Spain; 41 ° 49 ’ 13, 6 ” N, 02 ° 08 ’ 13, 2 ” E). TYPE STRATUM. — Marls of the Artés Formation, in a bed 45 m above the base of the Torre Casanova stratigraphic section (Sanjuan & Martín-Closas 2012: sample TC- 9, fig. 7). AGE. — Middle Priabonian to Lower Rupelian according to its association with H. vasiformis form vasiformistuberculata and Harrisichara tuberculata.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFECFFB1FEDDE89A2D598CAB.taxon	description	DERIVATION OF NAME. — From the Artés Formation. REPOSITORY. — Museu Geològic del Seminari Conciliar, Barcelona (MGSCB). DESCRIPTION Gyrogonites small, 329 - 455 µm high (mean 397 µm) and 232 - 368 µm wide (mean 304 µm), prolate and elongate in shape, with an isopolarity index ranging from 109 - 157 (mean 129). Spiral cells concave to almost flat (about 48 µm wide) and without ornamentation. Six to nine (frequently seven) convolutions are visible in lateral view (Fig. 5). Apex flat or slightly convex. Apical ends of cells unmodified or slightly widening in the centre. Base frequently pointed with a small pentagonal pore (about 45 µm in diameter). Wellcalcified gyrogonites show a rounded base. AFFINITY Ŋis new species belongs to genus Chara as shown by its ellipsoidal gyrogonite, the shape of the apical region, with slightly widening of spiral cell endings, and by the shape of the base, pointed to rounded with the spiral cell ends forming a superficial pentagonal pore. Ŋe combination of the very small size of the gyrogonites, a low number of convolutions and the concavity of the spiral cells allows the distinction of the new species from similar species. Chara artesica n. sp. shows strong similarities with Chara sp. 2 from the Ebro Basin described by Choi (1989), especially as regards their biometrical characters. However, Chara artesica n. sp. shows concave spiral cells and a flat to slightly convex apex, whereas Chara sp. 2 shows a convex shape in the apex and the spiral cells, probably related to the calcification degree.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFECFFB1FEDDE89A2D598CAB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Previously, this species had only been reported in the Upper Eocene / Lower Oligocene from the Rhine Graben in Germany (Schwarz & Griessemer 1994; Schwarz 1997). Ŋe occurrence of this species in Sant Boi de Lluçanès provides the first occurrence of this species in southern Europe (Table 2).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFECFFB1FEDDE89A2D598CAB.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Medium-sized gyrogonites, 550 - 750 µm high (mean 640 µm) and 283 - 575 µm wide (mean 392 µm), very elongate, prolate to perprolate in shape, with a high isopolarity index ranging from 111 - 195 (mean 164). Concave to flat and nonornamented spiral cells (61 µm wide). Eight to eleven (frequently nine to ten) convolutions visible in lateral view. Apex flat. Apical ends of spiral cells distinctly widened. Base progressively tapering to pointed. Many specimens show a somewhat conical appearance. Basal pore mainly within a shallow pentagonal depression.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFECFFB1FEDDE89A2D598CAB.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Most specimens of Chara rhenana from El Perers (Sant Boi de Lluçanès, NE Ebro Basin) are about 100 µm longer than the type population from the Rhine Graben (Schwarz & Griessemer 1994). Ŋe specimens studied are also similar to Chara vespiformis Groves, 1926 from the Bembridge flora (Isle of Wight, England). However, Chara vespiformis shows more convolutions in lateral view (twelve to thirteen) and the spiral cells are flat or convex.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFECFFB1FEDDE89A2D598CAB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Chara microcera has been recorded from numerous localities in Europe ranging in age from the Lower Oligocene (Middle Rupelian) to Lower Miocene (Upper Aquitanian). In France, this species occurs in the Paris Basin (Grambast & Paul 1965; Riveline 1986), the Aquitaine Basin (Feist-Castel 1977 a; Feist & Ringeade 1977) and the Provence Basin (Feist-Castel 1977 a). In Switzerland, this species has been recorded in the western sector of the Swiss Molasse Basin (Kissling 1974). Ŋis species also occurs in many Oligocene localities from the Rhine Graben in Germany (Schwarz 1997). In Spain, this species has been reported in Lower Oligocene beds of the Ebro Basin (Feist et al. 1994), and in the Tajo Basin (Juliá de Agar 1991). In this study, Chara microcera is reported from lacustrine marls in the El Talladell and Vinaixa localities (NE Ebro Basin) (Table 4).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFECFFB1FEDDE89A2D598CAB.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Small-sized gyrogonites, 366 - 500 µm high (mean 440 µm) and 280 - 360 µm wide (mean 320 µm), elongate, prolate to perprolate in shape, with an isopolarity index ranging from 120 - 160 (mean 129). Concave spiral cells (42 µm wide) ornamented with characteristic isolated tubercles arranged along the spiral cells. Nine to eleven (frequently nine) convolutions visible in lateral view. Apex psilocharoid, flat and slightly prominent, ornamented with isolated small tubercles. Base rounded to slightly pointed showing a shallow pentagonal basal pore.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFEEFFB1FF56ED012C288D4B.taxon	description	(Fig. 6 E-H)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFEEFFB1FF56ED012C288D4B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Psilochara acuta has been recorded from many localities in Europe. In France, this species has been reported in the Lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Paris Basin (Riveline 1986). Schwarz (1997) recorded this species from the Oligocene of the Rhine Graben (Germany). Psilochara acuta was later reported from Upper Eocene (Priabonian) beds in the Transylvanian Basin, Romania by Baciu & Hartenberger (2001). Ŋe occurrence of this species in the Ebro Basin (Sarral locality) represents its southernmost record (Table 4). Riveline (1986) showed that the biostratigraphic range of this species encompasses three charophyte biozones i. e. Lychnothamnus pinguis, Lychnothamnus major and Chara microcera. However, the occurrence of this species within the European Harrisichara vasiformis-tuberculata biozone in the Transylvanian Basin and within the Lychnothamnus vectensis biozone in the Ebro Basin suggests that the occurrence of Psilochara aff. acuta starts in the middle part of the Priabonian.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFEEFFB1FF56ED012C288D4B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Gyrogonites small to medium, 360 - 549 µm high (mean 478 µm) and 280 - 450 µm wide (mean 327 µm), prolate and elongate in shape, with an isopolarity index ranging from 103 - 184 (mean 147). Spiral cells flat to concave, about 53 µm wide and without ornamentation. Eight to ten (frequently nine) convolutions are visible in lateral view. Apex psilocharoid and prominent, frequently pointed. Ŋis apical cap is very variable in size, ranging between 15 and 77 µm in high. Base rounded in well-calcified gyrogonites and slightly pointed in poorly calcified gyrogonites, showing a small pentagonal pore (about 40 µm in diameter).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFEEFFB1FF56ED012C288D4B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Ŋe main difference between the population from Sarral (NE Ebro Basin) and the type material from Soisy-sur-École (Paris Basin) is the size of the gyrogonites, which is about 250 µm smaller in the Ebro Basin. Moreover, gyrogonites from the type population display a larger range of convolutions (eight to twelve).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFEEFFB7FCEDEDE62CD08EC0.taxon	description	(Fig. 6 I-L) DESCRIPTION Medium-sized gyrogonites, 432 - 648 µm high (mean 547 µm) and 297 - 513 µm wide (mean 434 µm), elongate, prolate to sub-cylindrical in shape, with an isopolarity index ranging from 111 - 163 (mean 127). Apex lamprothamnoid, truncated, showing a marked periapical depression due to decreasing cell thickness. Ŋe base is rounded with a small basal pore (45 µm). Spiral cells flat to convex, without ornamentation. Eight to ten (frequently nine) convolutions are visible in lateral view. TABLE 3. — Charophyte species and gyrogonite abundances of samples studied from the eastern margin of the Ebro Basin (sections of Santpedor, Maians & Rubió). Vertical position of samples does not represent their relative stratigraphic position. Abbreviations: , 1 - 25; ·, 26 - 100; l,> 100.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFEEFFB7FCEDEDE62CD08EC0.taxon	discussion	REMARKS A population from Sant Bartomeu del Grau (NE Ebro Basin) belongs to the genus Lamprothamnium according to the general sub-cylindrical shape and the apical structure (Table 2). Gyrogonites of Lamprothamnium sp. from sample CC- 1 is similar in gyrogonite width and convolution number to the Lower Eocene Lamprothamnium priscum Castel & Grambast, 1969. However, gyrogonites from the Ebro Basin are about 115 µm shorter, resulting in a more rounded morphology. Poor preservation hinders their specific attribution.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFEBFFAAFF4CEDC12E738B6E.taxon	description	Gyrogona caelata forme fasciata Grambast & Grambast-Fessard, 1981: 21, fig. 11 f.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFEBFFAAFF4CEDC12E738B6E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Ŋis species was first described in the Headon beds and in the Bembridge marlstones from the Isle of Wight, England (Reid & Groves 1921). G. caelata was later recorded from Upper Lutetian to Upper Priabonian beds from the Paris Basin (Grambast & Grambast-Fessard 1981), the north-eastern part of the Languedoc Basin (Feist-Castel 1971), the Aquitaine (Feist & Ringeade 1977) and Provence (Feist-Castel 1977 a) basins. In Spain, this species occurs in Upper Lutetian to Upper Priabonian beds from the Ebro TABLE 4. — Charophyte species and gyrogonite abundances of the samples studied from the eastern margin of the Ebro Basin (sections of Rocafort de Queralt, Sarral, Tarrés and Vinaixa sections and Solivella and El Talladell outcrop are represented). Vertical position of samples does not represent their relative stratigraphic position. Abbreviations: , 1 - 25; ·, 26 - 100; l,> 100. Basin (Anadón & Feist 1981; Choi 1989), with two more records added now, in Torre Casanova (Moià) and Santpedor (Table 2). Gyrogona caelata has also been reported by Iva (1987) in Middle Eocene beds from the north-western part of the Transylvanian Basin (Romania). Ŋis species has also been found in the central part of the Sahara, Algeria (Mebrouk et al. 1997).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFEBFFAAFF4CEDC12E738B6E.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Gyrogonites large, 581 - 909 µm high (mean 755 µm) and 697 - 911 µm wide (mean 832 µm), oblate spheroidal in shape with an isopolarity index of 79 - 112 (mean 92). Five to seven (frequently six), convolutions are visible laterally. Spiral cells large and convex, 161 µm wide, ornamented with a wide midcellular crest. A few gyrogonites from one population are ornamented with large rounded and prominent tubercles which are about 160 µm in diameter. Ŋe apical area is flat or rounded with a well-marked periapical depression. Ŋe apex is ornamented with prominent apical nodules slightly elongated following the apical cells. Ŋese nodules are about 106 µm high and 200 µm wide and they are clustered to form an apical rosette. Ŋe base is rounded with a small pentagonal basal pore, about 60 µm across.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF5FFAAFF1EEBDD2CD18AAE.taxon	description	(Fig. 7 D-F)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF5FFAAFF1EEBDD2CD18AAE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Formerly, N. jorbae was thought to be exclusive to the Upper Priabonian to Lower Rupelian of the Ebro Basin (Stephanochara vectensis local biozone of Feist et al., 1994). However, Sanjuan et al. (2012) recently showed that this species already occurred in the middle part of the Priabonian (Harrisichara vasiformis-tuberculata biozone). In the present study, N. jorbae is reported abundantly in Sant Boi de Lluçanès, Sobremunt, Sant Bartomeu del Grau, Oristà, Santa Maria d’Oló and Torre Casanova near Moià (Table 2). Nodosochara aff. jorbae has also been reported by Mebrouk et al. (1997) in the Middle Eocene from the north-eastern Sahara (Algeria).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF5FFAAFF1EEBDD2CD18AAE.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Gyrogonites large, 660 - 912 µm high (mean 758 µm), and 540 - 860 µm wide (mean 680 µm), inversely pear-shaped but sometimes sub-spherical or ellipsoidal, with an isopolarity index ranging from 90 - 140 (mean 112). Spiral cells 86 µm wide, convex and smooth. Eight to ten convolutions, more often nine, are visible laterally. Apex nitellopsidoid, slightly convex or sub-rounded, with a well-marked thinning and narrowing of the spiral cells in the periapical zone. Periapical depression frequently well-defined. Apical nodules are distinct, more or less prominent, and clustered in an apical rosette. Base rounded or conical. Basal pore superficial and small, without a basal funnel.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF5FFAAFF1EEBDD2CD18AAE.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF5FFABFD23EBDD2EC989F3.taxon	description	(Fig. 7 G-J)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF5FFABFD23EBDD2EC989F3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Up to now, L. longus has only been found in the Late Priabonian-Earliest Rupelian of the eastern part of the Ebro Basin (Choi 1989; Sanjuan & Martín-Closas 2012; Sanjuan et al. 2012). In the present study, this species was found in the Oristà, Santa Maria d’Oló, Torre Casanova (Moià), Moià, Santpedor and Rubió localities (Tables 2, 3).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF5FFABFD23EBDD2EC989F3.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Gyrogonites are medium in size, 450 - 724 µm high (mean 618 µm), and 380 - 580 µm in width (mean 464 µm). Ŋey are ellipsoidal to ovoidal in shape with an isopolarity index of 104 - 180 (mean 130). Ŋe apex is rounded to truncate, in some cases pointed in the centre, and displays a marked apical thinning. Ŋe base shows variable morphology, in some cases elongated to form a broad column, and the basal pore shows a small star-shaped funnel. Ŋe spiral cells, flat to concave, are devoid of ornamentation and separated by prominent sutures, which in some specimens are bicarinate. Seven to ten (frequently eight) convolutions are visible laterally.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF5FFABFD23EBDD2EC989F3.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Lychnothamnus longus is very variable in size, shape and calcification. Many populations show a continuous change from small, cylindrical gyrogonites with concave spiral cells to large broadly rounded specimens with flat spiral cells.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF4FFABFF51E9982CCE8ACE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Lychnothamnus stockmansii has been recorded from numerous localities ranging in age from the Upper Eocene (Middle Priabonian) to the Lower Oligocene (Lower Rupelian) (Table 5). In France, this species occurs in the Paris (Riveline 1986), Aquitaine (Feist & Ringeade 1977) and Provence (Grambast 1957; Montenat 1968; Touraine 1971; Feist-Castel 1977 a) basins. In England, this species has been reported in the Isle of Wight (Feist-Castel 1977 b; Riveline 1986). Stockmans (1960) found this species at a number of Oligocene localities in Belgium. Lychnothamnus stockmansii also occurs in Oligocene beds in Germany (Schwarz 1985). In Spain, this species has already been reported from the island of Mallorca (Martín-Closas & Ramos 2005) and in Upper Eocene beds of the Ebro Basin (Choi 1989). In the present study, L. stockmansii was found in the Upper Priabonian-Lower Rupelian from the Torre Casanova (Moià), Moià, Santpedor, Rubió, Rocafort de Queralt and Sarral localities (Table 2 - 4). Baciu & Feist (1999) reported it from the Lowermost Oligocene of the Transylvanian Basin (Romania). Ŋe species is well-represented in many Chinese localities (Table 5). Xinlun (1978) found it in Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene beds in the Bohai coastal region (NE China). Liu & Wu (1990) and Lu & Luo (1990) reported L. stockmansii from the Tarim Basin in the provinces of Qinghai and Xinjiang (NW China). In southern China, this species was reported by Huang et al. (1988) in Guangdong province and by Liu (1989) in Yunnan province. Ŋis database suggests that Lychnothamnus stockmansii was an Eurasiatic species widely distributed from Western Europe to China.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF4FFABFF51E9982CCE8ACE.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Gyrogonite large, 581 - 776 µm high (mean 659 µm), and 387 - 619 µm wide (mean 561 µm), variable in shape, generally ellipsoidal, with an isopolar- ity index ranging from 102 - 150 (mean 120). Ŋe apical zone shows a remarkable constant width of the spiral cells, which results in a flat apex. Some specimens show a small triangular-shaped tubercle, about 45 µm across, located at the junction of the spiral cells at the apex, which is reminiscent of the sylvula described by Soulié-Märsche (1989) in recent Lychnothamnus barbatus. Ŋe base is tapered with a star-shaped basal funnel, which is poorly developed in specimens with flat spiral cells. Basal pore about 95 µm in diameter. Six to nine, frequently eight, cells visible laterally. Ŋese are normally concave, non-ornamented and separated by prominent sutures which in some specimens are bicarinate.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF4FFA9FD7CEABF2D578A4C.taxon	description	(Fig. 8 A-C)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF4FFA9FD7CEABF2D578A4C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Lychnothamnus grambastii was previously reported from its type locality in the Lower to Middle Priabonian of the Alés Basin, southern France (Feist-Castel 1971). In the Ebro Basin, this species has been reported in many samples from the Torre Casanova (Moià) locality (Table 2). Ŋe new data not only widen its distribution to the south but also its biostratigraphic range, reaching now the Upper Priabonian, since it occurs in association with Harrisichara tuberculata.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF4FFA9FD7CEABF2D578A4C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Medium to large gyrogonite, variable in size, 667 - 1000 µm high (mean 850 µm), and 560 - 859 µm in width (mean 703 µm), normally inversed pearshaped to ellipsoidal with an isopolarity index of 100 - 144 (mean 120). Spiral cells 100 µm wide, convex and smooth. Eight to ten (frequently nine), convolutions are visible laterally. Apex flat or slightly convex. Spiral cells display marked thinning resulting in a periapical depression. Apex ornamented by tubercles, frequently comma shaped and about 80 M m high and 100 M m wide. Base slightly conical with large basal pore, about 80 µm across, and located within a well-marked funnel.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF4FFA9FD7CEABF2D578A4C.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Lychnothamnusgrambastii showssimilardimensionsand morphology to Lychnothamnus edwardsii (Grambast, 1958) Soulié-Märsche, 1989 with both species having apical nodules and a basal funnel. However, whereas Lychnothamnus grambastii shows a slightly pointed base which finishes in a well-marked and wide funnel, Lychnothamnus edwardsii shows a rounded base with a superficial basal funnel. Also, Lychnothamnus grambastii does not show a periapical constriction which occurs in Lychnothamnus edwardsii.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF6FFA9FF7AEA3E2CD88C69.taxon	description	(Fig. 8 D-G)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF6FFA9FF7AEA3E2CD88C69.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Lychnothamnus vectensis has been recorded in the Hampshire (Reid & Groves 1921) and Paris (Riveline 1986) basins. In the Ebro Basin, this species occurs within Uppermost Priabonian-Lower Rupelian deposits in Santpedor, Rubió and Sarral (Tables 3, 4).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF6FFA9FF7AEA3E2CD88C69.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Medium sized gyrogonite, variable in size, 580 - 760 µm in high (mean 660 µm), and 480 - 620 µm in width (mean 560 µm), normally ellipsoidal but sometimes ovoidal in shape with an isopolarity index of 103 - 145 (mean 121). Spiral cells about 90 µm wide, normally flat to convex. Seven to nine (frequently eight), convolutions are visible laterally. Apex flat or slightly convex. Spiral cells do not show constrictions in the apical periphery but display marked thinning in the apical zone, resulting in an apical to periapical depression. In some gyrogonites, the apex is ornamented by tubercles that vary notably in size depending on the specimen. Ŋe base is rounded with a large and superficial basal pore about 70 µm across.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF6FFA9FF7AEA3E2CD88C69.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF6FFAFFD79EC032D478A8E.taxon	description	(Fig. 8 H-K)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF6FFAFFD79EC032D478A8E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Lychnothamnus major has hitherto been recorded from numerous European sites of various ages within the Rupelian. In France, this species occurs in the Paris (Grambast & Paul 1965; Riveline 1986), Aquitaine (Feist & Ringeade 1977), Provence (Feist-Castel 1977 a) and Languedoc (Grambast 1962) basins. In Germany, this species has been documented by Feist-Castel (1977 a) and Schwarz (1985). Moreover, Kissling (1974) reported this species in the western sector of the Swiss Molasse and Baciu and Feist (1999) from north-western Romania. In Spain, it has already been described from some localities of the Ebro Basin by Choi (1989) and we found it in Sarral and El Talladell (Table 4).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF6FFAFFD79EC032D478A8E.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Gyrogonites very large, 780 - 1000 µm high (mean 900 µm) and 680 - 840 µm wide (mean 780 µm), ellipsoidal in shape with an isopolarity index ranging from 105 - 128, (average 117). Spiral cells in the apical zone show a remarkably constant width, which results in a flat apex. Ŋe base is tapered with a star-shaped basal pore, about 180 µm in diameter. Eight to nine (frequently eight) cells visible laterally. Ŋese are normally concave, about 118 µm in width, non-ornamented and separated by prominent sutures which in some specimens are bicarinate.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF6FFAFFD79EC032D478A8E.taxon	discussion	REMARK Many authors have reported that transitional morphotypes occur between L. stockmansi and L. major (Feist-Castel 1977 a; Baciu & Feist 1999).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF0FFAFFF18EBFD2C1C8D64.taxon	description	(Fig. 8 L-N)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF0FFAFFF18EBFD2C1C8D64.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Nitellopsis (Tectochara) merianii appears to be exclusive to Europe during the Upper Eocene (Upper Priabonian) and Lower Oligocene (Rupelian) (Table 5). It has been reported in Rupelian lacustrine deposits from many French localities, i. e. Paris Basin (Grambast & Paul 1965; Riveline 1986), Aquitaine (Feist & Ringeade 1977), the western sector of Languedoc (Grambast 1962; Feist- Castel 1971) and Provence (Touraine 1971) basins. It was also reported in Lower Oligocene beds in the Rhine Graben in Germany (Mädler 1955; Schwarz 1997) and in Lower Oligocene deposits from the Molassic Swiss Basin (Kissling 1974; Reichenbacher et al. 1996). In Spain, this species has been documented in Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene deposits from the Ebro Basin (Choi 1989; Feist et al. 1994) and from Oligocene rocks in the central Iberian Peninsula (Loranca Basin) by Juliá de Agar (1991). Recently, Sanjuan & Martín-Closas (2012) reported the oldest record of the species in the Upper Priabonian of the eastern Ebro Basin, namely at Torre Casanova (Moià), El Talladell and Vinaixa (Tables 2, 4). During the Uppermost Oligocene-Lower Miocene, this species expanded from western Europe across the Paratethys realm to NE China and SE Asia, ranging from latitude 18 ° N to 50 ° N and covering the entire Eurasian landmass (Soulié-Märsche et al. 1997 and references therein; Soulié-Märsche et al. 2002; Sanjuan & Martín-Closas in press). In Eastern Europe, this species was also recorded in Lower Oligocene deposits from Slovenia (Ettinghausen 1872) and Romania (Iva et al. 1970; Baciu & Feist 1999). Mädler & Staesche (1979) reported this species in many localities attributed to Early Oligocene from Turkey (Table 5).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF0FFAFFF18EBFD2C1C8D64.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Large gyrogonites, variable in size, 818 - 1262 µm high (mean 1084 µm), and 716 - 1045 µm wide (mean 909 µm), normally ovoid but sometimes ellipsoidal in shape with an isopolarity index of 96 - 146 (mean 121). Spiral cells 126 µm wide, generally convex. Eight to eleven (often nine) convolutions visible in lateral view. Apex nitellopsidoid, slightly convex or subrounded, with well-marked thinning and narrowing of the spiral cells in the periapical zone. Apical nodules present, more or less prominent. Base rounded or slightly conical with large basal pore, 100 µm across, and located within a pentagonal funnel.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF0FFAFFF18EBFD2C1C8D64.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Ŋis species shows a notably reduced size in comparison with coeval Nitellopsis species such as N. (T.) wannacotti, N. (T.) aemula and N. (T.) latispira, which are about 300 µm larger and are in general more rounded in shape.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF0FFACFD35EDC62E078D44.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Harrisichara lineata is distributed in the Middle Bartonian to Upper Priabonian of Europe. In France, it occurs in the Paris Basin (Riveline 1986), the north-western part of the Languedoc Basin (Feist-Castel 1971) and the Aquitaine (Feist & Ringeade 1977) and Provence (Feist-Castel 1977 a) basins. In Germany, H. lineata occurs in the Rhine Graben Basin (Schwarz & Griessemer 1994). Harrisichara lineata has also been reported in the NorthofSpain. IthasrecentlybeendocumentedbyMochales et al. (2012) within Upper Eocene deposits of the Ainsa Basin (south-central Pyrenees). In the eastern Ebro Basin, this species only occurs in Sant Boi de Lluçanès (Table 2).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF0FFACFD35EDC62E078D44.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Gyrogonite large, 642 - 960 µm high (mean 753 µm), and 520 - 853 µm wide (mean 659 µm), sub-spherical, ellipsoidal or oval in shape with an isopolarity index of 83 - 133 (mean 115). Spiral cells flat or concave. Eight to eleven (frequently nine), convolutions are visible laterally. While most of the gyrogonites show a characteristic regular midcellular crest, some specimens are smaller and show an ornamentation consisting of small nodules arranged along the central line of the spiral cells (Fig. 9 G-I). Apex flat to rounded, frequently ornamented with comma-shaped tubercles. Base elongated, terminating in a small column.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF0FFACFD35EDC62E078D44.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Ŋe specimens found at El Perers (Sant Boi de Lluçanès, NE Ebro Basin) display variable size and ornamentation patterns, the two characters being closely related. Smaller specimens present small and irregular, shortly spaced tubercles (Fig. 9 I), and in some cases small nodules are poorly connected showing an incipient midcellular crest (Fig. 9 H). In contrast, most of the gyrogonites are larger and show a regular midcellular crest. Ŋe largest gyrogonites show a slightly rippled midcellular crest, especially marked in the apical zone (Fig. 9 G). Ŋis range of variation is possibly controlled by the palaeoenvironment.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF3FFACFF2AED262B3B8CAB.taxon	description	(Fig. 9 A-C)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF3FFACFF2AED262B3B8CAB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Harrisichara vasiformis form vasiformis-tuberculata occurs in the Hampshire Basin, England (Feist-Castel 1977 b). In France, it occurs in the Paris (Riveline 1986) and Provence (Feist-Castel 1977 a) basins. It has also been reported from Transylvania (Romania) by Baciu & Feist (1999). In Spain, this morphotype has been documented by Martín-Closas & Ramos (2005) in the Island of Mallorca and by Choi (1989), Feist et al. (1994) and Sanjuan et al. (2012) in the eastern part of the Ebro Basin. In the present study, it has been recorded in Sant Boi de Lluçanès, Sobremunt, Sant Bartomeu del Grau and Maians (Tables 2, 3). Sanjuan & Martín-Closas (2012) showed that in the Ebro Basin, this species grew solely in brackish environments.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF3FFACFF2AED262B3B8CAB.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Gyrogonites medium to large, 594 - 756 µm high (mean 655 µm), and 567 - 675 µm wide (mean 619 µm), ovoidal or sub-ovoidal in shape with an isopolarity index of 96 - 116 (mean 106). Nine to eleven (frequently ten) convolutions visible laterally. Spiral cells flat or concave, 75 - 125 µm in width. Ŋe ornamentation consists of regularly spaced elongated tubercles, which may be joined by a fine central crest. Apex flat or rounded, generally without any periapical modification in the spiral cells, but with comma-shaped tubercles in a few specimens. Base rounded, conical or elongated in a small column. Basal pore pentagonal, 54 µm across.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF3FFACFF2AED262B3B8CAB.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Ŋis taxon was proposed by Feist-Castel (1977) as an informal name to characterise the gradual change from H. vasiformis to H. tuberculata, rather than as a formal species. Later Sille et al. (2004), showed by Eigenshape analysis that these morphotypes are within the variation of H. vasiformis rather than being intermediate with H. tuberculata.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF3FFADFD0CED412DFC8BA9.taxon	description	(Fig. 9 J-L)	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF3FFADFD0CED412DFC8BA9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Harrisichara tuberculata is widely distributed in the Upper Priabonian to Lower Rupelian of Europe. In France, this species occurs in the Paris Basin (Grambast 1958; Riveline 1986), the north-eastern part of the Languedoc basin (Feist-Castel 1971) and the Aquitaine (Feist & Ringeade 1977) and Provence (Grambast 1958; Feist-Castel 1977 a) basins. H. tuberculata was reported in the Isle of Wight, England by Feist-Castel (1977 b) and Riveline (1986), and in Belgium (Grambast 1958; Riveline 1986), Germany (Riveline 1986; Schwarz 1997) and Romania (Baciu & Feist 1999). In Spain, Adrover et al. (1982) found this species in the locality Barranco de la Calera (Teruel Province), in the Iberian Chain and it is especially common in the eastern Ebro Basin (Choi 1989; Feist et al. 1994; Sanjuan & Martín-Closas 2012). In the area studied, this species occurs within Upper Priabonian-Lower Rupelian deposits from Oristà, Santa Maria d’Oló, Torre Casanova (Moià), Moià, Santpedor, Rubió, Sarral and Solivella (Tables 2 - 4).	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
D25987DDFFF3FFADFD0CED412DFC8BA9.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Gyrogonite large, 717 - 1040 µm high (mean 901 µm), and 670 - 940 µm wide (mean 802 µm), prolate spheroidal in shape with an isopolarity index of 86 - 125 (mean 112). Spiral cells flat or concave. Nine to eleven (frequently nine), convolutions are visible laterally. Ŋe ornamentation is typically formed by large, regularly spaced tubercles, which have a variable size ranging from 54 - 90 µm. In some cases, tubercles may be joined. Apex flat or slightly convex and ornamented with tubercles as well. Base elongated, terminating in a short column.	en	Sanjuan, Josep, Martín-Closas, Carles (2014): Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of charophytes from the Upper Eocene- Lower Oligocene of the Eastern Ebro Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Geodiversitas 36 (3): 385-420, DOI: 10.5252/g2014n3a3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a3
