identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FF2D87B8FFEAFF85FF5271FAFF780C73.text	FF2D87B8FFEAFF85FF5271FAFF780C73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ellipsocephaloidea Lin 1990	<div><p>Superfamily ELLIPSOCEPHALOIDEA Matthew, 1887 <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Assignment of the Ellipsocephaloidea to a higher level systematic rank is problematical. Many authors include them in the Redlichiina (Geyer 1990; Kaesler 1997: 429; Adrain 2011), whereas according to Fortey (1990) at least some ellipsocephaloids should be grouped among the Ptychopariina Richter, 1932 (see also Kaesler 1997: 302). Recently, Adrain (2011) suggested to abandon the suborder Ptychopariina Richter, 1932 and the order Ptychopariida Swinnerton, 1915.</p> </p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Assignment of the Ellipsocephaloidea to a higher level systematic rank is problematical. Many authors include them in the Redlichiina (Geyer 1990; Kaesler 1997: 429; Adrain 2011), whereas according to Fortey (1990) at least some ellipsocephaloids should be grouped among the Ptychopariina Richter, 1932 (see also Kaesler 1997: 302). Recently, Adrain (2011) suggested to abandon the suborder Ptychopariina Richter, 1932 and the order Ptychopariida Swinnerton, 1915.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF2D87B8FFEAFF85FF5271FAFF780C73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Żylińska, Anna;Kin, Adrian;Nowicki, Jakub	Żylińska, Anna, Kin, Adrian, Nowicki, Jakub (2013): Application of morphometric techniques for taxonomic revision of Berabichia oratrix (Orłowski, 1985) (Trilobita, Cambrian) from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Geodiversitas 35 (3): 505-528, DOI: 10.5252/g2013n3a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n3a1
FF2D87B8FFEAFF9BFF41747CFCA909BB.text	FF2D87B8FFEAFF9BFF41747CFCA909BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Berabichia Geyer 1990	<div><p>Genus Berabichia Geyer, 1990</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Berabichia vertumnia Geyer, 1990, from the Lemdad Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Sectigena Zone) in the Lemdad Syncline, High Atlas, Morocco, OD.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Berabichia was introduced by Geyer (1990) for three species from the Anti-Atlas and High Atlas of Morocco, i.e. B. vertumnia, the type species, B. stenometopa Geyer, 1990 and B. inopinata Geyer, 1990, and six additional morphotypes in open nomenclature. Berabichia inopinata, differing from most of the remaining Moroccan taxa included in Berabichia in a rather homogenous overall convexity of the cephalon (Geyer 1990), was subsequently transferred to the genus Epichalnipsus Geyer, Popp, Weidner &amp; Förster, 2004 (Geyer et al. 2004). A suggestion was made (Jell &amp; Adrain 2003: 348, 436) that Berabichia is a junior subjective synonym of Ptychoparopsis</p> <p>A</p> <p>1.1</p> <p>coefficient</p> <p>1</p> <p>allometric</p> <p>0.9</p> <p>B C D A1–B B</p> <p>1.1</p> <p>coefficient1</p> <p>allometric</p> <p>0.9</p> <p>0.8</p> <p>K1 K (J–K1)/2 L</p> <p>Hupé, 1953. However, as pointed out by Geyer (1990), Ptychoparopsis is an unrecognizable taxon. Thus, Berabichia and Ptychoparopsis cannot be synonymized because no direct equalization has ever been proposed (G. Geyer, pers. comm.).</p> <p>The Berabichia group includes also Chorbusulina wilkesi Palmer &amp; Gatehouse, 1972 and Chorbusulina subdita Palmer &amp; Gatehouse, 1972 from the Lower Cambrian of the Argentina Range, Antarctica; Proampyx rotundatus (Kiaer, 1917) from the Lower Cambrian of Sweden; and Berabichia erratica Geyer, Popp, Weidner &amp; Förster, 2004 from Pleistocene erratic boulders collected in a gravel pit in northern Germany (Palmer &amp; Gatehouse 1972; Geyer 1990; Palmer &amp; Rowell 1995; Geyer et al. 2004). Geyer (1990: 79)</p> <p>A B 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 -0.5 –0.5 –1 –1 –1.5 -1.5 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 C D 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 –0.5 -0.5 –1 –1 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 E 1 0.5 0 –0.5 –1 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5</p> <p>suggested that Strenuaeva kiaeri Samsonowicz, 1959 (Samsonowicz 1959b: pl. 1, fig. 16a-c; Ellipsocephalus kiaeri of Orłowski 1985: 239, textfig. 7, pl. 7, fig. 2) from the Protolenus-Issafeniella Zone of the HCM can be tentatively assigned to Berabichia; however, the only known speci- men is strongly effaced, has very shallow lateral and axial furrows and might represent a tectonic variant of Issafeniella orlowinensis (Samsonowicz, 1959b) from the same interval (see Żylińska &amp; Masiak 2007 and Żylińska &amp; Szczepanik 2009 for comparison).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF2D87B8FFEAFF9BFF41747CFCA909BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Żylińska, Anna;Kin, Adrian;Nowicki, Jakub	Żylińska, Anna, Kin, Adrian, Nowicki, Jakub (2013): Application of morphometric techniques for taxonomic revision of Berabichia oratrix (Orłowski, 1985) (Trilobita, Cambrian) from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Geodiversitas 35 (3): 505-528, DOI: 10.5252/g2013n3a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n3a1
FF2D87B8FFF5FF9FFF20737EFB420AB9.text	FF2D87B8FFF5FF9FFF20737EFB420AB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Berabichia oratrix (Orlowski 1985)	<div><p>Berabichia oratrix (Orłowski, 1985) (Figs 3-6; 8; 16 A-F; 17)</p> <p>Comluella oratrix Orłowski, 1985: 244, text-fig. 14, pl. 5, figs 1-7, pl. 7, fig. 9.</p> <p>Strenuaeva primaeva – Samsonowicz 1959b: 521, pl. 1, figs 1-9; 1962: 11, pl. 2, figs 1-4; 6-7, pl. 3, figs 3; 5.</p> <p>Termierella sandomirensis – Samsonowicz 1962, pl. 1, fig. 7 only.</p> <p>Comluella igrzycznae Orłowski, 1985: 245, text-fig. 15, pl. 6, figs 1-6.</p> <p>Ornamentaspis ? oratrix – Geyer 1990: 127.</p> <p>Ornamentaspis ? igrzycznae – Geyer 1990: 127.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE OF COMLUELLA ORATRIX. — External mould of a cephalon with incomplete thorax (MWG ZI/29/1340; former number of the Institute of Geology collection: 1.607), figured by Orłowski (1985: pl. 5, fig. 4), illustrated herein in Figure 3.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE OF COMLUELLA IGRZYCZNAE. — External mould of cephalon with thorax (MWG ZI/29/1418; former number of the Institute of Geology collection: 1.301), figured by Orłowski (1985: pl. 6, fig. 4a, b), illustrated herein in Figure 5B, D.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE STRATUM. — Igrzyczna Hill, HCM; Holmia-Schmidtiellus Assemblage Zone, Cambrian Series 2 (middle part of the traditional Lower Cambrian).</p> <p>AGE AND OCCURRENCE. — Berabichia oratrix is known from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, from the Holmia-Schmidtiellus Assemblage Zone, Cambrian Series 2 (Samsonowicz 1959b; Orłowski 1985).</p> <p>EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. — A species of Berabichia with glabella c. 40% of palpebral cranidial width; front rounded to bluntly sub-triangular; occipital ring sagittally of slightly less than 20% of cephalic length; maximum fixigenal width slightly less than 60% of posterior glabellar width; palpebral lobes slightly more than 30% of cephalic length. Librigena with relatively long and slender spine.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 14 complete specimens, four cranidia with thoraces, eight thoraces, five cephala, over 840 detached cranidia, three detached librigenae; MWG ZI/29/1103, 1105, 1260, 1263, 1340-1483, 1514, 1526, 1530, 1569; MWG ZI/42/007, 021, 023, 067-072, 074-078, 081-089, 094, 100, 173, 178, 179, 182-188, 190, 191, 193, 195-198, 200, 201, 204, 205, 207-214, 216-218, 220, 223, 224, 227-233, 235-243, 252, 264, 267-272, 274-288; MUZPIG 1.II.8B, 23, 38, 42-45, 57, 59, 63, 64, 68, 73, 80, 85-89; MUZPIG 110.II.37, 38, 56, 62, 68, 70-72, 77, 78, 82, 86, 93, 95-99, 102, 105, 108, 110, 115-123, 126, 130, 133, 135, 141-146, 150, 151, 155-159, 164, 166, 170-174, 176, 177, 180, 182-184, 186, 188-203, 205, 213, 219, 229-231, 235; MUZPIG 113.II.2, 4, 8, 37; MUZPIG 8.II.30, 31; AK 300/CD 20-1, 12/ TA 1−38; UJ 214P/ T 5, 6, 11, 12, 20, 23, 25; JN 033-043, 045-086. All specimens come from the local Holmia-Schmidtiellus Assemblage Zone of Cambrian Series 2 at Słowik, Telegraf Hill, Cisów, Nowa Huta, Igrzyczna Hill, Leśniakowa Dębina, Ociesęki, Sterczyna Hill, Zbelutka, Ujazdek, Malkowska Hill, Buczyna, Pranie, and Dąb, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. MEASUREMENTS. — Cranidial length 4.4-13.9 mm, cranidial width across centre of palpebral lobes 5.8-18 mm. The holotype cranidium is 8 mm long and 10 mm wide across centre of palpebral lobes.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Cephalon semi-elliptical, overall convexity relatively low; length 127 ± 18 % of palpebral cranidial width (n = 138). Glabella slightly elevated above the fixigenae, defined by distinct furrow, 78 ± 4 % of cephalic length (n = 151) and 39 ± 4 % of palpebral cranidial width (n = 135). Glabella tapering forwards, with rounded to bluntly subtriangular front. Three pairs of rather shallow, slightly backwardly directed lateral glabellar furrows. Occipital furrow narrow and deep, slightly sinuous. Occipital ring 17 ± 3% of cephalic length (n = 151). Occipital node or spine not developed. Fixigenae 67 ± 7% width of occipital ring (n = 123), 29 ± 3% of cephalic length (n = 121) and 57±3% of posterior glabellar width. Ocular ridges indistinct, straight, slightly backwardly directed, visible on the shell exterior only, located at level of S3 and separated from glabella by narrow furrows. Palpebral lobes 32 ± 3% of cephalic length (n = 140), strongly convex, reaching from ocular ridges to posterior border furrows. Palpebral furrow a shallow depression, narrower anteriorly and distinctly widening posteriorly. Palpebral lobes slightly upturned posteriorly. Frontal area 22 ±4% of cephalic length (n = 147), entire, distinctly convex, without border furrow.</p> <p>Librigena nearly flat, its width is less than onethird of transverse cranidial width across palpebral lobes, with sharp and slender librigenal spine whose base is at level of S1; librigenal spine slightly divergent from lateral margin, reaching to the level of the posterior part of second thoracic segment. In some cases, the spine is visible only on imprints of external moulds.Inner spine angle nearly rectangular. Librigenal border relatively wide and flat, separated from genal field by narrow furrow.</p> <p>Thorax composed of up to 13 segments narrowing posteriorly, pleurae with distinct, long furrows, extending into backward-directed spines.</p> <p>Pygidium small, sub-triangular, wider than long, axial piece strongly convex, reaching to posterior margin.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Assignment of this species to Berabichia Geyer, 1990 rather than Ornamentaspis Geyer, 1990 as tentatively suggested by Geyer (1990: 127) is justified by several cranidial features that include: a relatively flat cranidium with a tapering forwards glabella that has a rounded or bluntly sub-triangular anterior lobe, slightly upturned palpebral lobes, and a convex and entire frontal area; the lateral glabellar furrows in the studied specimens are oblique backwards, as in most species assigned to Berabichia, whereas in Ornamentaspis they attain a mixed kingaspidoid and protolenoid pattern (Geyer 1990). In the specimens studied the palpebral furrows are narrower forwards and distinctly wider backwards, a feature considered diagnostic of Berabichia (Geyer 1990: 78). As noted by Westrop &amp; Landing (2000: 873), there is only subtle difference in palpebral furrow morphology between some species of Berabichia and Antatlasia Hupé, 1953. Nevertheless, the species which Westrop &amp; Landing (2000) referred to (i.e. B. inopinata) was subsequently assigned to Epichalnipsus (see above) so that the palpebral furrow morphology can also be taken into consideration in the reassignment of the studied specimens to Berabichia. Morphometric analysis (see above) suggests that C. igrzycznae is a tectonically distorted morphological expression of B. oratrix. Other distinguishing features mentioned by Orłowski (1985: 245) in the original diagnoses have been caused by taphonomic processes (see above).</p> <p>Berabichia oratrix is closest to B. subdita in most cranidial proportions and in the librigena (see Palmer &amp; Gatehouse 1972: pl. 2, fig. 12). A significant difference is an elongated posteriorly occipital ring and test ornamentation in B. subdita. The external moulds of B. oratrix do not show any evidence of the test’s ornamentation or prosopon. Similar proportions occur also in the type species B. vertumnia; the only significant difference between them is the width of the fixigenae, which reach 50- 55% of posterior cranidial width in B. vertumnia, compared to almost 60% in B. oratrix. Compared with B. stenometopa, B. oratrix has a wider glabella at level of palpebral lobes, sagittally longer occipital ring, wider fixigenae and shorter palpebral lobes. Berabichia wilkesi is known from small, probably juvenile cranidia only, but the available specimens (Palmer &amp; Gatehouse 1972: pl. 9, figs 1, 2) are distinguished by distinct ocular ridges and a relatively wide anterior border. From B. erratica it differs in much wider fixigenae and longer palpebral lobes; moreover, B. erratica differs from other species of the genus in its trend to a sub-arcuate anterior margin of the cephalon. Berabichia rotundata is distinguished from the studied species by a relatively longer frontal area, a bluntly rounded anterior lobe of the glabella and a slightly wider and shallower occipital furrow (Ahlberg &amp; Bergström 1978: pl. 3, figs 1, 2).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF2D87B8FFF5FF9FFF20737EFB420AB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Żylińska, Anna;Kin, Adrian;Nowicki, Jakub	Żylińska, Anna, Kin, Adrian, Nowicki, Jakub (2013): Application of morphometric techniques for taxonomic revision of Berabichia oratrix (Orłowski, 1985) (Trilobita, Cambrian) from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Geodiversitas 35 (3): 505-528, DOI: 10.5252/g2013n3a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n3a1
