identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E7862BFFE7FFC5FCAFF982FC781B90.text	03E7862BFFE7FFC5FCAFF982FC781B90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kyrtatrypa Struve 1966	<div><p>Genus Kyrtatrypa Struve, 1966</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Atrypa (Kyrtatrypa) culminigera Struve, 1966. Eifel Mts, middle Eifelian.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7862BFFE7FFC5FCAFF982FC781B90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Halamski, Adam T.	Halamski, Adam T. (2013): Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from Silesia (Poland) and the age of the eo-Variscan collision in the Sudetes. Geodiversitas 35 (2): 289-308, DOI: 10.5252/g2013n2a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n2a1
03E7862BFFE1FFC0FF57FB06FBFD1B90.text	03E7862BFFE1FFC0FF57FB06FBFD1B90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kyrtatrypa barnimi Halamski 2013	<div><p>Kyrtatrypa barnimi n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs 2-4)</p> <p>Atrypa reticularis – Dames 1868: 496, 497. —? Gunia 1966: 310, pl. 8: 9.</p> <p>Atrypa ex gr. reticularis – Grocholski 1969: 246 (e.p.), non pl. 5: 2.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Articulated shell MB.B.2425, holotype. 58 paratypes: MB. B 2416-2418, 2419 c, 2420, 2422, 2426, 2427; PIG 139.II.35-37; MGUWr 191s, 323s, 5361s.1-7 and fragments MGUWr 5359s, 5361s, 5363s.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — In honour of Wilhelm Barnim Dames (1843-1898), collector of a large part of the type material.</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Pogorzała Formation, Late Frasnian.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Abandoned quarry “Lake Daisy”, Mokrzeszów (Oberkunzendorf), Świebodzice Depression, Sudetes, Poland.</p> <p>STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE. — Only type locality and horizon.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Kyrtatrypa with slightly to markedly dorsibiconvex shell and moderately fine ornamentation. Spiralia of about eight whorls.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Shell approximately as wide as long (width to length ratio from 0.86 to 1.15; mean value 1.01, N=23), rounded through subrectangular to subtriangular in outline, slightly to markedly dorsibiconvex, up to 35.7 mm wide and to 27.0 mm thick. Maximum width and thickness at ⅓ to ½ of the shell length from the umbo. Anterior commissure rectimarginate in young specimens to uniplicate in adults, its deflexion rounded to triangular in outline, very low to low, occupying ⅓ to ½ of the shell width. Ventral interarea anacline; ventral beak strong, incurved, appressed to the dorsal valve. Dorsal interarea and beak not visible. Ribs undulose, relatively fine, straight, 5-6(-7) per 5 mm at anterior commissure, new ones arising by bifurcation on both valves. Growth lamellae fine. Frills (Fig. 3) up to 16 mm long.</p> <p>Interior (Fig. 4): shell relatively thick walled, with a thick tertiary layer. Ventral valve: pedicle callist thick and continuing anteriorly for about 5 mm; teeth stout, with strong lateral lobes; dental nuclei absent. Dorsal valve: median septum moderately strong; a weak cardinal process in form of a pad, enclosed within the cardinal pit; hinge plates stout; socket plates thin, arcuate; crural base strong, jugal process rather long and stout; spiralia of about 8 thin whorls.</p> <p>DISCUSSION</p> <p>This species is assigned to Kyrtatrypa Struve, 1966 on account of its dorsibiconvex to aequibiconvex shell and presence of frills. Its internal structures are very similar to those of Kyrtatrypa culminigera Struve, 1966 (Copper 2002: fig. 947e-g), except for a higher number of spiralia whorls (11) in the latter. The internal structures of Kyrtatrypa balda Havlíček, 1987 (Havlíček 1987: fig. 2) are also similar to those of the described species.</p> <p>Kyrtatrypa barnimi n. sp. differs from K. brandonensis (Stainbrook, 1938) from the Lower Frasnian Cedar Valley beds of Iowa in its finer ornamentation (Stainbrook 1938). Kyrtatrypa ? teicherti (Coleman, 1951), a poorly known taxon from the Frasnian of Western Australia, has a flatter ventral valve and finer ornamentation (Coleman 1951; Grey 1977); the generic assignment of this species is uncertain (Ma et al. 2006: 798). The nearest species seems to be the early Givetian Kyrtatrypa n. sp. from Błonia Sierżawskie near Świętomarz (see Halamski &amp; Segit 2006) in the northern part of the Holy Cross Mountains (K. pauli, nomen nudum, Halamski 2004:text-fig.31-33; pl. 6: 8, 7: 1-4; = Kyrtatrypa sp. sensu Zapalski 2005) from which the species described here differs in less convex dorsal valve and more convex ventral one, smaller apical angle, and more dense ornamentation.</p> <p>The genus Kyrtatrypa was once supposed to occur up to the end of the Frasnian stage (Copper 1998: fig. 1); however, its Late Frasnian occurrences have appeared doubtful (Copper 2002: 1396) due to imprecise biostratigraphic dating (Racki 1998: 396) and uncertain taxonomy (Ma et al. 2006: 798). As a matter of fact, Frasnian representatives of Kyrtatrypa are scarce, including only K. brandonensis from Iowa and K. teicherti from the Canning Basin (see above for details); both taxa come from lower parts of the Frasnian. Consequently, K. barnimi n. sp. from the Late Frasnian represents probably the last known representative of the genus and, additionally, the first Frasnian species from Europe.</p> <p>It may be noted that this species is distinguished from co-occurring Pseudogruenewaldtia tschernyschewi Rzhonsnitskaya, 1960 by the presence of frills (present in several representatives of the subfamily Atrypinae Gill, 1871, absent in the Pseudogruenewaldtiinae Rzhonsnitskaya, Yudina &amp; Sokiran, 1997; see Copper 2002).</p> <p>Genus Pseudogruenewaldtia</p> <p>Rzhonsnitskaya, 1960</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Pseudogruenewaldtia tschernyschewi Rzhonsnitskaya, 1960. Timan, Late Frasnian.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7862BFFE1FFC0FF57FB06FBFD1B90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Halamski, Adam T.	Halamski, Adam T. (2013): Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from Silesia (Poland) and the age of the eo-Variscan collision in the Sudetes. Geodiversitas 35 (2): 289-308, DOI: 10.5252/g2013n2a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n2a1
03E7862BFFEDFFCDFF10FC18FE2E199B.text	03E7862BFFEDFFCDFF10FC18FE2E199B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudogruenewaldtia tschernyschewi Rzhonsnitskaya 1960	<div><p>Pseudogruenewaldtia tschernyschewi Rzhonsnitskaya, 1960</p> <p>(Figs 5; 6)</p> <p>Pseudogruenewaldtia tschernyschewi Rzhonsnitskaya, 1960: 46, pl. 1: 7, pl. 2: 4; 1964: 107, pl. 2: 6, pl. 5: 4. — Rzhonsnitskaya et al. 1998: 328, figs 19, 20.</p> <p>Atrypa zonata – Dames 1868: 497, pl. 11a-c.</p> <p>Grunnewaldtia latilinguis – Ljaschenko 1959: 175, pl. 51: 5-7 [lapsus calami pro Gruenewaldtia].</p> <p>Atrypa ex gr. reticularis – Grocholski 1969: 246, pl. 5: 2 (e.p.).</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 21 articulated shells from Mokrzeszów, MB.B.297.1-10, 2419.1-2, 2420.1-2; MGUWr 5358s.1- 6, 5360s.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Shell up to 49.4 mm wide (mean value in the sample 29.8 mm), more often wider than long (width to length ratio from 0.88 to 1.44; mean value 1.07, N=10), rounded in outline, dorsibiconvex in young specimens, ventribiconvex (e.g., Fig. 5 Q-U) to dorsibiconvex (e.g., Fig. 5 AA-EE) in adults. Maximal width somewhat anteriorly to midlength (½ to ³⁄₅ of the shell length), maximal thickness posteriorly to midlength (⅓ to ½ of the shell length). Anterior commissure uniplicate, its deflexion rounded in outline, relatively low, occupying ⅓ to ³⁄₅ of the shell width. Ventral interarea concave, apsacline in young specimens; beak (foramen not observed) strongly incurved in older specimens, the interarea becoming thus anacline. Dorsal interarea not visible. A shallow flat-bottomed ventral sulcus is present in the largest specimens, its width at anterior commissure being 1⁄₆ of that of the shell. Ribs undulose, fine, 8-10 per 5 mm at anterior commissure, new ones appearing (especially in posterior part) by bifurcation, seldom by intercalation. Growth lamellae (preserved only exceptionally) imbricate. Interior not studied.</p> <p>DISCUSSION</p> <p>The agreement of the described brachiopods from Mokrzeszów in external form (general shape and presence of a similar ventral furrow in the largest specimens), character and density of ornamenta- tion with the type material of Pseudogruenewaldtia tschernyschewi from Timan (northern Urals, Russia) make strong case for the conspecificity of both samples even if interior of the described material could not be studied because of scarcity of the collection. Pseudogruenewaldtia elongata Alekseeva, 1996 from north-eastern Siberia, has much more elongate shells.</p> <p>For discussion of differences with Kyrtatrypa barnimi n. sp. co-occurring in the same outcrop, see above. The stratigraphic implications of the presence of Pseudogruenewaldtia tschernyschewi in the studied material are discussed below.</p> <p>Reworked representatives of Pseudogruenewaldtia occur in Famennian volcanoclastics (Langenaubacher Tuffbrekzie) in the Dill Syncline (Rhenish Massif, Hessia, Germany) (Copper, pers. comm. 2011).</p> <p>The peculiar palaeogeographic distribution of Pseudogruenewaldtia tschernyschewi (Timan, Bohemia, possibly Rhenish Massif; absent either in the Central Devonian Field or in the Holy Cross Mountains) would have been explained by a migration route along the southern margin of Fennoscandia through the Latvian Isthmus had it not been for brackish conditions in these regions in the Frasnian (Lebedev et al. 2010). A straighter dispersion route is to be invoked and the absence of the discussed species in the abovementioned regions is more probably related to the patchiness of the record.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7862BFFEDFFCDFF10FC18FE2E199B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Halamski, Adam T.	Halamski, Adam T. (2013): Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from Silesia (Poland) and the age of the eo-Variscan collision in the Sudetes. Geodiversitas 35 (2): 289-308, DOI: 10.5252/g2013n2a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n2a1
03E7862BFFEFFFCDFF1CFB45FEC718BD.text	03E7862BFFEFFFCDFF1CFB45FEC718BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinatrypa Stainbrook 1951	<div><p>Genus Spinatrypa Stainbrook, 1951</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Atrypa hystrix var. occidentalis Hall, 1858 sensu Stainbrook 1945 (lapsus calami pro Atrypa aspera var. occidentalis Hall, 1858). Iowa, Late Givetian Cedar Valley limestone.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7862BFFEFFFCDFF1CFB45FEC718BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Halamski, Adam T.	Halamski, Adam T. (2013): Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from Silesia (Poland) and the age of the eo-Variscan collision in the Sudetes. Geodiversitas 35 (2): 289-308, DOI: 10.5252/g2013n2a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n2a1
03E7862BFFEFFFCBFF60FA43FEE91939.text	03E7862BFFEFFFCBFF60FA43FEE91939.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinatrypa mariaetheresiae Halamski 2013	<div><p>Spinatrypa mariaetheresiae n. sp. (Figs 7; 8)</p> <p>Spinatrypa aspera – Gunia 1966: 310, 311.</p> <p>Spinatrypa bifidaeformis – Gunia 1968: 166, pl. 7: 18, 19. TYPE MATERIAL. — Articulated shell MB.B. 2424.2, holotype. 13 paratypes: MB.B.2414-2415; MGUWr 5360s (Spinatrypa bifidaeformis sensu Gunia, 1966; Witoszów, outcrop 15), 5361s (Spinatrypa aspera sensu Gunia, 1968; Witoszów, outcrop 15), 5364s.1- 4, 5365s.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — In honour of Mary Theresa Olivia Fürstin von Pless, Reichsgräfin von Hochberg, Freifrau zu Fürstenstein (1873-1943), called Daisy, a former owner of the type outcrop, organiser of humanitarian aid during both World Wars.</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Pogorzała Formation, Late Frasnian.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Abandoned quarry “Lake Daisy”, Mokrzeszów (Oberkunzendorf), Świebodzice Depression, Sudetes, Poland.</p> <p>STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE. — Świebodzice Depression, Mokrzeszów and Witoszów, Frasnian (most probably in both cases Late Frasnian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Spinatrypa with high, pronounced tongue, sixteen to twenty ribs, stout teeth and large dental cavities.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Shell usually slightly wider than long(W/L from 0.95 to 1.16; mean value 1.06, N=8), subcircular in outline,nearly aequibiconvex to markedly dorsibiconvex, up to 24.0 mm wide (mean value 17.4 mm), rather thick in older specimens. Maximal width and thickness slightly posteriorly to midlength. Apical angle about 120-130°. Anterior commissure uniplicate, its deflexion rounded (more seldom subtrapezoidal) in outline, very high; occupying ⅔ of the shell width. Ventral beak (preserved only in young specimens) acute, nearly straight. Ventral interarea orthocline. Ribs spinose strong, rounded, 3-4 per 5 mm at anterior commissure, new ones appearing by bifurcation. Growth lamellae (seldom preserved) strong, 3-4 per 5 mm in central part of the shell; traces of spine insertion at intersection of growth lamellae with ribs. Interior (Fig. 8). Ventral valve: dental cavities very large; teeth strong and massive. Dorsal valve damaged in apical region in the sectioned specimen; sockets strong, crura ventrally directed.</p> <p>DISCUSSION</p> <p>This species is included within Spinatrypa on account of its coarse costation and large dental cavities. Its high, pronounced tongue is more or less constant in adult specimens (Fig. 7N, S, X, CC).</p> <p>The great majority of Frasnian representatives of the genus Spinatrypa possess much less pronounced tongue. This is the case of S. bunkeri Day &amp; Copper, 1998, S. planosulcata (Webster, 1888), S. rockfordensis (Fenton &amp; Fenton, 1924), S. thompsoni Day &amp; Copper, 1998, and S. trulla (Stainbrook, 1945) from western North America (Day &amp; Copper 1998), S. ningxiangensis Zhao in Yang et al. 1977 (see Ma 1992), S. subkwangsiensis (Tien, 1938) both from China (Ma et al. 2006), S. longispina (Rigaux, 1872) from Boulonnais (northern France; see Godefroid 1988), S. plicata (Rzhonsnitskaya,1964) from Russia (Rzhonsnitskaya et al. 1998), S. montanensis (Kindle, 1908) from Montana (Laird 1947), S. tribulosa Norris, 1992 from Arctic Canada (Norris et al. 1992). This may be said also about approximately coeval Spinatrypa ex gr. bifidaeformis (Tschernyschew, 1887) and Spinatrypa ex gr. semilukiana Lyashenko, 1959 from the Holy Cross Mts. (Racki &amp; Baliński 1998), and slightly older Spinatrypa semilukiana Ljaschenko, 1959 from the Dębnik Anticline (Baliński 1979, 2006). Spinatrypa hystrix (Hall, 1858) from New York and S. obsolescens (Cooper &amp; Dutro, 1982) from New Mexico have very low, obsolescent costae (Cooper 1944; Cooper &amp; Dutro 1982).</p> <p>Two Frasnian taxa from New Mexico, Spinatrypa compacta Cooper &amp; Dutro, 1982 and S. trulla decorticata Cooper &amp; Dutro, 1982 may possess a large tongue. The former differs from the Sudetes material in its straight shoulder line and the latter is usually wider (Cooper &amp; Dutro 1982).</p> <p>Spinatrypa lambermontensis Mottequin, 2003 from the Late Frasnian of the Vesdre nappe and the Dinant Synclinorium (southern Belgium; see also Mottequin 2008: 501; erroneously reported from the Pragian by Hubert et al. 2007: 260) is quite similar to the form described here in overall shape, yet its ornamentation is slightly finer (usually over 20 ribs in total; 16-20 in the coarse-ribbed variant of our species). Moreover, S. mariaetheresiae possesses large dental cavities, whereas only small dental nuclei are present in S. lambermontensis (Mottequin 2003: fig. 4).</p> <p>Spinatrypa rossica Rzhonsnitskaya in Rzhonsnitskaya, Markovskii, Yudina &amp; Sokiran, 1998 from the Late Frasnian of SW Urals may also possess a strong tongue but the ornamentation is very coarse (total number of ribs 10-14; Rzhonsnitskaya et al. 1998). Serial sections of this species have unfortunately not been provided.</p> <p>In view of the comparison with all available Frasnian taxa of the genus Spinatrypa presented above the material from the Frasnian of the Sudetes is best described as a new species. It may be noted that the two nearest species, namely S. lambermontensis Mottequin, 2003 and S. rossica Rzhonsnitskaya, 1998 are both also Late Frasnian in age. The Givetian species Isospinatrypa givetica Rzhonsnitskaya, 1968 from the Kuznetsk basin (Rzhonsnitskaya 1975: pl. 24, figs 7, 8) may possess a similar tongue but is always aequibiconvex.</p> <p>The material from Mokrzeszów contain two forms with similar ornamentation pattern but different ornamentation density. The commoner form has coarser costae and costellae (Fig. 7 A-Y), whereas the rarer form possesses finer radial ornamentation (Fig. 7 Z-DD). In view of nearly identical shape (in particular, the characteristic tongue) they have been interpreted as two morphotypes of a single species. A similar dimorphism has been reported in Spinatrypina soetenica (Struve, 1964) (Eifel Mts, Lower Givetian; Copper 1967) and Spinatrypina (Exatrypa) relicta Racki &amp; Baliński, 1998 (Łgawa Hill, Holy Cross Mts, Late Frasnian; Racki &amp; Baliński 1998: 284).</p> <p>Both Spinatrypa aspera sensu Gunia, 1966 and S. bifidaeformis sensu Gunia, 1968 correspond to Spinatrypa sp. described here. However, the sample of Spinatrypa tubaecostata sensu Gunia, 1966 [non Spinatrypina tubaecostata (Paeckelmann, 1913)] is a mixture of fragmentarily preserved atrypids (probably all three species described here), indeterminable in large part.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7862BFFEFFFCBFF60FA43FEE91939	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Halamski, Adam T.	Halamski, Adam T. (2013): Frasnian Atrypida (Brachiopoda) from Silesia (Poland) and the age of the eo-Variscan collision in the Sudetes. Geodiversitas 35 (2): 289-308, DOI: 10.5252/g2013n2a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n2a1
