identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0E6887D4FFB6FF984EBCFB77FB95B714.text	0E6887D4FFB6FF984EBCFB77FB95B714.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphilidae Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphilidae stat. rev.</p> <p>Iteaphilinae Wahlberg &amp; Johanson, 2018: 634. Type genus: Iteaphila Zetterstedt, 1838.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFB6FF984EBCFB77FB95B714	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFB6FF964EBCFAA0FC39B368.text	0E6887D4FFB6FF964EBCFAA0FC39B368.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila Zetterstedt	<div><p>Iteaphila Zetterstedt</p> <p>(Figs 1–3, 5–9, 11–18)</p> <p>Iteophila Zetterstedt, 1837: 31, nomen nudum.</p> <p>Iteaphila Zetterstedt, 1838: 540. Type species: Iteaphila macquarti Zetterstedt, 1838 (des. Coquillett, 1903: 251).</p> <p>Steleocheta Becker, 1887: 129. Type species: Steleocheta setacea Becker, 1887 (by monotypy) (= Iteaphila macquarti Zetterstedt, 1838).</p> <p>Stelochaeta or Steleochaeta, errors: Chvála &amp; Wagner, 1989: 230.</p> <p>Anthepiscopus Becker, 1891: 281. Type species: Anthepiscopus ribesii Becker, 1891 (des. Coquillett, 1903: 246), syn. nov.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Iteaphila is newly defined and distinguished by the following combination of characters: postpedicel elongate and nearly parallel-sided;stylus usually short and quadrate, one-articled with distinct apical mechanoreceptor (sensillum); proboscis generally elongate and obliquely projecting; labrum generally elongate, without epipharyngeal blades; palpi elongate and parallel with labrum; prosternum isolated, not fused to proepisternum; scutellum with more than 3 pairs of apical setae; laterotergite bare; male legs unmodified; basal costal seta absent; R 4+5 branched or unbranched; cell dm usually truncate apically; male terminalia usually with hypoproct process; closely approximated postgonites; inner apodeme and phallic guide present; surstylus hook-like; without epandrial lobe.</p> <p>Remarks. The monophyly of the genera Iteaphila and Anthepiscopus with respect to each other has long been questioned. The genera are only distinguishable on the basis of the radial branching and if the wings are lost, generic assignment is difficult. It became clear in this third study on the group, that male genitalic characters grouped species from both genera and occasionally the form of R 4+5 was variable within species. In addition, the cladistic analyses discussed above resulted in grouping species from both genera and clearly indicate that the genera are not monophyletic with respect to each other. We believe that these observations and analyses justify combining these genera and the proposal that Anthepiscopus is a junior synonym of Iteaphila.</p> <p>The above definition more clearly defines and distinguishes the genus Iteaphila and excludes the species of the Iteaphila setosa species group (Figs 4, 10). These species are here transferred to a new genus diagnosed below.</p> <p>Iteaphila is exclusively a Holarctic genus and the Chilean species, Anthepiscopus extimus Collin, 1933 is not congeneric. This species is conspecific with “new genus 2”, originally thought to be related to Iteaphila because of the angle of the proboscis and flower visiting habits (Sinclair &amp; Cumming 2000) and is presently tentatively assigned to the Empidinae (Rafael et al., in prep.). This undescribed genus is characterized also by both branched and unbranched R 4+5 species, complete precoxal bridge, arched palpi, epipharyngeal blades present, slender stylus, row of long, erect setae at base of prementum, upright epandrium without dorsal bridge, long slender phallus, hypoproct not produced into processes and postgonites present.</p> <p>Genitalic homologies. The revision of this group of species enabled us to confirm the genitalic homologies of the processes arising from near the base of the phallus, associated lateral apodemes (especially enlarged in nupta group) and paired flanking processes. The confusion was created by the posterior displacement of where the phallus and hypandrium come together. The phallus articulates with a narrow bridge from which the paired, closely approximated median postgonites arch dorsally (Figs 37, 58). Also associated with the bridge are paired inner apodemes between the ejaculatory and gonocoxal apodemes (Fig. 29, i apod). The paired processes flanking the phallus are termed the phallic guide (Figs 32, 53) and appear to be associated with an apical invagination of the hypandrium which arches anteriorly beneath the phallus and guide as far as the base of the phallic guide, but this region is mostly membranous and it is difficult to follow connections.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFB6FF964EBCFAA0FC39B368	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFBBFF954EBCFAEAFEFCB57C.text	0E6887D4FFBBFF954EBCFAEAFEFCB57C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraiteaphila Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Paraiteaphila gen. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 4, 10)</p> <p>Type species: Rhagas setosa Bezzi, 1924: 14.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FC24301F-2538-4DCC-B53D-74806B46994C</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new genus is defined by the following combination of characters: postpedicel with broad base, with apical half tapered; stylus comprises two articles, shorter or longer than half length of postpedicel with apical mechanoreceptor or sensillum greatly reduced in length; prosternum isolated, not fused to proepisternum; scutellum with 2–3 pairs of apical setae; laterotergite bare; male hind femur usually modified; wing with basal costal seta present; R 4+5 branched or unbranched; cell dm produced apically (Fig. 10); male terminalia with epandrial lobe ventral to distinctly digitiform surstylus; phallic guide and inner apodeme absent (see Shamshev &amp; Sinclair (2009) for further details).</p> <p>Remarks. The following new combinations are proposed: P. arundela (Shamshev &amp; Sinclair, 2009) comb. nov., P. caucasica (Shamshev &amp; Sinclair, 2009) comb. nov., P. italica (Loew, 1873) comb. nov., P. kubaniensis (Shamshev &amp; Sinclair, 2009) comb. nov., P. merzi (Shamshev &amp; Sinclair, 2009) comb. nov. and P. setosa (Bezzi, 1924) comb. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFBBFF954EBCFAEAFEFCB57C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFBAFF944EBCFB63FF29B77A.text	0E6887D4FFBAFF944EBCFB63FF29B77A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila bulbosa	<div><p>Iteaphila bulbosa species group</p> <p>This species group is defined by the broad epandrial bridge, spiny projections on the apical section of the hypandrium, and very short hypoproct processes. In addition to I. bulbosa Sinclair with vein R 4+5 branched (removed from I. pumila species group from Sinclair &amp; Shamshev (2012)), this group includes the following four new species (Table 3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFBAFF944EBCFB63FF29B77A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFBAFF944EBCFF5CFA00B154.text	0E6887D4FFBAFF944EBCFF5CFA00B154.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphilidae Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Key to genera and species groups (males only) of Iteaphilidae</p> <p>1 Postpedicel with broad base, with apical half tapered; stylus comprises two articles, shorter or longer than half length of postpedicel with apical sensillum greatly reduced in length; scutellum with 2–3 pairs of apical setae; male hind femur usually modified; wing with basal costa seta present; cell dm produced apically (Fig. 10); male terminalia with epandrial lobe ventral to distinctly digitiform surstylus........................................................ Paraiteaphila gen. nov.</p> <p>- Postpedicel elongate and nearly parallel-sided; stylus usually short and quadrate, one-articled with distinct apical sensillum; scutellum with more than 3 pairs of apical setae; male legs unmodified; basal costal seta absent; cell dm usually truncate apically (Figs 7, 8, 11); male terminalia without epandrial lobe; surstylus hook-like.......... Iteaphila................ 2</p> <p>2 Epandrial bridge broad, at least one-quarter length of epandrium (Figs 21–24)................. I. bulbosa species group</p> <p>- Epandrial bridge narrow, less than one-quarter length of epandrium.............................................. 3</p> <p>3 Phallus elongate, extending beyond and around epandrium (Figs 7, 36)...................... I. nitidula species group</p> <p>- Phallus shorter, extending little beyond epandrium........................................................... 4</p> <p>4 Phallic guide with jagged margin; postgonite usually extended to dorsal margin of epandrium (Figs 37, 38, 41–48, 53–58).................................................................................... I. nupta species group</p> <p>- Phallic guide without jagged margin; postgonite not extended to dorsal margin of epandrium......................... 5</p> <p>5 Apex of phallus greatly expanded into funnel or cup-shape (Figs 9, 77, 78)..................... I. stentor species group</p> <p>- Apex of phallus not expanded........................................................................... 6</p> <p>6 Hypoproct without paired processes................................................. I. triangula species group</p> <p>- Hypoproct with paired processes......................................................................... 7</p> <p>7 Phallus with recurved apex; phallic guide without spine-like microtrichia; shaft of phallus without internal skeleton pattern (Figs 59–61, 67–70, 75)............................................................ I. oedalina species group</p> <p>- Phallus with straight or gently curved apex; phallic guide often with spine-like microtrichia; shaft of phallus often with internal skeleton pattern (Figs 29–32)...................................................... I. macquarti species group</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFBAFF944EBCFF5CFA00B154	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFBAFF914EBCFA03FDD9B3DC.text	0E6887D4FFBAFF914EBCFA03FDD9B3DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila beringiensis Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila beringiensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 11, 21, 27, 28)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6E364149-1C78-402C-83DB-FE30AC2716B4</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled [printed in Cyrillic, Russian]: “[RUSSIA] Nizhnie Kresty [now Chersky, 68°46′N 161°20′E]/ Kolyma, Yakutia/ Gorodkov 26.vi.[1]963”; “shore, on inflorescences of willow”; “ Iteaphila / beringiensis/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (ZIN). PARATYPES: CANADA. Northwest Territories: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-135.01167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=68.220276" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -135.01167/lat 68.220276)">Aklavik</a> [68°13′13″N 135°00′42″W], 7–25.vi.1931, O. Bryant (6 ♂, 5 ♀, CAS). Yukon: Ivvavik NP, 69.169°, -140.167°, tundra, MT, 10.vi.2014, A. Baetz, BIOUG16789 -C09 (1 ♂, barcoded, CBG); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-140.98334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.42389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -140.98334/lat 67.42389)">Rampart House</a> [67°25′26″N 140°59′00″W], 2.vi.1951, J.E.H. Martin (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC). MONGOLIA. Khövsgöl Aimag, Khövsgöl Nuur (lake) area, E side, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.79472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.203056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.79472/lat 51.203056)">Noyon</a> gol (stream), 51 km E Khankh, 51°12′11″N 100°47′41″E, 1669 m, 18.vi.1996, G.K. Gelhaus, B. Namkhaidorj (1 ♂, 1 ♀, ANSP). RUSSIA. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: West Chukotka, nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=170.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=69.63333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 170.25/lat 69.63333)">Pevek</a> (7 km S, dam), 69°38′N 170°15′E, 6.vi.2011, O.A. Khruleva (3 ♂, 2 ♀, ZIN); Western Chukotka, lower flow of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=170.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=69.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 170.65/lat 69.8)">Apapelgin River</a>, 69°48′N 170°39′E, biotope 23, 24.vi.2011, O.A. Khruleva (1 ♀, ZIN); Pevek, 24 km SE, 150 m, willow in valley, 1.vii.1963, Gorodkov (2 ♀, ZIN). Krasnoyarskiy Territory: Taimyr, 114 km from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.0/lat 71.4)">Khatanga</a> along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.0/lat 71.4)">Katuy River</a>, 14 m, 71.4°N 103°E, 22.vi.2010, A. Barkalov (1 ♂, ZIN); Taimyr, 114 km from Khatanga over <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.0/lat 71.4)">Kotuy River</a>, 14 m, 71.4°N 103°E, 20.vi.2010, A. Barkalov (2 ♂, 2 ♀, SZM); Valley of river Tanchi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.16667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=57.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.16667/lat 57.65)">Ayan-Nelkan</a> [ca 57°39′N 136°10′E], 9–15.vi.1903, Popov (1 ♂, ZIN). Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Same data as holotype (7 ♂, 9 ♀, ZIN); near Olenek River, v.1874, Czekanowski (1 ♂, ZIN); Aldan River, near mouth of Timpton River [nr 58°44′01″N 127°10′40″E], 25.v.1926, Zaikov, Yakutian expedition of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.17777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.733612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.17777/lat 58.733612)">Academy of Sciences</a> of the USSR (7 ♂, ZIN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.78334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=61.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.78334/lat 61.783333)">Khoptagay</a> [61°47′N 129°47′E], flood-lands, on willow, 22.v.1973, Bogachanova (1 ♂, ZIN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.38333/lat 67.55)">Verkhoyansk</a> [67°33′N 133°23′E], 5.vi.1927, Tkachenko (1 ♂, ZIN); Oymuranskaya [61°06′N 127°21′E], right shore of middle course of Lena River, 12.vi.1926, V. L. Bianki, Yakutian expedition of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=61.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.35/lat 61.1)">Academy of Sciences</a> of the USSR (1 ♀, ZIN). Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: yurta <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.38333/lat 66.65)">Labyt-nang</a> [now town Labytnangi, 66°39′N 66°23′E], opposite Obdorsk [now Salekhard], 24.vi.1925, Fridolin (3 ♂, 2 ♀, ZIN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.71667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.183334/lat 66.71667)">Malaya Khanema River</a> [now Maly Khanmey, ~ 66°43′N 66°11′E], Obdorsk [now Salekhard], 28.vi.1925, Fridolin (1 ♂, ZIN). USA. Alaska: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-152.14417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=69.36694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -152.14417/lat 69.36694)">Umiat</a> [69°22′01″N 152°08′39″W], 10.vi.1947, L.A. Jackowoiki (1 ♂, USNM); same data except, C. Schultz (1 ♂, USNM); same data except, 23.vi.1947, M.L. Knight (1 ♂, USNM).</p> <p>Additional material. RUSSIA. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: Pevek, 24 km SE 1.vii.1963, Gorodkov (1 ♀, ZIN). Krasnoyarskiy Territory: Taimyr, 114 km from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.0/lat 71.4)">Khatanga</a> along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.0/lat 71.4)">Katuy River</a>, 14 m, 71.4°N 103°E, 22 and 28.vi.2010, A. Barkalov (2 ♀, SZM). Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Yakutsk, 21.vi.1925, L. Bianki (1 ♀, ZIN); near mouth of Aldan River, 29.vi.1926, L. Bianki (1 ♀, ZIN); Nizhnie Kresty, Kolyma, 25.vi.1963, Gorodkov (2 ♀, ZIN). Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Sob River and Bolshoy Ural, 4.vii.1925, Fridolin (1 ♀, ZIN); Bolshaya Khanema River and up to Maly Ural, 1.vii.1925, Fridolin (1 ♀, ZIN).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from similar species with a broad epandrial bridge by the broad and tapered postpedicel, longer mouthparts and a phallus that does not extend beyond the epandrium.</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.2–3.5 mm. Male (Fig. 11). Head dark brown in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of hair-like setae, anterior pair longer than posterior pair. Postvertical setae subequal with postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather broad, tapered, nearly 3 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded; stylus ca 2.5 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about two-thirds length of segment 9. Proboscis medium-length, projected obliquely, partially retracted into head obscuring true length; labium distinctly shorter than head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, robust with expanded apex, shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle usually dark, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, with 2 indistinct paler vittae between acr and dc setae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, with 2 indistinct darker vittae; meso-pleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr long, bi- to 4-serial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 7–9 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of all legs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct, brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin as faint line. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 21) concolourous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved strongly at midlength, with broad, truncate arrowhead-shaped apex (viewed posteriorly), bearing teeth-like projections; gonocoxal apodeme long and broad; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite short, straight, divided deeply into pair of slender lobes. Phallic guide reduced, not clearly distinguished from phallus. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge broad, one quarter length of epandrium; produced distally into short, slender dorsally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus without projection medially. Phallus broad, arched, not extending beyond epandrium, directed towards base of cerci, without subapical bend; apex trifid, median fork broadest; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, subequal in length with gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, digitiform, one-fourth length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced slightly laterally, not projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows:Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small.Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, somewhat paler than male with reduced chaetotaxy. Abdomen with shorter, less prominent setae, sternite 8 shiny. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Holarctic: Eurasia: Mongolia, Russia (Chukotka AO, Krasnoyarskiy Terr., Yakutia, Yamalo-Nenets AO); North America: Canada (Northwest Territories, Yukon), USA (Alaska). This species is primarily found in Beringia, with additional records in the mountains of northern Mongolia (Figs 27, 28).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the primarily Beringian distribution of this species.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is most closely related to I. bifida on the basis of the shape and armature of the hypandrium and form of the surstylus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFBAFF914EBCFA03FDD9B3DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFBEFF8F4EBCFAC7FBE1B5D0.text	0E6887D4FFBEFF8F4EBCFAC7FBE1B5D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila bifida Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila bifida sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 2, 22, 26)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 663D1748-6AFA-412D-885F-5266CD2EE8C3</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.94444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.396114" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.94444/lat 49.396114)">Mt. Seymour</a> [49°23′46″N 122°56′40″W]/ B.C. [Canada] 930 m / 17.v.1973,J. R.Vockeroth”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / bifida/ Sinclair&amp; Shamshev[red label]”(CNC). PARATYPES: CANADA. British Columbia: same data as holotype (4 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.680016&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.615334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.680016/lat 50.615334)">4 km E Kingfisher</a>, 50°36.920′N 118°40.801′W, 11.v.2010, Shepherdia flowers, AB (10 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same data except CNC197582 (1 ♂, barcoded, CNC); 6 mi E Glacier NP [51°18′0″N 117°31′7″W], 11.v.–15.vi.1984, FIT, R. S. Anderson (1 ♂, DEBG). USA. California: El Dorado Co., Echo Lk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.043&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.833706" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.043/lat 38.833706)">Eldorado</a> NF, 2285 m, 31.v.2009, 38°50′1.34″N 120°2′34.79″W, willows, BJS (7 ♀, CNC); same data except, CNC161429, CNC161431, CNC161430 (1 ♂, 2 ♀, barcoded, CNC). Oregon: Linn Co., Tombstone Pass, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.140274&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.395737" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.140274/lat 44.395737)">Hackleman Ck</a>, fir woods with snow patches, 44.395738 -122.140275, 2.v.2014, S. Fitzgerald (2 ♂, CNC).</p> <p>Additional material examined. USA. California: Alpine Co., W Fk Carson R, Snowshoe Springs Cpgd [38°46′31″N 119°53′50″W], 6600 ft, 20.vi.1971, PHA (1 ♀, CAS); Mono Co., Tioga Pass [37°54′44″N 119°15′28″W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.257774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.912224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.257774/lat 37.912224)">Hall Area</a> site, 9.viii.1969, A. R. Moldenke, ex. Ribes montigenum (1 ♀, CAS); Nevada Co., Norden [39°19′05″N 120°21′22″W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.35611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.318054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.35611/lat 39.318054)">Cal Lodge</a>, 2130 m, 21.vi.1987, PHA (1 ♀, USNM); Plumas Co., Lassen NF, N Fk Feather R. [40°02′24″N 121°13′12″W], 28.v.1977, DDW (3 ♀, CAS); Tuolumne Co., Deadman Ck [38°19′44″N 119°42′21″W], 8000 ft, 12.vii.1977, DDW (1 ♀, CAS).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from similar species (with distinctly expanded base of the postpedicel) by a bifid apex of the phallus that arises just beyond the epandrium between the cerci (Fig. 22).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.3–3.5 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of hairlike setae, anterior pair longer than posterior pair. Postvertical setae subequal with postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, parallel-sided, nearly 3 times longer than basal width, base distinctly expanded; stylus ca 2.5 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about two-thirds length of segment 9. Proboscis medium-length, projected obliquely; labium distinctly shorter than head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, robust with expanded apex, shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally subshiny, with 2 indistinct pale pruinescent vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, with 2 indistinct paler vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr long, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (with additional setulae), 4–5 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5–6 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of all legs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin as faint line. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 22) slightly darker than abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long, strong setae, rounded, upcurved strongly at mid-length, with broad, truncate arrowhead-shaped apex (viewed posteriorly), bearing teeth-like projections; gonocoxal apodeme long and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite short, straight, divided deeply into pair of pointed, tapered lobes. Phallic guide not extended beyond epandrium, parallel and shorter than phallus, without bent apical section. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge broad, one quarter length of epandrium; produced distally into short, slender dorsally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus without projection medially. Phallus slender, arched slightly beyond epandrium, directed between cerci, without subapical bend; apex bifid, with fork parallel; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, subequal in length with gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, digitiform, one-third length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very short processes, slightly projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows:Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small.Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, somewhat paler than male with reduced chaetotaxy. Abdomen somewhat paler, with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (British Columbia), USA (California, Oregon). This species occurs primarily in the Pacific Northwest and California of North America (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin bifidus (forked), in reference to the forked apex of the phallus.</p> <p>Remarks. The females listed in the Additional material examined section require males to confirm the species identification. Consequently, these specimens were not included on the distribution map.</p> <p>This species is most closely related to I. beringiensis as described under that species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFBEFF8F4EBCFAC7FBE1B5D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFA0FF8B4EBCF93CFB04B1E0.text	0E6887D4FFA0FF8B4EBCF93CFB04B1E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila recta Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila recta sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 23, 26)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2E3BBA8D-4C53-4C3C-9F02-C379E800FF22</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “CAN: AB: Peter Lougheed/ PP, Ptarmigan Cirque Tr./ 10.vii.2012, 2208– 2366 m / N50°35.046′;W114°59.35′/ B.J. Sinclair ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / recta/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: CANADA. Alberta: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.0/lat 51.5)">Banff</a> [51.5°N 116.0°W], 12.vii.1922, C.B.D. Garrett (1 ♀, CNC); Banff, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.144726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.575/lat 51.144726)">Sulphur Mt.</a> [51°08′41″N 115°34′30″W], 5000–7000 ft, 24.vii.1925, ex. choke cherry, O. Bryant (11 ♀, CAS); Banff NP [51.5°N 116.0°W], 14 mi W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.0/lat 51.5)">Banff</a>, Ledum groenlandicum, 7 and 15.vii.1955, GES (4 ♀, CNC); Banff NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.15945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.21389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.15945/lat 52.21389)">Sunwapt Pass</a> [52°12′50″N 117°09′34″W], 6700 ft, 9.vii.1955, GES (1 ♀, CNC); Banff NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.50305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.71611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.50305/lat 51.71611)">Bow Pass</a> [51°42′58″N 116°30′11″W], 17.vii.1955, R. Coyles (1 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC); same data as holotype (23 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same data except, CNC197580, CNC197581 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, barcoded, CNC); 8 kmW Lake Louise, 31.v.1992, AB (30 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC); same data except, CNC161432 (1 ♂, barcoded, CNC); Lake Louise, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.26278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.397503" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.26278/lat 51.397503)">Plain of Six Glaciers</a> [51°23′51″N 116°15′46″W], 2.vii.1993, PHA &amp; M.M. Arnaud (4 ♂, USNM); Peter Lougheed PPk, Sarrail Ck, 9.vii.2012, ex. flowers, 50°36′25.7″N 115°7′48.61″W, BJS (9 ♀, CNC); same data except, CNC197576 (1 ♀, barcoded, CNC). British Columbia: Glacier NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.50694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.27639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.50694/lat 51.27639)">Rogers Pass</a> [51°16′35″N 117°30′25″W], 30.vi.1968, W.W. Wirth (1 ♂, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-133.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -133.06667/lat 58.683334)">Lisadele Lk.</a>, 58°41′N 133°04′W, 4000 ft, 9–11.vii.1960, R. Pilfrey (2 ♂, 10 ♀, CNC); same data except, 7– 9.vii.1960, WWM (1 ♂, 7 ♀, CNC); Mt. Revelstoke NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.10972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.081112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.10972/lat 51.081112)">Miller-Eva Lakes</a> [51°04′52″N 118°06′35″W], 6300 ft, 13.vii.1952, GJS (10 ♂, CNC); Eva Lk. trail, 6000 ft, 13.vii.1952, G.P. Holland (5 ♂, CNC); same data except, 9.vii.1952, GJS (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Mt. Revelstoke, 2–25.vii.1952, GJS (2 ♂, 15 ♀, CNC); 11 km SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.272224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.702225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.272224/lat 50.702225)">Salmon Arm</a> [50°42′8″N 119°16′20″W], 28.v.1992, AB, CNC161433 (1 ♂, barcoded, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.78333/lat 49.066666)">Manning Pk</a> [49°4′N 120°47′W], 1900 m, 27.vi.1984, R. Danielsson (1 ♂, 2 ♀, MZLU); Manning Pk, 29.vi.1973, H.J. Teskey (1 ♂, CNC); Summit Lk, mi 392 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.651115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.65167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.651115/lat 58.65167)">Alaska Hwy</a> [58°39′6″N 124°39′4″W], 18–27.vi.1959, REL (8 ♀, CNC); same data except, 19.vi., 26–27.vi.1959, E.E. MacDougall (3 ♀, CNC). Yukon: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-140.98334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.42389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -140.98334/lat 67.42389)">Rampart House</a> [67°25′26″N 140°59′00″W], 2.vi.1951, J.E.H. Martin (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC). USA. Alaska: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-134.41&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.32" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -134.41/lat 58.32)">Juneau</a> [58.32°N 134.41°W], 1.v.2006, bog, Coptis aspleniifolia, M. Willson (2 ♀, FSL). Colorado: Boulder Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.68278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.934166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.68278/lat 39.934166)">Corona Pass</a> [39°56′03″N 105°40′58″W], 6.vii.1961, JGC (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Grand Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.81334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.944168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.81334/lat 39.944168)">Fraser</a> [39°56′39″N 105°48′48″W], 9500 ft, 7.vii.1961, JGC (1 ♂, CNC); Mt. Evans, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.59056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.64639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.59056/lat 39.64639)">Timberline</a> [39°38′47″N 105°35′26″W], 11600 ft, 11.vii.1961, CHM (1 ♀, CNC); Niwot Ridge [40°03′51″N 105°35′21″W] nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.58917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.064167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.58917/lat 40.064167)">Ward</a>, 11500 ft, 28.vi., 4.vii.1961, CHM (7 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC). Montana: Gallatin Co., Gallatin Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.10139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.265278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.10139/lat 45.265278)">Windy Pass</a> [45°15′55″N 111°6′5″W], 14.vii.1968, M.A. Deyrup (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CUIC). Utah: Garfield Co., 15 km N Boulder [40°61′39″N 105°16′39″W], 20.vi.1994, JFM (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC). Wyoming: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.1375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.298054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.1375/lat 41.298054)">Centennial</a> [41°17′53″N 106°8′15″W], 2.vii.1936, I.H. Blake (1 ♂, AMNH); Yellowstone NP, 5 mi W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.48805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.73528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.48805/lat 44.73528)">Canyon</a> [44°44′7″N 110°29′17″W], 28.vi.1984, JFM (5 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from similar species (with the distinctly expanded base of the postpedicel) by an elongate phallus that extends well beyond the epandrium between the cerci (Fig. 23).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.3–4.2 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of hairlike setae, anterior pair longer than posterior pair. Postvertical setae subequal with postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, parallel-sided, nearly 3 times longer than basal width, base distinctly expanded; stylus ca 2.5 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about two-thirds length of segment 9. Proboscis medium-length, projected obliquely; labium distinctly shorter than head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, robust with expanded apex, shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally subshiny, with 2 indistinct pale pruinescent vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, with 2 indistinct paler vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr long, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (with additional setulae), 4–5 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5–6 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of all legs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) one-third or less length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin as faint line. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 23) slightly darker than abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved strongly at midlength, narrow and tapered, with narrow, bifid apex, bearing row of teeth-like projections along posterior margin; gonocoxal apodeme long and broad; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite very short, subtriangular. Phallic guide not extended beyond epandrium, parallel and shorter than phallus, without bent apical section. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge broad, one third length of epandrium; produced distally into short, slender dorsally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with pointed projection medially. Phallus slender, arched well beyond epandrium, directed between cerci, without subapical bend; apex slightly expanded posteriorly; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, slightly shorter than length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, digitiform, one-third length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very short processes, slightly projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows:Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small.Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, somewhat paler than male with reduced chaetotaxy. Abdomen somewhat paler with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon), USA (Alaska, Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming). This species is recorded from Alaska to Colorado, primarily along the Rocky Mountains (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin rectus (straight, upright), in reference to the upright, straight phallus that extends beyond the epandrium between the cerci.</p> <p>Remarks. Flowers of Fern-leaf goldthread (Coptis aspleniifolia Salisb., Ranunculaceae) were mostly visited by Iteaphila sp. and I. recta (Willson &amp; Anderson 2007; Sinclair &amp; Shamshev 2012) (Table 4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFA0FF8B4EBCF93CFB04B1E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFA5FF894EBCFBF5FF6CB6E4.text	0E6887D4FFA5FF894EBCFBF5FF6CB6E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila tribulosa Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila tribulosa sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 24–26)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 954FB1D6-8F5E-4390-ADB7-65B37F5C18E6</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “Canada. BC: Manning/ Provincial Park,/ Strawberry Flats 49°4′0″N / 120°53′0″ 1651m / 9.vi.2005 Boudreault &amp;/ Goulet CNC315765 ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / tribulosa/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: CANADA. British Columbia: Manning PP; Dry Ridge [49°04′45″N 120°46′08″W], summit, 1830 m, 25.vi.1983, S.G. Cannings (1 ♂, UBCZ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.53835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.512222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.53835/lat 54.512222)">Mt.Thornhill</a> [54°30′44″N 128°32′18″W], nr Terrace, 21.vi.1960, JGC, GES (3 ♂, CNC). USA. Washington: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.75/lat 46.85)">Mt. Rainer</a> [46°51′N 121°45′W], 5–6000 ft, 4.vii.1934, O. Bryant (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CAS).</p> <p>Recognition. This long setose species is distinguished from other species by a distinctively shaped epandrium, with a deep subapical ventral notch and rounded ventral expansion, straight phallus and apex of the hypandrium forked with spine-like lateral projections (Figs 24, 25).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.5–3.7 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose.Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part, brown posterior to mouthparts. Antenna dark brown; scape subequal in length with globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 3 times longer than basal width, base distinctly expanded and parallel-sided, tapered at apex; stylus ca 2–3 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2 times longer than wide, apical sensillum slightly shorter than length of segment 9. Proboscis partially retracted in head, true length unknown, projected obliquely; palpus robust with expanded apex, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle often paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, with 2 indistinct paler vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; viewed anteriorly densely pruinose; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 2 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr long, 4-serial, arranged in 2 pairs of closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows narrower than length of acr; dc uniserial (with numerous additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; several ph, several presut spal, 6–8 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 8–9 pairs of sctl of various lengths.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of long anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat similar setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Tibiae with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, long, nearly twice as long as width of femur; some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length, length twice width of femur. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, pale, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long black setae. Terminalia (Fig. 24) concolorous with abdomen, aligned or slightly dorsally flexed. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded basally, strongly arched dorsally, slightly narrowed in posterior view and then expanded subapically; apex bifid, broadly separated, with 3–4 short lateral tooth-like projections (Fig. 25); gonocoxal apodeme short and broad; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, half length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite paired, very short and slender. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus, straight and mostly membranous apically and apex narrow. Epandrium slightly inflated laterally; dorsal bridge very broad, one-third length of epandrium; ventral margin with deep notch, apical half shiny, produced distally into tapered obliquely projecting surstylus; inner margin of surstylus with short rounded projection medially. Phallus slender, projecting straight well beyond epandrium, apex rounded, with hooked apex; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, short, slightly shorter than length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus narrow, digitiform, nearly one-half length of epandrium, with apex narrowed, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct mostly plate-like, with pair of very short lateral processes.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Chaetotaxy much shorter than male; eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum pruinose, usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs somewhat paler than male. Abdomen with shorter, less prominent brownish setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (British Columbia), USA (Washington). This species is known only from the Cascade Mountain range of the Pacific Northwest of North America (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is after the Latin tribulosus (thorny), in reference to the spine-like projections on the apex of the hypandrium.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is most closely related to I. recta, in the basis of the shape of the epandrium and phallus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFA5FF894EBCFBF5FF6CB6E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFA7FF894EBCFAF1FB5FB404.text	0E6887D4FFA7FF894EBCFAF1FB5FB404.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila macquarti Zetterstedt 1838	<div><p>Iteaphila macquarti species group</p> <p>Species of this group often possess elongate spine-like microtrichia on the apical section of the phallic guide and/or an inner skeleton-like pattern on the shaft of the phallic guide. In addition to I. macquarti, I. napaea Melander, I. orchestris Melander, I. pumila Sinclair, I. taiwanensis Shamshev, I. testacea Melander and I. vetula Melander with R 4+5 branched (Sinclair &amp; Shamshev 2012), this group includes the following species (Table 3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFA7FF894EBCFAF1FB5FB404	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFA7FF864EBCF984FCD4B73C.text	0E6887D4FFA7FF864EBCF984FCD4B73C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila bartaki Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila bartaki sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 12, 29, 35)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DA9A17F1-64F9-4056-86E5-7B46CDD707C0</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “CZ [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.448055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.545834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.448055/lat 49.545834)">Czech Republic</a>]: Beskydy Mts, Lysá hora/ hilltop, MT, 1323 m / 49°32′45″N, 18°26′53″E / Barták, 21.v.–7.vii.[20]04”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / bartaki/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CULSP). PARATYPES: CZECH REPUBLIC. Beskydy Mts, Lysá hora, hilltop, MT, 1323 m, 49°32′46″N 18°26′53″E, 21.v.–7.vi.2004, Barták (1 ♀, CULSP); Hrubý, Jeseník, Velká, Kotlina, deciduous scrub, MT, 1300 m, 50°03′23″N 17°14′18″E, 7.vii.–23.viii.2004, Ševčík (1 ♀, CULSP); Krkonoše, Labská and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.5419445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.768612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.5419445/lat 50.768612)">Pančavská</a> louka, 1340 m, 50°46′07″N 15°32′31″E, 16–17.vi.2005, Barták (1 ♀, CULSP); Krkonoše, Liščí hora, upper forest line, 1320 m, MT, 50°42′04.4″N 15°40′35.8″E, 26.v.–22.vi.2005, Vaněk (2 ♀, CULSP); Krkonoše, Pančava, dwarf pine + peat bog, 1300 m, MT, 50°46′15.8″N 15°32′19.0″E, 10–24.vi.2005, Vaněk (4 ♀, CULSP); Krkonoše, U bufetu, dwarf pines, 1370 m, MT, 50°42′32.5″N 15°40′25.1″E, 26.v.–22.vi.2005, Vaněk (1 ♀, CULSP); Moravia, sept, H. Jeseník Mts, peat bog <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.170277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.994724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.170277/lat 49.994724)">Skřítek</a> [49°59′41″N 17°10′13″E], 23.v.1978, J. Roháček (1 ♂, OUMNH); same data except, 21.vi.1977 (1 ♀, OUMNH); Moravia, bor., Jeseník, V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.11&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.02" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.11/lat 50.02)">Kotlina</a> envir, 50.02°N 17.11°E, 1000–1300 m, 25–26.vi.1982, Barták (1 ♀, OUMNH); Šumava, Boubín, MT, 1250–1350 m, 48°59′27″N 13°49′01″E, vi.2004, J. Farkač (2 ♀, CULSP); Šumava Mts, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.848333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.781944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.848333/lat 48.781944)">Trojmezná</a> [48°46′55″N 13°50′54″E], MT, 1–12.vi.2003, J. Farkač (1 ♀, CULSP); same data except, 16.v.–1.vi.2003 (1 ♀, CULSP); Šumava, Malá Niva, peat bog, 750 m, MT, 48°54′35″N 13°19′21″E, 19.iv.–16.vi.1999, Barták &amp; Kubík (1 ♀, CULSP); Šumava, Nová Hůrka, spruce forest, 880 m, MT, 49°09′17″N 13°19′46″E, 18.v.–15.vi.1999, Barták &amp; Kubík (1 ♀, CULSP); Šumava Mts, 870 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.333333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.333333/lat 49.15)">Nová Hůrka</a>, peat-bog, 49°09′N 13°20′E, MT, 18.v.–16.vi.1999, Barták &amp; Kubík (1 ♂, 3 ♀, CULSP); Šumava Mts, 870 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.333333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.333333/lat 49.15)">Nová Hůrka</a>, forest, 49°09′N 13°20′E, MT, 15.vi.–21.vii.1999, Barták &amp; Kubík (1 ♂, CULSP); Šumava Mts, 1130 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.566667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.566667/lat 49.066666)">Zhůřské</a> slatě, peat-bog, 49°04′N 13°34′E, MT, 18.v.–16.vi.1999, Barták &amp; Kubík (1 ♂, 13 ♀, CULSP); same data except, 16.vi.–21.vii.1999 (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CULSP); Šumava, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.633333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.633333/lat 49.1)">Popelná</a>, spruce wood, 49°06′N 13°38′E, 900 m, 4.vii.1988, Barták (2 ♀, CULSP); Šumava, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.565001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.565001/lat 49.075)">Zhůřské</a> slatě, peat-bog, 1140 m, 49°04′30″N 13°33′54″E, MT, 17.vi.–21.vii.1999, Barták &amp; Kubík (1 ♀, CULSP); Šumava Mts, 1100 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.418056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.016388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.418056/lat 49.016388)">Rokytecká</a> slat’, peat-bog, 49°00′59″N 13°25′05″E, MT, 18.v.–16.vi.1999, Barták &amp; Kubík (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC; 5 ♂, 4 ♀, CULSP); same data except, 16.vi.–21.vii.1999 (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CULSP); Šumava, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.55/lat 49.083332)">Horská Kvilda</a>, 1100 m, spruce forest, 49°05′N 13°33′E, MT, 20.v.–17.vi.1999, Barták &amp; Kubík (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CULSP); Šumava, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.818889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.913055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.818889/lat 48.913055)">Malá Niva</a>, 750 m, spruce forest, 48°54′47″N 13°49′08″E, MT, 29.iv.–19.v.1999, Barták (2 ♂, CULSP); Šumava, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.816667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.97778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.816667/lat 48.97778)">Boubín</a>, 990 m, mixed wood, 48°58′40″N 13°49′00″E, MT, 12– 26.vi.2002 + 03, K. Spitzer (2 ♀, CULSP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.633333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.633333/lat 49.6)">Třinec-Tyra</a>, compositae flowers, 500 m, 49°36′N 18°38′E, 19.v.1990, Barták (1 ♀, CULSP). GERMANY. Bayerischer Wald, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.366667/lat 48.95)">Spiegelau</a>, 3 km N, 760 m, 48°57′N 13°22′E, 8.vi.1995, Barták (1 ♂, CULSP); same data except, 4 km N, 8–14.vi.1995, pan traps (1 ♀, CULSP); same data except, 4 km N, 3.vi.1995 (2 ♀, CULSP). RUSSIA. Krasnodarskiy Territory: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.72028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.585278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.72028/lat 43.585278)">Sochi</a> [43°35′07″N 39°43′13″E], 4.iv.1982, J. Máca (1 ♂, OUMNH). Republic of Adygea: Caucasus State Nature Biosphere Reserve, source of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.002224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.078888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.002224/lat 44.078888)">Kurdzhips</a>, 1570 m, nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.002224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.078888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.002224/lat 44.078888)">Plateau</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.002224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.078888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.002224/lat 44.078888)">Lago-Naki</a>, shore of stream, 44°04′44″N 40°00′08″E, alpine crooked forest, 9–18.v.2011, MT, S. Yu. Kustov (3 ♂, 1 ♀, ZIN). Karachay-Cherkess Republic: Teberdinskiy Nature Reserve, North Caucasus, 20.v.1960, Gorodkov, Dombayskaya polyana [43°17′26″N 41°37′29″E], 1700 m, fir forest, on flower of Oxalis (3 ♂, 2 ♀, ZIN); Teberdinskiy Nature Reserve [43°21′N 41°42′E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.7/lat 43.35)">North Caucasus</a>, 6.v.1964, Gorodkov, 1300 m (1 ♂, ZIN); Teberdinskiy Nature Reserve [43°21′N 41°42′E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.7/lat 43.35)">North Caucasus</a>, 2.v.1964, Gorodkov, Olenya balka, 1500 m; on inflorescences of Petasites albus (L.) Geartn., beech forest (1 ♂, ZIN); Teberdinskiy Nature Reserve [43°21′N 41°42′E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.7/lat 43.35)">North Caucasus</a>, 30.v.1964, Gorodkov, Olenya balka, 1700 m, fir forest (1 ♂, ZIN). SLOVAKIA. Nízké Tatry, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.317501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.317501/lat 48.8775)">Prašivá</a> [48°52′39″N 19°19′3″E], 1700 m, 13.vi.1966, M. Chvála (1 ♀, OUMNH); same data except, Korytnica-kúpele [48°53′23″N 19°17′6″E] (1 ♀, OUMNH); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.285&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.889725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.285/lat 48.889725)">Zadná Polana</a>, 1250 m, spruce wood, MT, 48°39′40″N 19°29′50″E, 5.v.–3.vii.2006, Ševčík &amp; Roháček (1 ♀, CULSP).</p> <p>Recognition. This species can be distinguished by the shiny area on the anepisternum and katepisternum and male terminalia with long apical section of the phallus, phallic guide with spine-like microtrichia and surstylus directed posterodorsally.</p> <p>Description. Wing length 2.8–3.3 mm. Male (Fig. 12). Head black in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput finely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic; upper ommatidia somewhat enlarged, border between larger and smaller ommatidia indistinct. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of moderately long bristly hairs. Postvertical and postocular setae moderately long, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar bristly hairs in lower part.Antenna black; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 3.5 times longer than wide, smoothly tapered; stylus very short, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, nearly as long as wide, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis moderately long, projected obliquely; labium somewhat shorter than head is high; palpus projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax black in ground-colour, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally or anteriorly matt, entirely brown pollinose (in specimens dried from alcohol scutum often greyish brown, with indistinct darker vittae down acrostichal and dorsocentral setae); anepisternum and katepisternum with shiny spot in middle, otherwise mesopleuron finely greyish pollinose. Proepisternum with few setulae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 moderately long and 1–2 short setae. Mesonotal setae prominent; acr short, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows much shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial, offset from row anteriorly, mostly subequal to acr, 2–3 prescutellar pairs longer; 0 ph, 1 presut spal, 3 npl (with 1 additional shorter seta), 1 short psut spal, 1 pal and 4–5 pairs of sctl; usually, some additional setulae present on supra-alar face.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, largely rather dusky yellow; hind femur, hind tibia and all tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with ordinary hair-like setae. Fore femur with several posteroventral subapical short bristly hairs. All tibia without prominent posterodorsal setae (except subapicals). Mid femur with several subapical, short, spinelike posteroventral setae. Hind femur with rows of moderately long anteroventral (shorter basally), anterodorsal and posterodorsal bristly hairs along whole length. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 on all legs not flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of vein R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 straight in apical part to slightly curved beneath pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically, almost truncate; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-cu crossvein straight. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending just short of wing margin. Halter brown (in specimens taken from alcohol materials stem often somewhat paler).</p> <p>Abdomen largely brownish, subshiny, brownish pollinose, covered with moderately long, dark bristly hairs; sternites 1–3 paler, rather brownish yellow. Terminalia (Fig. 29) dark brown, moderately large. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, somewhat upcurved apically, with posterior projection, apex rounded and recurved; gonocoxal apodeme broad and long; inner apodeme rounded and flattened, one-half length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite short, broad at base, arched, produced into pair of slender, oblique processes. Phallic guide extended beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically and numerous, long spine-like projections; apex tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrowed medially; produced distally into posterodorsally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with short, tooth-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angle subapically; apical section elongate, sinuous, with hooped tip; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, subequal in length to gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, narrow, two-thirds length of epandrium; apex broadly rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very long, slender processes, just short of apex of cercus, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, widened toward ocellar tubercle, shiny, with marginal setulae. Scutum viewed dorsally rather subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with 3 indistinct narrow brown vittae down acrostichal and dorsocentral setae. Legs, including coxae, largely yellow; hind femur (except extreme base), hind tibia (except extreme base) and tarsus of all legs brown (hind femur sometimes paler, especially in specimens dried from alcohol). Mid femur with shorter and thinner posteroventral subapical setae. Abdomen paler (except apical segments), with shorter setation. Cercus elongate, slender, brownish, covered with short setulae.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Czech Republic, Germany, Russia (Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodarskiy Territory), Slovakia. This species is known from the mountains of Central Europe and from the Caucasus (Fig. 35).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after our colleague, Miroslav Barták (Prague, Czech Republic), who has collected many valuable and interesting empidoid specimens.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFA7FF864EBCF984FCD4B73C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFA8FF844EBCFA49FCD7B700.text	0E6887D4FFA8FF844EBCFA49FCD7B700.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila falki Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila falki sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 30, 33)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 527426F8-8A8A-4458-A6E8-8C20A072095E</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ 31.5.2013 / Loch an/ Eilein [57°08′49″N 3°49′27″W]/ Cairngorms [Scotland]/ S.J. Falk ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / falki/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev[red label]” (BMNH).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by a shiny region on the anepisternum and katepisternum and features of the male terminalia.</p> <p>Description. Wing length 2.9 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae longer than short postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, more than 3 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus tubular, with length shorter than width, sensillum-tipped, segments can not be differentiated, apical sensillum subequal to length of stylus. Proboscis elongate, projected obliquely; labium longer than head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, slender, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle dark, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, without vittae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, without vittae; anepisternum and katepisternum with shiny spot, otherwise mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr short, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 long presut spal (with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal, at least 4 pairs of sctl (broken).</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hairlike setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae without prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 somewhat flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly brownish infuscate with clouding about base of veins; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm not broad, longer than basal cells, produced apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-fifth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein straight. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 30) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved apically with narrow truncate apex; gonocoxal apodeme short and broad; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite short, arched, produced into pair of slender apical lobes. Phallic guide extended slightly beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and strongly recurved subapically; curved apical section paired with inner skeleton pattern and pair of spine-like projections; apex tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge very narrow; produced distally into slender horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with teeth-like projections medially. Phallus broad, arched beyond epandrium, recurved subapically; apical section broad, truncate; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, subequal in length with gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, digitiform, slightly shorter than length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short, slender processes, slightly projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Scotland. This species is known only from the type locality in Scotland (Fig. 33).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of the collector, Steven Falk.</p> <p>Remarks. This species represents the first record of Iteaphila with unbranched R 4+5 from the British Isles. The single specimen was caught near a small lake in Pinus scoticus forest in NE Scotland, which is well known for boreo-alpine relicts (A. Plant pers. comm. 2016).</p> <p>The male terminalia are very similar to I. ribesii in the shape of the phallus and inner skeleton-pattern of the phallic guide, but I. falki possesses a pair of spine-like projections on the phallic guide, which confirms the assignment of these species to the I. macquarti species group.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFA8FF844EBCFA49FCD7B700	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFAAFF834EBCFA95FC13B478.text	0E6887D4FFAAFF834EBCFA95FC13B478.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila kyrgyzstanensis Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila kyrgyzstanensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 31, 81)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 410C1D38-2EE5-4A9A-A0D2-19A697EBF43C</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled [printed in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.0/lat 41.433334)">Cyrillic</a>, Russian]: [Kyrgyzstan] “ur. [=urochische, tract] Kaindy, 30 km E/ Naryn [41°26′N 76°00′E], Tian Shan/ Gorodkov 8 VIII [1]969”; “ 3400 m / subalpine meadow”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila /kyrgyzstanensis/Sinclair&amp;Shamshev[red label]” (ZIN). PARATYPES: KYRGYZSTAN. Same data as holotype (4 ♂, ZIN). KAZAKHSTAN. Almaty env. [43°15′N 76°54′E], Zailiyskiy Alatau, river <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.9/lat 43.25)">Gorelchik</a> valley, Picea forest, 8.vii.2009, O. Kosterin (1 ♂, ZMMU).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from nearly all other species by the dichoptic males and distinguished from I. dichoptica sp. nov. by the darkly coloured male terminalia and longer antennal stylus.</p> <p>Description. Wing length 2.6–2.8 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, shiny, with marginal setulae. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae longer than short postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather broad, parallel sided, nearly 2.5 times longer than basal width, tapered at apex; stylus ca 2.5 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about half as long as segment 9. Proboscis very long, projected obliquely; labium longer than head height; palpus with expanded apex, projected parallel to labrum, much shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally mostly shiny with pruinescence confined anteriorly, anterior portion of acr row, notopleuron and prescutellar depression, with 2 distinct shiny vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; viewed anteriorly densely pruinose anteriorly on postpronotal lobes to acrostichal and dorsocentral rows, with 2 distinct shiny vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish pruinose with bare, shiny katepisternum, posterior half of anepisternum and anepimeron. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin, short; acr biserial, arranged in 2 closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial, offset from row anteriorly, subequal in length with acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5–6 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish, subshiny and rather stocky; knees of fore and mid legs brownish, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing faintly infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma indistinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 smoothly arched posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm only slightly broader apically, longer than basal cells, produced apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein straight. Apex of cell cua rounded not strongly recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending as fold at wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with somewhat long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 31) concolorous with abdomen. Hypandrium with numerous long setae, rounded, upcurved apically with rounded and truncate apex; gonocoxal apodeme short and broadly expanded apically; inner apodeme small and retracted, shorter and narrower than ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite short, arched, produced into pair of slender apical lobes. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and strongly curved subapically; curved apical section paired with toothed dorsal margin subapically; apex tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with hook-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched well beyond epandrium, gently nearly subapically; apical section broad, subrectangular, truncate; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, subequal in length with gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, narrow, more than half length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very long, slender processes, nearly as long as the cercus, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. This species is known only from the Tian Shan Mountains of Central Asia (Fig. 81).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the country of the type locality.</p> <p>Remarks. The male terminalia of the two species with dichoptic males are very different, with I. kyrgyzstanensis sp. nov. appearing to be more closely related to species with long, spine-like projections on the phallic guide and consequently tentatively assigned to the I. macquarti species group.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFAAFF834EBCFA95FC13B478	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFADFF814EBCF90DFCEDB1E0.text	0E6887D4FFADFF814EBCF90DFCEDB1E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila ribesii (Becker) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila ribesii (Becker) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 32, 34)</p> <p>Anthepiscopus ribesii Becker, 1891: 282. Type locality (by lectotype designation): Rolle-Pass [46°17′47″N 11°47′13″E], Italy.</p> <p>Anthepiscopus ribesii var. nigripes Strobl, 1898: 402 (also in German: 1900: 564). Type locality: Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.</p> <p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species) ♂, labelled: “Rolle-Pass [46°17′47″N 11°47′13″E]/ 20|6 90 25686”; “ Anthepiscopus / ribesii Beck. [Becker’s handwriting]”; “ SYNTYPUS [red]”; “ Zool. Mus. / Berlin ”; “ LECTOTYPE / Anthepiscopus / ribesii Becker / des. Shamshev &amp; Sinclair 2007” (ZMHB). PARALECTOTYPES: Rolle-Pass, 20/6 90 25686, SYNTYPUS [red], Zool. Mus. Berlin (8 ♀, ZMNB); 20/6 90 25587, Anth. ribesii Beck., det. Becker [Becker’s handwriting], SYNTYPUS [red], Zool. Mus. Berlin (1 ♀, ZMNB); 20/6 90 25587, SYNTYPUS [red], Zool. Mus. Berlin (2 ♀, ZMNB).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. Becker (1891) described this species from both sexes after an unspecified number of specimens. One male and 11 female syntypes were examined.</p> <p>Additional material examined. AUSTRIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.166667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.166667/lat 47.25)">Styriae</a> alp. [Styria; 47°15′N 15°10′E], Strobl, 13.vii.97 (1 ♂, STMD); Steiner Alpen, 18.vi., Strobl (1 ♀, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.618611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.618611/lat 47.23)">Wattental</a> [47°13′48″N 11°37′07″E], Tirol, 1500 m, 26.vi.1914 (1 ♀, USNM). SLOVAKIA. Jamnická [49°10′34″N 19°46′24″E], dolina [valley] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.773333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.176113" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.773333/lat 49.176113)">Vys. Tatry</a>, 7.v.1975, M. Barták (1 ♀, OUMNH); Malá Fatra [49°12′42.06″N 19°05′38.34″E], N slope of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.093985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.211685" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.093985/lat 49.211685)">Stoh</a>, 1300 m, 1.vi.1983, M. Chvála (1 ♀, MHNG); Muráň [48°44′30″N 20°03′00″E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.74167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.05/lat 48.74167)">Hrtanová</a> dolina, 19.v.1987, Straka (7 ♂, CULSP, 1 ♂, OUMNH); Vysoké Tatry [49°08′51″N 20°13′39″E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.2275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.147503" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.2275/lat 49.147503)">Hrebienok-Bil.</a> chata, 29–30.vi.1968, M. Chvála (1 ♂, 7 ♀, OUMNH). SWITZERLAND. CH GR 1700–1900 m, Lenzerheide [46°45′N 09°33′E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.55/lat 46.75)">Ganas</a>, pans, 18.v.1997, Merz &amp; Eggenberger (1 ♂, MHNG); Roveredo [46°14′N 9°07′E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.116667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.116667/lat 46.233334)">Auenwald</a>, 310 m, 8.iv.1997, B. Merz (1 ♀, MHNG).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by dark legs and halteres, horizontally projecting surstylus and long postgonite with broadly curved apex without spine-like projections (Fig. 32).</p> <p>Redescription. Wing length 3.8–4.1 mm. Male. Head black in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput densely brownish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hairlike setae. Postvertical and postocular setae rather long, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna black; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 4.0 times longer than wide, smoothly tapered; stylus very short, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, nearly as long as wide, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis long, projected obliquely; labium longer than head height; palpus long, slender, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax black in ground-colour, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, with 2 indistinct paler vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pollinose, with 2 indistinct paler vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several short setae. Mesonotal setae prominent but thin and varying in number and position; acr moderately long, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows much shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, mostly subequal to acrostichals, 2–3 prescutellar pairs longer; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with 2 additional shorter setae), several psut spal of different lengths, 1 long and 1 short pal, 6–7 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and moderately long bristly hairs on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly hairs along entire length (somewhat longer and stronger on apical half), bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 on all legs somewhat flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; vein R 2+3 straight in apical part; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically, almost truncate; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein straight. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter brown, stem somewhat paler.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with short brown bristly hairs. Terminalia (Fig. 32) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with numerous long setae, rounded, slightly upcurved apically, apex broad and rounded; gonocoxal apodeme broad and long; inner apodeme narrow and flattened, onehalf length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite broad at base, arched, produced into pair of slender, outwardly curved lobes. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, apex broad, rounded and expanded; apex with inner skeleton pattern, with tooth-like projections and ragged margin. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with hook-like projection posteromedially. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section broad and gently curved; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, shorter than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, broad, two-thirds length of epandrium; apex broadly rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of long, slender processes, projecting beyond epandrium, apex with very long seta.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Thorax with postpronotal lobe posteriorly and below and entire postalar tubercle yellowish. Scutellum usually with 4–5 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, largely yellowish; hind femur rather brownish yellow, hind tibia and tarsus of all legs brownish (fore basitarsus somewhat paler basally). Fore and mid legs almost lacking prominent setation, femora with some short posteroventral subapical bristly hairs. Abdomen brownish yellow, subshiny, finely greyish pollinose; covered with short setulae somewhat longer posteriorly. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with minute setulae.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Austria, Italy, Slovakia, Switzerland. Records of this species from Germany (Spiegelau) (Barták 1998; Meyer &amp; Stark 2015) are actually I. bartaki sp. nov. (see list of Paratypes under that species). Iteaphila ribesii is known only from the alpine region of the mountains of Central Europe (Fig. 34).</p> <p>Remarks. Becker (1891) collected this species from flowers of Ribes alpinum. After examination of the type series, it was determined that the illustration of the male terminalia labelled as A. zontaki in Engel (1941: 204, fig. 111f) is actually A. ribesii (see also under I. zontaki).</p> <p>The male terminalia are very similar to I. falki in the shape of the phallus and inner skeleton-pattern of the phallic guide, but I. falki possesses a pair of spine-like projections on the phallic guide, a synapomorphy of the I. macquarti species group. The genitalic similarity of I. ribesii with I. falki provides justification for including the former species in the I. macquarti species group. In addition, I. testacea Melander has rather similar male terminalia with these two species, but also lacks the spine-like projections on the phallic guide. Consequently, I. testacea is likewise tentatively transferred to the I. macquarti species group.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFADFF814EBCF90DFCEDB1E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFAFFF814EBCFBF8FEC7B6D3.text	0E6887D4FFAFFF814EBCFBF8FEC7B6D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila nitidula Zetterstedt 1838	<div><p>Iteaphila nitidula species group</p> <p>This species group is defined on basis of an elongate and arched phallus. In addition to I. cirrata Shamshev, I. furcata and I. nitidula Zetterstedt with R 4+5 branched (Sinclair &amp; Shamshev 2012), this group includes the following species (Table 3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFAFFF814EBCFBF8FEC7B6D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFAFFFBF4EBCFAE4FDC7B420.text	0E6887D4FFAFFFBF4EBCFAE4FDC7B420.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila longiphallus Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila longiphallus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 36, 79)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1F0ED997-C8C6-419E-9020-16681082C1B3</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “Old Chelsea [45°32′N 75°52′W]/ Que. 16.v.1958 / J. R. Vockeroth”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / longiphallus/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: CANADA. Ontario: Carleton Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.081665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.48389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.081665/lat 45.48389)">Constance Bay</a>, 45°29′2″N 76°4′54″W, oak savannah, MT, 29.vi.–31.v.2006, J. Skevington (1 ♀, DEBG); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.56473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.008335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.56473/lat 44.008335)">Kettleby</a> [44°00′30″N 79°33′53″W], 17.v.1925, N.K. Bigelow (1 ♂, CNC); Marmora, 18.v.1952, J.C. Mitchell (1 ♂, CNC). Quebec: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.85/lat 45.4)">Alymer</a> [45°24′N 75°51′W], 16.v.1924, C.H. Curran (1 ♂, CNC); same data except, 20–28.v.1923 (1 ♀, CNC; 2 ♀, USNM); same data except, 14.v.1924 (1 ♀, CNC); Alymer, Chemin Klock, 5–12.v.2013, Lindgren trap in mixed forest, L. LeSage (1 ♂, CNC); Gatineau Pk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.862495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.488888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.862495/lat 45.488888)">King Mtn</a>, summit, 45°29′20″N 75°51′45″W, 13.v.2009, JMC (1 ♂, CNC); same data as holotype (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.84139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.490833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.84139/lat 45.490833)">Kingsmere</a> [45°29′27″N 75°50′29″W], 16.v.1958, JGC (1 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.26667/lat 47.05)">Laniel</a> [47°03′N 79°16′W], 7.vi.1943, O. Peck (1 ♂, CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by its small size and elongate phallus that is arched down along the posterior margin of the hypandrium (Fig. 36).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 2.3–2.4 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose.Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae longer than short postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel broad, nearly 2.5 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus short, length subequal to width (basal segment not visible), sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, length subequal to width, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis elongate, projected obliquely; labium subequal to head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, slender, expanded apically, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle usually dark, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally shiny, slightly matt, without distinct vittae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, without vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1–2 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, rather stout; acr short, biserial, arranged in closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows less than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5–6 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae without prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 somewhat flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin as pale line. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 36) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium without long setae or pubescence, rounded, upcurved apically, narrowed, apex divided; gonocoxal apodeme short, broad apically; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite absent. Phallic guide very short, far short from dorsal margin of epandrium. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into broad horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus prolonged medially. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, recurved, arched posteriorly as long membranous filament along posterior margin of hypandrium; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, subequal to length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, digitiform, one-half length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct extending along posterior margin of cercus with long marginal setae, without forming distinct apical process.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows:Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small.Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, shiny, without pruinescence, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 3–5 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, usually paler than male, with reduced chaetotaxy. Abdomen somewhat paler, especially ventrally, with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Ontario, Quebec). This is an eastern North American species, presently known only from eastern Ontario and western Quebec (Fig. 79).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is after the Latin longus (long), in reference to the elongate phallus.</p> <p>Remarks. The male terminalia of I. longiphallus is very similar to I. furcata, but differs in the reduction of the postgonites and shape of the epandrium.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFAFFFBF4EBCFAE4FDC7B420	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF91FFBF4EBCF9B5FE5CB524.text	0E6887D4FF91FFBF4EBCF9B5FE5CB524.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila nupta (Melander) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila nupta species group</p> <p>This species group is defined on basis of the jagged apical margin of the phallic guide, postgonite is often elongate and the inner apodeme is usually flattened and enlarged. This group only includes species of Iteaphila with an unbranched R 4+5 (Table 3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF91FFBF4EBCF9B5FE5CB524	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF90FFBD4EBCFF5CFABEB368.text	0E6887D4FF90FFBD4EBCFF5CFABEB368.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila arnaudi Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila arnaudi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 37, 49)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9E5C6D82-4060-4FA6-8462-5740F09A3D4D</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ Lily Pond [37.9538133° -122.6349820°], Alpine / Lk., Marin Co.,/ CALIF. 1500ꞌ”; “ Malaise trap / IV-V.[19]70/ D.D. Munroe ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / arnaudi/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: USA. California: San Mateo Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.29444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.27778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.29444/lat 37.27778)">Memorial Pk</a> [37°16′40″N 122°17′40″W], 7.iv.1968, PHA (2 ♂, USNM); San Mateo Co., 10 mi E Pescadero [37°15′16″N 122°19′20″W], 9.v.1964, C. Slobodchickoff (1 ♂, CAS).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from the similar A. subnupta sp. nov. by the dorsally directed surstylus and elongate postgonite extended just below the epandrial margin (Fig. 37).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 2.8–3 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of hairlike setae, posterior pair distinctly shorter than anterior pair. Postvertical setae subequal in length to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part; pale setae posterior to mouth opening. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel nearly 3 times longer than basal width, base expanded and tapered apically; stylus ca 4 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 3 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about half length of segment 9. Proboscis mediumlength, projected obliquely; labium slightly shorter than head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely greyish pruinescent, without distinct vittae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, without vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr very short, 4-serial, arranged in 2 pairs of closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows greater than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, mostly yellowish brown, hindleg and tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae without prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 somewhat flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long pale setae. Terminalia (Fig. 37) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved apically with narrowly rounded and truncate apex; gonocoxal apodeme short and expanded apically; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, slightly shorter than gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, arched, extending near epandrial margin, apex flattened, plate-like. Phallic guide extended slightly beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically; apex tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge moderately narrow; produced distally into broad, dorsally projected surstylus; apex of surstylus with tooth-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched slightly beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section slender, tapered; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, slightly longer than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, triangular, one-quarter length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short, slender processes, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA (California). This species is presently known only from the San Francisco Bay Area in California (Fig. 49).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after dipterist, Paul H. Arnaud (former curator of California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA), who collected many very interesting empidoids, including this new species.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is very similar to I. subnupta sp. nov., distinguished by the male terminalia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF90FFBD4EBCFF5CFABEB368	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF93FFBC4EBCFE7DFE91B1E0.text	0E6887D4FF93FFBC4EBCFE7DFE91B1E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila bayarea Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila bayarea sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 38, 39, 49)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FA2FE181-942D-40A2-B26E-BECEB075952E</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA:/ Marin County, Mill / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.55528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.920834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.55528/lat 37.920834)">Valley</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.55528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.920834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.55528/lat 37.920834)">Blithedale</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.55528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.920834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.55528/lat 37.920834)">Ridge</a> [37°55′15″N 122°33′19″W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.55528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.920834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.55528/lat 37.920834)">Lee Street</a> / 19-23-IV-1966 110m / Paul H. Arnaud, Jr.”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / bayarea/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (USNM). PARATYPES: USA. California: same data as holotype except, 28–29.iii.1966 (5 ♂, USNM); same data as holotype except, 25–27.iii.1966 (1 ♂, CAS).</p> <p>Possible additional material examined. USA. California: Marin Co., Mt. Tamalpais [37°56′11″N 122°38′16″W] along Cataract &amp; Kent trails, 12.iv.1979, DDW (11 ♂, 6 ♀, CAS); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.270836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.804443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.270836/lat 37.804443)">Marin Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.270836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.804443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.270836/lat 37.804443)">Mt. Tamalpais</a>, Old Stage Road [37°54′58″N 122°35′37″W], Rattlesnake Ck No. 2, 10.v.1997, PHA (1 ♀, USNM); Oakland [37°48′16″N 122°16′15″W], 8.iv.1937, E.S. Ross (1 ♂, CAS).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from the similar I. nupta by the broad apex of the epandrium and surstylus not curved dorsally, as well as by the laterally expanded apex of the hypandrium (Figs 38, 39).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.0– 3.4 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal in length with postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 4 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus ca 3–4 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2–3 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis medium-length, projected obliquely; labium slightly shorter than head height; palpus slender, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle sometimes paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely subshiny, velvety brown, slightly matt, with 2 indistinct paler vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose; mesopleuron uniformly thinly greyish brown pollinose; subshiny in oblique view. Proepisternum with a few hairlike setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr very short, 4-serial, arranged in 2 pairs of closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows slightly greater than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5–6 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hairlike setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Mid and hind tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 somewhat flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, shiny, with brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 38) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved apically with broad, rounded and truncate (posterior view) apex, clothed in small shiny projections (Fig. 39); gonocoxal apodeme short and slender; postgonite long, arched, expanded into broad plate with short apicolateral lobe; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than gonocoxal apodeme. Phallic guide extended slightly beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged margin; apex tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into slender horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus expanded dorsally into anteriorly projecting, hook-shaped process. Phallus slender, arched slightly beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section slender, rounded; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, longer than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, narrow, one-third length of epandrium; apex narrow, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short, slender processes, slightly projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Unknown from type series.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA (California). This species is presently known only from the San Francisco Bay area in California (Fig. 49).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the distribution of this species around the San Francisco Bay Area in northern California and it is considered a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is very similar to I. nupta, distinguished by the male terminalia and apex of the epandrium and surstylus.</p> <p>The above specimens listed under Additional material examined, are possibly conspecific, but males differ from the type series in the shape and width of the hypandrium in posterior view (Fig. 40). The hypandrium is narrower and apically rounded in the additional material and uncertain if this could be interpreted as a different species. In addition, the apex and length of the male cercus varies from truncate to slightly prolonged among specimens. New material and, especially, molecular study of different populations would be helpful in sorting through these variations.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF93FFBC4EBCFE7DFE91B1E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF92FFBA4EBCFBF5FE98B404.text	0E6887D4FF92FFBA4EBCFBF5FE98B404.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila brooksi Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila brooksi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 41, 50)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8D4DCB0E-E26E-4839-B25D-76E065704E6F</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “USA: CO: Gennison Co., trib./ of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.556946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.182224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.556946/lat 38.182224)">Cimmaron River</a>, 9590 ft,/ 38°10′56″N 107°33′25″W,/ 20.vi.2017, S.E. Brooks,/ CNC 85496”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / brooksi/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: CANADA. British Columbia: Glacier NP, Rogers Pass [51°16′35″N 117°30′25″W], creek margin, 30.vi.1968, W.W. Wirth (1 ♂, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.50694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.27639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.50694/lat 51.27639)">Kootenay</a> NP [50°52′59″N 116°02′57″W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.049164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.883053" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.049164/lat 50.883053)">Daer-Pittas Aspen Control</a> 1, 3–17.2000, MT, G. Gareau (1 ♂, CNC); same data except, 2–16.vii.2000 (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, Control 2, 17.vi.–2.vii.2000 (2 ♀, CNC); same data except, Aspen Burn 2, 2–9.vi.2000 (1 ♀, CNC). USA. Colorado: same data as holotype (1 ♂, CNC); San Juan Co., E. Fork Sig Ck, 10200 ft, 37°39′10″N 107°51′57″W, 18.vi.2017, JMC (2 ♂, CNC). Oregon: Crook Co., Ochoco NF, along Kyle Ck, 44°21′56″N 120°22′5″W, 19.iv.–12.vii.2017, MT065, S. Fitzgerald (1 ♂, CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from other species by the greatly enlarged ejaculatory apodeme of the male terminalia, dorsally projecting surstylus and subtriangular cercus (Fig. 41).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.7–4.6 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose.Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal in length with postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, more than 3 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus ca 3 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2–3 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis medium-length, projected obliquely; labium slightly shorter than head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, slightly shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, with 2 indistinct paler vittae between acr and dc setae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, with 2 indistinct darker vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr very short, 4-serial, arranged in 2 pairs of closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, subequal in length with acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 6–8 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees and tibiae of fore and mid legs yellowish, tarsi brown. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Mid and hind tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long black setae; lateral margin of sternites 1 and 2 with white longitudinal membranous patch; apex of abdomen distorted in dried specimens due to enlarged ejaculatory apodeme. Terminalia (Fig. 41) concolorous with abdomen, enlarged and directed dorsally. Hypandrium with row of long setae, rounded, upcurved apically with rounded, slightly expanded apex; gonocoxal apodeme long and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, subequal in length with ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite long, arched, produced into flattened apical plate. Phallic guide extended distinctly beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent greater than right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically; apex rounded. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge very narrow medially; produced distally into broad dorsally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with short, partially hooked projection medially. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section not tapered, narrower than phallic guide; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, greatly prolonged anteriorly, twice length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus tapered, less than half length of epandrium, triangular, with broad base, apex rounded, extended well free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of long, slender processes, subequal in length with cercus.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows:Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small.Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, somewhat paler than male with reduced chaetotaxy. Abdomen somewhat paler with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (British Columbia), USA (Colorado, Oregon). This species appears mostly confined to the Rocky Mountains of North America (Fig. 50).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of the collector of the holotype, Scott E. Brooks (Ottawa, Canada), a dedicated expert on Dolichopodidae s.lat. and other Empidoidea.</p> <p>Remarks. This species shares with the Russian species, I. gracilis sp. nov., a greatly enlarged ejaculatory apodeme.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF92FFBA4EBCFBF5FE98B404	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF94FFB94EBCF991FBEBB540.text	0E6887D4FF94FFB94EBCF991FBEBB540.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila dichoptica Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila dichoptica sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 13, 42, 62)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FC6AED30-2E04-4A81-9A9A-D969B5B4F0F5</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “(Tokushima)/ Tochikubodani / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.03334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.03334/lat 33.85)">Tômaru</a> [= Mt. Tô-no-maru] [33°51′N 134°02′E]/ 18.v.1988 / T. Saigusa”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / dichoptica/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (KUMF). PARATYPES: JAPAN. Yamanashi: Hirogawara [35°41′N 138°15′E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.25/lat 35.683334)">Mt. Kitadake</a>, 28.v.1977, TS (1 ♂, KUMF); Hirogawara [35°41′N 138°15′E], 13.vi.1966, A. Katô (1 ♂, 3 ♀, KUMF).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from the other Japanese species by dichoptic males, yellow legs and halteres and pale abdominal setae and sternites. Males have yellow terminalia, with long cerci and short hypoproct processes, apex of phallus straight and surstyli project dorsally (Fig. 42).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.3–3.4 mm. Male (Fig. 13). Head black in ground-colour, mostly with pale setation, only ocellar and upper postocular setae brown to black; occiput finely greyish pollinose. Eyes dichoptic, with ommatidia of equal size. Frons in middle part nearly as broad as pedicel, parallel-sided, bare, light grey pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of proclinate and somewhat lateroclinate setae; anterior ocellars rather short, posterior ocellars minute. Postvertical setae minute; postocular setae rather long in upper part, becoming shorter below; additionally, occiput covered with numerous bristly hairs in lower part. Antenna with scape and pedicel brownish yellow (especially in paler specimens), postpedicel and stylus brown. Postpedicel nearly 3.5 times longer than wide, rather strongly tapered; stylus very short, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 distinct, tubular, slightly longer than wide, apical sensillum nearly as long as segment 9. Proboscis long, projected obliquely; labium about as long as head height; palpus brownish yellow basally and brownish apically, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax brown in ground-colour, with black (large setae) and pale setation. Scutum viewed dorsally subshiny, finely greyish pollinose, with some brownish tinge down acr and dc setae; viewed anteriorly light greyish pollinose, with 2 faint darker vittae between acr and dc setae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish pollinose. Proepisternum with a few pale setulae in lower part and 1 similar setula in upper part. Postpronotal lobe with 1 pale moderately long and 2–3 short setae. Mesonotal setae prominent; acr pale, short, irregular biserial anteriorly, becoming biserial posteriorly, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows subequal to length of acr; dc uniserial, offset from row anteriorly, mostly concolorous and subequal to acr, 2 prescutellar pairs brown to black and long; 1 pale ph, 1 pale presut spal, 1 long, pale or black npl (with 3–4 additional pale shorter setae), several pale short psut spal, 1 black pal, 3–4 pairs of black sctl.</p> <p>Legs almost wholly yellow, only apical tarsomeres brownish yellow. Coxae and trochanters with ordinary short hair-like setae. Fore femur and all tibiae lacking prominent setae. Mid femur with row of strong, moderately long, black and yellow, posteroventral setae in apical half. Hind femur with anteroventral setae becoming longer subapically and row of moderately long dorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 on all legs without stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 on all legs not flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing faintly brownish yellow infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish yellow, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, right-angled. Sc complete; R 2+3 straight in apical part; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically, almost truncate; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein somewhat concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter yellow.</p> <p>Abdomen with tergites largely brownish and sternites yellowish to brownish yellow, in paler specimens tergites 1–3 brownish yellow; subshiny, finely greyish pollinose; covered with short pale bristly hairs, longer on posterior margin of tergites. Terminalia (Fig. 42) large, almost wholly yellow and pubescent with microtrichia, cercus rather brownish yellow. Hypandrium with several short setae, rounded, upcurved, tapered to narrow apex; gonocoxal apodeme long and broad; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, prolonged anteriorly, subequal to length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, narrow, extending beyond epandrium, tapered to narrow apex. Phallic guide extended slightly beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus; apex membranous. Epandrium somewhat inflated laterally; dorsal bridge broad medially; produced distally into broad, dorsally projecting surstylus (shiny brown in contrast to yellow epandrium). Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, apex narrow, parallel-sided; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, enlarged anteriorly, rounded, twice length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus more than one-third length of epandrium; apex narrowly rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short, slender processes, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Frons very broad, shiny, with marginal setulae. Scutum with acr 4-serial, closely positioned paired rows separated by greater than length of setae. Hind femur darkened on middle part. Mid femur with short, thin, posteroventral setae along entire length. Abdomen largely brownish; segments 6–8 paler, brownish yellow. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with numerous setulae.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Japan. This species is known from two localities in Japan (Fig. 62).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the distinctive dichoptic condition of males.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF94FFB94EBCF991FBEBB540	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF96FFB64EBCFF5CFB98B0A4.text	0E6887D4FF96FFB64EBCFF5CFB98B0A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila flavipilosa (Coquillett) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila flavipilosa (Coquillett) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 14–16, 43, 51)</p> <p>Microphorus flavipilosus Coquillett, 1900: 413. Type locality: Lowe Inlet, British Columbia, Canada.</p> <p>Euthyneura flavipilosa: Melander, 1902: 359.</p> <p>Anthepiscopus flavipilosus: Melander, 1928: 105; Melander, 1965: 455.</p> <p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ labelled: “Lowe’s Inlet [53.5564°N 129.5875°W]/ 6—3-[18]99 BC”; “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-129.5875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.5564" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -129.5875/lat 53.5564)">Harriman Expedition’</a> 99/ T. Kincaid, Collector ”; “ Paratype No./ 5219/ U.S. N.M. [red label]”; “ LECTOTYPE / of Microphorus / flavipilosus Coq. / des. B.J. Sinclair 2012 [red label]” (USNM). PARALECTOTYPE: same data as lectotype [abdomen missing] (1 ♂, USNM).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. Coquillett (1900) described I. flavipilosa after two male specimens, one of which is missing its abdomen. The complete specimen was designated as the lectotype of this species.</p> <p>Additional material examined. CANADA. British Columbia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-130.87277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.563053" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -130.87277/lat 54.563053)">Chilliwack Lk Rd</a>, 49°6′N 121°36′W, 800 m, 15.vi.2000, Goulet &amp; Gillespie (11 ♀, CNC); Cowichan Lk [48°49′N 124°02′W], 19.vi.1964, J.A. Chapman (1 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC); Dundas Is. [54°33′47″N 130°52′22″W], 22.vii.1987, C.S. Guppy (1 ♀, RBCM); Exchamsiks R, 58 km SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-129.29683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.333332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -129.29683/lat 54.333332)">Terrace</a>, 54°20.0′N 129°17.81′W 15.viii.2008, SEB, CNC161439 (1 ♀, barcoded, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.65778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.05472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.65778/lat 54.05472)">Kitimat</a> [54°03′17″N 128°39′28″W], 2.vi.1960, JGC (6 ♂, CNC); 8 km S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.433334/lat 49.35)">Hope</a> [49°21′N 121°26′W], 28.vi.1991, AB (1 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-130.32722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.31222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -130.32722/lat 54.31222)">Prince Rupert</a> [54°18′44″N 130°19′38″W], 24.vi.1980, R. J. Pilfrey (4 ♀, DEBG); N Vancouver [49°19′N 123°4′W], 8.v.1987, CSG (1 ♀, UBCZ); Queen Charlotte Is., Laskeek Bay, Lost Is., 52°48′14″N 131°29′11″W, 2.vi.–27.vii.2001, S. Allombert (72 ♂, 83 ♀, RBCM); ditto, Low Is., 52°54′14″N 131°32′07″W, 19 and 30.vii.2001 (9 ♀, RBCM); ditto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-131.43333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -131.43333/lat 52.583332)">West Limestone Is.</a>, 52°54′40″N 131°37′20″W, 9.vi.2001 (2 ♀, RBCM); ditto, Hotspring Is. [52°35′N 131°26′W], 11.vi.1981, R.A. Cannings (1 ♀, RBCM); Remo [54°28′N 128°42′W], 13.vi.1960, B.S. Heming (11 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.58333/lat 54.5)">Terrace</a> [54°30′N 128°35′W], 5 and 6.vi.1980, R.J. Pilfrey (6 ♂, 5 ♀, DEBG); Terrace, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.51666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.51666/lat 54.383335)">Lakelse Lk</a> [54°23′N 128°31′W], bog, 14.vi.1960, CHM (3 ♂, CNC); Terrace, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.53835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.512222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.53835/lat 54.512222)">Mt. Thornhill</a> [54°30′44″N 128°32′18″W], 14 and 21.vi.1960, JGC (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); 6 mi W Terrace, 20.vi.1960, JGC (3 ♂, CNC); 6 mi E Terrace, Zymoetz R, 3.vi.1960, JGC (2 ♂, CNC); 14 mi E Terrace, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.40305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.601387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.40305/lat 54.601387)">Kleanza Ck</a> [54°36′05″N 128°24′11″W], 14,17. vii.1960, CHM, JGC, R. Pilfrey, WWM (17 ♂, CNC); 18 mi SW Terrace, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.93333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.93333/lat 54.466667)">Shames</a> [54°28′N 128°56′W], 23.vi.1960, CHM (12 ♂, CNC); 32 mi SW Terrace, 4–11.vi.1960, flowers of Heracleum, CHM, GES, JGC, R. Pilfrey, WWM (68 ♂, 6 ♀, CNC); 50 mi N Terrace, Lava Lk [55.051°N 128.987°W], 8.vii.1960, flowers of dogwood/ flowers of Cornus stolonifera, B.S. Heming, JGC (10 ♂, CNC); 50 mi SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.987&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.051" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.987/lat 55.051)">Terrace</a>, 9.vii.1960, B. Heming, JGC (4 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-127.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -127.03333/lat 54.7)">Tyee</a> [54°42′N 127°02′W], 27 mi E Prince Rupert, 24.vi.1960, B.S. Heming, JGC, WWM (3 ♂, CNC); Vancouver Is., Deep Bay at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.7/lat 49.433334)">Hwy</a> 19 [49°26′N 124°42′W], 9.vii.1983, J.A. Downes (1 ♀, CNC). USA. Alaska: Dall Is. [54°57′N 133°03′W], 5.vii.1947, D.G. Hanna (5 ♀, CAS); Haines, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-135.55501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.33389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -135.55501/lat 59.33389)">Chilkoot Lake</a> SP [59°20′02″N 135°33′18″W], 26.vii.1996, FIT, PHA &amp; M.M. Arnaud (1 ♀, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-131.67334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -131.67334/lat 55.35)">Juneau</a> [58.32°N 134.41°W], vii.1974, N.L.H. Krauss (1 ♂, AMNH); Ketchikan [55°21′00″N 131°40′24″W], 5.v., 19.vi.1954, F. Baker (1 ♂, 1 ♀, WSU); Thane, 24,26. vi.1958, W.C. F. (4 ♀, WSU). Oregon: Benson SP [45°34′33″N 122°07′42″W], Wahkeena Ck, 20.vi.2008, AB (1 ♀, CNC); Clatsop Co., S slope Saddle Mtn [45°58′09″N 123°41′07″W], 2500–3280 ft., 14.vi.1969, E.M. Fisher (1 ♀, CAS); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.34361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.91611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.34361/lat 42.91611)">Curry Co.</a>, 7 mi E Langlois, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.34361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.91611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.34361/lat 42.91611)">Floras Ck</a>, 42°54′58″N 124°20′37″W, 28.v.2009, JMC, CNC161434 (1 ♂, barcorded, CNC); Hood River Co., Starvation Ck SP [45°41′17″N 121°41′21″W], 26.vi.1978, DDW (1 ♀, CAS); Hood River Co., Mt. Hood NF, Mitchell Ck nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.17833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.17833/lat 44.23)">Sahalie Falls</a> [44°20′56″N 121°59′50″W], 1400 m, 27.vi.1978, DDW (1 ♀, CAS); Lane Co., HJ Andrews Exp. For. [44°13′48″N 122°10′42″W], Mack Ck, 2600 ft, 18.v.1983, D.S. Chandler (1 ♂, UNHC). Washington: Clallam Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.36278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.89778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.36278/lat 47.89778)">Bogachiel</a> [47°53′52″N 124°21′46″W], Bogachiel R, 29.vi.1974, PHA (1 ♀, CAS); Clallam Co., Olympic NF, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.11139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.064445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.11139/lat 48.064445)">Klahowya</a> SP [48°03′52″N 124°06′41″W], Soleduck R, 30.vi.1974, PHA (21 ♀, CAS); Clallam Co., Olympic NP, below Sunrise Ridge, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.466385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.994446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.466385/lat 47.994446)">Mt. Angeles</a> [47°59′40″N 123°27′59″W], 1550 m, 22 and 24.vii.1978, DDW (3 ♀, CAS); Clallam Co., Olympic NP, 4.7 km N Fairholm, Solduc Hot Springs Rd, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.92361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.022778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.92361/lat 48.022778)">Salmon Cascades</a>, 48°1′22″N 123°55′25″W, 400 m, 20.vi.2005, C.J. Borkent, CNC161440, CNC161441, CNC161442 (3 ♀, barcoded, LEM); Clallam Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.1156&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.196" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.1156/lat 48.196)">Pysht</a> [48.1960°N 124.1156°W], 22.vi.1984, R. Danielsson (7 ♀, MZLU); Clallam Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.73333/lat 48.133335)">4 km S Joyce</a> [48°08′N 123°44′W], 22.vi.1984, R. Danielsson (2 ♀, MZLU); Clallam Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.26667/lat 48.066666)">10 km N Sappho</a> [48°04′N 124°16′W], 21.vi.1984, R. Danielsson (1 ♀, MZLU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.20166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.979168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.20166/lat 47.979168)">Everett</a> [47°58′45″N 122°12′06″W], 19.vi.1920, ALM (1 ♀, USNM); Everett, 20.vi.1920, A. Spuler (2 ♀, WSU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.029724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.3125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.029724/lat 46.3125)">Ilwaco</a> [46°18′45″N 124°1′47″W], 25.v.1917, 28.vi.1925, ALM (2 ♀, USNM); Lewis Co., nr mi 14 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.773895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.68389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.773895/lat 46.68389)">Skate Ck Rd</a>, 2400 ft, 46°41′2″N 121°46′26″W, 15.vi.2018, JMC (4 ♀, CNC); same data except, Nisqually R, 2076 ft, 46°44′8″N 121°54′5″W (1 ♀, CNC); Lewis Co., mi 14 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.7675&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.68139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.7675/lat 46.68139)">Skate Ck Rd</a>, 2160 ft, 46°40′53″N 121°46′3″W, 15.vi.2018, SEB (1♀, CNC); same data except, seeps, 2400 ft, 46°41′2″N 121°46′26″W (1♀, CNC); Lewis Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.96694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.734722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.96694/lat 46.734722)">Big Ck Cpgd</a> [46°44′05″N 121°58′01″W], 4.4 km SE Ashford, 2.vii. 1974, 550 m, PHA (7 ♀, CAS); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.8125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.8125/lat 46.75)">Longmire</a> [46°45′00″N 121°48′45″W], 27.vi.1935, ALM (1 ♀, USNM); Monroe [47°51′28″N 121°59′18″W], 20.v.1908 (1 ♂, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.98833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.857777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.98833/lat 47.857777)">Mt. Rainier</a> NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.736664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.788334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.736664/lat 46.788334)">Alta Vista</a> [46°47′18″N 121°44′12″W], 27.vii.1922, ALM (1 ♂, USNM); Mt. Rainier NP, Fairfax [47°00′41″N 122°00′54″W], 9.viii.1922 (1 ♂, USNM); Nahcotta [46°29′54″N 124°02′00″W], 21, vi.1953 (2 ♀, WSU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.498333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.03333/lat 46.498333)">Mt. Rainier</a> NP, E Nisqually R bridge, 46°46.807′N 121°45.732′W, 1195 m, 16.vi.2012, BJS, CNC197579 (1 ♀, barcoded, CNC); Mt. Rainier NP, Westside Rd nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.88448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.77905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.88448/lat 46.77905)">Fish Ck</a>, 46°46.743′N 121°53.069′W, 880 m, 4.vi.2013, BJS (5 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.90083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.037777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.90083/lat 47.037777)">Olympia</a> [47°2′16″N 122°54′3″W], 22.vi.1920, ALM (1 ♀, USNM); Skagit Co., Baker Lake [48°43′44″N 121°37′45″W], 27.v.1965, F. Schmid (1 ♂, CNC); Seattle, 28.vi.1917, H.G. Dyne (1 ♀, USNM); Seattle [47°36′N 122°19′W], v.1919, 20.vi.1920, A. Spuler (3 ♀, WSU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.80112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.663612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.80112/lat 46.663612)">South Bend</a> [46°39′49″N 123°48′4″W], 23.v.1917, ALM (2 ♀, USNM); Whatcom Co., Middle Fk Nooksack R, 900 ft, 48°46′15″N 122°4′27″W, 11.vi.2018, nr dam, S.H. Cumming (3 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by yellow chaetotaxy, especially the scutellar setae, pruinescent scutum and yellow halteres. Females are mostly yellow, with a black head and often with a dark median vitta on the scutum.</p> <p>Redescription. Wing length 3.3–4.0 mm. Male (Fig. 16). Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long, pale hair-like setae. Postvertical subequal to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous paler setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel broad, nearly 2.5–3 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus ca 3–4 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 3 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about half as long as segment 9. Proboscis long, projected obliquely; palpus slender, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with yellow setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, matt, without vittae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, without vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hairlike setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr long, 4-serial, arranged in 2 pairs of closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 6–7 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, yellow to yellowish brown, apex of hind tibia and tarsi darker; setae pale to dark. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin setae. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 somewhat flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing slightly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-fourth to one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave to straight. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter yellowish.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, basal segment paler, especially sternites; finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long yellowish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 43) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved slightly with narrowly rounded and truncate apex (viewed posteriorly); gonocoxal apodeme long and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, subequal in length with gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, folded at mid-length, produced into slender apically, flattened lobe. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged surface apically and toothed margin at base; apex tapered and pointed. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into slender horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with finger-like, hooked projection medially. Phallus very slender, arched well beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section very slender, tapered to point; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, longer than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, triangular, one-third length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of long, slender processes, longer than cercus, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 15). Similar to male, except as follows: Mostly yellow, with brown head, tarsi and apex of abdomen. Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutum with dark median stripe (Fig. 14). Scutellum usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs with reduced chaetotaxy. Abdomen with less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (British Columbia), USA (Alaska, Oregon, Washington). This species is restricted to the northern Pacific Coast Ranges of North America (Fig. 51).</p> <p>Remarks. This species is very similar to A. glabricula sp. nov., but the latter has a mostly shiny scutum, dark halteres and differences in the length of the phallus, distiphallus and surstylus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF96FFB64EBCFF5CFB98B0A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF98FFB44EBCFD24FC63B030.text	0E6887D4FF98FFB44EBCFD24FC63B030.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila glabricula Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila glabricula sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 17, 44, 52)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DA300EE3-86C0-454A-AC61-94DF7AC8CA90</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “CAN: AB: Peter Lougheed/ PP; Boulton/Fox Ck Tr/ 14.vii.2015, 1730 m/ N50°37.03 ′ W115°06.67′ / B.J. Sinclair; ex. creek/trail”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / glabricula/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: CANADA. Alberta: Banff [51.5°N 116.0°W], 5.vii.1922, C.B.D. Garrett (3 ♀, CNC; 1 ♀, USNM); Banff, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.60305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.212223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.60305/lat 51.212223)">Cascade Mt. Amphitheatre</a> [51°12′44″N 115°36′11″W], 7000 ft, 4.vii.1925, O. Bryant (1 ♀, CAS); Banff NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.91917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.268612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.91917/lat 51.268612)">Eisenhower Junction</a> [51°16′7″N 115°55′9″W], 4700 ft., 19.vii.1955, GES (1 ♂, CNC); Banff, Norquay Mt., meadows, 5000–6000 ft, 20.vii.1925, O. Bryant (1 ♀, CAS); Banff, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.144726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.575/lat 51.144726)">Sulphur Mt.</a> [51°08′41″N 115°34′30″W] Amphitheatre, 5000–7000 ft, 24.vii.1925, ex. choke cherry, O. Bryant (1 ♂, CAS); mi 14 Banff-Jasper Hwy, 3.viii.1955, R. Coyles (1 ♀, CNC); Hailstone Butte, 2073 m, 50.2024°N - 114.4498°W, alpine meadow, 14.vii.2010, T.A. Wheeler (1 ♀, LEM); 3 kmE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.4261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.2137" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.4261/lat 50.2137)">Hailstone Butte Rte</a> 532, 1719 m, 50.2137°N 114.4261°W, sweep meadow, 9.vii.2010, T. A. Wheeler (1 ♂, LEM); Jasper NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.683334/lat 52.716667)">Bald Hills</a>, 52°43′N 117°41′W, 7400 ft, 11– 27.viii.1972, P. Kuchar (2 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.22806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.411667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.22806/lat 51.411667)">Lake Louise</a> [51°24′42″N 116°13′41″W], 29.vii.1935, ALM (2 ♀, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.185555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.3225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.185555/lat 51.3225)">Moraine Lake</a> [51°19′21″N 116°11′08″W], 31.vii.1935, ALM (1 ♂, USNM); Peter Lougheed PPk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.13017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.607136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.13017/lat 50.607136)">Sarrail Ck</a>, 9.vii.2012, ex. flowers, 50°36′25.7″N 115°7′48.61″W, BJS, CNC197573 (1 ♀, barcoded, CNC); Peter Lougheed PPk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.13965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.76483" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.13965/lat 50.76483)">Grizzly Ck</a>, 9.vii.2012, 1695 m, 50°45.89′N 115°8.379′W, ex. forest &amp; ck, BJS, CNC197578 (1 ♀, barcoded, CNC); Powderface Ridge, 2097 m, 50.8178°N 114.8394°W, sweep treeline, 16.vii.2010, A. MacLeod (1 ♂, LEM); base Prospect Mt., Cadomin [53.03246°N 117.32652°W], sweeping, 19.vii.1987, S.A. Marshall (1 ♀, DEBG); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.98917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.5841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.98917/lat 50.5841)">Ptarmigan Trail</a> [50°35.046′N 114°59.35′W], 6500 ft, 20.vii.1928, O. Bryant (3 ♂, 2 ♀, CAS); Waterton Lakes NP [49°02′45″N 113°54′55″W], 14–20.vii.1980, H.J. Teskey (1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.915276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.045834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.915276/lat 49.045834)">Waterton Lakes</a> NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.0082&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.0683" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.0082/lat 49.0683)">Ruby Ridge</a>, 1676 m, 49.0683°N - 114.0082°W, sweep treeline meadow, 8.vii.2010, T.A. Wheeler (1 ♀, LEM). British Columbia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.049164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.883053" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.049164/lat 50.883053)">Kootenay Pk</a> [50°52′59″N 116°02′57″W], 15.vii.1955, R. Coyles (1 ♀, CNC); Lisadele Lk, 4000 ft, 58°41′N 133°04′W, 11.vii.1960, WWM (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, 9.vii.1960, R. Pilfrey (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Manning PPk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.76889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.079166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.76889/lat 49.079166)">Dry Ridge</a> summit [49°04′45″N 120°46′08″W], 1830 m, 25.vi.1983, SGC (1 ♀, UBCZ); Muncho Lk. PPk [58°54′54″N 125°46′16″W], Alaska Hwy ca 460, 29.vi.1978, PHA (1 ♀, USNM). Yukon: Alaska Hwy, 13.1 kmW Takhini R, 60.81407°N - 135.9706°W, sweep S face grass slope, 11.vii.2012, A.M. Solecki (1 ♀, LEM); Atkin Rd at BC border, 16.vii.1985, E. Krebs &amp; J.J. Robinson (1 ♂, UBCZ); Lone Tree Ck, 60°17′N 132°58′W, 28.vi.1981, CSG (1 ♀, UBCZ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-132.96666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=60.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -132.96666/lat 60.283333)">Morley River</a>, 25.vi.1989, PHA (1 ♂, USNM); Whitehorse [60°43′N 135°03′W], Miles Canyon, 14.vii.1985, E. Krebs &amp; J.J. Robinson (1 ♀, UBCZ); Whitehorse, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-135.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=60.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -135.05/lat 60.716667)">Wolf Ck</a>, 27.v.1981, CSG (1 ♀, UBCZ). USA. Colorado: Clear Ck Co., Grizzly Gulch Rd, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.806114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.676666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.806114/lat 39.676666)">Clear Ck</a>, 10300 ft, 39°40′36″N 105°48′22″W, 13.vi.2017, MT nr ck, JMC &amp; SEB (1 ♂, CNC); Gilpin Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.68278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.934166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.68278/lat 39.934166)">2 mi E Rollins Pass</a> [39°56′03″N 105°40′58″W], 3048 m, 16.viii.1973, DDW (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CAS); Grand Co., Fraser, 9500 ft, 7.vii.1961, JGC (1 ♀, CNC); Grand Co., 2 mi W Rollins Pass, 2438 m, 6.viii.1973, DDW (2 ♂, CAS); Gunnison Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.01056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.95639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.01056/lat 38.95639)">Gothie</a> [=Gothic] [38°57′23″N 107°00′38″W], 9500 ft, 30.vii.1961, JGC (1 ♀, CNC); Lake Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.564445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.108055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.564445/lat 39.108055)">Independence Pass</a> [39°06′29″N 106°33′52″W], 11500 ft, treeline, 31.vii.1961, JGC (1 ♀, CNC); Mt. Evans, Echo Lk [39°39′30″N 105°36′12″W], 26.vii.1961, BHP (1 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.60222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.676113" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.60222/lat 39.676113)">Mt. Evans</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.60222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.676113" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.60222/lat 39.676113)">Doolittle Ranch</a> [39°40′34″N 105°36′08″W], 9800 ft, 8, 31.viii.1961, CHM (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); same data except, 10000 ft, 15.vii.1961 (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, 9800 ft, 22.vii., 3.viii.1961, JGC (1 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); same data except, 23.vii., 3.viii.1961, BHP (2 ♀, CNC); Mt. Evans, Echo Lk, 10600 ft, 13–25.vii.1961, CHM (2 ♂, 10 ♀, CNC); Mt. Evans, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.59056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.64639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.59056/lat 39.64639)">Timberline</a> [39°38′47″N 105°35′26″W], 11700 ft, 29.vii.1961, CHM (2 ♀, CNC); same data except, S.M. Clark (2 ♀, CNC); Mt. Evans, 11300 ft, 10.viii.1961, CHM (1 ♀, CNC); Mt. Evans, marshy clearing, 11300 ft, 10.viii.1961, JGC (3 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.534996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.57222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.534996/lat 39.57222)">New Castle</a> [39°34′20″N 107°32′6″W], 15.vii.1966, W. Boyle, R. Lalonde (1 ♀, LEM); Tennessee <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.31111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.3625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.31111/lat 39.3625)">Pass</a> [39°21′45″N 106°18′40″W], 10240 ft, 30.vii.1917, J.M. Aldrich (1 ♂, USNM). Utah: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.84889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.6425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.84889/lat 37.6425)">Cedar Breaks</a> [37°38′33″N 112°50′56″W], 22.vii.1956, ALM (1 ♂, USNM). Wyoming: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.4525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.786667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.4525/lat 44.786667)">Dunraven Pass</a> [44°47′12″N 110°27′09″W], 26.vii.1956, ALM (1 ♀, USNM); Sheridan Co., Black Mt. [44°32′N 107°46′W], Hwy 14, pine forest, pans cow dung, 5–20.viii.1990, J.E. Swann (1 ♀, DEBG); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.08/lat 43.75)">Teton Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.08/lat 43.75)">Togwotee Pass</a> [43°45′00″N 110°04′48″W], 17.vii.1961, JGC (2 ♀, CNC); Yellowstone Pk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.128334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.465" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.128334/lat 44.465)">Sylvan Pass</a> [44°27.9′N 110°7.7′W], 22.vii.1934, ALM (1 ♀, USNM).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by elongate mouthparts, 4-serial acrostichals, mostly shiny scutum, pale scutellar setae, elongate hypoproct processes and broad dorsally directed surstylus (Fig. 44).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.3–3.6 mm. Male (Fig. 17). Head dark brown in ground-colour, with yellowish to brownish black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical subequal to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part, pale posterior to mouthparts.Antenna dark brown; scape subequal in length with globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel evenly broad, nearly 2.5 times longer than basal width, gradually tapered, base not expanded; stylus long, more than 4 times width, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 3 times longer than wide, apical sensillum half length of segment 9. Proboscis partially retracted in head, longer than head height, projected obliquely; palpus slender, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle often slightly paler, with pale setation dorsally, darker laterally; scutum mostly shiny, usually with pruinescence on anterior half (including postpronotal lobe, notopleuron), prescutellar depression and sometimes along setal rows resulting in pair of shiny vittae between acr and dc setae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1–2 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr short, 4-serial, with 2 pairs of closely space rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows nearly narrower length of acr; dc uniserial (with additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, several presut spal, 4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal (with several additional setular), 7–9 pairs of pale sctl of various lengths.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely yellowish brown to brown; knees of fore and mid legs yellowish, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Mid and hind tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly weakly infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, pigmented, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long pale to brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 44) concolorous with abdomen, aligned. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded basally, narrowed and arched dorsally; apex truncate; gonocoxal apodeme short and narrow; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, subequal in length to ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite narrow laterally, gently curved as broad plate with broadly divergent forked apex, forming short apicolateral projection. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically; apex tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally, broad; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into broad, dorsally directed surstylus, with short tooth-like projection medially. Phallus projecting upright well beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically, sclerotized along dorsal margin; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, extending well beyond base of epandrium. Cercus short, narrow, one-third length of epandrium, digitiform, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct divided apically into pair of long narrow processes, shorter than cercus.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Chaetotaxy shorter than male; eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, shiny, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5 pairs of pale setae. Legs yellowish brown, darker apically. Abdomen pale brown with shorter, less prominent pale setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon), USA (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming). This species is known primarily from the Rocky Mountains (Fig. 52).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is after the Latin glaber (smooth, without hair), in reference for the mostly to partially shiny scutum.</p> <p>Remarks. This species appears related to I. flavipilosa and I. longipalpis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF98FFB44EBCFD24FC63B030	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF9AFFB14EBCFD48FE6FB3DC.text	0E6887D4FF9AFFB14EBCFD48FE6FB3DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila gracilis Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila gracilis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 45, 81)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EE873BBA-FABC-4109-A6C8-841C198826F3</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ RUSSIA: Altai Rep., Kosh-/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=89.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 89.23333/lat 50.0)">Agach distr.</a>, 17 km NE vill./ Kokorya, 2200m, 50°00′N,/ 89°14′E, 30.06.– 2.07.2014 / leg. I. Shamshev ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / gracilis/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (ZIN). PARATYPES: MONGOLIA. Ikh-Jarantyn-Gol, 20 km NW of Bulgan [48°48′N 103°32′E], 4.vii.1980, M. Kozlov (1 ♂, ZIN). RUSSIA. Altai Republic: Same data as holotype (1 ♂, ZIN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.77684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.07872" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.77684/lat 50.07872)">Mount Aktru</a>, 50.078720°N 87.776840°E, 2–3.vii.2013, MT, J.H. Skevington (1 ♂, CNC).</p> <p>Additional material examined. RUSSIA. Altai Republic: Same data as holotype (14 ♀, ZIN).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is recognized by slender male cerci and hypoproct processes, elongate ejaculatory apodeme and dorsally projecting surstylus (Fig. 45).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.6–3.7 mm. Male. Head black in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput finely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, brownish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 subequally long thin proclinate setae. Postvertical and postocular setae long, thin; additionally, occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna black; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel rather narrow basally, nearly 3 times longer than wide, smoothly tapered; stylus rather long, nearly 1/3 length of postpedicel, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, about 3 times as long as wide, apical sensillum nearly 1/3 length of segment 9. Proboscis long, projected obliquely; labium about as long as head height; palpus narrow, long, with long setae, projected parallel to labrum, nearly as long as labrum.</p> <p>Thorax black in ground-colour, mostly with black setation, with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle often paler; scutum viewed dorsally matt brown, subshiny, finely brown pollinose, viewed anteriorly brown pollinose; mesopleuron uniformly densely brownish grey pollinose. Proepisternum with several yellowish hairlike setae. Postpronotal lobe with 2 long and several short setae. Mesonotal setae prominent but thin, hair-like; acr rather long, irregularly biserial, arranged in pair of closely spaced rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc irregularly 2–3-serial and offset from rows anteriorly, somewhat longer than acr, ending by 2 long prescutellar pairs; 1 ph, 2–3 presut spal, 5 npl (with 2 additional shorter setae), row of several psut spal of different lengths, 1 pal, 6–8 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs almost wholly brownish, only knees brownish yellow. Coxae and trochanters with ordinary hair-like setae. Fore femur with moderately long bristly hairs on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with similar pattern of setation but posteroventral setae longer. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal bristly setae. Tibiae with rows of more prominent dorsal setulae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 on all legs somewhat flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing largely hyaline, with brownish yellow veins; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brown, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; vein R 2+3 straight to slightly curved in apical part; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically, almost truncate; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-cu crossvein straight to slightly curved. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish pollinose, covered with numerous long yellowish brown setae. Terminalia (Fig. 45) concolorous with abdomen, large. Hypandrium with several short setae, rounded, upcurved with narrowly rounded and folded apex; gonocoxal apodeme long and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, subequal in length with gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, arched, extended to near epandrial margin as plate. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged surface apically and toothed margin at base; apex tapered and pointed. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into broad, curved, dorsally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with tooth-like projection medially. Phallus very slender, arched well beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section very slender, tapered to point; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, enlarged, rounded, more than twice length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, very slender, one-third length of epandrium, with short medial projection near base; apex narrowly rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very long, slender processes, longer than cercus, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male [associated by collecting event], except as follows: Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, shiny to finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Stylus short, length shorter than width. Scutum with acr biserial, not irregular. Scutellum usually with 3–5 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, yellow; tarsomeres darker. Halter yellow. Abdomen paler, especially sternites with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Mongolia, Russia. This species is known from the Altay Mountains (Fig. 81).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is after the Latin gracilis (slender), in reference to the slender male cerci and hypoproct processes.</p> <p>Remarks. The long female series collected with the males, differ in scutal chaetotaxy (distinct biserial acr) and very short stylus, which possibly suggests that they are not conspecific. Consequently, they were listed as additional material, rather than paratypes.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF9AFFB14EBCFD48FE6FB3DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF9FFFB04EBCFDE9FAF1B150.text	0E6887D4FF9FFFB04EBCFDE9FAF1B150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila grandis Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila grandis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 18, 46, 49)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0935B4C3-958D-4D09-89EF-17C3E1A01849</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.03555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.965557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.03555/lat 40.965557)">Fieldbrook</a> [40°57′56″N 124°02′08″W]/ Humboldt Co. / Cal. Mar. 24, ’35/ B.P. Bliven ”; “BRUNSON P. BLIVEN/ COLLECTION/ 1981 Accession/ CALIF. ACAD. OF SCI.”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / grandis/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CAS). PARATYPE: USA. California: Same data as holotype (1 ♂, CAS).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by its very large size (wing length 4.3 mm) and the male terminalia is similar to I. longipalpis, but the surstylus is broader, the apex of the postgonite is expanded and the proboscis is very long (Fig. 46).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 4.3 mm. Male (Fig. 18). Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part, pale brown posterior to mouthparts. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 4 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus ca 3–4 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped [broken]; segment 9 tubular, 2–3 times longer than wide. Proboscis very long, projected obliquely; labium nearly twice head height; palpus [broken] slender, projected parallel to labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle often paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, with pair of faintly shiny vittae, between acr and dc setae; viewed anteriorly densely pruinose with pair of pruinescent vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and numerous shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr short, 4-serial, multi-serial anteriorly, arranged in closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–5 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 8 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae, especially distinct apically; and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of hindleg with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) less than one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, pale, ending short of wing margin. Halter dark brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long pale brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 46) concolorous with abdomen, large. Hypandrium with numerous short setae, rounded basally, narrowed apically with narrow, folded apex, with roughened posterior apex; gonocoxal apodeme long and narrow; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, flattened plate, arched, truncate apically, fused with opposite postgonite with lateral projection. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically; apex expanded. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into broad dorsally projecting, slightly curved anteriorly surstylus; inner margin of surstylus with short tooth-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched well beyond epandrium, bent more than right angles subapically; apical section sinuous and slender; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, greatly expanded anteriorly, slightly longer than length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, triangular, one-third length of epandrium; narrowed apically with apex pointed, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very long, slender processes, longer than cercus.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA (California). This species is known only from its type locality in Humboldt County, California (Fig. 49).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is the Latin grandis (large, great), in reference to its large body size and lengthened mouthparts.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was collected in late March, when there are few collection records of the genus at that time of year in California. This apparent early flight period may explain the rarity of the species in collections.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF9FFFB04EBCFDE9FAF1B150	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF9EFFAF4EBCFC65FDD0B654.text	0E6887D4FF9EFFAF4EBCFC65FDD0B654.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila lolo Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila lolo sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 47, 50)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4DF4EC11-EEA7-4ADA-A3FF-B96E5049D225</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ USA: MT: Missoula Co. / Lolo NF; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.74627&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.055634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.74627/lat 47.055634)">Gold Ck Rd</a>; 1680m / 47°03.338′N 113°44.776′W / 27.vi.2017, B.J. Sinclair / ex. roadside flowers”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / lolo/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by the elongate stylus (nearly half length of postpedicel), pale setae of the scutum and scutellum and biserial acrostichals; otherwise very similar to I. subnupta sp. nov., but hypandrium is longer and tapered apically (Fig. 47).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.2 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hairlike setae. Postvertical setae subequal in length with postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part; very pale setae posterior to mouth. Antenna brown; scape subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 4 times longer than basal width, smoothly tapered; stylus nearly half length of postpedicel, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 3 times longer than wide, apical sensillum one-third as long as segment 9. Proboscis very long, projected obliquely; labium more than 1.5 times longer than head height; palpus slender, elongate, projected parallel to labrum, distinctly shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with yellow setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely greyish pruinescent, without distinct vittae; viewed anteriorly densely pruinose, without vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hairlike setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct; acr moderately long, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows slightly narrower than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal; 3 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely yellowish brown; tarsi somewhat darker; chaetotaxy pale. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with slightly prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing slightly uniformly infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, pale, ending short of wing margin. Halter brownish.</p> <p>Abdomen pale brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long pale setae. Terminalia (Fig. 47) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved apically with narrow, tapered, flattened apex; gonocoxal apodeme short and broad; inner apodeme small and flattened, half length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite short, arched, paired appressed tapered lobes. Phallic guide extended slightly beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically; apex tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge moderately narrow; produced distally into broad horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with hooked projection medially. Phallus slender, arched slightly beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section broad, truncate; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, slightly shorter than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, triangular, one-quarter length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very short processes, not projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA (Montana). This species is known only from the type locality in Montana (Fig. 50).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, the Lolo National Forest in Montana, USA and is a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is somewhat similar to I. subnupta sp. nov., and is distinguished by the yellowish thoracic setae and biserial acrostichals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF9EFFAF4EBCFC65FDD0B654	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF81FFAD4EBCFB61FA04B57C.text	0E6887D4FF81FFAD4EBCFB61FA04B57C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila longipalpis (Melander) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila longipalpis (Melander) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 8, 48, 64)</p> <p>Anthepiscopus longipalpis Melander, 1928: 106. Type locality: Arlington, Washington, USA.</p> <p>Anthepiscopus longipalpis: Melander, 1965: 455.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀, labelled: “Arlington [48°10′52″N 122°8′20″W]/ 5.21.[190]8Was”; “window”; “ TYPE / Anthepiscopus / longipalpis/ Mel. [red label]”; “ALMelander/ Collection/ 1961” (USNM).</p> <p>Additional material examined. CANADA. Alberta: Banff NP [51.5°N 116.0°W], 14 mi W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.0/lat 51.5)">Banff</a>, Ledum groenlandicum, 7.vii.1955, GES (1 ♀, CNC); Banff NP, 26 km N Lk. Louise, trib. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.616665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.316666/lat 51.616665)">Mosquito Ck</a> [51°37′N 116°19′W], 28.vi.1989, BJS (1 ♂, CNC). British Columbia: 37 km W Anahim Lake [52°24′N 125°14′W], 6.vii.1992, A. Borkent (2 ♂, CNC); same data except, 48 km NW, 14.vii.1992 (1 ♂, CNC); Cowichan Lk. [48°49′N 124°02′W], 19.vi.1964, J.A. Clapman (2 ♀, CNC); Cultus <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.65778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.05472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.65778/lat 54.05472)">Lk</a>. [49°04′N 121°58′W], 24.v.1965, F. Schmid (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Galiano Is. [48°55′N 123°25′W], Spanish Hills, 29.iv.1979, 9.v.1982, G.G.E. Scudder (3 ♀, UBCZ); Kilimat [54°03′17″N 128°39′28″W], 2.vi.1960, JGC (2 ♀, CNC); same data except, 30.vi.1960, GES (1 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-132.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -132.9/lat 58.716667)">King Salmon Lk.</a>, 58°43′N 132°54′W, 15.vii.1960, R. Pilfrey (1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.77611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.72278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.77611/lat 54.72278)">Kitsumkalum Lk.</a> [54°43′22″N 128°46′34″W], 20 mi N Terrace, 31.v., 16.vi.1960, JGC (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.40305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.601387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.40305/lat 54.601387)">Kleanza Ck</a> [54°36′05″N 128°24′11″W], 14 mi E Terrace, 17.vi., 4.vii.1960, CHM (2 ♀, CNC); same data except, 19.vii.1960, W. R. Richards (2 ♀, CNC); same data except, 29.vi., 4.vii.1960, JGC (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, 17.vi.1960, B. Pilfrey (1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.24472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.041668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.24472/lat 49.041668)">Mission City</a> [49°2′30″N 122°14′41″W], 3 and 9.vi.1953, W. R.M. Mason (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Mt. Allard, 23 mi N Terrace, 11.viii.1960, CHM 1 ♀, CNC); Mt. Thornhill, nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.53835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.512222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.53835/lat 54.512222)">Terrace</a> [54°30′44″N 128°32′18″W], 21.vi., 14.vii.1960, JGC (1 ♂, 7 ♀, CNC); same data except, 14 and 26.vii.1960, B. Heming (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); same data except, 14.vii.1960, CHM (1 ♀, CNC); 8 km E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.9/lat 50.883335)">Sicamous</a> [50°53′N 118°54′W], 22.v.1992, AB (1 ♀, CNC); 24 km NE Sicamous, 19.v.1991, AB (1 ♀, CNC); 13 km SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.3/lat 48.5)">Port Renfrew</a> [48°30′N 124°18′W], 5.vii.1991, AB (4 ♀, CNC); Squamish, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.05/lat 49.75)">Diamond Head Tr.</a> [49°45′N 123°03′W], 4000 ft, 28.viii.1953, GJS (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, 3500 ft, 5.viii.1953, E. Mason (1 ♂, CNC); 10 mi N Terrace, Glacier Ck, 7.vii.1960, JGC (7 ♀, CNC); 32 mi SW Terrace, 4–6.vi.1960, GES (2 ♀, CNC); same data except, 6.vi.1960, R. Pilfrey (1 ♀, CNC); Vancouver Is., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.05/lat 48.816666)">Lk</a>. Cowichan, 48°49′N 124°03′W, 28.vi.1983, J.A. Downes (1 ♀, CNC). Yukon: North Fork Crossing, mi 42 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-138.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=64.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -138.28334/lat 64.45)">Peel Plateau Rd.</a> [64°27′N 138°17′W], 3500 ft, 24.vi.1962, PJS (1 ♀, CNC). USA. Alaska: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-145.48805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=63.211666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -145.48805/lat 63.211666)">Isabel Pass</a> [63°12′42″N 145°29′17″W], mi 206 Richardson Hwy, 2900 ft, 15.vi.1962, PJS (1 ♀, CNC); Thane [58°15′51″N 134°19′49″W], 1.viii.1952, WCF (1 ♀, WSU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-135.2561&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.47972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -135.2561/lat 59.47972)">White Pass</a> [59°28′47″N 135°15′22″W], 10 mi Skagway, 30.vii.1996, PHA &amp; MA (3 ♀, USNM). Oregon: Benton Co., Mary’s Peak Cpgd, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.560005&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.50911" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.560005/lat 44.50911)">Meadow Edge Tr.</a>, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.560005&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.50911" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.560005/lat 44.50911)">Upper Parker Ck</a>, 44°30′32.8″N 123°33′36.0″W, 1077 m, 4.vii.2014, JMC (1 ♂, CNC); Clackamas Co., Mt. Hood NF, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.867226&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.304443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.867226/lat 45.304443)">Tollgate Cpgd</a> [45°19′21″N 121°54′24″W], 22.vi.1977, DDW (8 ♀, CAS); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.867226&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.304443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.867226/lat 45.304443)">Clackamas Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.867226&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.304443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.867226/lat 45.304443)">Bruin Run Ck</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.867226&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.304443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.867226/lat 45.304443)">Camp Ck Cpgd</a> [45°18′16″N 121°52′02″W], 24.vi.1974, PHA (2 ♀, CAS); Clackamas Co., Mt. Hood NF, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.73855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.29505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.73855/lat 45.29505)">Still Ck Cpgd</a>, 45°17.703′N 121°44.313′W, 1150 m, 9.vii.2013, BJS (1 ♀, CNC); Marion Co., Silver Falls SP, 23 and 24.vi.1974, PHA (7 ♀, CAS); Marion Co., Willamette NF, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.18685&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.76615" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.18685/lat 44.76615)">French Ck Rd.</a>, 44°45.969′N 122°11.211′W, 660 m, 10.vii.2013, BJS (1 ♀, CNC). Washington: Clallam Co., Olympic NF, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.11139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.064445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.11139/lat 48.064445)">Klahowya</a> SP [48°03′52″N 124°06′41″W], Soleduck R., 30.vi.1974, PHA (1 ♀, CAS); Clallam Co., Olympic NP, meadow below Sunrise Ridge, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.466385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.994446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.466385/lat 47.994446)">Mt. Angeles</a> [47°59′40″N 123°27′59″W], 1550 m, 22 and 24.vii.1978, DDW (4 ♂, CAS); same data except, Lake Creek, 24.vii.1978 (9 ♀, CAS); Clallam Co., Beaver <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.24444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.114166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.24444/lat 48.114166)">Lk</a>., 5 km NE Sappho, 48°06′51″N 124°14′40″W, 7.vi.2004, C.J. Borkent (4 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.24444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.114166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.24444/lat 48.114166)">Clallam Co.</a>, Olympic NP, nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.91875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.07" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.91875/lat 48.07)">Fairholm Cpgd</a>, 48°04′12″N 123°55′7.5″W, 24.vi.2005, C.J. Borkent (1 ♀, LEM); same data except, CNC161443, CNC161444, CNC161445, CNC161446 (1 ♂, 3 ♀, barcoded, LEM); Everett [47°58′45″N 122°12′06″W], 20.vi.1920, A Spuler (6 ♀, WSU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.20166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.979168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.20166/lat 47.979168)">Everett</a>, 19.vi.1920, 4.vii.1924, ALM (1 ♂, 27 ♀, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.029724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.3125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.029724/lat 46.3125)">Ilwaco</a> [46°18′45″N 124°1′47″W], 5.v.1918, ALM (1 ♀, USNM); King Co., Seattle, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.043335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.535557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.043335/lat 47.535557)">Issaquah</a> [47°32′8″N 122°2′36″W], 23.vii.1988, R. Danielsson (1 ♀, MZLU); King Co., 5.5 km W Greenwater, nr Federation Forest SP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.727776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.15778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.727776/lat 47.15778)">Jct Hwy</a> 410 &amp; W-6300, 47°09′28″N 121°43′40″W, 515 m, 25.vi.2005, C.J. Borkent (1 ♀, LEM); Lewis Co., trib. Catt Ck, 2847 ft, 46°41′53″N 121°57′46″W, 16.vi.2018, JMC (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Lewis Co., stream at mi 9 Skate Ck Rd, 2460 ft, 46°43′32.01″N 121°49′51″W, 15.vi.2018, JMC (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Lewis Co., Knuppenburg Lk., 17 km ENE Packwood, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.41583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.629444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.41583/lat 46.629444)">Hwy</a> 12, 1260 m, 46°37′46″N 121°24′57″W, 11.vi.2004, C.J. Borkent (1 ♀, LEM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.41583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.629444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.41583/lat 46.629444)">Mason Co.</a>, 16 kmW Lilliwaup, Staircase, Olympic NP, N Fk Skokomish R., 47°31′06″N 123°19′58″W, 280 m, 10.vi.2004, C.J. Borkent (1 ♀, LEM); Mt. Constitution [48°40′39″N 122°49′52″W], 17.v.1910 (2 ♀, UNSM); Mt. Baker, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.86444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.880833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.86444/lat 48.880833)">Skyline Tr</a> [48°52′51″N 121°51′52″W], 10.viii.1925, ALM (3 ♀, USNM); Mt. Rainier, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.77583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.792778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.77583/lat 46.792778)">Van Trump Ck</a> [46°47′34″N 121°46′33″W],. ix.1917, ALM (1 ♀, USNM); Mt. Rainier NP, nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.79417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.767498" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.79417/lat 46.767498)">Cougar Cpgd</a> [46°46′03″N 121°47′39″W], 8.vii.1989, BJS (2 ♀, CNC); Mt. Rainer NP, ck nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.641106&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.9025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.641106/lat 46.9025)">White River Cpgd</a> [46°54′09″N 121°38′28″W], 1340 m, 3.viii.1977, DDW (2 ♂, CAS); same data except, Fish Ck, West Side Rd, 910 m, 1.viii.1977 (4 ♀, CAS); same data except, along Sunbeam Ck above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.72305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.77111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.72305/lat 46.77111)">Louise Lk.</a> [46°46′16″N 121°43′23″W], 1520 m, 4.viii.1977 (1 ♀, CAS); Mt. Rainier NP, Narada Falls to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.73333/lat 46.766666)">Reflection Lk. Tr.</a>, 46°46′N 121°44′W, 1400 m, 17.vii.2012, BJS (1 ♂, 10 ♀, CNC); same data except, CNC197570, CNC197571, CNC197572 (2 ♂, 1 ♀, barcoded, CNC); same data except, ex. Erythronium montanum (1 ♂, CNC); same data except, Westside Rd nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.88448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.77905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.88448/lat 46.77905)">Fish Ck</a>, 46°46.743′N 121°53.069′W, 880 m, 4.vii.2013 (1 ♂, 16 ♀, CNC); same data except, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.642166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.755634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.642166/lat 46.755634)">Stevens Ck Tr.</a>, 46°45.338′N 121°38.530′W, 1400 m, 17.vii.2012 (1 ♀, CNC); Mt. Rainier NP, Longmire Tr., marsh W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.81417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.74889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.81417/lat 46.74889)">Inn</a>, 46°44′56″N 121°48′51″W, 850 m, 25.vi.2005, C.J. Borkent (2 ♀, LEM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.90083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.037777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.90083/lat 47.037777)">Olympia</a> [47°2′16″N 122°54′3″W], 22.vi.1920, ALM (1 ♂, 2 ♀, USNM); Olympic NP, Sol Due River [47°58′00″N 123°51′28″W], 6.vii.1978, D.E. Hardy (1 ♀, WSU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.40889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.548054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.40889/lat 46.548054)">Pluvius</a> [46°32′53″N 123°24′32″W], 10.vii.1917, ALM (1 ♀, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.45944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.24139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.45944/lat 47.24139)">Tacoma</a> [47°14′29″N 122°27′34″W], 27.v.1917, ALM (1 ♂, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.46833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.41611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.46833/lat 47.41611)">Vashon</a> [47°24′58″N 122°28′6″W], 28.v.1917, ALM (2 ♂, 11 ♀, USNM). Wyoming: Sheridan Co., Black Mtn [44°44′17″N 107°23′16″W], pine forest, ypans, dung, 5–20.vii.1990, J. Swann (1 ♂, 11 ♀, DEBU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.08/lat 43.75)">Teton Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.08/lat 43.75)">Togowte Pass</a> [43°45′00″N 110°04′48″W], 9000 ft, 22.vii.1953, R. R. Driesbach (1 ♂, CNC).</p> <p>Possible additional material. USA. California: Placer Co., E end <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.309444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.665/lat 39.309444)">Bear Valley</a> [39°18′34″N 120°39′54″W], 1.vi.1964, PHA (2 ♀, CAS).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by 4-serial acrostichal setae, thinly pruinescent scutum with dark chaetotaxy, elongate mouthparts, pale legs and features of the male terminalia (hypoproct process extending beyond cercus; narrow, upright surstylus) (Fig. 48).</p> <p>Redescription. Wing length 3.2–3.8 mm. Male (Fig. 8). Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part, pale brown posterior to mouthparts. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 4 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus ca 3–4 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2–3 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis very long, projected obliquely; labium longer than head height; palpus slender, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle often paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, without vittae; viewed anteriorly densely pruinose; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr 4-serial, arranged in 2 pairs of closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows wider than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 6–7 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs pale yellow to yellowish brown, coxae and tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae, especially distinct apically; and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly pale infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved; CuA+CuP long, pale, ending short of wing margin. Halter with brown knob, base of shaft paler.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, basal 4 segments paler; covered with long mostly yellowish setae, setae dark or pale on apical segments. Terminalia (Fig. 48) concolorous with abdomen, large. Hypandrium with numerous short setae, rounded basally, narrowed apically with narrow, folded apex, with roughened posterior apex; gonocoxal apodeme long and expanded apically; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, slightly longer than length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, flattened plate, arched, truncate apically with lateral projection. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically; apex rounded. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into slender, dorsally projecting, slightly curved surstylus; inner margin of surstylus with short tooth-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched well beyond epandrium, bent more than right angles subapically; apical section sickle-shaped, tapered and very slender; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, greatly expanded anteriorly, nearly twice length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, triangular, one-third length of epandrium; narrowed apically with apex pointed, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very long, slender processes, longer than cercus.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, shiny to thinly pruinescent, with marginal setulae. Scutum pruinescent. Scutellum pruinose, usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs similar to male. Abdomen with shorter, less prominent pale setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with brownish setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon), USA (Alaska, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming). This species is confined to the western Cordillera of North America from Alaska and Yukon to Wyoming, with most records along the northern Pacific Coast Ranges (Fig. 64).</p> <p>Remarks. This species is very similar to I. sierrensis sp. nov. and I. flavipilosa in terms of male terminalia, but is distinguished by the different lengths of the phallus and phallic guide and orientation and shape of the surstylus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF81FFAD4EBCFB61FA04B57C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF82FFAA4EBCFF5CFE79B0A4.text	0E6887D4FF82FFAA4EBCFF5CFE79B0A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila luteitibia Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila luteitibia sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 53, 63)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8C17B8A3-BB5C-4B50-A0A2-BA5BA1DD8479</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “[YAMANASHI]/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.57&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.86" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.57/lat 35.86)">Kanayama</a> [35.86°N 138.57°E]/ Sudama/ April 16, 1964 / A. Kato col.”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / luteitibia/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (KUMF). PARATYPES: JAPAN. Kumamoto: Haki, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.8/lat 32.533333)">Izumimura</a> [32°32′N 130°48′E], 21.iv.1980, K. Ohara (1 ♀, KUMF). Nagano: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.51666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.51666/lat 36.766666)">Okushiga</a> kohgen [36°46′N 138°31′E], 31.v.1975, TS (3 ♂, 5 ♀, KUMF). Yamanashi: same data as holotype (5 ♂, 1 ♀, KUMF); Kanayama, 3.vi.1963, A. Kato (1 ♂, KUMF).</p> <p>Additional material examined. JAPAN. Fukuoka: Inunakiyama, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.53334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.53334/lat 33.683334)">Wakamiya</a> [33°41′N 130°32′E], 15.iv.1962, M. Shiga (1 ♂, 2 ♀, KUMF); Inunakiyama, Wakamiya, 16.iv.1961, TS (1 ♀, KUMF).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from the other Japanese species by the holoptic males, pale tibiae and pale abdominal setae. Males have short cerci and distinct hypoproct process, apex of phallus arched apically and surstyli broad and project dorsally (Fig. 53).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.1–3.4 mm. Male. Head black in ground-colour, mostly with brown to black setation, occiput finely brownish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, brownish grey pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of thin proclinate setae; anterior ocellars long, posterior ocellars short. Postvertical and postocular setae rather long, thin; additionally, occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna brown; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel 3–3.5 times longer than wide, smoothly tapered; stylus short, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 distinct, tubular, about 2 times longer than wide, apical sensillum half length of segment 9. Proboscis long, projected obliquely; labium about half height of head; palpus slender, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax black in ground-colour, with black setation; scutum viewed dorsally subshiny, finely brownish pollinose, viewed anteriorly brownish grey pollinose, with hardly prominent brown vittae down acr and dc setae; mesopleuron uniformly denser greyish pollinose. Proepisternum with several short hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long and several short setae. Mesonotal setae prominent; acrostichals arranged in 4 irregular rows anteriorly, becoming biserial posteriorly, moderately long, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of setae; dc uniserial, offset from row anteriorly, mostly subequal to acr, 2–3 prescutellar pairs longer; 1 ph, 1 presut spal, 4 npl (with several additional shorter setae), several psut spal of different lengths, 1 pal, 6–7 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs with fore coxa, trochanter and femur (except extreme apex) brownish yellow; mid and hind coxa, trochanter and femur (except extreme apex) brownish; tarsi with tarsomeres 3–5 brownish (sometimes hind tibia and tarsomeres 1–2 brownish apically); otherwise legs yellowish. Coxae and trochanters with ordinary hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of thin posteroventral setae longer subapically. Mid femur with similar pattern of setation but subapical setae longer (somewhat longer than width of femur) and stronger. Hind femur with long thin anteroventral, anterodorsal (somewhat shorter) and posterodorsal setae. Tibiae with row of somewhat prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of all legs with stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 on all legs somewhat flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing finely infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish yellow, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 straight in apical part or slightly curved beneath pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically, almost truncate; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein straight. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter yellowish brown (sometimes knob somewhat darkened).</p> <p>Abdomen dark brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long yellowish bristly hairs. Terminalia (Fig. 53) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several short setae, rounded, slightly upcurved, tapered to truncate apex in posterior view, with lateral flap-like dorsal extension; gonocoxal apodeme short and narrow; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, slightly longer than length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, flattened plate, arched, truncate apically, with lateral projection. Phallic guide extended slightly beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus; apical section paired, tapered, strongly arched with tooth-like projections and jagged margin. Epandrium somewhat inflated laterally; dorsal bridge moderately narrow medially; produced distally into slightly dorsally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with tooth-like projection. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, apex arched, slightly tapered; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, longer than length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, one-third length of epandrium; apex broadly rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of long, slender processes, appressed to cercus, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar triangle, shiny, with marginal setulae. Scutellum with 4 pairs of setae. Halter distinctly yellow. Legs usually paler than in male, with fore coxa, trochanter, femur and mid femur yellowish, hind femur broadly yellowish basally and apically. Fore and mid femora without prominent posteroventral setae. Abdomen with shorter setation, tergites 6 and 7 paler than preceding tergites. Cercus brownish, long, slender.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Japan. This species is present on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Kyushu (Fig. 63).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin luteus (yellow), in reference to the yellow coloured male tibia.</p> <p>Remarks. The male from Fukuoka Prefecture (see Additional material examined section) has darker legs (brownish to brownish yellow), brownish halteres, and abdomen with black to brown setation. The only difference in the male terminalia is the slightly more upright and somewhat narrower surstylus. This male cannot be included in I. incus sp. nov. (the only species from Japan having dark abdominal setation), because the latter has very short antennal stylus and distinctive male terminalia. The females of this series from Fukuoka Prefecture quite agree with the females of the type series.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF82FFAA4EBCFF5CFE79B0A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF84FFA94EBCFD31FD57B790.text	0E6887D4FF84FFA94EBCFD31FD57B790.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila nupta (Melander) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila nupta (Melander) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 54, 65)</p> <p>Anthepiscopus nuptus Melander, 1928: 106. Type locality: Tacoma, Washington, USA.</p> <p>Anthepiscopus nuptus: Melander, 1965: 455.</p> <p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ labelled: “Tacoma [47°14′29″N 122°27′34″W]/ Wash.”; “12.IV.[19]13”; “ TYPE ♂ / Anthepiscopus / nuptus/ Mel. [red label]”; “ALMelander/ Collection/ 1961”; “ LECTOTYPE / Anthepiscopus / nuptus Mel. / Steyskal—1984”; LECTOTYPE / Anthepiscopus / nuptus Melander / des. B.J. Sinclair 2020”. PARALECTOTYPES: USA. Washington: same data as lectotype (14 ♂, 7 ♀, USNM; 1 ♂, CNC; 1 ♂, WSU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.835556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.619442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.835556/lat 48.619442)">Olga</a> [48°37′10″N 122°50′08″W], 18.v.1910 (2 ♀, USNM).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. Melander (1928) stated that this species was based on numerous specimens from Tacoma and that both sexes were found on flowers of Ribes.</p> <p>Two additional paralectotypes of unknown sex are listed from the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (Rohlfien &amp; Ewald 1979), but were not examined. In addition, one male and one female paralectotype are present in the Verrall-Collin Collection, OUMNH (A. Pont pers. comm. 2019), but also not examined.</p> <p>Additional material examined. USA. Washington: Asotin Co., Fields Spring SP [46°04′53″N 117°10′14″W], 4 mi S Anatone, 3500–4000 ft, 12–13.vi.1974, MT, WJT (2 ♂, 2 ♀, OUMNH).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from the similar I. bayarea sp. nov. by the surstylus extending distinctly dorsally from the epandrium and apex of the hypandrium not expanded laterally (Fig. 54).</p> <p>Redescription. Wing length 3.4–3.6 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, ca 3 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus ca 2 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped, basal segment not visible; apical sensillum slightly shorter than stylus. Proboscis long, projected obliquely; labium longer than head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally velvety brown, slightly matt, without vittae, psut spal region shiny without pruinescence; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, without vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr short, 4-serial, arranged in 2 pairs of closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 6–7 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, mostly brownish; knees and tibiae of all legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter brown, base somewhat paler.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 54) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved apically with narrowly rounded and truncate apex (viewed posteriorly), apical posterior face clothed in thickened setae; gonocoxal apodeme short and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, subequal in length with gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, arched posteriorly, produced into broad, flattened plate. Phallic guide extended slightly beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically; apex tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into broad, somewhat tapered, dorsally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with finger-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched slightly beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section with sclerotized dorsal margin, otherwise membranous, tapered; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, longer than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, triangular, one-quarter length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short, slender processes, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows:Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small.Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, somewhat paler than male with reduced chaetotaxy. Base of halter distinctly yellowish. Abdomen somewhat paler, with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA (Washington). This species is currently known only from the state of Washington (Fig. 65).</p> <p>Remarks. Iteaphila nupta appears very similar to I. bayarea sp. nov. and only confidently distinguished by features of the male terminalia outlined in the key.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF84FFA94EBCFD31FD57B790	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF87FFA74EBCFA25FC3AB2F4.text	0E6887D4FF87FFA74EBCFA25FC3AB2F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila sierrensis Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila sierrensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 49, 55)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CD4CEFC9-5454-4667-926B-1341C7534463</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ CA [California, USA]; MADERA CO./ UPPER SODA SPR./ CMPGRD [37.38105522° -119.3887498°]/ JUNE 25-26, 1985 / D.J. BURDICK; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / sierrensis/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: USA. California: same data as holotype (5 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC); Alpine Co., West Fk Carson R., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.89722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.775276" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.89722/lat 38.775276)">Snowshoe Springs Cpgd</a> [38°46′31″N 119°53′50″W], 6600 ft, 20.vi.1971, PHA &amp; M. Arnaud (3 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM); Fresno Co., Huntington Lk., Rancheria C. [37°14′49″N 119°09′45″W], 2600 m, 4 and 7.vii.1984, JFM (7 ♀, CNC); Fresno Co., Huntington Lk., Kaiser C., 2700 m, 23.vii.1984, JFM (1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.257774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.912224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.257774/lat 37.912224)">Fresno Co.</a>, Sierra NF, Badger Flat Cpgd [37.26936 ° -119.1156°], along Rancheria Ck, 2500 m, 30.vii.1979, DDW (4 ♀, CAS); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.257774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.912224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.257774/lat 37.912224)">Mono Co.</a>, Tioga Pass [37°54′44″N 119°15′28″W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.257774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.912224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.257774/lat 37.912224)">Hall Area</a> site, 9.viii.1969, A. R. Moldenke, ex. Ligusticum grayi (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CAS); Mono Co., Virginia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.265274&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.048054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.265274/lat 38.048054)">Lakes</a> [38°02′53″N 119°15′55″W], 9750 ft, 17.vi.1963, H.B. Leech (1 ♀, CAS).</p> <p>Recognition. This species appears most similar to I. longipalpis, but with biserial acrostichal setae, phallus with long and slender apex and female scutum mostly shiny.</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.4–3.6 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part, pale brown posterior to mouthparts. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 4 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus ca 3–4 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2–3 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis very long, projected obliquely; labium longer than head height; palpus slender, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with brown to black setation, occasionally pale; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, with 2 indistinct paler vittae between acr and dc setae; viewed anteriorly densely pruinose; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr very short, biserial, arranged in 2 closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows narrower than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5–9 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs pale yellow to yellowish brown, coxae and tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae, especially distinct apically; and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces.Tibiae without row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, pale, ending short of wing margin. Halter with brown knob, base of shaft paler.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long yellowish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 55) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several short setae, rounded basally, narrowed apically with folded apex; gonocoxal apodeme narrow and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, subequal in length with gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, flattened plate, arched, truncate and fused to other postgonite apically. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically; apex rounded. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge very narrow; produced distally into slender dorsally projecting surstylus; inner margin of surstylus with short tooth-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched well beyond epandrium, bent more than right angles subapically; apical section sickle-shaped, tapered and very slender; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, greatly expanded anteriorly, twice length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, triangular, one-quarter length of epandrium; narrow apically with apex pointed, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very long, slender processes, longer than cercus.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, shiny, with marginal setulae. Scutum dorsally largely shiny, with pruinescence on postpronotal lobes and area posterior, notopleuron and prescutellar depression. Scutellum pruinose, usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs similar to male. Abdomen with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA (California). This species is restricted to the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California (Fig. 49).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the region where it is found, the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is very similar to I. longipalpis and I. flavipilosa in terms of male terminalia, but is distinguished by the different lengths of the phallus and phallic guide.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF87FFA74EBCFA25FC3AB2F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF89FFA64EBCFE81FE05B014.text	0E6887D4FF89FFA64EBCFE81FE05B014.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila spinosa Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila spinosa sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 56, 57, 81)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8DFD999B-AF58-4040-AA67-C0CE4038FF0A</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “(Hokkaido)/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.23334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.23334/lat 43.35)">Nukabira</a> [43°21′N 143°14′E]/ 550-800 m / 13.vi.1967 / T. Saigusa”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / spinosa/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (KUMF). PARATYPES: JAPAN. Hokkaido: Nagayamadake [43°42′N 142°50′E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.83333/lat 43.7)">Taisetsuzan</a>, 10.vii.1967, TS (4 ♂, KUMF); same data as holotype (4 ♀, KUMF); Aizankei [43°43′N 142°48′E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.8/lat 43.716667)">Taisetsuzan</a>, 16.vii.1986, TS (1 ♂, KUMF); same locality, 17.vii.1986, TS (1 ♀, KUMF); Otofukegawa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.23334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.23334/lat 43.35)">Nukabira</a> [43°21′N 143°14′E], 14.vi.1067, TS (1 ♂, KUMF).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from other Japanese species by the holoptic males, pale brown tibiae and pale abdominal setae. Males have short cerci and hypoproct processes, apex of phallus hooked, shaft of phallus with spines and surstyli tapered and project dorsally (Fig. 56).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.1–3.2 mm. Male. Head black, mostly with black setation, occiput finely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia slightly enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of thin setae; anterior ocellars moderately long, posterior ocellars short. Postvertical and postocular setae similar to anterior ocellars; additionally, occiput covered with numerous brownish hairs in lower part.Antenna brown (sometimes scape and pedicel somewhat paler); scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel broad at base, nearly 2.5 times longer than wide, strongly tapered; stylus short, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, about twice as long as wide, apical sensillum about half length of segment 9. Proboscis long, projected obliquely; labium about length of head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax black, mostly with black setation; scutum viewed dorsally subshiny, finely brownish pollinose, viewed anteriorly more distinctly pollinose; mesopleuron uniformly denser greyish pollinose. Proepisternum with several short yellowish hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long and several short setae (sometimes intermixed pale and black). Mesonotal setae prominent; acr moderately long, arranged in 2–3 irregular rows anteriorly, becoming biserial posteriorly, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of setae; dc uniserial, offset from row anteriorly, mostly subequal to acr, 2–3 prescutellar pairs longer; 1 ph, 1–2 presut spal, 2–3 long npl (sometimes with additional shorter setae), 1 psut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 1 pal, 4–5 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs largely tawny yellow; coxae darkened (except apical part), tarsomere 2 apically and tarsomeres 3–5 entirely brownish (in darker specimens tarsi almost entirely brownish, except basal part of tarsomere 1). Coxae and trochanters with ordinary hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of thin posteroventral setae longer subapically. Mid femur with similar pattern of setation but subapical setae longer (somewhat longer than femur is deep) and stronger. Hind femur with long thin anteroventral and dorsal setae, shorter basally. Tibiae lacking prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 on all legs somewhat flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing finely infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 straight in apical part; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically, almost truncate; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein somewhat concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen pale brown, subshiny, finely greyish pollinose, covered with long yellowish hair-like setae. Terminalia (Fig. 56) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several short setae, rounded, slightly upcurved, tapered to narrow apex in posterior view; gonocoxal apodeme long and broad; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, half length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, narrow, not extending beyond epandrium, apex divided into pair of rounded lobes. Phallic guide not extended beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus; apical section short, strongly curved. Epandrium somewhat inflated laterally; dorsal bridge moderately narrow medially, produced distally into shiny, strongly tapered, dorsally projecting surstylus. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, apex arched, parallel-sided, base of shaft with small spiny projections; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, slightly longer than length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, one-third length of epandrium; apex narrowly rounded, extended free from epandrium, anteromedial margin with flattened, rounded plate-like expansion (Fig. 57); hypoproct produced into pair of long, slender processes, appressed to cercus, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar triangle, shiny, with marginal setulae. Legs mostly yellow, progressively darker apically; fore and mid femora without prominent posteroventral setae. Halter yellow. Abdomen largely yellowish brown, with shorter setation, tergites 6 and 7 yellowish posteriorly. Cercus brownish, long, slender.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Japan. This species is restricted to the Japanese island of Hokkaido (Fig. 81).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin spinosus (thorny), in reference to the spine-like projections on the base of the phallus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF89FFA64EBCFE81FE05B014	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF88FFA54EBCFDA1FC43B6E4.text	0E6887D4FF88FFA54EBCFDA1FC43B6E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila subnupta Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila subnupta sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 58, 65)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9CE3F427-E1AA-4BDB-9CDF-97DBA00F09E6</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “USA: ID: Shoshone Co. / Hobo Cedar Grove Bot. Area / St. Joe NF, 21.vi.2014, 1360 m/ N47°05.160′ W116°06.776′ / ex. stream/for. B.J. Sinclair ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / subnupta/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: CANADA. Alberta: Jasper NP, Pocahontas Cpgd, 53.195°, -117.914°, 1131 m, MT, 14.vi.2012, BIOBus 2012, BIOUG06117 - C01, BIOUG06119 - E06 (2 ♂, barcoded, CBG). British Columbia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-133.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -133.06667/lat 58.683334)">Lisdale Lk.</a>, 58°41′N 133°04′W, 9 and12.vii.1960, WWM (8 ♂, 8 ♀, CNC); same data except, 9 and11.vii.1960, R. Pilfrey (11 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.73444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.97167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.73444/lat 50.97167)">24 km NE Sicamous</a> [50°58′18″N 118°44′04″W], 19.v.1991, AB (1 ♂, CNC). USA. Idaho: same data as holotype (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Kootenai Co., Hwy 97; St. Joe NF, FR438, 19.vi. 2014, 660 m, N47°36.392′ W116°40.099′, Beauty Ck, BJS (1 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.83778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.21" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.83778/lat 46.21)">Lake Waha</a> [46°12′36″N 116°50′16″W], 9.vi.1918, ALM (4 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM); Waha, 30.v.1924, ALM (1 ♂, 2 ♀, USNM); Latah Co., nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.39444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.859165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.39444/lat 46.859165)">Bovill</a> [46°51′33″N 116°23′40″W], 9.v.1978, S. T. Rose (1 ♂, WFBM). Oregon: Crook Co., Ochoco NF, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.359333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.375/lat 44.359333)">Kyle Ck</a>, 44°21.56′N 120°22.5′W, 19.iv.–12.vii.2017, MT, S. Fitzgerald (3 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Klamath Co. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.92889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.126663" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.92889/lat 42.126663)">12 mi SW Keno</a> [42°7′36″N 121°55′44″W], side hill rill, 5.vi.1964, V. Miller (1 ♂, WSU). Washington: Asotin Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.170555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.081387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.170555/lat 46.081387)">Fields’ Spring</a> SP [46°04′53″N 117°10′14″W], 4 mi S Anatone, 3500–4000 ft, 12–13.vi.1974, MT, WJT (1 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from A. nupta by the surstylus extending horizontally from the epandrium, not curved dorsally, and postgonite with pair of slender apical lobes (Fig. 58).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.3–3.4 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose.Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae longer than short postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 4 times longer than basal width, base somewhat expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus ca 3–4 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2–3 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis medium-length, projected obliquely; labium slightly shorter than head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, with 2 indistinct paler vittae between acr and dc setae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, with 2 indistinct darker vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr very short, 4-serial, arranged in 2 pairs of closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows greater than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 6–7 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hairlike setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Mid and hind tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 somewhat flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-third length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending just short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 58) concolorous with abdomen, small, hypandrium and epandrium densely clothed in long pubescence. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved apically with narrowly rounded and truncate apex (posterior view); gonocoxal apodeme short and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, subequal in length with ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite arched, produced into pair of slender apical lobes. Phallic guide extended slightly beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with jagged or toothed surface apically; apex tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into slender horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with finger-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched slightly beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section broad, truncate; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, shorter than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus short, triangular, one-quarter length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of very short, slender processes, slightly projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows:Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small.Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, somewhat paler than male with reduced chaetotaxy. Abdomen somewhat paler with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia), USA (Idaho, Oregon, Washington). This species primarily occurs in the Pacific Northwest of North America, extending into northern British Columbia (Fig. 65).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after its similarity with I. nupta.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is very similar to I. nupta, distinguished by the male terminalia, specifically the apex of the epandrium and surstylus, as well as the configuration of the postgonite.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF88FFA54EBCFDA1FC43B6E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF8BFFA54EBCFAF1FDC0B420.text	0E6887D4FF8BFFA54EBCFAF1FDC0B420.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila oedalina (Zetterstedt 1838) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila oedalina species group</p> <p>(= I. nepalensis species group)</p> <p>In Sinclair &amp; Shamshev (2012), this species group was known as the I. nepalensis species group. The concept is expanded here to include species with unbranched R 4+5 and defined on the basis of recurved apex of the phallus. In addition to I. nepalensis Shamshev, I. rasnitsyni Shamshev and I. saigusai Shamshev with R 4+5 branched, this group includes the following species (Table 3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF8BFFA54EBCFAF1FDC0B420	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF8BFFA34EBCF9B5FC0FB7CC.text	0E6887D4FF8BFFA34EBCF9B5FC0FB7CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila aktruensis Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila aktruensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 59, 81)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A16F3D01-D18D-49E8-81D0-C00C2B3125A2</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “2/ 3.vii.2013 (RUS [Russia])/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.666664/lat 50.083332)">Aktru</a> [50°05′N 87°40′E], stream nr village/ Leg. A. van Eck / 45U 555.38 5547.72”; “ Euthyneura / ♂ / spec./ det. R. v. d. Weele”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / aktruensis/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” [postpedicel and stylus lost] (ZIN).</p> <p>Additional material examined. RUSSIA. Altai Republic: Same data as holotype (2 ♀, ZIN). These females appear to represent different species and it is uncertain which is conspecific with the male, given the loss of the male postpedicel.</p> <p>Recognition. This species appears very similar to I. sakhalinensis sp. nov. on the basis of male terminalia, but is distinguished from the latter by the distinctly narrow cercus and postgonite, as well as the long apical section of the phallus (Fig. 59).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.1 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle with setae lost. Postvertical setae subequal in length with postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna broken (postpedicel and stylus lost), dark brown; scape subequal in length with globular pedicel, both with short setae. Proboscis partially retracted in head, true length unknown, only apex of palpus visible.</p> <p>Thorax with most setae removed; dark brown in ground-colour, including postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, without apparent vittae; meso-pleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta. Mesonotal setae mostly lost; acr bi-serial; dc uniserial.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and midlegs pale; tarsi brown. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with long posteroventral bristly hairs along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Mid and hind tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing brownish infuscate, darker about veins; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly onethird length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with short black setae. Terminalia (Fig. 59) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with row of long setae, stouter dorsally, horizontal, not upcurved with rounded apex; gonocoxal apodeme short and broad; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than length of ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite short, strongly arched dorsally, narrowed apically into slender projection. Phallic guide very short, emerging from posterior margin of epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; bent apical section paired with toothed, rounded apical margin. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge very narrow medially; produced distally into slightly dorsally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with long, narrow hooked projection medially. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, recurved back between epandrial lamellae, extending to near ventral margin of epandrium; apical well sclerotized with bifid apex; ejaculatory apodeme platelike, rounded, short, not projecting beyond gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus strongly narrow beyond mid-length, nearly subequal to length of epandrium, with broad base, apex rounded, extended well free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of long, slender processes, half length of apical portion of cercus.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Russia. This species is known only from near Aktru Mountain (Altay), Russia (Fig. 81).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Aktru.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF8BFFA34EBCF9B5FC0FB7CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF8DFFA34EBCF9D9FE5DB5DA.text	0E6887D4FF8DFFA34EBCF9D9FE5DB5DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila falcata Sinclair	<div><p>Iteaphila falcata Sinclair</p> <p>(Fig. 80)</p> <p>Iteaphila falcata Sinclair in Sinclair &amp; Shamshev, 2012: 14. Type locality: Cathedral Provincal Park, BC, Canada.</p> <p>Material examined. CANADA. Alberta: Peter Lougheed PP, Sarrail Ck, 9.vii.2012, 50°36′25.7″N 115°7′48.61″W, ex. flowers, BJS (6 ♂, CNC).</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia). Iteaphila falcata is now recorded from two localities in western Canada (Fig. 80).</p> <p>Remarks. This species was originally described from a single specimen with R 4+5 branched (Sinclair &amp; Shamshev 2012). The above series represents a population characterized by an unbranched R 4+5 and was originally considered a new species until the genitalia were more closely studied and compared (Sinclair &amp; Shamshev 2012, fig. 6A) to similar species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF8DFFA34EBCF9D9FE5DB5DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF8CFFA04EBCFF5CFB95B34C.text	0E6887D4FF8CFFA04EBCFF5CFB95B34C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila incus Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila incus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 60, 63)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 207F3EA4-B04D-4731-8FBC-3C053F10F397</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “[KUMAMOTO]/ Haki / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.8/lat 32.533333)">Izumimura</a> [32°32′N 130°48′E]/ April 21, 18[sic][9]80, K. Ohara col.”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / incus/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev[red label]” (KUMF). PARATYPES: JAPAN. Fukuoka: Kohra-san, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.51666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.51666/lat 33.316666)">Kurume</a> [33°19′N 130°31′E], 21.iii.2001, S. Ide (4 ♂, 3 ♀, KUMF). Hokkaido: Otofukegawa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.23334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.23334/lat 43.35)">Nukabira</a> [43°21′N 143°14′E], 14.vi.1967, TS (1 ♂, KUMF). Kumamoto: same data as holotype (1 ♂, KUMF). Nagano: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.10722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.225555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.10722/lat 36.225555)">Higashiutsu-kushigahara</a> [~ 36°13′32″N 138°6′26″E], 2.vi.1976, A. Nakanishi (1 ♂, 9 ♀, KUMF).</p> <p>Additional material examined. JAPAN. Hokkaido: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.83333/lat 43.65)">Sugataminoike</a> [43°39′N 142°50′E], Taisetsuzan, 24.vi.1986, TS (3 ♀, KUMF). Nagano: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.17168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.89639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.17168/lat 35.89639)">Mt. Nyūkasa</a> [35°53′47″N 138°10′18″E], 28.v.1975, Emoto &amp; Nakanishi (1 ♀, HUS); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.51666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.51666/lat 36.766666)">Okushiga-kohgen</a> [36°46′N 138°31′E], 31.v.1975, TS (1 ♀, KUMF). Yamanashi: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.25/lat 35.683334)">Hirogawara</a> [35°41′N 138°15′E], 13.vi.1966, A. Katô (1 ♀, KUMF); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.57&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.86" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.57/lat 35.86)">Kanayama</a> [35.86°N 138.57°E], Kai, 8.v.1964, A. Katô (2 ♀, KUMF).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from the other Japanese species by the holoptic males, dark legs, halteres and abdominal setae. Males have a long cercus and distinct hypoproct process, apex of phallus somewhat flattened and recurved and surstylus projects posteriorly (Fig. 60).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.4–3.9 mm. Male. Head black in ground-colour, with black setation, occiput finely brownish grey pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of thin proclinate setae; anterior ocellars moderately long, posterior ocellars short. Postvertical and postocular setae moderately long, thin; additionally, occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna black; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel broad, nearly 4.0 times longer than wide, almost parallelsided, smoothly tapered at apex; stylus hardly prominent, sensillum-tipped; with segment 9 shorter than wide, apical sensillum slightly longer than segment 9. Proboscis long, projected obliquely; labium slightly longer than head height; palpus black, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax black in ground-colour, with black setation; scutum viewed dorsally dark brown, subshiny, slightly matt; viewed anteriorly brown, with 2 faint paler vittae between acr and dc setae; mesopleuron brown pollinose. Proepisternum with several short hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 (sometimes 2) long and 3–4 short setae. Mesonotal setae prominent; acr short, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial, offset from row anteriorly, mostly nearly as long as acr, 1 ph, 1–2 presut spal (with several short setae), 3–4 npl (with 1–2 additional short setae), 2–3 short psut spal, 1 pal, 5–7 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs almost entirely brownish, knees brownish yellow (less distinct on hind leg). Coxae and trochanters with ordinary bristly hairs. Fore femur with moderately long posteroventral hair-like setae (longer subapically) and similar setae on posterodorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with similar pattern of setation but posteroventral subapical setae stronger and of subequal lengths. Hind femur with long thin anteroventral, anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae. Tibiae with posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 on all legs somewhat flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly infuscate, deeper along anterior margin; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish yellow, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 slightly curved posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically, almost truncate; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein somewhat concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with moderately long brown to black bristly hairs becoming shorter on pregenital segments. Terminalia (Fig. 60) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long and short setae, rounded, slightly upcurved with split, truncate apex; gonocoxal apodeme long and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, prolonged anteriorly, one-half length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite short, broad basally, with pair of slender apical extensions. Phallic guide not extended beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus; apex complex, darkly pigmented, anvil-shaped; cup-like in posterior view. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow medially; produced distally into narrow, slightly curved, horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with tooth-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched well beyond epandrium, bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section somewhat straight, broad and recurved; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, enlarged, rounded, one-half length of gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, nearly one-half length of epandrium; apex narrowly rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short, slender processes, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar triangle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutum subshiny, finely brownish pollinose; mesopleuron more greyish pollinose. Scutellum with 4–5 (usually 4) pairs of setae. Legs, wings and halteres slightly paler in various degrees. Fore and mid femora only with some short posteroventral subapical thin setae. Hind femur with shorter setation. Halter with stem varying in colour, usually, paler than knob. Abdomen with short bristly hairs. Cercus brownish, long, slender.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Japan. This species is widely distributed in Japan (Fig. 63).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin, incus (anvil), in reference to the shape of the postgonites, and it is considered a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Remarks. Males are required to confirm the identification of the females listed in the Additional material examined section, but their locality data were included in the distribution map.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF8CFFA04EBCFF5CFB95B34C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FF8EFFDF4EBCFE59FD09B61C.text	0E6887D4FF8EFFDF4EBCFE59FD09B61C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila miranda Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila miranda sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 61, 71)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F3E3E5AE-D93B-4B40-BD6D-16FC364BE3DE</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ 8km E.Sicamous [50°53′N 118°54′W], B.C. [Canada]/ 1-VI-1992 / A. Borkent CD1418”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / miranda/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: CANADA. Alberta: Banff NP [51.5°N 116.0°W], 14 mi W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.0/lat 51.5)">Banff</a>, 7.vii.1955, GES ex. flowers of Ledum groenlandicum (2 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.22806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.411667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.22806/lat 51.411667)">Lake Louise</a> [51°24′42″N 116°13′41″W], 29.vii.1935, ALM (1 ♂, USNM); Peter Lougheed PP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.13017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.607136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.13017/lat 50.607136)">Sarrail Ck</a>, 9.vii.2012, 50°36′25.7″N 115°7′48.61″W, ex. flowers, BJS (2 ♀, CNC), same data except, CNC197577, CNC197575 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, barcoded, CNC). British Columbia: Cathedral PP, Quiniscoe Lk. [49°02′59″N 120°13′50″W], 7.vii.1986, S.G. Cannings (1 ♂, UBCZ). USA. Colorado: Gunnison Co., Spring Ck Cpgd [38°44′56″N 106°46′00″W], 5 mi N Almont, 5.vi.1992, JFM (1 ♂, CNC); Gunnison Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.86583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.65278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.86583/lat 37.65278)">Spring Ck Cpgd</a>, 10 mi N Almont, 5.vi.1992, JFM (1 ♀, CNC); San Juan Co., E Fork Sig Ck, 10200 ft, 37°39′10″N 107°51′57″W, 18.vi.2017, SEB (2 ♂, CNC).</p> <p>Additional material examined. RUSSIA. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.21&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=64.72" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.21/lat 64.72)">Anadyr River</a>, 64.72°N 175.21°E, 25.vi.–19.vii.2014, A. Barkalov (1 ♂, ZIN). USA. Washington: Mt. Rainier NP, Westside Rd nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.88448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.77905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.88448/lat 46.77905)">Fish Ck</a>, 4.vii. 2013, 880 m, 46°46.743′N 121°53.069′W, BJS (1 ♀, CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by the elongate and dorsally directed surstylus and sickle-shaped phallus (Fig. 61).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.2–4.0 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part, brown posterior to mouthparts. Antenna dark brown; scape subequal in length with globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather narrow, nearly 4 times longer than basal width, gradually tapered, base not expanded; stylus ca subequal in length and width, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 no longer than wide, apical sensillum slightly longer than length of segment 9. Proboscis partially retracted in head, longer than head height, projected obliquely; palpus slender, projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle often slightly paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, without vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; viewed anteriorly densely pruinose; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1–2 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr short, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows narrower than length of acr; dc uniserial (with additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, several presut spal, 5–6 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal, 6–9 pairs of sctl of various lengths.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hairlike setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Mid and hind tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, pigmented, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long pale setae. Terminalia (Fig. 61) concolorous with abdomen, aligned. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded basally, shallowly arched posteriorly; apex bifid, deeply split along posterior face; gonocoxal apodeme short and rounded apically; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, subequal in length to ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite with broad base, bent at near right angle subapically into paired projections. Phallic guide much shorter than phallus, extended to apex of hypandrium and mostly membranous apically, with ragged margin. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge very narrow medially; dorsal margin with row of strong setae, nearly as long as width of epandrium; produced distally into long, dorsally directed surstylus, nearly as long as cercus, strongly sclerotized, arched apically. Phallus projecting upright well beyond epandrium, apex sickle-shaped and well sclerotized, with hooked apex; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, very short, not extending beyond base of epandrium. Cercus long, three-quarters length of epandrium, gradually tapered to long nipple-like apex, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct divided apically into pair of long narrow processes.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Chaetotaxy shorter and darker than male; eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5 pairs of setae. Legs yellowish brown, darker apically. Abdomen pale brown with shorter, less prominent brownish setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Holarctic: Eurasia: Russia (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug); North America: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia), USA (Colorado,? Washington). This species is known primarily from the Rocky and Columbia Mountains with western populations in the Cascade Range of North America (Fig. 71). In addition, it is found from Chukotka mainland of Russia (not plotted).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is after the Latin, mirandus (wonderful, strange), in reference to the uniquely upright and elongate surstylus of this species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FF8EFFDF4EBCFE59FD09B61C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFF1FFDC4EBCFB9CFE27B5FE.text	0E6887D4FFF1FFDC4EBCFB9CFE27B5FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila oedalina (Zetterstedt 1838) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila oedalina (Zetterstedt) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 5, 6, 66, 67, 72, 73)</p> <p>Rhamphomyza oedalina Zetterstedt, 1838: 570. Type locality (by lectotype designation): Juckasjervi (Lapponia Tornensi), Sweden.</p> <p>Rhamphomyza fraternella Zetterstedt, 1838: 570. Type locality (by lectotype designation): Lapponia Tornensis ad Kardis (Boheman), Sweden. Frey, 1913: 34 (synonym).</p> <p>Anthalia nigra Zetterstedt, 1842: 251. Type locality (by lectotype designation): Mullfjället, Jämtland, Sweden. Frey, 1913: 34 (synonym).</p> <p>Anthepiscopus hirsutus Melander, 1928: 106. Type locality: Chehalis, Washington, USA. syn. nov.</p> <p>Type material examined. Rhamphomyza fraternella: LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ labelled: “ R. fraternel/ la ♂. Kardis [white label, in Zetterstedt’s handwriting]”; “ Lectotypus / Rhamphomyza / fraternella/ Z. 1838/ design. 2004/ R. Danielsson &amp; I. Shamshev [red, hand-written]”; “ Empididae, upper specimen, Type no. 3031: 1–3, Zool. Mus. LundSweden” (MZLU). PARALECTOTYPES: “ R. fraternella ♀. Juckasjervi”; “ Lectotypus / Rhamphomyza / fraternella/ Z. 1838/ design. 2004/ R. Danielsson &amp; I. Shamshev [red, hand-written]” (2 ♀ on one pin, MZLU).</p> <p>Anthepiscopus hirsutus: HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “Chehalis Wash/ 19 Mar [19]11”; “ TYPE #/ Anthepiscopus / hirsutus/ Mel. [red label]”; “ALMelander/ Collection/ 1961” (USNM). PARATYPES: USA. Washington: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.96333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.66" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.96333/lat 46.66)">Chelalis</a> [46°39′36″N 122°57′48″W], 19.iii.1911 (1 ♂, 2 ♀, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.316666/lat 47.6)">Seattle</a> [47°36′N 122°19′W], Salix, 18.iii.1901, 24.iii.1902 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM); 13.iii.1896 (1 ♀, USNM).</p> <p>Anthalia nigra: LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ labelled [with blue tag]: “ A. nigra / ♂. mullfjel. [white label, in Zetterstedt’s handwriting]”; “MULLFJELL,/ Jemtland./ 27 28 40.”; “ Lectotypus / Anthalia / nigra Zett. 1842 / design. 2004/ I. Shamshev [red, hand-written]”; “Zool. Mus. Lund Sweden / Empididae / Type No. 3038: 1–3”; “ MZLU/ 00112185 [yellow label]” (MZLU).</p> <p>Rhamphomyza oedalina: LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♀ labelled [upper specimen on pin]:“ R. oedalina / ♀ Juckasj.[=Juckasjervi] [white label, in Zetterstedt’s writting]”; “ Lectotypus / Rhamphomyza / oedalina/ Z. 1838/ design. 2004/ R. Danielsson &amp; I. Shamshev [red, hand-written]”; “ Empididae, upper specimen, Type no. 3030: 1, Zool. Mus. LundSweden” (MZLU).</p> <p>Additional material examined. CANADA. Alberta: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.0/lat 51.5)">Banff</a> [51.5°N 116.0°W], 4455 ft, 26.v.1960, RJP (1 ♂, CNC); Banff, 4455 ft, 26.v.1960, JGC (1 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.9225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.29972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.9225/lat 51.29972)">Mt. Eisenhower</a> [51°17′59″N 115°55′21″W], Banff NP, 13.v.1968, Mosquin &amp; Seaborn (2 ♂, CNC). British Columbia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.509724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.76667/lat 49.509724)">Cranbrook</a> [49°30′35″N 115°46′00″W], 10– 17.v.1922, C.B.D. Garrett (3 ♂, CNC, 1 ♂, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.680016&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.615334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.680016/lat 50.615334)">4 km E Kingfisher</a>, 50°36.920′N 118°40.801′W, 11.v.2010, A. Borkent, ex. Shepherdia flowers, CNC197583, CNC197574 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, barcoded, CNC), same data (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Terrace [54°30′N 128°35′W], 1–7.iv.1933, M.E. Hippisley (3 ♂, 2 ♀, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.1/lat 49.25)">Vancouver</a> [49°15′N 123°6′W], 6– 8.iv.1916 (3 ♂, 5 ♀, USNM). New Brunswick: Kouchibouguac NP [46°50′N 64°58′W], 18.v.1977, J.D. Lafontaine (1 ♂, CNC). Ontario: Guelph, UofG <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.683334/lat 45.416668)">Arboretum</a> [43°32′29″N 80°12′51″W], 28.iv.1992, M. Montes Castillo (1 ♂, DEBG); Marmora [44°29′N 77°41′W], 22–24.iv.1952, ex. willows &amp; Shepherdia canadensis, J.F. McAlpine (2 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Ottawa [45°25′N 75°41′W], 9.v.1925, G.S. Walley (1 ♂, CNC). Quebec: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.32611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.46528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.32611/lat 45.46528)">Mont Rigaud</a> [45°27′55″N 74°19′34″W], Salix flowers nr ck below hilltop, 24.iv.2009, J.H. Skevington &amp; SEB, CNC161426, CNC161427, CNC161428 (2 ♂, 1 ♀, barcoded, CNC); Ste. Anne de Bellevue [45°24′14″N 73°57′09″W], 20.v.1966, W. Boyle (1 ♀, LEM); Ste. Flore, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.76278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.626663" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.76278/lat 46.626663)">Lac Mondor</a> [46°37′36″N 72°45′46″W], 15 and 17.v.1951, ex. willows, E.G. Munroe (2 ♂, CNC). Yukon: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-140.98334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.42389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -140.98334/lat 67.42389)">Rampart House</a> [67°25′26″N 140°59′00″W], 28.v.1951, J.E.H. Martin (1 ♂, CNC). FINLAND. Ks: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.183332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.96667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.183332/lat 65.96667)">Kuusamo</a> [65°58′N 029°11′E], R. Frey (1 ♂, 3 ♀, OUMNH). LkW: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.908333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.908333/lat 67.65)">Kittilä</a> [67°39′N 024°54.5′E], R. Frey, 1325, coll. E. Wahlgren, Anthepiscopus niger Zett. [Frey’s hand-written], det. R. Frey (1 ♀, MZLU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.683332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.958336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.683332/lat 67.958336)">Muonio</a> [67°57.5′N 023°41′E], R. Frey (1 ♀, USNM). RUSSIA. Amurskaya Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.6/lat 51.466667)">Klimoutsy</a> [51°28′N 127°36′E], 40 km W Svobodny, 20.v.1959, Borisova (1 ♀, ZIN); same data except, 23.v.1958, on flowers of Salix brachypoda (1 ♂, ZIN). Irkutskaya Province: 23 km from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.01667/lat 55.933334)">Tayshet</a> to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.01667/lat 55.933334)">Bratsk</a> [~ 55°56′N 98°01′E], 7.vi.1939, Barowsky (1 ♀, ZIN). Krasnoyarskiy Territory: Gudke, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.01667/lat 55.933334)">Glubokoe Lake</a>, 80 km E Norilsk [~ 69°20′N 88°13′E], 8.vii.1967, Gorodkov (1 ♀, ZIN). Murmanskaya Province: basin of Vudyavr Lake [67°37′N 33°40′E], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.61667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.666668/lat 67.61667)">Khibiny Mountains</a>, 11.vi.1931, Fridolin (1 ♂, ZIN). Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Lake Ketalach [71°44′N 128°16′E], 21.vi.1902 [Brussnev] (3 ♂, ZIN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.71666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=62.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.71666/lat 62.016666)">Yakusk</a> [62°01′N 129°43E], 21.vi.1921, L. Bianki (1 ♀, ZIN). St. Petersburg City: Leningrad [59°57′N 30°19′E], Udelnaya, 18.v.1954, Stackelberg (1 ♂, ZIN). SWEDEN. DR (Dalarnas fjälltrakter): alp., Bhm. [= Boheman] (1 ♂, 1 ♀, NHRS); B.S. (= Botnia septentrionalis), Norrbotten, Bhm. [=Boheman] (1 ♂, NHRS); Lp. in. (= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=57.801" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.365/lat 57.801)">Mellersta Lappland</a>), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=57.801" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.365/lat 57.801)">Bhm.</a> [=Boheman] (1 ♂, NHRS); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=57.801" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.365/lat 57.801)">Floda</a> [57.801°N, 12.365°E], Sångtorpet, 1.vi.1971, T. Tjeder (1 ♀, MZLU); Rättvik, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=61.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.5/lat 61.016666)">Tjällassen</a> [61°01′N 15°30′E], 15.v.1977, T. Tjeder (1 ♂, MZLU). JÄ: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.66&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.13" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.66/lat 67.13)">Vällista</a> [63°17′N 13°08′E], 22.vi.1925; O. Ringdahl (1 ♂, 3 ♀, MZLU); U-åker, 27.vi.1922; Undersåker [63°18′55″N 13°15′2″E], O. Ringdahl (2 ♀, MZLU); Vailbo, 27.vi.1935, Undersåker, O. Ringdahl (1 ♀, MZLU). NB: Gällivare [67.130°N 20.66°E], 14.vii.1955, H. Andersson (1 ♀, OUMNH). USA. Alaska: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-150.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=61.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -150.25/lat 61.383335)">Matanuska</a> [61°23′N 150°15′W], 2,10. v.1944, Rotary Tp, J.C. Chamberlin (2 ♂, USNM). Arizona: Coconino Co., Oak Ck Canyon, Cave Springs Cpgd [34°59′44″N 111°44′20″W], 5400 ft, 21 and 22.v.1971, PHA &amp; MA (1 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM). California: Plumas Co., Lassen NF, N Fk Feather R. [40°02′24″N 121°13′12″W], 28.v.1977, DDW (27 ♂, 27 ♀, CAS); Sierra Co., Yuba Pass [39°37′03″N 120°29′20″W], 7.vii.1964, C. Slobodchikoff (1 ♂, CAS); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.87195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.404724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.87195/lat 38.404724)">Tuolumne Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.87195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.404724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.87195/lat 38.404724)">Dardanelles</a> [38°24′17″N 119°52′19″W], 26.vi.1951, A. T. McClay (1 ♂, UCD); Tuolumne Co., Yosemite NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.35833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.879444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.35833/lat 37.879444)">Tuolumne Meadows</a>, 2630 m, 37°52′46″N 119°21′30″W, 14.vi.2003, J.&amp;A. Skevington (1 ♂, CNC). Colorado: Clear Ck Co., Grizzly Gulch Rd, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.806114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.676666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.806114/lat 39.676666)">Clear Ck</a>, 10300 ft, 39°40′36″N 105°48′22″W, 13.vi.2017, MT nr ck, JMC &amp; SEB (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Gunnison Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.74889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.76667/lat 38.74889)">Spring Ck Cpgd</a> [38°44′56″N 106°46′00″W], 5 mi N Almont, 5.vi.1992, JFM (11 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC); Lake Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.474724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.07111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.474724/lat 39.07111)">Lake Ck</a>, 9975 ft, 39°4′16″N 106°28′29″W, 14.vi.2017, JMC (1 ♂, CNC); Mineral Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.72306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.565277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.72306/lat 37.565277)">Park Ck</a>, 8747 ft, 37°33′55″N 106°43′23.01″W, 16.vi.2017, JMC, SEB (1 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.58917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.064167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.58917/lat 40.064167)">Niwot Ridge</a> [40°03′51″N 105°35′21″W], nr Ward, 11300 ft, 28.vi.1961, CHM (1 ♂, CNC); Ouray Co., W Owl Ck Pass, 9050 ft, 38°10′46″N 107°36′2″W, 20.vi.2017, seep along Red 858, SEB (1 ♂, CNC); San Juan Co., E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.86583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.65278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.86583/lat 37.65278)">Fk Sig Ck</a>, 10200 ft, 37°39′10″N 107°51′57″W, 18.vi.2017, JMC (1 ♂, CNC); Summit Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.11806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.55861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.11806/lat 39.55861)">Frisco</a>, N Tenmile Ck, 9248 ft, 39°33′31″N 106°7′5″W, 13–22.vi.2017, MT nr ck, JMC &amp; SEB (1 ♂, CNC). Michigan: Roscommon Co. [44°20′N 84°37′W], 9.v.1936, R. R. Dreisbach (1 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM). New Mexico: Lincoln Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.789444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.39917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.789444/lat 33.39917)">6 mi W Alto</a>, 33°23′57″N 105°47′22″W, 10250 ft, 21–24.vi.1995, MT along stream, S.D. Gaimari (1 ♂, CNC); Lincoln Co., 9.7 km W Alto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.78333/lat 33.383335)">Lincoln</a> NF, 33°23′N 105°47′W, 3120 m, 21–24.vi.1995, MT along stream, S.D. Gaimari (2 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC).</p> <p>Possible additional material. CANADA. Ontario: Sandy <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.88088&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.66113" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.88088/lat 44.66113)">Lake</a> Road N Havelock, 44.66113°N 77.88088°W, 20.vi.2011, J. Skevington (1 ♀, CNC). Quebec: Aylmer, 13.v.1920, J. McDunnough (1 ♀, CNC); Hull, 20.v.1923, C.H. Curran (1 ♀, CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by biserial acrostichals, distinctively curved phallus, elongate and broad cerci (Fig. 67), slightly produced cell dm and elongate and broad postpedicel.</p> <p>Redescription. Wing length 2.8–3.3 mm. Male (Figs 5, 6). Head black in ground-colour, black setation, occiput finely brownish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, brownish grey pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 moderately long thin proclinate setae. Postvertical and postocular setae rather long, thin; additionally, occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part.Antenna black; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather broad at base, nearly 3.5 times longer than wide, smoothly tapered; stylus very short, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, about as long as wide, apical sensillum nearly as long as segment 9. Proboscis long, projected oblique; labium longer than head height; palpus narrow, projected parallel to labrum, two-thirds length of labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle often paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally, subshiny, finely brown pruinose, without vittae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, without vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1–2 long and 2–4 short setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr moderately long, biserial, arranged in 2 closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1–2 ph, 1–2 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with numerous additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 6–9 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, mostly brownish; knees and tibiae of all legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing uniformly finely infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched or branched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, slightly produced apically to almost truncate; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein straight to slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter brown, base somewhat paler.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny to finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 67) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with numerous long setae, rounded, upcurved apically, divided into pair of rounded projections (Fig. 66); gonocoxal apodeme broad and long; inner apodeme narrow and flattened, half length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite short, with broad base, arched posteriorly, produced into pair of short lobes. Phallic guide not extended beyond epandrium, enclosed in apex of hypandrium, apex round and expanded. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow, weakly produced distally into horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with hook-like projection medially. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, straight preapically, apically strongly recurved with broad tip; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, much shorter than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, broad, one-half length of epandrium; apex broadly rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short, slender processes, projecting beyond cercus.</p> <p>Female [quite variable in some characters]. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar triangle, usually shiny but sometimes finely greyish pruinose, with quite long marginal setulae. Scutellum with 4–6 pairs of setae. Legs usually varying from yellow to dusky yellow but sometimes almost entirely (including coxae) darkened leaving only knees distinctly yellow; fore and mid femora with some short, hardly prominent posteroventral subapical setae. Halter varying from yellow to dusky yellow or even (rarely) darker. Abdomen with shorter setation. Cercus brownish, long, slender.</p> <p>Distribution. Holarctic: Eurasia: Finland, Russia (Republic of Sakha, Amurskaya, Irkutskaya, Leningradskaya and Murmanskaya Provinces, Krasnoyarskiy Territory), Sweden; North America: Canada (Albert, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec), USA (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Michigan, New Mexico).In Eurasia, this species is known from Finland, Sweden and Russia (Fig. 72). In North America, I. oedalina is uncommonly collected in the East, whereas in the West this species is more widespread and common (Fig. 73).</p> <p>Remarks. There were numerous series of specimens of this species from western North America (e.g., Rocky Mtns) with R 4+5 branched.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFF1FFDC4EBCFB9CFE27B5FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFF5FFDA4EBCFF5CFB7CB5BC.text	0E6887D4FFF5FFDA4EBCFF5CFB7CB5BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila polygyna (Melander) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila polygyna (Melander) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 68, 74)</p> <p>Anthepiscopus polygynus Melander, 1928: 105. Type locality: Deer Park, Washington, USA.</p> <p>Anthepiscopus flavicoxa Melander, 1928: 107. Type locality: Kettle Falls, Washington, USA. syn. nov.</p> <p>Type material examined. Anthepiscopus flavicoxa: HOLOTYPE ♀, labelled: “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.05972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.60583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.05972/lat 48.60583)">Kettle Falls</a> [48°36′21″N 118°3′35″W],/ 8 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.05972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.60583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.05972/lat 48.60583)">May’</a> [19]12 Wash ”; “ TYPE / Anthepiscopus / flavicoxa/ Mel. [red label]”; “ALMelander/ Collection / 1961” (USNM).</p> <p>Anthepiscopus polygynus: LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ labelled: “Deer Park [47°57′25″N 117°28′13″W],/ 5.v.[19]12Wash”, “ TYPE ♂ / Anthepiscopus / polygynus/ Mel. [red label]”; “ALMelander/ Collection/ 1961”; Anthepiscopus / polygynus/ ♂ Mel.”; “ LECTOTYPE / Anthepiscopus / polygynus Melander / des. B.J. Sinclair 2020 [red label]” (USNM). PARALECTOTYPES: Same data as holotype (6 ♀, USNM).</p> <p>Notes on synonymy. Melander (1928) distinguished A. flavicoxa and A. polygynus on the basis of female leg colouration. The coxae and femora are yellowish in the former species and females in the type series of polygynus are all dark legged. A short series from Salmon Arm (Canada, BC), which included males matching polygynus and yellow-legged females similar to flavicoxa, clustered together in the barcode analysis (Fig. 82). Given this additional evidence, these two species are considered conspecific and it can be assumed that female leg colouration in this species is variable.</p> <p>Additional material examined. CANADA. Alberta: Banff NP, Mt. Eisenhower [51°17′59″N 115°55′21″W], 28.v.1968, Mosquin &amp; Seaborn (1 ♂, CNC); Kananaskis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.03555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.02778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.03555/lat 51.02778)">For. Exp. Stn.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.03555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.02778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.03555/lat 51.02778)">Seebe</a> [51°01′40″N 115°02′08″W], 17.vi.1968, H.J. Teskey (1 ♂, CNC). British Columbia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.509724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.76667/lat 49.509724)">Clinton</a> [51°05′25″N 121°35′28″W], 19.vi.1938, G.S. Walley (1 ♀, CNC); Cowichan Lk. [48°49′N 124°02′W], 19.vi.1964, J.A. Chapman (1 ♂, CNC); Cranbrook [49°30′35″N 115°46′00″W], 5–17.v.1922, C.B.D. Garrett (1 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM); same data except, 14.iv, 14.v. (1 ♂, 2 ♀, RBCM); Glacier NP, Rogers Pass [51°16′35″N 117°30′25″W], 30.vi.1968, W.W. Wirth (4 ♂, 2 ♀, USNM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.77611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.72278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.77611/lat 54.72278)">Keremeos</a> [49°12′9″N 119°49′46″W], 18.vi.1923, C.B. Garrett (1 ♀, CNC); Kitsumkalum Lk. [54°43′22″N 128°46′34″W], 20 mi N Terrace, 30.v.1960, JGC (1 ♂, CNC); Queen Charlotte Islands, Laskeek Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-132.13805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.01" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -132.13805/lat 54.01)">South Low Island</a>, 17.v.2011, 52°52′39″N 131°31′07″W, S. Allambert (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RBCM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-132.13805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.01" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -132.13805/lat 54.01)">Massett</a> [54°00′36″N 132°08′17″W], 26.iv.1952, M.E. Clark (2 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-132.13805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.01" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -132.13805/lat 54.01)">Mt. Revelstoke</a> NP [51°02′48″N 118°08′33″W], 3–25.vii.1952, GJS (6 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.142494&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.046665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.142494/lat 51.046665)">Mt. Revelstoke</a> NP, Eva Lk. [51°04′52″N 118°06′35″W] trail, 6000 ft, 25.vii.1952, 7.viii.1952, GJS (1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.272224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.702225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.272224/lat 50.702225)">Salmon Arm</a> [50°42′8″N 119°16′20″W], 2.v.1991, AB (2 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same data except, CNC161449, CNC161450 (2 ♀, barcoded, CNC); same data except, 31.iii.1992 (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, 4.v.1992 (4 ♀, CNC); 3 km E Salmon Arm, 4.v.1992, AB, CNC161447, CNC161448 (2 ♂, barcoded, CNC); 6 km E Salmon Arm, 30.iv.1992, AB (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, CNC161451 (1 ♂, barcoded, CNC); 8 km E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.9/lat 50.883335)">Sicamous</a> [50°53′N 118°54′W], 1.vi.1992, AB (6 ♀, CNC); 24 km NE Sicamous, 19.v.1991, AB (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.27167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.27167/lat 50.266666)">Vernon</a> [50°16′00″N 119°16′18″W], Lasheen Estates, 30.vi.1979, R. A. Cannings (1 ♀, RBCM). Yukon: Morley R Terr. Cpgd, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-132.13727&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=60.00703" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -132.13727/lat 60.00703)">Alaska Hwy</a> DC-777 [60.00703°N 132.13727°W], 1.vii.1978, P.H. Arnaud (1 ♀, UNSM). USA. Alaska: mi 244 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-145.85278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=63.707222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -145.85278/lat 63.707222)">Richardson Hwy</a> [63°42′26″N 145°51′10″W], 2000 ft, 24.vi.1951, W. R. M. Mason (1 ♂, USNM). Colorado: Clear Ck Co., Grizzly Gulch Rd, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.806114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.676666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.806114/lat 39.676666)">Clear Ck</a>, 10300 ft, 39°40′36″N 105°48′22″W, MT, 13.vi.2017, JMC &amp; SEB (2 ♀, CNC); Gunnison Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.74889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.76667/lat 38.74889)">Spring Ck Cpgd</a> [38°44′56″N 106°46′00″W], 5 mi N Almont, 5.vi.1992, JFM (20 ♂, 16 ♀, CNC); Mineral Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.72305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.565277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.72305/lat 37.565277)">Park Ck</a>, 8747 ft, 37°33′55″N 106°43′23″W, 16.vi.2017, SEB (4 ♂, 6 ♀, CNC); Rio Grande Co., 10000 ft, Beaver Ck [37.60526° -106.67622°], 21.vi.1972, MT, W.W. Wirth (1 ♀, USNM); Saguache Co., Marshall Ck, 7 mi E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.32472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.359997" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.32472/lat 38.359997)">Sargents</a>, 9075 ft, 38°21′36″N 106°19′29″W, 15.vi.2017, JMC (1 ♂, CNC); S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.634995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.67361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.634995/lat 37.67361)">Fk Rio Grande</a> [37°40′25″N 106°38′06″W], 18–19.vi.1918, 9250 ft (1 ♀, AMNH). Idaho: Latah Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.73/lat 46.917)">Harvard</a> [46.917°N 116.73°W], ex. Salix, 14.v.1962, W.F. Barr (1 ♀, WFBM); Latah Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.47&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.800556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.47/lat 46.800556)">3 mi S Helmer</a> [46°48′02″N 116°28′12″W], Meadow Ck, 2800 ft, ex. Lomatium orogenioides, 20.v.1975, N.E. Woodley (1 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM); same data except, 17.v.1975, WJT (2 ♂, OUMNH). Montana: Gallatin Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.92972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.619442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.92972/lat 45.619442)">Bear Canyon</a> [45°37′10″N 110°55′47″W], 6 mi SE Bozeman, 5.vi.1999, J.B. Runyon &amp; R. L. Hurley (1 ♂, MTEC); Glacier Pk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.78694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.65528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.78694/lat 48.65528)">Avalanche Lk.</a> [48°39′19″N 113°47′13″W], 14.vii.1935, ALM (1 ♀, USNM). North Carolina: Swain Co., Great Smoky Mtns NP, ATBI Plot: Andrews Bald, MT 12, 35°32′20″N 83°29′39″S, 10–24.v.2001, I. Stocks, M. McCord, G. Middleton (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC). Oregon: Crook Co., Ochoco NF, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.36806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.365555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.36806/lat 44.365555)">Kyle Ck</a>, 44°21′56″N 120°22′5″W, 19.iv.–12.vii.2017, MT065, S. Fitzgerald (1 ♂, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.90667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.3225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.90667/lat 45.3225)">Mt. Hood</a> [45°19′21″N 121°54′24″W], 26.vi.1935, 5000 ft, ALM (1 ♂, USNM). Washington: Mt Rainier NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.74567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.76955" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.74567/lat 46.76955)">Reflection Lk.</a>, 46°46.173′N 121°44.740′W, 1480 m, 3.vii.2013, BJS (3 ♀, CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished by biserial acrostichals, distinctively curved phallus, elongate and broad cerci (Fig. 68) and apically truncate cell dm.</p> <p>Redescription. Wing length 2.6–2.9 mm. Male. Head black in ground-colour, black setation, occiput finely brownish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, brownish grey pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 moderately long thin proclinate setae. Postvertical and postocular setae rather long, thin; additionally, occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna black; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather broad at base, nearly 4 times longer than wide, smoothly tapered; stylus very short, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, about as long as wide, apical sensillum nearly as long as segment 9. Proboscis long, projected oblique; labium longer than head height; palpus narrow, projected parallel to labrum, two-thirds length of labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally subshiny, finely brown pruinose, without vittae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, without vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long and several short setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr moderately long, biserial, arranged in 2 closely spaced irregular rows, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows subequal to length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1–2 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with several additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 6–7 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, mostly brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hind legs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing uniformly, finely infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched or branched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly onefourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny to finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 68) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with numerous long setae, rounded, upcurved apically, apex narrow and truncate; gonocoxal apodeme broad and short; inner apodeme narrow and flattened, one-third length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite long, arched posteriorly, produced into pair of short lobes enclosing mid-length lobe of phallus. Phallic guide not extended beyond epandrium, apex round, expanded, with sculptured surface. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; weakly produced distally into horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with hook-like projection posteriorly; bacilliform sclerite with spine-like medially directed process at midlength. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, with short, mid-length anterior lobe, apically strongly recurved to left with sharp tip; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, much shorter than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, broad, two-thirds length of epandrium; apex broadly rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of long, slender processes, projecting beyond cercus.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar triangle, subshiny with fine greyish pruinescence, with quite long marginal setulae. Scutellum with 8 pairs of setae. Legs (including coxae) usually varying from yellow to dusky yellow to darkened leaving only knees distinctly yellow; fore and mid femora with some short, hardly prominent posteroventral subapical setae. Halter varying from yellow to brown. Posterior margin of thorax and base of abdomen and basal sternite yellow to dark; abdominal setation shorter. Cercus brownish, long, slender.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon), USA (Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington). This species is rather rare in eastern North America, known from a single locality in the southern Appalachians and is more widespread in western North America (Fig. 74).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFF5FFDA4EBCFF5CFB7CB5BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFF7FFD74EBCF932FF6CB384.text	0E6887D4FFF7FFD74EBCF932FF6CB384.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila recurvata Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila recurvata sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 69, 79)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EAE87413-4BAB-4848-B4CE-4AAB822DE6D1</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.16583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.636948" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.16583/lat 42.636948)">Summit</a> / Mt. Greylock [42°38′13″N 73°09′57″W]/ Mass. 21.v.[19]64/ J.G. Chillcott ”; “ex. Ribes ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / recurvata/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (CNC). PARATYPES: CANADA. Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Highlands NP [46°44′13″N 60°39′04″W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.65111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.736946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.65111/lat 46.736946)">North Mt.</a> bog, 400 m, 29–30.v.1984, B.E. Cooper (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same data except, Pleasant Bay [46°49′20″N 60°48′01″W], 8.vi.1984 (1 ♀, CNC); same data except, Mackenzie Mtn. [46°48′57″N 60°49′02″W], 9.vi.1984 (1 ♀, CNC). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.5/lat 45.4)">Ontario</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.5/lat 45.4)">Algonquin</a> PPk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.5/lat 45.4)">Swan Lake</a> [45°29′43″N 78°42′32″W], 13–15.v.1990, J.E. O’Hara (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.5/lat 45.4)">Mer Bleue</a> [45°24′N 75°30′W], 5 km E Ottawa, 5.vi.1966, MT, D.D. Munroe (1 ♂, CNC). USA. New York: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.89956&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.39726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.89956/lat 44.39726)">Whiteface Mountain</a>, 44.397260°N 73.899556°W, 23.v.2010, J. R. Skevington, 21277, 21276 (2 ♂, barcoded, CNC). North Carolina: Swain Co., Great Smoky Mtns NP, ATBI Plot: Andrews Bald, MT 12, 35°32′20″N 83°29′39″W, 10– 24.v.2001, I. Stocks, M. McCord, G. Middleton (3 ♂, CNC); same data except, 24.iv.–10.v.2001 (1 ♂, CNC). Pennsylvania: Sullivan Co., Wyoming SF, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.720276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.510834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.720276/lat 41.510834)">8 km NW Laporte</a> [41°30′39″N 76°43′13″W], 6.v.1987, JMC (1 ♂, CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from other eastern North American species by a recurved apex of the phallus, prolonged and apically narrowed epandrium and heavily sclerotized, hooked phallic guide (Fig. 69).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 2.4–3.0 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae longer than short postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel broad, nearly 3 times longer than basal width, smoothly tapered; stylus short length slightly shorter than width (basal segment not visible), sensillum-tipped, sensillum longer than stylus. Proboscis elongate, projected obliquely; labium subequal to longer than head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, slender, expanded apically, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle sometimes paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, without vittae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr short, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5–6 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hairlike setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 somewhat flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wings distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) more than one-third to one-quarter length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP ending well short of wing margin as faint line. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 69) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, upcurved apically with tapered narrow, divided apex; gonocoxal apodeme long and broad; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite very broad, short and arched. Phallic guide extended well beyond epandrium, parallel with phallus and arched into hooked, heavily sclerotized apex. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrow; produced distally into slender, elongate, horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with finger-like projection apically. Phallus slender, arched well beyond epandrium, expanded and recurved to the right side; apical section heavily sclerotized; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, shorter than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus elongate, subtriangular, more than one-half length of epandrium; apex narrowed and rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short, slender processes, slightly projecting beyond cercus.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5–6 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, usually paler than male, with reduced chaetotaxy. Abdomen somewhat paler, especially ventrally, with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Ontario, Nova Scotia), USA (Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania). This is an eastern North American species, ranging from Cape Breton to North Carolina (Fig. 79).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the Latin curvatus (bend, bow), in reference to the apex of the phallus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFF7FFD74EBCF932FF6CB384	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFF9FFD64EBCFE11FB9CB3DC.text	0E6887D4FFF9FFD64EBCFE11FB9CB3DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila sakhalinensis Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila sakhalinensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 70, 81)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7430A097-DAD8-47CA-B724-7709AA8107AD</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled [printed in Cyrillic, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.73334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.73334/lat 46.95)">Russian</a>]: [Russia] “Yuzhn. [=Yuzhno] Sakhalinsk [46°57′N 142°44′E],/ o-v [=island] Sakhalin / Violovich”; “na [=on] Caltha/ fasculosa/ 20.v.[1]956 [handwritten]”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / sakhalinensis/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (ZIN).</p> <p>Recognition. This species appears very similar to I. aktruensis sp. nov. on the basis of male terminalia, but is distinguished from the latter by a broader cercus and postgonite and shorter apical section of the phallus (Fig. 70).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 3.2 mm. Male. Head dark brown in ground-colour, with pale brown to black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal in length with postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape short, slightly shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel broad, more than 4 times longer than basal width, base little expanded, only slightly tapered apically; stylus apparently very short, shorter than width, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, shorter than width, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis partially retracted in head, true length unknown, only apex of palpus visible.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour, including postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, without vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pruinose. Proepisternum with several long setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr very short, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, subequal in length with acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 2–3 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 6 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brown. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Fore tibia with row of slightly prominent thin posterodorsal setae. Mid femur with long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Mid and hind tibiae without prominent setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with short black setae. Terminalia (Fig. 70) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with row of long setae, stouter dorsally, rounded, upcurved apically with rounded, bare apex; gonocoxal apodeme short and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite short, strongly arched anteriorly, broad with slender, apical extension. Phallic guide short, confined to near apex of hypandrium; apex strongly recurved, divided into pair of lobes; apical lobes well sclerotized. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge very narrow medially; produced distally into broad horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with long, narrow hooked projection medially. Phallus slender, arched beyond epandrium, recurved back between epandrial lamellae; apical well sclerotized, with bifid apex; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, short, not projecting beyond gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus gradually tapered, three-quarters length of epandrium, broad, with broad base, apex rounded, extended well free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of relatively long, slender processes.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Russia (Sakhalinskaya Province). This species is known only from Sakhalin Island, Russia (Fig. 81).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Sakhalin Island.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFF9FFD64EBCFE11FB9CB3DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFF8FFD44EBCFDE9FB7AB150.text	0E6887D4FFF8FFD44EBCFDE9FB7AB150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila zontaki (Nowicki) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila zontaki (Nowicki) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 34, 75, 76)</p> <p>Microphorus zontaki Nowicki, 1871: 73. Type locality: “Tatra” [= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.133333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.133333/lat 49.166668)">Tatra Mts</a>, 49°10′N 20°08′E].</p> <p>Microphorus zontaki: Loew, 1871: 249 (redescription); Bezzi, 1903: 258 [catalogue]; Kertész, 1909: 103 [catalogue]. Anthepiscopus zontaki: Melander, 1928: 108 [catalogue]; Engel, 1941: 201 [redescription, German translation].</p> <p>Type material. The type specimens could not be located (J. Wajtusiak pers. comm. 2006).</p> <p>Additional material examined. CZECH REPUBLIC. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.418056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.016388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.418056/lat 49.016388)">Šumava Mts.</a>, 1100 m, Rokytecká slat’., peat bog, 49°00′59″N 13°25′05″E, MT, 18.v.–16.vi.1999, Barták &amp; Kubík (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CULSP); Krkonoše, Pančava, MT, dwarf pine + peat bog 1300 m, 50°46′15.8″N 15°32′19.0″E, 10–24.vi.2005, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.5419445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.768612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.5419445/lat 50.768612)">Vaněk</a> (1 ♀, CULSP); Krkonoše, Labská and Pančavská louka, 1340 m, 50°46′07″N 15°32′31″E, 16–17.vi.2005, M. Barták (1 ♀, CULSP); Šumava, Malá Niva, spruce forest, 750 m, MT, 48°54′47″N 13°49′08″E, 29.iv.–19.v.1999, Barták (1 ♀, CULSP).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is recognized by dark legs and halteres, yellow phallus with expanded hooked apex and dorsally projecting hook-shaped surstylus (Fig. 75).</p> <p>Redescription. Wing length 3.4–3.7 mm. Male. Head black in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput densely brownish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged, border between larger and smaller ommatidia distinct. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, brownish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of subequally moderately long hair-like setae. Postvertical and postocular setae moderately long, thin; additionally, occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna brown; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel rather narrow, 4.0– 4.5 times longer than wide, smoothly tapered; stylus very short, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, nearly as long as wide, apical sensillum longer than stylus. Proboscis long, projected obliquely; labium nearly as long as head is high; palpus projected, long, somewhat expanded apically, parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax black in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle often paler; scutum viewed dorsally entirely black brown, slightly matt, with 2 indistinct paler vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral sete; viewed anteriorly velvety brown, with 2 indistinct paler vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1–2 long thin and several short setae. Mesonotal setae hardly prominent, varying in number and position; acr moderately long, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between paired rows much shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, mostly subequal to acr, 2–3 prescutellar pairs of dc longer; 1 presut spal (with several additional setulae), 4–5 npl (with 2 additional shorter setae), several psut spal of different lengths, 1 long and 1 short pal, 6 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs brownish yellow. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and moderately long hair-like setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly hairs along entire length (somewhat longer and stronger on apical half), covered with moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with somewhat prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 on all legs somewhat flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing uniformly brown infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brown, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; vein R 2+3 straight in apical part; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically, almost truncate; base of M 2 (crossvein) nearly one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-cu crossvein straight. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending just short of wing margin. Halter entirely brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish pollinose (velvety brown viewed posteriorly), covered with moderately long bristly hairs. Terminalia (Fig. 75) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with numerous long setae, rounded, upcurved apically, apex with pair of rounded lobes; gonocoxal apodeme narrow and short; inner apodeme narrow and flattened, one-half length of gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite broad at base, arched, produced into pair of slender lobes. Phallic guide not extended beyond epandrium, apex enclosed in apex of hypandrium. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge narrowed medially; produced distally into shiny, dorsally projecting, hook-shaped surstylus; apex of surstylus projecting posteriorly. Phallus yellow, arched beyond epandrium, broadly expanded apically (Fig. 76), bent nearly at right angles subapically; apical section broad, curved, with expanded membranous hook-like extension; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, shorter than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, narrow, two-thirds length of epandrium; apex rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of long, slender processes, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum with 4–5 pairs of setae. Fore and mid legs almost lacking prominent setation, femora with some short posteroventral subapical bristly hairs. Abdomen brownish yellow, subshiny, finely greyish pollinose; covered with short setulae somewhat longer posteriorly. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with minute setulae.</p> <p>Distribution. Palaearctic: Czech Republic. This species was described from the Tatra Mountains and specimens have been confirmed from Czech Republic (Fig. 74).</p> <p>Remarks. Although the type material was not found, species identification was confirmed through the description and illustration of Engel (1941: 204, fig. 111e, labelled A. ribesii) (see also under I. ribesii). Engel used Loew’s description (Loew 1871), to place Microphorus zontaki into Anthepiscopus following Melander (1928). However, Loew did not indicate which material he studied. Engel received from E.M. Hering (Berlin-Dahlem) four males found in Loew’s collection.</p> <p>The base of the surstylus, with a deep cleft is similar in both I. zontaki and I. miranda sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFF8FFD44EBCFDE9FB7AB150	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFFAFFD44EBCFC65FF6CB638.text	0E6887D4FFFAFFD44EBCFC65FF6CB638.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila stentor (Melander) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila stentor species group</p> <p>This species group is defined on basis of the funnel-shaped phallus. This group includes only the following two species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFFAFFD44EBCFC65FF6CB638	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFFAFFD34EBCFB4DFA9CB73C.text	0E6887D4FFFAFFD34EBCFB4DFA9CB73C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila parastentor Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila parastentor sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 9, 77, 80)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C3D30952-BA5D-4364-B3E1-8577324A3EA5</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “KokaneeMtn [49°50′N 117°00′W]/ 11Aug [19]03 BC/ Altitude 8000 ft / RPCurrie/ Collector”; “ALMelander/ Collection/ 1961”; “ HOLOTYPE / Iteaphila / parastentor/ Sinclair &amp; Shamshev [red label]” (USNM). PARATYPES: CANADA. British Columbia: same data as holotype (1 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM); 37 km W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-125.787224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.534164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -125.787224/lat 52.534164)">Anahim Lake</a> [52°32′03″N 125°47′14″W], 6.vii.1992, A. Borkent (1 ♂, CNC).</p> <p>Recognition. This species is immediately distinguished from all other species of Iteaphila by the funnel-shaped apex of the phallus (Fig. 77).</p> <p>Description. Wing length 2.2–2.4 mm. Male (Fig. 9). Head dark brown in ground-colour, with black setation, occiput thinly to densely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long hair-like setae. Postvertical setae subequal to postocular setae, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar setae in lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape shorter than globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather broad, nearly 2.5 times longer than basal width, base expanded and smoothly tapered; stylus ca 2–3 times longer than wide, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, 2 times longer than wide, apical sensillum about half as long as segment 9. Proboscis medium-length, projected obliquely; labium subequal to head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, apex expanded, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark brown in ground-colour with posterior part of postpronotal lobe and postalar tubercle weakly paler, with brown to black setation; scutum viewed dorsally entirely velvety brown, slightly matt, without vittae; viewed anteriorly densely brown pruinose, with 2 indistinct pale pruinescent vittae; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with a few hair-like setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long thin and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae distinct, thin; acr short, biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression, distance between rows shorter than length of acr; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, slightly longer than acr, 2–3 distinct prescutellar dc; 1 ph, 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 4 npl (with a few additional shorter setae), several psut spal setulae, 1 pal and several short setulae, 5–6 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, almost entirely brownish; knees of fore and mid legs slightly paler, tarsi somewhat darker. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified hair-like setae. Fore femur with row of short anteroventral hair-like setae and somewhat longer setae on posteroventral, dorsal and posterior faces. Mid femur with moderately long posteroventral bristly setae along entire length, bearing some moderately long setae on dorsal and posterior faces. Hind femur with long anteroventral and dorsal setae along whole length. Tibiae with prominent posterodorsal setae. Tarsomere 1 of mid and hindlegs with pair of rows of stiff ventral setae; tarsomere 5 not flattened on all legs; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 often slightly bowed posterior to pterostigma; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, truncate apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) less than one-fourth length of dm-m, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin, very faint. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen brown, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, covered with long brownish setae. Terminalia (Fig. 77) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with numerous short setae, rounded, not upcurved, dorsoapical margin with row of teeth-like projections; enclosing phallic guide apically in sheath; gonocoxal apodeme short and slender; inner apodeme expanded and flattened, shorter than gonocoxal apodeme; postgonite very long, arched posteriorly well beyond epandrium, expanded laterally at apex, acting as phallic brace. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge very narrow; produced distally into slender horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with hook-like projection arching outwards. Phallus slender basally, arched beyond epandrium, greatly expanded apically, funnel-shaped, heavily sclerotized and membranous cap; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, slightly longer than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus long, digitiform, two-thirds length of epandrium; apex narrow and rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short, slender processes, projecting beyond epandrium.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows:Eyes dichoptic; ommatidia equally small.Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar tubercle, subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with marginal setulae. Scutellum usually with 5 pairs of setae. Legs, including coxae, dark with reduced chaetotaxy. Abdomen subshiny, concolourous with thorax, with shorter, less prominent setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, covered with dark setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (British Columbia). This species is currently known from two localities in southern British Columbia (Fig. 80).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after its very close similarity with I. stentor.</p> <p>Remarks. This species and I. stentor have a greatly expanded or funnel-like apex of the phallus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFFAFFD34EBCFB4DFA9CB73C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFFDFFD14EBCFABEFE41B61C.text	0E6887D4FFFDFFD14EBCFABEFE41B61C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila stentor (Melander) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila stentor (Melander) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 78, 80)</p> <p>Euthyneura stentor Melander, 1902: 348. Type locality: Cloudcroft, New Mexico, USA.</p> <p>Anthepiscopus stentor: Melander, 1928: 108 (male terminalia).</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “Cloudcroft [32°57′17″N 105°44′26″W]/ v.27.[19]02. N.M [H.L. Viereck, leg.]”; “ TYPE No./ -97- [red label]”; “ Euthyneura / stentor/ sp.n.” [dissected] (ANSP).</p> <p>Recognition. Males of this species are immediately identified by the symmetrical cup-like apex of the phallus (Fig. 78).</p> <p>Redescription. Wing length 2.7 mm. Male. Head black in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput finely greyish pollinose. Eyes holoptic; upper ommatidia somewhat enlarged, border between larger and smaller ommatidia indistinct. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, greyish pollinose. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of long bristly hairs. Postvertical and postocular setae moderately long, thin; occiput covered with numerous similar bristly hairs in lower part. Antenna black; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel with broad base, nearly 2.5 times longer than wide; stylus short, with segment 9 tubular, 2X as long as wide, sensillum-tipped, subequal in length to width of segment 9. Proboscis moderately long, shorter than height of head; palpus somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax dark in ground-colour, with brown to black setation [scutum and prescutellar depression obscured by pin]; mesopleuron and sternopleuron lacking shining spots, finely greyish pollinose. Proepisternum with a few setulae. Postpronotal lobe with 2 moderately long and several shorter setae. Mesonotal setae prominent; acr short, biserial [prescutellar depression obscured by pin]; dc uniserial, offset from row anteriorly, mostly subequal to acr; several presut spal, 3 npl (with several additional shorter setae), 1 long psut spal, 1 pal and 5 pairs of sctl; some additional setulae present on supra-alar face.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, pale. Coxae and trochanters with ordinary hair-like setae. Fore femur with several posteroventral subapical short bristly hairs. All tibiae lacking prominent setae (except subapicals). Mid femur with several posteroventral subapical, short, spine-like setae. Hind femur with rows of moderately long anteroventral (shorter basally), anterodorsal and posterodorsal bristly hairs along whole length. Tarsi of all legs unmodified.</p> <p>Wings distinctly uniformly brownish infuscate; no seta at wing base; pterostigma distinct brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of vein R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 straight in apical part; radial fork lacking; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically, almost truncate; m-m crossvein short, M branches widely separated; dm-cu crossvein straight, nearly as long as CuA. Apex of cell cua slightly round; CuA+CuP long, ending short of wing margin. Halter brown.</p> <p>Abdomen largely brownish, subshiny, brownish pollinose, covered with moderately long fine setae. Terminalia (Fig. 78) concolorous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae, rounded, with rig-like dorsoapical extension; gonocoxal apodeme long and slender; inner apodeme unknown; postgonite elongate, arched, produced into apical lobe emerging around edge of epandrium. Phallic guide extended beyond epandrium, divergent apically from phallus, projecting obliquely with apical section clothed in teeth-like projections; apex strongly tapered. Epandrium not inflated laterally; dorsal bridge broad; produced distally into slender horizontally projecting surstylus; apex of surstylus with hook-like projection, curved medially. Phallus strongly arched beyond epandrium, strongly expanded subapically in cup-like apex; ejaculatory apodeme plate-like, rounded, shorter than gonocoxal apodeme. Cercus very short, subtriangular, one-third length of epandrium; apex broadly rounded, extended free from epandrium; hypoproct produced into pair of short processes, only slightly projecting.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA (New Mexico). This species is only known from the type locality in New Mexico (Fig. 80).</p> <p>Remarks. Apart from the holotype collected more than 100 years ago, no further specimens of this species are known.</p> <p>Unplaced to species group</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFFDFFD14EBCFABEFE41B61C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFFFFFD04EBCFBF5FBACB73C.text	0E6887D4FFFFFFD04EBCFBF5FBACB73C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila caelebs (Becker) Sinclair & Shamshev 2021	<div><p>Iteaphila caelebs (Becker) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 33)</p> <p>Anthepiscopus caelebs Becker, 1891: 283. Type localities: “Bozen (Süd-Tirol)” [= Bolzano, Italy], “Admont (Obersteier)” (Austria) [Rolle-Pass, Italy].</p> <p>Type material examined. SYNTYPES. Rolle-Pass [46°17′47″N 11°47′13″E], 20/6 90 25588, SYNTYPUS [red] (1 ♀, ZMHB); Rolle-Pass, 20/6 90 25688, SYNTYPUS [red] (7 ♀, ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material together with syntype series. Mörsil [63°19′N 13°38′E], 18/6, 42714, Anthepiscopus caelebs Beck. [Becker’s handwriting] (2 ♀, mounted on one plate, ZMHB).</p> <p>Possible additional material. FINLAND. Kuusamo [65°58′N 029°11′E], R. Frey (1 ♀, MZH). SLOVAKIA. Centralis, Mašianske skalky [48°50′20.04″N 20°2′20.76″E], 15.v.1979, V. Straka (1 ♀, OUMNH); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.516666/lat 48.683334)">Pol’ana Biological Rerserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.516666/lat 48.683334)">Hrončecký</a> grúň reserve,?. vi.1999, 48°41′N 19°31′E, J. Roháček (1 ♀, CULSP); Zadná Pol’ana, National Nature Reserve, 1250 m, spruce wood, MT, 6.v.–3.vii.2006, 48°39′40″N 19°29′50″E, Ševčík &amp; Roháček (3 ♀, CULSP).</p> <p>Recognition. Females of this species have pale legs and halteres. The absence of males makes identification of this species difficult, especially given the variation in leg colouration that occurs in females.</p> <p>Redescription. Wing length 3.2 mm. Female. Head black in ground-colour, with brown to black setation, occiput subshining, finely greyish pollinose. Eyes dichoptic, with ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, somewhat widened toward ocellar triangle. Ocellar triangle prominent, with 2 pairs of thin setae; anterior ocellars moderately long, proclinate and lateroclinate; posterior ocellars short. Postvertical and postocular setae moderately long; additionally, occiput covered with numerous short bristly hairs in lower part. Antenna brown; scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setullae; postpedicel rather broad at base, nearly 3.5 times longer than wide, smoothly tapered; stylus very short, sensillum-tipped; segment 9 tubular, nearly as long wide, apical sensillum about as long as segment 9. Proboscis long, projected oblique; labium about as long as head is high; palpus projected parallel to labrum, somewhat shorter than labrum.</p> <p>Thorax black in ground-colour, with black setation; scutum viewed dorsally subshiny, finely brownish grey pollinose, with three darker, hardly prominent, narrow vittae down acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; viewed anteriorly more distinctly brown pollinose; mesopleuron uniformly greyish brown pollinose. Proepisternum with brownish yellow setulae in lower part and similar setulae in upper part. Postpronotal lobe with 1–2 long setae and few setulae. Mesonotal setae prominent; acr short, arranged in 2 close rows, lacking on prescutellar depression; dc uniserial (with some additional setulae in anterior part), offset from row anteriorly, subequal to acr in anterior part, 2–3 prescutellar pairs long; 1 presut spal (sometimes with additional setulae), 3–4 npl (often with 1–2 additional shorter setae), several psut spal of different lengths, 1 long pal, 4–5 pairs of sctl.</p> <p>Legs, including coxae, yellow, apical tarsomeres brownish. Coxae and trochanters with ordinary hair-like setae. Fore and mid femora with short posteroventral setae somewhat longer subapically. Hind femur with moderately long anteroventral (in apical part) and dorsal setae. All tibiae with inconspicuous setation. Tarsomere 5 on all legs flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.</p> <p>Wing almost hyaline, very finely infuscate along anterior margin; basal costal seta absent; pterostigma distinct brownish yellow, elliptical, overlapping apex of R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2+3 straight in apical part; R 4+5 unbranched; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, hardly produced apically; base of M 2 (crossvein) long, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein straight. Apex of cell cua recurved, CuA+CuP long, faint, ending just short of wing margin. Halter yellow.</p> <p>Abdomen brownish yellow, subshiny, finely greyish pollinose; with short brownish setulae. Cercus brownish, long, slender.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Specimens from Finland, Italy and Slovakia have been studied (Fig. 33).</p> <p>Remarks. This species can not presently be confidently identified and/or defined without associated males. Additional collecting from the type locality (Rolle-Pass) is required to determine how many species are present in the region based on males. Iteaphila ribesii is also collected in the same type locality.A lectotype was not designated at this time due to the difficulties in associating males with females and also distinguishing different species among female specimens alone.</p> <p>Engel (1941; 200) noted a male specimen of this species from Corsica. But his description clearly indicates that it is a specimen of Euthyneura Macquart, which was also confirmed by M. Chvála (i.e., 1 ♂, Korsika, 2.V, 5483, Euthyneura ! cf. albipennis Zett., det. M. Chvála, 1981). Shamshev (2016) treated A. caelebs as a junior synonym of A. oedalinus, although without justification. Although we retain provisionally I. caelebs as a separate species, records of this species from Scandinavia and Siberia most probably belong to I. oedalina. In the females of the latter species, the legs and halteres are very variable in colour.</p> <p>The specimens from Pol’ana, Slovakia were identified as A. ribesii by Barták &amp; Roháček (2009). Since no male specimens were available to us, this species identification could not be confirmed.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFFFFFD04EBCFBF5FBACB73C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFFEFFCF4EBCF91BFA00B76D.text	0E6887D4FFFEFFCF4EBCF91BFA00B76D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila Zetterstedt	<div><p>Key to Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (R 4+5) from the Palaearctic Region</p> <p>1 Male [unknown for I. caelebs].......................................................................... 2</p> <p>- Female [unknown for I. falki sp. nov., I. kyrgyzstanensis sp. nov., I. sakhalinensis sp. nov., I. aktruensis sp. nov.]........ 16</p> <p>2 Eyes dichoptic....................................................................................... 3</p> <p>- Eyes holoptic........................................................................................ 4</p> <p>3 Stylus not much longer than wide; terminalia almost entirely yellow (Fig. 13).................... I. dichoptica sp. nov.</p> <p>- Stylus much longer than wide; terminalia very dark..................................... I. kyrgyzstanensis sp. nov.</p> <p>4 Epandrium oval, with broad dorsal bridge connecting lamellae and narrow, dorsally directed surstylus; hypandrium clothed with short shiny projections (Fig. 21).................................................... I. beringiensis sp. nov.</p> <p>- Epandrium narrowed, longer than wide, prolonged posteriorly, with narrow dorsal bridge and posteriorly directed surstylus; hypandrium not clothed with short shiny projections......................................................... 5</p> <p>5 Surstylus held erect to epandrium (Figs 45, 56, 61, 75)........................................................ 6</p> <p>- Surstylus directed posteriorly (Figs 29, 30)................................................................. 9</p> <p>6 Surstylus very narrow and shiny (Figs 61, 75)............................................................... 7</p> <p>- Surstylus broader, round and narrow apically (Figs 45, 56)..................................................... 8</p> <p>7 Surstylus hook-like, shorter than cercus (Fig. 75)............................................ I. zontaki (Nowicki)</p> <p>- Surstylus elongate and straight, as long as cercus (Fig. 61)...................................... I. miranda sp. nov.</p> <p>8 Surstylus tapered to narrow point (Fig. 56); cercus broad with posterior, subapical lobe (Fig. 57); phallus slightly arched and broad at apex........................................................................... I. spinosa sp. nov.</p> <p>- Surstylus digitiform with rounded tip; cercus narrow without posterior, subapical lobe; phallus strongly arched and slender at apex (Fig. 45).......................................................................... I. gracilis sp. nov.</p> <p>9 Anepisternum and katepisternum with shiny spot on middle.................................................. 10</p> <p>- Anepisternum and katepisternum greyish pollinose.......................................................... 11</p> <p>10 Apex of phallus narrowed, directed horizontally and slightly sinuous; hypoproct process elongate; hypandrium with subapical subtriangular projection (Fig. 29)........................................................... I. bartaki sp. nov.</p> <p>- Apex of phallus not narrowed, evenly curved ventrally; hypoproct process short; hypandrium evenly curved subapically (Fig. 30)..................................................................................... I. falki sp. nov.</p> <p>11 Phallic guide long, produced beyond epandrium as far as phallus, well visible in situ (Figs 32, 53).................... 12</p> <p>- Phallic guide short, not produced beyond epandrium, not visible in situ (Figs 60, 67)............................... 13</p> <p>12 Tibiae and usually halteres yellowish; cercus short, as long as surstylus; phallic guide subequal in width to phallus (Fig. 53)..................................................................................... I. luteitibia sp. nov.</p> <p>- Tibiae and halteres dark; cercus long, longer than surstylus; phallic guide broader than phallus (Fig. 32).. I. ribesii (Becker)</p> <p>13 Phallus bent subapically nearly 90°, directed straight before arched apically (Fig. 67)............ I. oedalina (Zetterstedt)</p> <p>- Phallus not bent subapically nearly 90°, gradually arched and curved apically (Figs 59, 60, 70)....................... 14</p> <p>14 Surstylus broad with rounded apex; phallus often projected well beyond epandrium (Fig. 60)............ I. incus sp. nov.</p> <p>- Surstylus narrow, hook-like; phallus arched along margin of epandrium (Figs 59, 70).............................. 15</p> <p>15 Phallus prolonged, arched to hypandrium (Fig. 59).......................................... I. aktruensis sp. nov.</p> <p>- Phallus not prolonged, arched to apex of epandrium (Fig. 70)............................... I. sakhalinensis sp. nov.</p> <p>16 Halteres pale........................................................................................ 17</p> <p>- Halteres dark........................................................................................ 19</p> <p>17 Antennal stylus (excluding apical sensillum) distinctly longer than wide........... I. spinosa sp. nov., I. luteitibia sp. nov.</p> <p>- Antennal stylus (excluding apical sensillum) about as long as wide............................................. 18</p> <p>18 Scutum viewed anteriorly subshiny, finely pollinose......................................... I. dichoptica sp. nov.</p> <p>- Scutum viewed anteriorly densely pollinose...... I. gracilis sp. nov., I. caelebs (Becker), I. oedalina (Zetterstedt) [in part]</p> <p>19 Antennal stylus (excluding apical sensillum) about as long as wide............................................. 20</p> <p>- Antennal stylus (excluding apical sensillum) distinctly longer than wide......................................... 21</p> <p>20 Anepisternum and katepisternum shiny...................................................... I. bartaki sp. nov.</p> <p>- Anepisternum and katepisternum dull with pruinescence................................................................................................. I. zontaki (Nowicki), I. oedalina (Zetterstedt) [in part], I. incus sp. nov.</p> <p>21 Sternite 8 shiny..................................................................... I. beringiensis sp. nov.</p> <p>- Sternite 8 with pruinescence............................................................... I. ribesii (Becker)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFFEFFCF4EBCF91BFA00B76D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
0E6887D4FFE1FFC94EBCFA63FB63B34C.text	0E6887D4FFE1FFC94EBCFA63FB63B34C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iteaphila Zetterstedt	<div><p>Key to Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (R 4+5) from the Nearctic Region</p> <p>1 Acrostichals biserial; if doubtful, then males with very broad epandrium dorsal bridge (Fig. 21)....................... 2</p> <p>- Acrostichals 4-serial (at least anteriorly), often arranged in widely separated paired rows; epandrium with narrow dorsal bridge............................................................................................. 18</p> <p>2 Anepisternum and anepimeron mostly bare and shiny; male terminalia subrectangular, greatly extended horizontally, longer than final three abdominal segments; epandrium expanded apically (Sinclair &amp; Shamshev, 2012, fig. 8B).................................................................................................. I. nitidula Zetterstedt</p> <p>- Anepisternum and anepimeron finely pollinose; male terminalia subtriangular, not extended horizontally, much shorter than final three abdominal segments; epandrium more or less pointed apically......................................... 3</p> <p>3 Male............................................................................................... 4</p> <p>- Female [unknown for I. falcata, I. lolo sp. nov., I. stentor].................................................... 16</p> <p>4 Epandrium oval, with broad dorsal bridge connecting lamellae and narrow upright surstylus; hypandrium clothed in spiny projections (Figs 21–23)................................................................................ 5</p> <p>- Epandrium prolonged posteriorly, with narrow dorsal bridge and horizontal, hook-like surstylus; hypandrium without spiny projections (Figs 55, 61)................................................................................ 7</p> <p>5 Base of postpedicel not distinctly expanded; only cercus and surstylus extending beyond margin of epandrium (Fig. 21)...................................................................................... I. beringiensis sp. nov.</p> <p>- Base of postpedicel distinctly expanded; phallus, cercus and surstylus extending beyond margin of epandrium (Figs 22, 23). 6</p> <p>6 Phallus arising from epandrium, separate from cerci (Fig. 23)...................................... I. recta sp. nov.</p> <p>- Phallus arising from epandrium as pair of narrow projections between cerci (Fig. 22).................. I. bifida sp. nov.</p> <p>7 Phallus with broad cup-like or funnel-like apex (Figs 77, 78)................................................... 8</p> <p>- Phallus with slender apex, not divergent or expanded apically (Figs 55, 61)....................................... 9</p> <p>8 Apex of phallus cup-shaped, nearly symmetrical (Fig. 78)..................................... I. stentor (Melander)</p> <p>- Apex of phallus funnel-shaped, prolonged anteriorly (Fig. 77)................................. I. parastentor sp. nov.</p> <p>9 Surstylus narrow, upright, parallel to phallus (Fig. 61)......................................... I. miranda sp. nov.</p> <p>- Surstylus short, inconspicuous, usually projecting little beyond epandrium....................................... 10</p> <p>10 Hypoproct process long and narrow, nearly as long as or longer than cercus (Fig. 55)............................... 11</p> <p>- Hypoproct process short and narrow, shorter than cercus or inconspicuous (Fig. 47)................................ 12</p> <p>11 Abdomen with pale setae; phallus long and slender, filament-like; cercus short, with longer hypoproct process (Fig. 55)........................................................................................ I. sierrensis sp. nov.</p> <p>- Abdomen with dark setae; phallus with asymmetrical apex, arched to left; cercus elongate, more than half length of epandrium, with shorter hypoproct process (Sinclair &amp; Shamshev 2012, fig. 6A)............................... I. falcata Sinclair</p> <p>12 Setae of scutellum yellow................................................................... A. lolo sp. nov.</p> <p>- Setae of scutellum dark............................................................................... 13</p> <p>13 Postpedicel distinctly broader than distance between posterior ocelli (eastern North America)........................ 14</p> <p>- Postpedicel narrower, subequal to distance between posterior ocelli (eastern and western North America).............. 15</p> <p>14 Phallus slender and filamentous with long membranous tip; apex of hypandrium deeply notched; phallic guide not extending beyond hypandrium (Fig. 36)......................................................... I. longiphallus sp. nov.</p> <p>- Phallus heavily sclerotized with recurved, hooked apex; apex of hypandrium without notch; phallic guide extending well beyond hypandrium, associated with apex of phallus (Fig. 69).................................. I. recurvata sp. nov.</p> <p>15 Phallus strongly arched at apex and tapered to narrow point; anterior projection at mid-length of phallus; apex of hypandrium not divided into pair of rounded projections (Fig. 68)....................................... I. polygyna (Melander)</p> <p>- Phallus straight preapically, apex strongly recurved with broad apex; without anterior projection at mid-length of phallus (Fig. 67); apex of hypandrium divided into pair of rounded projections (Fig. 66)..................... I. oedalina (Zetterstedt)</p> <p>16 Scutum dorsally largely shiny, with pruinescence on postpronotal lobes and area posterior, notopleuron and prescutellar depression........................................................................... I. sierrensis sp. nov.</p> <p>- Scutum largely with distinct pruinescence [difficult to confidently distinguish without associated males]............... 17</p> <p>17 Femora and coxae yellow................................................................................... (I. longiphallus sp. nov., I. miranda sp. nov., I. oedalina (Zetterstedt) [in part], I. polygyna (Melander), I. recurvata sp. nov.)</p> <p>- Femora and coxae dark, at most knew pale....................................................................... (I. beringiensis sp. nov., I. bifida sp. nov., I. oedalina (Zetterstedt) [in part], I. recta sp. nov., I. parastentor sp. nov.)</p> <p>18 Setae of scutellum yellow.............................................................................. 19</p> <p>- Setae of scutellum black............................................................................... 20</p> <p>19 Scutum with thin pruinescence; apical bend of phallus and phallic guide long and slender with pointed apex (Fig. 43); halteres yellow; females entirely yellow, except for head and often scutum with darkened median stripe (Figs 14, 15).............................................................................................. I. flavipilosa (Melander)</p> <p>- Scutum dark and shiny, with pruinescence anteriorly and on prescutellar depression; apical bend of phallus and phallic guide shorter, broader, with apex of phallus truncate (Fig. 44); halteres brown; females dark.............. I. glabricula sp. nov.</p> <p>20 Male.............................................................................................. 21</p> <p>- Female [unknown for I. arnaudi, I. grandis]............................................................... 28</p> <p>21 Ejaculatory apodeme greatly enlarged, twice length of gonocoxal apodeme (Fig. 41), distorting apex of abdomen in dried specimens............................................................................. I. brooksi sp. nov.</p> <p>- Ejaculatory apodeme not twice length of gonocoxal apodeme................................................. 22</p> <p>22 Epandrium with very broad dorsal bridge connecting lamellae; ventral margin of epandrium with deep notch; phallus straight apically, with short hook at apex (Fig. 24)................................................... I. tribulosa sp. nov.</p> <p>- Epandrium with narrow dorsal bridge connecting lamellae; ventral margin of epandrium evenly curved, without notch; phallus strongly curved apically, without short hook at apex (Figs 46, 48).............................................. 23</p> <p>23 Hypoproct process long and narrow, extending beyond apex of cercus; apex of epandrium with strongly, dorsally produced surstylus (Figs 46, 48)................................................................................ 24</p> <p>- Hypoproct process short and narrow, much shorter than length of cercus; apex of epandrium without strongly, dorsally produced surstylus (Fig. 58).................................................................................... 25</p> <p>24 Wing length less than 4.0 mm; surstylus narrow and slightly sinuous; phallic guide rounded apically, not expanded (Fig. 48)................................................................................ I. longipalpis (Melander)</p> <p>- Wing length greater than 4.0 mm; surstylus broad and rounded apically; phallic guide expanded apically (Fig. 46).............................................................................................. I. grandis sp. nov.</p> <p>25 Apex of hypandrium narrow, without short spiny projections.................................................. 26</p> <p>- Apex of hypandrium broad, with short spiny projections (Fig. 39).............................................. 27</p> <p>26 Postgonite distant from dorsal margin of epandrium; surstylus projecting horizontally (Fig. 58)....... I. subnupta sp. nov.</p> <p>- Postgonite extending to near dorsal margin of epandrium; surstylus projecting dorsally (Fig. 37)........ I. arnaudi sp. nov.</p> <p>27 Postsutural supra-alar region with pruinescence; surstylus very short, only slightly emerging above epandrium; hypandrium expanded at apex in posterior view (Fig. 38)................................................. I. bayarea sp. nov.</p> <p>- Postsutural supra-alar region shiny without pruinescence; surstylus projecting dorsally well beyond epandrium; dorsal phallic process long, projecting from epandrium; hypandrium tapered in posterior view (Fig. 54)............. I. nupta (Melander)</p> <p>28 Base of postpedicel distinctly expanded; palpi robust, not filamentous............................ I. tribulosa sp. nov.</p> <p>- Base of postpedicel not distinctly expanded; palpi usually very slender, filamentous (difficult to confidently distinguish females without associated males).............................................................................. 29</p> <p>29 Halteres with pale knob............................................................ I. longipalpis (Melander)</p> <p>- Halteres with dark knob............................................................................... 30</p> <p>30 Sides of posterior scutum shiny lateral to dorsocentral row (viewed anteriorly)...................... I. bayarea sp. nov.</p> <p>- Sides of posterior scutum with pruinescence lateral to dorsocentral row (viewed anteriorly)............................................................................. I. brooksi sp. nov., I. nupta (Melander), I. subnupta sp. nov.</p> <p>......continued on the next page</p> <p>1Branched and unbranched R specimens known.</p> <p>4+5</p> <p>Feeding habits</p> <p>As briefly reviewed by Sinclair &amp; Shamshev (2012), adults of Iteaphila are flower visitors. In addition to a number of Iteaphila species (i.e., radial vein forked), Downes (unpubl. data) also examined a female specimen of “ Anthepiscopus ” (i.e., radial vein unforked), collected in Mt. Rainier National Park (USA: Washington). As outlined in Sinclair &amp; Shamshev (2012), Downes also observed a fully expanded crop with a few pollen grains in this specimen. Although Downes thought males were only nectar feeders (Sinclair &amp; Shamshev 2012), we have observed pollen grains in dissected and cleared male abdomens of a number of species. The flowers upon which Iteaphila with unbranched R 4+5 have been collected are listed in Table 4.</p> <p>DNA barcode sequence data</p> <p>The COI barcode data for Nearctic Iteaphila with branched and unbranched R 4+5 are summarized in the neighbourjoining tree (Fig. 82). DNA data for this project was obtained for two purposes. Firstly, sequenced females which clustered with sequenced males permitted confirmation of identification. These associated females were carefully examined for species specific characters for identification and description. Secondly, the use of sequences permitted recognition of possible cryptic species complexes.</p> <p>Among the 36 known Nearctic species of Iteaphila, barcode data for 18 named species and four un-named species were available. Palaearctic specimens with associated barcode data were not available for study. Two species of Iteaphila with unbranched R 4+5 were unidentified due to absence of associated males, one of which is likely nupta / subnupta based on distribution, outcome in the key and barcode coverage of other Nearctic species. A female specimen from Nome, Alaska (103409), originally identified as I. bulbosa, appears to represent a currently unrecognized species. In addition, a specimen (103384) originally identified as I. orchestris needs to be re-evaluated and likely represents a new species.</p> <p>Iteaphila nitidula has very unique male terminalia (elongate epandrium and looping phallus) (Fig. 7) and was originally believed to be a widespread Holarctic species. On the basis of COI barcode data, this species appears to comprise possibly as many as six cryptic species (including public data available on the BOLD website) and specimens across its range will need to be investigated for additional and currently unrecognized species. Differences in the inner shape of the epandrium and medial projection may indicate different species. The Nearctic specimens listed here were assigned to different BINs, none of which match I. nitidula from near the type locality in Sweden (BIN ID: ACD3033). In contrast, Nearctic specimens of I. macquarti, another widespread Holarctic species, are all assigned to the same BIN (AAL8966), the same as specimens from near the type locality in Norway.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6887D4FFE1FFC94EBCFA63FB63B34C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sinclair, Bradley J.;Shamshev, Igor V.	Sinclair, Bradley J., Shamshev, Igor V. (2021): World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae). Zootaxa 4968 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1
