identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039FF66CFFD47418FF09D71A683BFE03.text	039FF66CFFD47418FF09D71A683BFE03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loneura willineri Cutrim & Neto & García Aldrete & Rafael 2021	<div><p>Loneura willineri n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs 1–21)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Belonging in species group IB of García Aldrete et al. (2011), this species is related to L. boliviana and L. meridionalis by the hyaline wings and hypandrium arrangement but differs from it in having the phallosome with external parameres long and slender, in having the anterior pair of endophallic sclerites basally straight, besides having an anterior central projection with a group of spines along the outer margin.</p> <p>Male. Color. Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline, with ochre centripetal crescents; head pattern (Fig. 1). Scape brown, pedicel pale brown, f1–f3 pale yellow. Femora pale with a brown belt at proximal ends; tibiae pale yellow with distal ends brown; tarsomeres 1 pale brown with distal ends brown, tarsomeres 2–3 brown. Forewings (Fig. 2) almost hyaline, veins brown, pterostigma with proximal and distal pale brown bands, a brown spot at R–Rs crossvein and at confluence of CuP–1A. Hindwings (Fig. 3) hyaline, veins brown, a brown spot at wing base.</p> <p>Morphology. Compound eyes without interommatidial setae. Outer cusp of lacinial tips (Fig. 4) broad, with five denticles. Right forewing (Fig. 2) pterostigma elongate, narrow anteriorly, wider in the middle; areola postica tall, broadly triangular, apically round; Rs long, slightly concave proximally, R 2+3 almost straight, R 4+5 sinuous; M stem slightly concave proximally, then almost straight, with six primary branches, M 6 forked, resulting in M 6a and M 6b. Right hindwing (Fig. 3) M with four primary branches, M 4 forked, resulting in M 4a and M 4b (Figs 15–21; see also variations of the wings of female specimens). Hypandrium (Fig. 5) of three sclerites, central sclerite “U” shaped, convex anteriorly, with two lateral posterior projections, rounded distally, curved outward; irregular side sclerites narrow distally, setae as illustrated. Phallosome (Fig. 6) with side struts basally not fused, V-shaped, not fused posteriorly to external parameres, these long and slender, proximally slender and widening distally ending in a curved inward projection with a field of pores; two pairs of endophallic sclerites; an anterior pair U-shaped, anteriorly straight and serrated at the base, with two projections, a central inner shorter, very thin distally, posteriorly with a sclerotized area and a spine group along the outer margin, and a lateral external longer and curved outward, with a sclerotized area on both inner and external margins, posteriorly with a short and slightly acuminate projection, laterally with a radular posterior margin and a lobed end; two partially sclerotized membranes curved outward between the base of the anterior pair of endophallic sclerites; a posterior pair elongate, irregular, proximally concave with a very thin curved, apical end scythe-shaped and distally turned outward with short acuminated end projection. Epiproct (Fig. 7) trapezoidal, posteriorly slightly rounded, with two lateral large setae as illustrated. Right paraproct (Fig. 7) broad-based, triangular, sensory fields with 34 trichobothria on basal rosettes, setae as illustrated.</p> <p>Measurements. FW: 5785, HW: 3914, F: 1478, T: 2489, t1: 1020, t2: 53, t3: 136, f1: 1296, f2: 1303, Mx4: 334, IO: 650, D: 409, d: 255, PO: 0.62. IO/d: 2.54, IO/D: 1.58.</p> <p>Female. Color. Essentially as in the male.</p> <p>Morphology. Compound eyes (Fig. 8) without interommatidial setae. Outer cusp of lacinial tips (Fig. 11) broad, with five denticles. Right forewing (Fig. 9) pterostigma elongate, narrow basally, wider in the middle; areola postica tall, trapezoid, apically rounded; Rs long, slightly concave basally, R 2+3 almost straight, R 4+5 sinuous; M stem slightly concave proximally, then almost straight, with seven primary branches, M 7 forked, resulting in M 7a and M 7b; Right hindwing (Fig. 10) M with three primary branches (Figs 15–21; see also variations of the wing female specimens). Subgenital plate (Fig. 12) broad, straight basally, subtriangular, with sides converging to a pointed apex, with lateral pigmented areas, setae directed to the inner and anterior area as illustrated. Ninth sternum (Fig. 13) strongly sclerotized, subtrapezoidal, anteriorly with a deep central cleft, posteriorly straight at base, with two latero-posterior elliptic areas and other almost square strongly pigmented at its center. Gonapophyses (Fig. 13): v1 long, with outer margin heavily sclerotized, slightly wider in the middle and narrowing at the end, with acuminate apex; v 2+3 stout, with a large heel proximally, wide at the middle and narrowing at the end with three large setae on outer lobes and long acuminate apex. Epiproct (Fig. 14) wide-based, rounded and with setae anteriorly as illustrated. Right Paraproct (Fig. 14) subtrapezoidal, sensory fields with 27 trichobothria on basal rosettes, setae as illustrated.</p> <p>Measurements. FW: 6060, HW: 4018, F: 1208, T: 1503, t1: 706, t2: 84, t3: 138, f1: 1167, f2: 1269, Mx4: 332, IO: 670, D: 382, d: 270, PO: 0.70, IO/D: 1.75 IO/d: 2.48.</p> <p>Fore &amp; hindwing venation variation. Five female specimens from Bolivia (4) and Peru (1) showed the following variations: (A) with no vein variation; female (B) left forewing M with seven primary branches with M 7 forked, resulting in M 7a and M 7b, from which an incomplete vein derives (Fig.15); female (C), left forewing M with seven primary branches with M 7 three branched, resulting in M 7a1, M 7a2 and M 7b (Fig. 16); female (D), right forewing M with six primary branches, with M 2 and M 6 forked, resulting in M 2a and M 2b, M 6a and M 6b from which an incomplete vein derives (Fig. 17), left hindwing M with three primary branches and then a M 4 bifurcation originating directly in the M vein, resulting in M 4a and M 4b (Fig. 18); female (E), right forewing M with seven primary branches, with M 6 and M 7 forked, resulting in M 6a and M 6b, M 7a and M 7b and an incomplete vein drifting from the areola postica (Cu A1) (Fig. 19), left forewing M with seven primary branches, with M 7 three branched arc shaped in equal parts, resulting in M 7a, M 7b and M 7c, (Fig. 20), right hindwing M with five primary branches (Fig. 21).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male (UNAM). Bolivia, Santa Cruz, 5.8 km E Samaipata, 24.IV.2005. On rock faces at creek side. (A. N. García-Aldrete). Paratype female, Female A, same data as the holotype. 3 females (UNAM). Bolivia: Female B: La Paz, Nor Yungas, 12 km SW Coroico, 5.IV.2004, 1694m, 16º14.082’S: 67º40’87 7’’ W. On rock wall. A. N. García Aldrete; female C: La Paz, Nor Yungas, 1 km NW Yolosa, towards Chuspipata, 4.V.2005, 16º15.247’S: 67º46.765W, 1396 m, on rock in slope, A. N. García Aldrete; female D: Santa Cruz, 5.8 km E Samaipata, 24.IV.2005. On rock faces, at creek side. A. N. García-Aldrete. 1 female (UNAM). Female E: Peru, ELM5007, Cusco, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.77942&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.254116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.77942/lat -16.254116)">Machu Pichu</a>, 15.XII.1980, in recesses on ruins. E. L. Mockford.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039FF66CFFD47418FF09D71A683BFE03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cutrim, Marcelo;Neto, Alberto Moreira Da Silva;García Aldrete, Alfonso N.;Rafael, José Albertino	Cutrim, Marcelo, Neto, Alberto Moreira Da Silva, García Aldrete, Alfonso N., Rafael, José Albertino (2021): A new species of Loneura Navás and taxonomic update of L. boliviana Williner and L. meridionalis García Aldrete (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae). Zootaxa 4969 (1): 135-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4969.1.7
039FF66CFFD07414FF09D7ED6E5EFB98.text	039FF66CFFD07414FF09D7ED6E5EFB98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loneura meridionalis Garcia Aldrete 2021	<div><p>Loneura meridionalis Garcia Aldrete stat. rev.</p> <p>(Figs 22–39)</p> <p>Loneura meridionalis Garcia Aldrete, 2003: 12, Figs 1–9; Lima et al., 2019: 184 (taxonomy); Garcia Aldrete et al., 2020: 294 (taxonomy, phylogeny).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Belonging in species group IB of García Aldrete et al. (2011). This species has a hyaline wing color pattern similar to L. willineri n. sp., related to L. tendalensis and remarkably similar to L. boliviana by the hypandrium arrangement but differing from it in having the phallosome with external parameres long and wide, in having an anterior pair of endophallic sclerites with convex base, besides having an anterior central projection without a group of spines.</p> <p>Male. Color. Compound eyes (Fig. 22) black, ocelli hyaline, with ochre centripetal crescents; head pattern. Scape brown, pedicel pale brown, f1–f3 pale yellow. Femora pale, almost hyaline with a thin brown belt at the proximal and distal ends; tibiae pale yellow with proximal and distal ends brown; tarsomeres 1 pale brown, tarsomeres 2–3 brown. Forewings (Fig. 23) almost hyaline, veins brown, pterostigma with proximal and distal pale-yellow bands, a brown spot at R–Rs crossvein and at confluence CuP–1A. Hindwings hyaline, veins brown, a brown spot at wing base (Fig. 24).</p> <p>Morphology. Compound eyes without interommatidial setae (Fig. 22). Outer cusp of lacinial tips broad, with seven denticles (Fig. 25). Forewings without setae in the veins, pterostigma elongate, narrow basally, wider in the middle; areola postica tall, trapezoid, round apex and insertion of CuA1 at the wing margin before the first bifurcation of M; Rs long as well as its branches, almost straight, R 2+3 slightly convex medially, R 4+5 sinuous, with a tenuous convex curve; M stem slightly concave proximally, then almost straight, with six primary branches, M 6 forked, resulting in M 6a and M 6b (Fig. 23); hindwing M with five primary branches (Fig. 24) (Figs 36–39; see also variations of the wing male and female specimens). Hypandrium of three sclerites, a central sclerite U-shaped, convex anteriorly, with two lateral posterior projections, rounded distally and curved outward; irregular side sclerites narrow distally, setae as illustrated (Fig. 26). Phallosome with side struts basally not fused, V-shaped, not fused posteriorly to external parameres, these wide and long, bifurcated at base with apical anterior projection and rounded posterior projection, then a constricted area, widening distally, with another apical projection at the inner border, ending in a curved inward projection with a field of pores and arising from this another short curved inward projection; two pairs of endophallic sclerites (Fig. 27); anterior pair U-shaped, with base convex, proximally with a curved inward projection with a narrow and slender end touching each other, sclerotized area at outer margin, then a sclerotized central area on both inner and outer margins, widening distally, a short inner apical projection and other outward long projection with a radular posterior margin and a lobed end; posterior pair elongate, irregular, proximally concave, with a wide, curved apical end scythe-shaped touching each other and distally turned outward, with long acuminated end (Fig. 27). Epiproct trapezoidal, posteriorly straight, with three central large setae as illustrated (Fig. 28). Paraprocts narrow at the base, slightly triangularly acuminated, with sensory fields with 36 trichobothria on basal rosettes, setae as illustrated (Fig. 28).</p> <p>Measurements. FW: 5352, HW: 3679, F: 1345, T: 2371, t1: 953, t2: 87, t3: 135, f1: 1102, f2: 1138, Mx4: 314, IO: 666, D: 373, d: 266, PO: 0.71.</p> <p>Female. Color. Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline, with ochre centripetal crescents; head pattern (Fig. 29). Scape brown, pedicel pale brown, f1–f3 pale yellow. Femora pale, almost hyaline, with a pale brown belt at proximal and distal ends; tibiae pale brown with distal ends brown and a black spot at proximal ends; tarsomeres 1 pale brown, with distal ends brown, tarsomeres 2–3 brown. Forewings (Fig. 30) almost hyaline, veins brown with setae, pterostigma with proximal and distal pale brown bands, a brown spot at R–Rs crossvein and at confluence CuP–1A. Hindwings hyaline, veins brown with a brown spot at wing base (Fig. 31).</p> <p>Morphology. Compound eyes without interommatidial setae (Fig. 29). Outer cusp of lacinial tips broad, with six denticles (Fig. 32). Forewing with pterostigma elongate, narrow basally, wider in the middle; areola postica tall, trapezoid, with apex rounded and insertion of CuA1 at the wing margin before the first bifurcation of M; Rs long as well as its branches, slightly concave basally, R 2+3 almost straight, R 4+5 sinuous with a convex curve; M stem slightly concave proximally, then almost straight, with six primary branches, M 1 and M 2 margin insertions near, M 6 forked, resulting in M 6a and M 6b, with a short bifurcation insertion (Fig. 30); hindwing M with five primary branches (Fig. 31) (Figs 36–39; see also variations of the wing male and female specimens). Subgenital plate broad, subtriangular, concave basally, lateral margin straight, sides converging to a pointed apex, pigmented lateral areas, setae directed to inner and anterior areas as illustrated (Fig. 33). Ninth sternum strongly sclerotized, mouth shaped, tightly concave anteriorly, two lateral elliptical areas, and a central convex sclerotized bulge posteriorly (Fig. 34). Gonapophyses: v1 long, sclerotized, slightly wider in the middle and narrowing at the end, with acuminate apex; v 2+3 stout, with a large proximal end, wide at middle and narrowing at the end with five large setae on outer lobes, with a long acuminate apex (Fig. 34). Epiproct wide-based, almost cylindric, rounded and with setae anteriorly as illustrated (Fig. 35). Paraprocts subtrapezoidal, sensory fields with 35 trichobothria on basal rosettes, setae as illustrated (Fig. 35).</p> <p>Measurements. FW: 6019, HW: 3816, F: 1407, T: 2540, t1: 1020, t2: 98, t3: 162, f1: 1075, f2: 1168, Mx4: 366, IO: 681, D: 376, d: 258, PO: 0.68.</p> <p>Fore &amp; hindwing venation variation. Two specimens, one male and one female, collected at the type locality show the following variations: male right forewing M with five primary branches with M 5 forked, resulting in M 5a and M 5b (Fig. 36); hindwing M with four primary branches, M 3 forked, resulting in M 3a and M 3b (fig. 37); female right forewing M with seven primary branches, with M 7 forked, resulting in M 7a and M 7b (Fig. 38), right hindwing M with three primary branches with M 3 forked, resulting in M 3a and M 3b (Fig. 39).</p> <p>Material examined. 1 male (MHNG). ARGENTINA. Salta Province. 22 km N. La Caldera, 550 m, El Ucumar 58, J. Peck. 2–30.XII.1987, Malaise. FIT [flight interception trap], Subtropical humid forest, 1m #, Loneura. meridionalis, A. N. García-Aldrete [det.]. 1 female (MHNG). ARGENTINA, Jujuy Province. Calilegua Natural Park, 18–28.XII.1987, J. Peck, El Cortaderal, km 6, 800 m, Forest, Malaise, FIT [flight interception trap], 1f#, Loneura meridionalis, A. N. García Aldrete.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039FF66CFFD07414FF09D7ED6E5EFB98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cutrim, Marcelo;Neto, Alberto Moreira Da Silva;García Aldrete, Alfonso N.;Rafael, José Albertino	Cutrim, Marcelo, Neto, Alberto Moreira Da Silva, García Aldrete, Alfonso N., Rafael, José Albertino (2021): A new species of Loneura Navás and taxonomic update of L. boliviana Williner and L. meridionalis García Aldrete (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae). Zootaxa 4969 (1): 135-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4969.1.7
039FF66CFFDC7417FF09D25E69E3FAC1.text	039FF66CFFDC7417FF09D25E69E3FAC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loneura boliviana Williner 1949	<div><p>Loneura boliviana Williner nomen dubium</p> <p>Loneura boliviana Williner, 1949: 103, Fig. 4.</p> <p>Ptiloneura (Loneura) boliviana; Smithers, 1967: 34 (catalog).</p> <p>Loneura boliviana; Lienhard &amp; Smithers, 2002: 127 (catalog); Garcia Aldrete et al., 2011: 61 (infrageneric classification); Lima et al., 2019: 184 (taxonomy); Garcia Aldrete et al., 2020: 294 (taxonomy, phylogeny).</p> <p>As discussed below, L. boliviana Williner (1949) has been regarded as a senior synonym of L. meridionalis. However, the available description of L. boliviana refers mainly to the head and wings, with no description of other parts of the body, particularly the genitalia that provide the most secure structures to differentiate species within the group. The described wing color pattern of L. boliviana is similar to that of L. meridionalis and, as both species are recorded from Bolivia, L. meridionalis was placed as a synonym of L. boliviana by Castro (2007), a synonymy subsequently repeated by Gonzáles Obando et al., (2020). However, according to the original descriptions of these species L. boliviana has seven and eight branches on the forewings (right and left, respectively) while L. meridionalis has six branches; on the hindwing, the first has four branches while the latter has five branches. Character states of head, body and wings used to be considered sufficient to distinguish species of Loneura, but genitalia morphology is now considered the most secure character to be used for species recognition in Ptiloneuridae genera. Unfortunately, there is no information about the genitalia of L. boliviana, and in the absence of this information this species cannot be satisfactorily distinguished. As a result, L. boliviana is here considered a nomen dubium and L. meridionalis accepted as a valid species.</p> <p>The male holotype and paratype of L. boliviana were deposited originally at the Museo Entomológico del Colegio Máximo de San José, Argentina. However, the entire collection of that museum became part of the Instituto de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Salta (INESALT) (now non-existent) and was later transferred to the Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA). This Universidad claims that they donated the material to Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” (MACN), but the specimens never reached that Museum (Mulieri, P. in litt. 20.i.2021). As a result, it is concluded that the type material of L. boliviana is lost.</p> <p>As stated above, L. boliviana cannot be unequivocally distinguished from either L. meridionalis or L. willineri n. sp., or indeed any other species of its genus, due to insufficient morphological information. The two species recognized here can be distinguished as follows:</p> <p>1. Hypandrium with long lateral posterior projections, with a concavity between them, and almost elliptic side sclerites (Figs 40 and 41); phallosome external parameres stout, elongate and bifurcate at base; anterior pair of endophallic sclerites with long proximal projections, a curved and non-rough base without a group of spines along outer margin; posterior pair of endophallic sclerites with a wide curved inward proximal projection (Figs 44 and 45).............................. L. meridionalis</p> <p>-. Hypandrium with shorter lateral posterior projections, the median concavity straight, and the side sclerites almost rectangular (Figs 42 and 43); phallosome external parameres slender, elongate, and not bifurcated at base; anterior pair of endophallic sclerites with short proximal projections, a straight and rough base with a group of spines along outer margin; posterior pair of endophallic sclerites with a thin curved inward proximal projection (Figs 46 and 47)....................... L. willineri</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039FF66CFFDC7417FF09D25E69E3FAC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cutrim, Marcelo;Neto, Alberto Moreira Da Silva;García Aldrete, Alfonso N.;Rafael, José Albertino	Cutrim, Marcelo, Neto, Alberto Moreira Da Silva, García Aldrete, Alfonso N., Rafael, José Albertino (2021): A new species of Loneura Navás and taxonomic update of L. boliviana Williner and L. meridionalis García Aldrete (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae). Zootaxa 4969 (1): 135-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4969.1.7
