identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A50879E853FFD10DDEFBDEDE76136E.text	03A50879E853FFD10DDEFBDEDE76136E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Alevonota) rufotestacea (Kraatz 1856)	<div><p>Alevonota (Alevonota) rufotestacea (KRAATZ, 1856) (Figs 1-19, Map 1)</p> <p>Homalota rufotestacea KRAATZ, 1856: 245 f.</p> <p>Homalota atricapilla MULSANT &amp; REY, 1852: 21.</p> <p>Aleuonota aurantiaca FAUVEL, 1895: 95; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>H. rufotestacea: Lectotype , here designated: " Syntypus / coll. Kraatz / atricapilla Muls. German. / testacea Kr. / Lectotypus  Homalota rufotestacea Kraatz desig. V. Assing 2007 / Alevonota rufotestacea (Kraatz) det. V. Assing 2007 " (DEI). Paralectotype  [without head]: "Bonn / coll. Kraatz / Syntypus / Alevonota elegantula (Brisout) det. V. Assing 2007 " (DEI).</p> <p>A. aurantiaca: Lectotype , here designated: "Fresney le Puceux / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479 / Lectotypus  Aleuonota aurantiaca Fauvel desig. V. Assing 2007 / Alevonota rufotestacea (Kraatz) det. V. Assing 2007 " (IRSNB). Paralectotypes: 1 : " Croatie / =rufotestacea of my coll. / aurantiaca Fvl. / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479" (IRSNB); 1 ex.: " Croatie / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479" (IRSNB); 1 : "Guildford, Surrey, G. C. C. / rufotestacea / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479" (IRSNB); 1 : "[locality illegible] / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479" (IRSNB); 1 : "Limoges, 4 / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479" (IRSNB); 1 ex.: "Ozieri, Sardaigne / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479" (IRSNB); 1 ex.: " Corse / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479" (IRSNB); 1 : "Miskoutine / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479" (IRSNB); 1 : "Apennins d'Ombrie, feuilles mortes / Coll. et Det. Fauvel, Ath. (Aleuonota) aurantiaca Fvl., R. I. Sc. N. B. 17.479" (IRSNB).</p> <p>Comments:</p> <p>The original description of H. rufotestacea is based on an unspecified, but apparently low number ("aeusserst selten") of syntypes collected "im mittleren und südlichen Deutschland " (KRAATZ 1856). Two female syntypes were located in the Kraatz collection at the DEI; they are apparently not conspecific. One of them is in agreement with the present interpretation of A. rufotestacea, the other, a specimen without head, probably refers to A. elegantula. The former is here designated as the lectotype.</p> <p>Evidently misinterpreting A. rufotestacea (KRAATZ), FAUVEL (1895) made the name Aleuonota aurantiaca available as a "nom. nov." for the interpretation [sic] of A. rufotestacea by "Rye, Sharp, Fowler (non Kr.)". Consequently, his referring the new name to descriptions provided by the three British authors represents an original description through indication. Since types are not specified, the specimens in the Fauvel collection identified by him as A. aurantiaca are here considered syntypes. All of them are conspecific with A. rufotestacea (KRAATZ). A male from northwestern France is here designated as the lectotype.</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>Tunisia: 1 ex., Le Kef, leg. Normand (ZMH); 1 ex., Le Kef (ZMH); 1 ex., " Tunis ", leg. Sahlberg (ZMH); 1 ex., " Tunesien ", leg. Reitter (DEI).</p> <p>Algeria: 1 , Djurdjura, Col de Tizi-N'Kouilal, 1700-1800 m, 7.V.1988, leg. Besuchet, Löbl &amp; Burckhardt (MHNG).</p> <p>France: Languedoc-Roussillon: 1 ex., Gard, Monoblet, hazelnut litter, 22.X.1982, leg. Löbl (MHNG).</p> <p>Spain: Mallorca: 9 exs., Son Carrió, swept from water surface of swimming pool, 28.II.2003, leg. Feldmann (cFel, cAss); 3 exs., same data, but IV.2000 (cFel, cAss); 1  [identification uncertain], Valdemossa, leg. Breit (NHMW); 1 ex., locality not specified, leg. Breit (NHMW).</p> <p>Switzerland: Genève: 1 ex. [teneral], Vernier, 15.XI.1961, leg. Comellini (MHNG); 1 ex., Vandoeuvres, 16.V.1962, leg. Comellini (MHNG); 1 ex., Bois de la Grille, 26.IV.1962, leg. Comellini (MHNG); 1 ex., Versoix, 20.IV.1988, leg. Besuchet (MHNG); 1 ex., Chancy env., Racleret, flood plain forest, sifted, 22.V.2004, leg. Schülke (Sch). Ticino: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.016666/lat 45.916668)">Mte. Generoso</a> [45°55'N, 09°01'E], 1700 m, moss, 9.VI.1962, leg. Besuchet (MHNG); 1 ex., Novaggio, "avec Formica rufa ", 10.IX.1965, leg. Besuchet (MHNG); 2 exs., Malcantone Bedigliora, M. dei Mondini, 600 m, pitfall, 28.VI.1993, leg. Monga (cZan). Valais: 1 ex., Eich / Visp, 1000 m, sifted, 12.IX.1984, leg. Besuchet (MHNG).</p> <p>Italy: Trentino-Alto Adige: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.083333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.083333/lat 45.816666)">Vallarsa</a> [ca. 45°49'N, 11°05'E], leg. v. Friedl (NMP); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.15/lat 45.883335)">Terragnolo</a> [ca. 45°53'N, 11°09'E], leg. Jureček (NMP); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.166667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.166667/lat 45.9)">Folgaria</a> [45°54'N, 11°10'E], leg. Jureček (NMP); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.733334/lat 45.883335)">Lago di Ledro</a> [ca. 45°53'N, 10°44'E], leg. Strupi (NHMW). Piemonte: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.266667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.266667/lat 44.2)">Terme di Valdieri</a> [44°12'N, 7°16'E] Veneto: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.466666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.466666/lat 46.116665)">Bosco del Cansiglio</a> [ca. 46°07'N, 12°28'E], 17.VII.1912 (DEI); 2 exs., Cansiglio, Val Seraie (BL), 5.VII.1956, leg. Bucciarelli (NHMW, cAss); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.666667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.666667/lat 45.316666)">Colli Euganei</a> [ca. 45°19'N, 11°40'E] (NHMW). Friuli-Venezia Giulia: 1 ex., Fiume Veneto env., leg. Meyer (NHMW); 2 exs., Trieste, Opcina- <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.866667/lat 45.65)">Basovizza</a> [45°39'N, 13°52'E], 21.-28.IV.1921, leg. Moczarski &amp; Scheerpeltz (NHMW, cAss). Emilia- Romagna: 1 ex., Modena, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.783334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.783334/lat 44.5)">Montegibbio</a> [ca. 44°30'N, 10°47'E], 11.V.1893 (NHMW); 1 ex., Montegibbio, 1.V.1893, leg. Fiori (MNHUB); 1 ex., Modena, 5.V.1894, leg. Fiori (MNHUB); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.566667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.566667/lat 43.916668)">Santa Maria</a> [ca. 43°55'N, 12°34'E], 10.IV.1897, leg. Fiori (MNHUB). Toscana: 1 ex., Alpi Apuane, leg. Paganetti (DEI).</p> <p>Lazio: 1 ex., Roma, Roviano, 28.V.1978, leg. Audisio (cZan). Puglia: 1 ex., Puglia, Monte Gargano, 25.V.1907, leg. Hilf (DEI). Calabria: 1 ex., Antonimina (RC), 800 m, mixed forest, 3.V.1003, leg. Angelini &amp; Sabella (cWun). Sardegna: 2 exs., Seui, Mte. Arquieri, 7.V.1902, leg. Dodero (DEI); 1 ex., Mte. Aqueri (NHMW); 4 exs., Aritzo, Mte. Gennargentu, leg. Krüger (DEI, NHMW, cAss); 1 ex., Aritzo (NHMW); 1 ex., locality not specified (DEI); 1 ex., Dorgali, 7.III.1979, leg. Curti (MHNG).</p> <p>Germany: Schleswig-Holstein: 1 ex., Eutin, Beutiner Holz, 12.V.1916 (DEI); 1 ex., same locality, 24.V.1917 (NHMW); 1 ex., same locality, 16.V.1918 (DEI); 1 ex., same locality, 16.VI.1909 (DEI); 1 ex., same locality, 13.V.1920 (DEI); 1 ex., same locality, 27.V.1908 (DEI). Nordrhein-Westfalen: 1 ex., Düren, Gürzenich- Schevenhütte, car-net, 16.V.1989, leg. Wunderle (cWun); 1 ex., Bielefeld, Teutoburger Wald, 30.VI.1987, leg. Renner (cRen); 1 ex. [teneral, nanistic], Höxter, mesobrometum, pitfall, VII.1989 (cAss); 1 ex., Höxter env., Beverungen, pitfall, V.1990 (cAss); 1 ex., Marsberg [51°27'N, 08°51'E], <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.85/lat 51.45)">Dahlberg</a>, mesobrometum, pitfall, 5.VII.1992, leg. Lückmann (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 21.V.1994 (cFel); 1 ex., Marsberg, Kregenberg, mesobromentum, pitfall, 21.V.1994, leg. Lückmann (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 14.V.1995 (cFel). Rheinland-Pfalz: 4 exs., Eifel, Fischbachtal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.95/lat 49.983334)">Neuerburg</a> [49°59'N, 06°57'E], car-net, 1.VI.1990, leg. Wunderle (cWun); 1 ex., Nahetal, Heinzenberg, Kellenbachtal, car-net, 27.V.1986, leg. Wunderle (cWun); 1 ex., Nassau, leg. Buddeberg (NHMW). Bayern: 1 ex., Eschenlohe, 22.VI.1925, leg. Ihsssen (MNHUB).</p> <p>Hessen: 1 ex., Dautphe-Buchenau, Katzenbachtal, car-net, 30.IV.1988, leg. Wunderle (cWun); 2 exs., same data, but 9.V.1987 (cWun); 1 ex., Oberlais (DEI). Niedersachsen: 1 ex., SE Göttingen, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.983334/lat 51.5)">Westerberg</a> [ca. 51°30'N, 9°59'E], 2.VI.1992, leg. Borcherding (cAss); 1 ex., Göttingen, Niedernjesa, 15.V.1973, leg. Renner (cRen); 1 ex., Northeim env., Weper, mesobrometum, pitfall, VI.1990, leg. Joger (cAss); 2 exs., 2 km SE Wolfenbüttel, Öselberg, 150 m, pitfall, V.1998, leg. Schmidt (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but IV.1998 (cAss); 1 ex., Alfeld / Leine, Wrisbergholzen, Ortsberg, mesobrometum, pitfall, V.1986, leg. Assing (cAss); 1 ex., same locality, 8.VI.1992, leg. Sprick (cAss); 1 ex., Alfeld / Leine, Siebenberge, Ostenberg, V.2000, leg. Sührig (cAss); 2 exs., S Hildesheim, Steinberg, mesobrometum, pitfall, V.1997, leg. Schmidt (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but VI.1997 (cAss). Sachsen-Anhalt: 1 ex., Bad Kösen, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.7/lat 51.1)">Himmelreich</a> [ca. 51°06'N, 11°42'E], 20.V.1929, leg. Maertens (MNHUB); 1 ex., same locality, 30.IV.1950, leg. Dorn (MNHUB). Thüringen: 1 ex., Kyffhäuser, "Drei Linden", 9.V.1915, leg. Petry (MNHUB); 1 ex., Sachsenburg, 22.V.1915, leg. Petry (MNHUB); 1 ex., Rüdigsdorf, 26.V.1928, leg. Petry (MNHUB). Sachsen: 1 ex., Görlitz, Landeskrone, pitfall, 16.V.1978, leg. Vogel (cZan); 1 ex., Moritzburg (MNHUB).</p> <p>Poland: 1 ex., Legnica ["Liegnitz"] (DEI).</p> <p>Czech Republic: 1 ex., Moravia, Brno-Hády, 1.V.1966, leg. Nohel (NHMW); 1 ex., Bohemia, locality not specified (NHMW).</p> <p>Slovakia: 1 ex., NE Nitria, Jelenec, mixed deciduous forest, leaf litter sifted, 30.V.1983, leg. Dieckmann (cAss).</p> <p>Austria: Oberösterreich: 1 ex., Steyr (NHMW). Niederösterreich / Wien: 1 ex., Schönbühel, VI.1918, leg. Käufel (NHMW); 2 exs., Perchtoldsdorf, Heide, leg. Scheerpeltz (NHMW); 2 exs., SW Wien, Dornbach (NHMW); 1 ex. [with worker of Lasius fuliginosus attached to the pin], Wien env., Mariabrunn, 9.V.1967, leg. Holzschuh (NHMW); 1 ex., Wechselgebirge (NHMW); 1 ex., Wechselgebirge, 1888, leg. Ganglbauer (NHMW); 1 ex., S Wiener Neustadt, Bucklige Welt, leg. Mader (NHMW); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.966666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.966666/lat 47.633335)">Kranichberg</a> [47°38'N; 15°58'E], leg. Ganglbauer (NHMW); 2 exs., locality not specified, leg. Haberfelner (NHMW). Steiermark: 1 ex., Turnau (NHMW); 1 ex., Graz env. (NHMW); 3 exs., Rottenmanner Tauern (NHMW). Kärnten: 1 ex., Karnische Alpen, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.25/lat 46.583332)">Doberbachtal</a> [ca. 46°35'N, 13°15'E], leg. Strupi (NHMW); 1 ex., "Carinthia" (NHMW). Locality not specified: 1 ex., " Oestreich [sic]" (DEI).</p> <p>Slovenia: 2 ex., "Wochein", leg. Moczarski (NHMW); 1 ex., Postojna, Trakova dolina, 23.VIII.1958, leg. Mandl (NHMW).</p> <p>Croatia: 1 ex., N Rovinj, Canal di Leme, 21.-28.IV.1921, leg. Moczarski &amp; Scheerpeltz (NHMW); 1 ex., Plitvica (DEI); 1 ex., Plitvica, leg. Strupi (cZan); 1 ex., Otočac (ZMH); 1 ex., Mljet island, leg. Moczarski (NHMW); 1 ex., Split road to Malaćka, 4.5 NW Kaštela, 300 m, 5.VI.2006, leg. Schuh (cAss); 1 ex., locality not specified (NHMW).</p> <p>Romania: 3 exs., Baile Herculane, leg. Breit, Ganglbauer, Hilf (DEI, NHMW); 1 ex., Cocos Monastry near Niculitel [approx. 45°09'N, 28°27'E], leg. Breit (NHMW); 1 ex., Mehadia, leg. v. Bodemeyer (NHMW).</p> <p>Bosnia-Herzegovina: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.2/lat 44.116665)">Kraljevska Sutjesca</a> [44°07'N, 18°12'E], 300-600 m, car-net, 15.V.1990, leg. Wunderle (cWun); 1 ex., Bjelasnica planina, leg. Leonhard (DEI); 1 ex., Bjelasnica planina, peak region (DEI); 1 ex., locality illegible, 1000 m, 26.VI.1891, leg. Leonhard (DEI).</p> <p>Yugoslavia: 1 ex., E-Serbia, Rtanj planina, leg. Breit (NHMW); 1 ex., Tara planina, S Perućac, 500 m, 22.V.1984, leg. Besuchet (MHNG).</p> <p>Montenegro: 1 ex., Col Crkvine, 1000 m, 22.V.1984, leg. Besuchet (MHNG).</p> <p>Bulgaria: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.583334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.583334/lat 41.4)">Ali Botusch</a>, near Goleshovo, 41°24'N, 23°35'E, 1015 m, beech forest, 15.VI.1997, leg. Behne (DEI).</p> <p>Greece: mainland: 1 ex., Ipiros, 11 km S Konitsa, 400-450 m, 30.IV.1973, leg. Löbl (MHNG); 1 ex., Thessalia, Larissa, Oros Ossa, above <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.4/lat 39.85)">Stomio</a>, 39°51'N, 22°24'E, 500 m, mixed deciduous forest, 5.IV.2001, leg. Zerche &amp; Behne (DEI); 1 ex., Thessalia, Larissa, Oros Ossa, above <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.716667/lat 39.85)">Stomio</a>, 39°51'N, 22°43'E, 700 m, oak and fir forest, 5.IV.2001, leg. Zerche &amp; Behne (cAss). Zakinthos: 1 ex., Katastarion, 23.IV.1971, leg. Hauser (cB). Corfu: 1 ex., Val di Ropa, 1905, leg. Leonhard (DEI); 1 ex., Mathias, leg. Winkler (NHMW); 1 ex., locality not specified, leg. Winkler (NHMW); 1 ex., locality illegible (DEI).</p> <p>Turkey: Istanbul: 2 exs., Istanbut-Sile, Taşdelen forest, 28.V.1967, leg. Besuchet (MHNG, cAss).</p> <p>Zonguldak: 1 ex., 17 km N Safranbolu, 1000 m, 16.V.1976, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (MHNG). Sinop: 1 ex., Çangal Dağı, 7.–15.VI.1960, leg. Schubert (NHMW); 2 exs., Çangal Dağı, 16.-26.V.1957, leg. Schubert (NHMW, cAss). Antalya: 1 ex., Antalya env., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.466667/lat 36.983334)">Termessos</a>, 36°59'N, 30°28'E, 700-850 m, 21.IV.2001, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss); 1 ex., valley SE <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.483334/lat 36.95)">Termessos</a>, 36°57'N, 30°29'E, 300 m, 22.IV.2001, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss). Isparta: 1 ex., Eğridir-Çandır, 950 m, 6.V.1975, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (MHNG).</p> <p>Konya: 1 ex., Beyşehir env., Yeşildağ, swept from vegetation, 14.V.2000, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss).</p> <p>Mersin: 1 ex., Anamur env., 10 m, swept from vegetation, 16.V.2000, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss).</p> <p>Kahramanmaraş: 1 , ca. 35 km SW Kahramanmaraş, Doluca, 37°22'N, 36°40'E, 1280 m, 27.IV.2004, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.116665/lat 36.016666)">Antakya</a>: 2 exs., NW Teknepinar, Kızıldağ, 36°11'N, 35°59'E, 28.IV.2002, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss); 1 ex., 22 km S Antakya, S Şenköy, 36°01'N, 36°07'E, 940 m, oak, beech, and laurel shrubs, sifted, 2.IV.2004, leg. Schülke (cSch).</p> <p>Israel: 1 ex., Galilee, Mt. Meron, 900 m, 21.IV.1982, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (MHNG); 1 ex., coast, Mt. Carmel, 500 m, 17.IV.1982, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (MHNG).</p> <p>Locality not specified or illegible: 7 exs. (DEI, NHMW); 3 exs., "Sondlig" [?] (MNHUB); 1 ex., "Carvini" [?] (MNHUB).</p> <p>Redescription:</p> <p>3.1-4.2 mm (abdomen fully extended); RL: 1.2-1.7 mm. Coloration variabel; usual coloration: head dark brown to blackish; pronotum reddish to reddish brown; elytra yellowish to reddish yellow; abdomen reddish, with most of tergite VI, the anterior half of tergite VII, and sometimes also the middle of tergites III-V infuscate; legs yellowish; antennae rufous.</p> <p>Head approximately as wide as long (HW/HL: usually 0.93-1.02; exceptionally up to 1.08); microsculpture pronounced and composed of isodiametric meshes; puncturation variable, very fine and barely noticeable to moderately coarse and distinct (Fig. 1). Eyes of moderate size (Fig. 2) and usually weakly projecting from lateral contours of head, slightly shorter than postocular region in dorsal view; EyL/PoL: 0.50-0.68. Postgenal carina fine and short, visible only posteriorly in lateral view. Antenna distinctly incrassate apically; antennomere III distinctly shorter than II, coniform, approximately 1.5 times as long as wide; IV-X of gradually increasing width and strongly transverse, approximately 3 times as wide as long (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Pronotum usually weakly transverse (PW/PL: 1.00-1.10); microsculpture similar to that of head (Fig. 1); puncturation similar to - and as variable as - that of head; along midline with or without very fine furrow; pubescence in midline directed caucad, occasionally cephalad in anterior 1/6-1/4.</p> <p>Elytra usually approximately as long as pronotum (Fig. 1), more rarely somewhat shorter (EL/PL: 0.78-1.04); puncturation very fine; microsculpture present, but much shallower than that of head and pronotum. Hind wings apparently fully developed.</p> <p>Abdomen subparallel; tergite IV without anterior impression; puncturation extremely fine and very sparse; microsculpture present everywhere, but shallow, composed of transverse meshes on anterior tergites and of isodiametric meshes on tergite VII; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; posterior margin of tergite VIII distinctly convex in both sexes; tergites VII and VIII without apparent sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>: tergite VIII and sternite VIII as in Figs 3-4; median lobe of aedeagus rather small, ML: 0.30-0.35 mm; ventral process weakly curved in lateral view and not conspicuously acute apically (Figs 10-18).</p> <p>: spermatheca as in Figs 5-9.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation:</p> <p>Coloration and virtually all morphological characters, especially size, puncturation, and the shape of the pronotum are subject to considerable intraspecific variation. Specimens seen from Turkey and Israel are on average smaller and more slender (especially the pronotum), and their aedeagus</p> <p>is on average slightly smaller, but of similar shape. For illustrations of the variation of the primary sexual characters see Figs 5-18.</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>Based on the revised material, the A. rufotestacea is widespread in the south of the Western Palaearctic region, its distribution including North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia), the Baleares, France, England, Central Europe, Italy, southeastern Europe, and the eastern Mediterranean (Turkey, Israel) (Map 1). Since the species was previously confounded with A. elegantula, all literature records require confirmation. This also applies to records from Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, Norway) (see e. g. LUNDBERG 1995; SÖRENSSON 1981). There is little doubt that records from Hungary (e. g. ÁDÁM 1996) refer to this species. The recent record from Lesbos (ASSING 2005) refers to A. libanotica.</p> <p>The species has been collected in a wide range of forested (mixed forests) and unforested habitats, especially grassland, from near sea-level to 1800 m, with pitfall traps, car-nets, sweep-nets, and by sifting leaf litter; it has also been found in moss and in nests of ants (Lasius fuliginosus, Formica " rufa "). In northern Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen), it is almost exclusively confined to unforested xerothermous biotopes (calcareous grasslands). The true reproduction habitat is unknown and probably cryptic, as can be inferred from the fact that, with very few exceptions, only single specimens have been collected during the dispersal period.</p> <p>The vast majority of specimens were recorded during the period from April through June, in the Mediterranean on average slightly earlier (April-May) than in Central Europe (May-June). Almost all the records of flying specimens or of specimens evidently preparing for flight (car-net, sweep-net) are in this period. However, on one occasion, flying specimens were also observed in February (Mallorca; 9 specimens). Teneral adults have been collected in July and November (Fig. 19).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E853FFD10DDEFBDEDE76136E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E85AFFD00C62FE10DECD1464.text	03A50879E85AFFD00C62FE10DECD1464.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Alevonota) elegantula (BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE 1863)	<div><p>Alevonota (Alevonota) elegantula (BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, 1863), revalidated (Figs 20-29, Map 2)</p> <p>Homalota elegantula BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE 1863: 23 f.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Syntype : " S. Germain / elegantula" (MNHNP).</p> <p>Comments:</p> <p>The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from "Forêt de Saint- Germain" (BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE 1863). The name remained valid until FAUVEL (1895, 1897, 1902) placed both A. elegantula and A. rufotestacea in the synonymy of A. atricapilla (MULSANT &amp; REY, 1852), which was later discovered to represent a junior primary homonym. REITTER (1909) and BERNHAUER &amp; SCHEERPELTZ (1926) synonymised both A. atricapilla and A. elegantula with A. rufotestacea; this synonymy has remained unquestioned ever since (SMETANA 2004). The present revision of the type and additional material, however, revealed that A. elegantula represents a distinct species, so that the name is here revalidated.</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>Spain: Aragón: 1 ex., 20 km SE Teruel, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.95/lat 40.216667)">La Puebla de Valverde</a>, 40°13'N, 00°57'W, 1100 m, sifted, 14.IV.2003, leg. Assing (cAss). Valencia: 1 ex., Alicante, Sierra d'Aitana, NW <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.33333334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.33333334/lat 38.65)">Sella</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.33333334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.33333334/lat 38.65)">Port de Tudons</a>, 38°39'N, 00°20'W, 1030 m, sifted, 28.III.2007, leg. Assing (cAss). Andalucía: 1 ex., Córdoba, Posadas, 18.IV.1925 (NHMW); 1 ex., Granada, Puerto de la Ragna, 2000-2100 m, 14.V.1960, leg. Besuchet (MHNG). Locality not specified: 1 ex., " Castilien ", 9.IV.1887, leg. Korb (NHMW).</p> <p>France: Bretagne: 1 ex., Morlaix (DEI); 1 ex., Morlaix, leg. Hervé (NHMW). Île-de-France: 1 ex., Paris, leg. Fauvel (NHMW).</p> <p>Italy: Lazio: A , Lago di Bracciano, Monti Sabatini, Monte Guerrano, 500 m, 7.V.1998, leg. Wolf (cSch).</p> <p>Germany: Nordrhein-Westfalen: 1 ex., Köln-Flittard, 15.V.1979, leg. Boness (cRen); 7 exs., Hürth, car-net, 1.V.1989, leg. Köhler, Wunderle (cWun); 14 exs., Köln env., Brühl, Staatsforst Ville, car-net, 3.V.1989, leg. Köhler (cKöh, cAss); 2 exs., same data, but 24.IV.1989 (cKöh, cAss); 1 ex., same data, but 2.V.1989 (cKöh); 1 ex., same data, but 18.V.1989 (cKöh); 1 ex., same data, but 11.VI.1989 (cKöh); 2 exs., same data, but 14.VI.1989 (cKöh); 1 ex., same data, but 29.VI.1989 (cKöh); 1 ex., Haustenbeck, Senne, 2.V.1995, leg. Renner (cRen). Hessen: 1 ex., Fulda, Blankenau, car-net, 1.V.1988, leg. Wunderle (cWun). Niedersachsen: 1 ex., Hannover, Eilenriede, car-net, 11.IV.1991, leg. Assing (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but 29.V.1991 (cAss); 1 ex., Nienburg, Lichtenmoor, car-net, 4.V.2006, leg. Lompe (cAss). Brandenburg: 1 ex., Spreewald, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.15/lat 51.816666)">Burg</a> [51°49'N, 14°09'E], window trap, 20.IV.-6.V.2000, leg. Pütz (cAss).</p> <p>Poland: 1 ex., Legnica ["Liegnitz"], leg. Letzner (DEI).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>For a colour image of the habitus see the photo of " A. rufotestacea " in TRONQUET (2006). In external appearance similar to A. rufotestacea, also rather variable, but distinguished as follows:</p> <p>Size on average larger, 3.5-4.4 mm (abdomen extended); RL: 1.4-1.9 mm. Coloration on average darker; pronotum usually brown to dark brown; antennae often dark reddish to dark reddish brown; abdomen often almost completely dark.</p> <p>Forebody as in Fig. 20. Head usually weakly transverse, HW/HL: 1.00-1.07; puncturation on average more distinct (Fig. 21). Eyes larger and more prominent, approximately as long as postocular region in dorsal view; EyL/PoL: 0.68-0.85 (Fig. 22).</p> <p>Pronotum on average more transverse, PW/PL: 1.07-1.13; puncturation denser and usually distinct; midline with more pronounced furrow (Fig. 21).</p> <p>Elytra usually slightly longer than pronotum, EL/PL: 1.00-1.08 (Fig. 20).</p> <p>: median lobe of aedeagus larger, ML: 0.36-0.41 mm; ventral process more strongly curved and with more acute apex in lateral view (Figs 25-27).</p> <p>: tergite VIII (Fig. 23), sternite VIII (Fig. 24), and spermatheca (Figs 28-29) of similar shape as in A. rufotestacea.</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>Alevonota elegantula has become known from Spain, France, Germany, and Poland, suggesting an expansive Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution (Map 2). The record from Lazio (Italy) should be considered tentative, since it is based only on a female. The records of A. rufotestacea from the Pyrenées-Orientales by TRONQUET (2006) apparently refer to A. elegantula, as can be inferred from the photograph on plate 19.</p> <p>Except for two sifted specimens from Spain, all the recently collected specimens were recorded on the wing with car-nets and a window-trap, almost exclusively in forests. The highest record is from 2000-2100 m. The reproduction habitat is unknown. All the known specimens were collected end of March (1 specimen /1 record), April (6/5), May (35/12), and June (4/3), evidently the dispersal period of this species.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E85AFFD00C62FE10DECD1464	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E85DFFD40DDEFF21DE3F1085.text	03A50879E85DFFD40DDEFF21DE3F1085.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Alevonota) libanotica (FAGEL 1965)	<div><p>Alevonota (Alevonota) libanotica (FAGEL, 1965) (Figs 30-39, Map 2)</p> <p>Aleuonota libanotica FAGEL 1965: 261 ff.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Holotype : " Liban: Kartaba, 1200-1400 m, 117, V.1964, G. Fagel / G. Fagel det. Aleuonota libanotica n. sp. / Type / R. I. Sc. N. B., I. G. 24885 / Alevonota libanotica (Fagel) det. V. Assing 2007 " (IRSNB).</p> <p>Comment:</p> <p>The original description is based on a single holotype female from " Liban: Kartaba (vallée du Nahr Ibrahim), 1300 m " (FAGEL 1965).</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>Bulgaria: A , Eminska planina, Vlas, 13.V.1987, leg. Behne &amp; Heinig (DEI).</p> <p>Greece: Lesbos: A , <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.283333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.283333/lat 39.366665)">Lepetimnos</a>, 39°22'N, 26°17'E, 300 m, 31.III.2005, leg. Lompe &amp; Meybohm (cAss).</p> <p>Turkey: Istanbul: 1  [nanistic specimen with slightly different aedeagus], <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.75/lat 41.25)">Belgrat Ormanı</a> [=Belgrader Wald; 41°15'N, 28°45'E], IV.1959, leg. Schubert (cAss). Izmir: 1 , <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.4/lat 38.4)">Nif Dağı</a>, 38°24'N, 27°24'E, 970 m, 24.IV.2006, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss). Antalya: 6 exs., E Kumluca, 36°22'N, 30°22'E, 385 m, litter of sycamore and laurel sifted, 3.IV.2002, leg. Assing, Wunderle (cAss, cWun); 1 ex., N Serik, Selge, 500 m, 16.III.1997, leg. Winkelmann (cSch); 1 ex., 10 km N Beskonak, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.216667/lat 37.216667)">Köprülü Kanyon</a>, 37°13'N; 31°13'E, 265 m, dry slope, dry litter sifted, 23.III.2002, leg. Rose (cRos). Isparta: 1 ex., S Eğridir, Kovada Gölü env., 12.IV.1984, leg. Brachat (cAss); 11 exs., Eğridir-Çandır, 950 m, 6.V.1975, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (MHNG).</p> <p>Konya: 5 exs., 18 km SE Beyşehir, 1200 m, 7.V.1978, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (MHNG); 1 ex., Akşehir env., 25.IV.1960, leg. Ressl &amp; Petrowitz (NHMW). Mersin: 4 exs., road to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.533333/lat 36.916668)">Arslanköy</a>, 5 km SE Aladağ, 36°55'N, 34°32'E, 700 m, 2.V.2004, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss); 2 exs., same data, but 36°56'N, 34°30'E, 830 m, leg. Besuchet (cAss); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.133335/lat 36.733334)">Güzeloluk-Erdemli</a>, S Aydinlar, 36°44'N, 34°08'E, 1380 m, 4.V.2004, leg. Besuchet (cAss); 3 exs., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.616665/lat 37.1)">Çamlıyayla-Gözne</a>, 37°06'N, 34°37'E, 570-610 m, 25.IV.2005, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss). Adana: 1 ex., Kozan-Feke, 27 km from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.85/lat 37.683334)">Kozan</a>, 37°41'N, 35°51'E, 775 m, 25.IV.2007, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss); 1 ex., Tekir, 1000 m, 30.IV.1978, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (MHNG). Osmaniye: 1 ex., E Osmaniye, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.4/lat 37.066666)">Yarpuz</a>, 37°04'N, 36°24'E, 920 m, 30.IV.2004, leg. Assing (cAss).</p> <p>Kahramanmaraş: 1 ex., Ahır Dağı, 10 km WNW Kahramanmaraş, 37°39'N, 36°50'E, 815 m, 11.IV.2005, leg. Assing (cAss); 1 ex., Cimen Dağı, Büyüksir, 37°29'N, 36°39'E, 1020 m, 1.V.2007, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss); 4 exs., 25 km SW Kahramanmaraş, Yeşilyöre, 37°26'N, 36°45'N, 800 m, 23.IV.2007, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss); 1 ex., Başkonuş Yaylası, 37°34'N, 36°34'E, 1270 m, 28.IV.2004, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.116665/lat 36.033333)">Antakya</a>: 1 ex., 19 km S Antakya, SW Şenköy, 36°02'N, 36°07'E, 880 m, pasture, sifted, 5.IV.2004, leg. Schülke (cSch). Gaziantep: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.083332/lat 37.166668)">Kartal Dağı</a>, 37°11'N, 37°08'E, 1070 m, 9.IV.2004, leg. Assing (cAss); 2 exs., Kartal Dağı, W Yamacoba, 37°10'N, 37°05'E, 1200 m, 25.IV.2004, leg. Besuchet, Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss). Bitlis: 3 exs., Tatvan, 1800 m, V.1976, leg. Schubert (cAss); 2 exs., S Tatvan, 1700-2000 m, 21.V.-18.VI.1973, leg. Schubert (NHMW, cAss).</p> <p>Israel: 6 exs., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.366665/lat 33.0)">Galilee</a>, Mount Meron, Hurfeish, 33°00'N, 35°22'E, 22.II.2005, leg. Starke (cFel, cAss); 2 exs., Golan, Mt. Hermon, 1600 m, 23.IV.1982, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (MHNG, cAss); 1 ex., ' <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.233334/lat 33.0)">En Ya‘aqov</a> [33°00'N, 35°14'E], 23.III.2006, leg. Shtirberg (TAU).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>3.0- 4.2 mm (abdomen extended); RL: 1.4-1.7 mm. In external appearance similar to A. rufotestacea (Fig. 30), also rather variable, but distinguished as follows:</p> <p>Coloration usually similar to that of A. rufotestacea, but pronotum occasionally darker.</p> <p>Head transverse, HW/HL: 1.07-1.13; puncturation on average more distinct; surface often (but not always!) with shallower microsculpture and more shine. Eyes larger and clearly more prominent (Fig. 31), usually longer than postocular region in dorsal view; EyL/PoL: 0.75-0.90 (Fig. 32).</p> <p>Pronotum more transverse, PW/PL: 1.13-1.25; puncturation usually distinct; surface often (but not always!) with shallower microsculpture and more shine; midline with or without fine shallow furrow (Fig. 31).</p> <p>Elytra slightly longer than pronotum, EL/PL: 1.02-1.08 (Fig. 30).</p> <p>: median lobe of aedeagus larger, ML: 0.36-0.39 mm; ventral process more strongly curved and with more acute apex in lateral view (Figs 33-36).</p> <p>: spermatheca of similar shape as in A. rufotestacea (Figs 37-39).</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>The distribution of this Eastern Mediterranean species ranges from Lesbos and Bulgaria in the west and northwest to Israel in the southeast (Map 2).</p> <p>As far as is known, the material examined was sifted from leaf litter in various biotopes. The fact that the species was collected in larger numbers on various occasions suggests that its ecology may be somewhat different from that of the preceding species. The upper end of the altitude range is at nearly 2000 m. The species was collected during the period from late winter through spring: February (8 specimens /1 record); March (3/3); April (28/16); May (31/10). Two of the specimens from Bitlis may also have been collected in early June, but the date range is rather inexact (21.V.-18.VI.).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E85DFFD40DDEFF21DE3F1085	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E85FFFD40DDEFD43DC821429.text	03A50879E85FFFD40DDEFD43DC821429.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Alevonota) cretica Wunderle 2008	<div><p>Alevonota (Alevonota) cretica sp. n. (Figs 40-45, Map 1)</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>Holotype : "N35°11' E025°31', GR Kreta Lassithi, Selia Afhin 1000 m, Meybohm 10.3.2001 / Holotypus  Alevonota cretica sp. n. det. V. Assing 2007 " (cAss). Paratypes: 1 , 1 : "GR Ostkreta, Nordhang Katharo-Ebene, ca. 1200 m, Meybohm 15.4.2000 " (cAss).</p> <p>Description:</p> <p>3.4-3.7 mm (abdomen extended); RL: 1.4-1.6 mm. Coloration as in A. rufotestacea.</p> <p>Head as in A. rufotestacea, but more transverse, HW/HL: 1.08-1.13; puncturation more distinct and microreticulation shallower than in average A. rufotestacea. Eyes larger and clearly more prominent (Fig. 41), approximately as long as postocular region in dorsal view; EyL/PoL: 0.80-0.90 (Fig. 42).</p> <p>Pronotum more transverse, PW/PL: ca.1.10; puncturation usually distinct; surface with shallower microsculpture and more shine than in average A. rufotestacea; midline with very shallow, almost obsolete furrow (Fig. 41).</p> <p>Elytra slightly longer than pronotum, EL/PL: 1.03-1.12 (Fig. 40).</p> <p>: median lobe of aedeagus slightly larger than in average A. rufotestacea, ML: 0.33-0.36 mm; ventral process more strongly curved in lateral view (Figs 43-44).</p> <p>: spermatheca of similar shape as in A. rufotestacea (Fig. 45).</p> <p>Etymology: The name (Latin, adjective) is derived from Crete, where the species was discovered.</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>The species is apparently endemic to Crete (Map 1). The type specimens were collected in March and April at altitudes of 1000 and 1200 m. Additional bionomic data are not available.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E85FFFD40DDEFD43DC821429	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E840FFCA0C62FA3DDE4311ED.text	03A50879E840FFCA0C62FA3DDE4311ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Alevonota) vitalei (Bernhauer 1932)	<div><p>Alevonota (Alevonota) vitalei (BERNHAUER, 1932) (Figs 64-68)</p> <p>Aleuonota vitalei BERNHAUER, 1932: 238 f.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Lectotype  [damaged, both antennae missing], here designated: “ Sizilien, 30.1.10, P. Empedocle, Vitale / aurantiaca det. Bernh. / Elytris brevibus / Aleuonota Vitalei Brh. Typus / Chicago NHMus.</p> <p>M.Bernhauer Coll. / Lectotypus  Aleuonota vitalei Bernhauer desig. V. Assing 2007 / Alevonota vitalei (Bernhauer) det. V. Assing 2007 ” (FMNH).</p> <p>Comment:</p> <p>The original description is based on at least two syntypes - both sexes are described - from “Sizilien: Porto Empedocle” collected by F. Vitale (BERNHAUER 1932). The above male from the Bernhauer collection is here designated as the lectotype. In external morphology, it is indistinguishable from the females seen from Israel (see below).</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>Israel: 1 , Galilee, Mt. Meron, 900 m, 21.IV.1982, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (MHNG); 1 , coast, Mt. Carmel, 500 m, 17.IV.1982, leg. Besuchet &amp; Löbl (cAss).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>3.0- 3.2 mm (abdomen extended); RL: 1.3-1.4 mm. In external morphology (Figs 64-65) and sexual characters highly similar to small specimens of A. rufotestacea, but distinguished as follows:</p> <p>Abdominal tergite VI with distinct anterior transverse impression, this impression almost as deep as those of tergites III-V.</p> <p>: aedeagus with ventral process more strongly bent and apically more acute in ventral view (Fig. 66); ML: 0.30 mm.</p> <p>: spermatheca of similar shape as that of A. rufotestacea (Figs 67-68).</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>The species is known only from Sicily and Israel. However, the records from Israel are based only on females and require confirmation. The types and additional specimens were collected in January and April.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E840FFCA0C62FA3DDE4311ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E841FFC90DDEFBA4DC0E1116.text	03A50879E841FFC90DDEFBA4DC0E1116.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Alevonota) crypticola (Pace 1977)	<div><p>Alevonota (Alevonota) crypticola (PACE, 1977)</p> <p>Aleuonota crypticola PACE, 1977: 171 ff.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Holotype : “ Lazio, M. Lepini, 25-VI-1975, leg. R. Pace / Holotypus Aleuonota crypticola m., det. R. Pace 1976 / Alevonota crypticola (Pace) det. V. Assing 2008” (MCSNV).</p> <p>Comment:</p> <p>The original description is based on a female holotype and a female paratype from “Monti Lepini... presso Carpineto Romano” (PACE 1977).</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>Italy, Basilicata: 1 ex., [locality illegible], Solari, leg. Fiori (MNHUB).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>Of similar size as a small specimen of A. rufotestacea. Coloration reddish, with the elytra and the legs reddish yellow.</p> <p>Head approximately as wide as long and of ovoid shape; posterior angles weakly pronounced. Puncturation extremely sparse and very fine, barely noticeable; surface with pronounced microreticulation. Eyes not projecting from lateral contours of head and very small, approximately as large as antennomere II in cross-section, composed of less than 10 ommatidia without pigmentation. Antennae of similar morphology as in A. rufotestacea, but slightly longer and with slightly less transverse antennomeres IV-X.</p> <p>Pronotum slightly wider than head (PW/HW: 1.15) and weakly transverse (PW/PL: ca. 1.05); puncturation and microsculpture similar to those of head.</p> <p>Elytra somewhat shorter than pronotum (EL/PL: ca. 0.75); puncturation fine and ill-defined; microsculpture less pronounced than that of head and pronotum. Hind wings reduced.</p> <p>Abdomen with posterior tergites with very sparse fine puncturation; anterior tergites with less sparse puncturation; microsculpure shallow, but distinct, composed predominantly of isodiametric meshes; tergite VII without sexual dimorphism; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe.</p> <p>: ML: 0.32 mm.</p> <p>: spermatheca of similar shape as that of A. rufotestacea; for an illustration see the figure in PACE (1977).</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>The species was described from the Monti Lepini in Lazio (Italy) and is here reported from Basilicata, suggesting that it may be more widespread in southern Italy. The adaptive reductions of the eyes, wings, and pigmentation suggest an endogean habitat.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E841FFC90DDEFBA4DC0E1116	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E842FFCD0C62FCD1DE771436.text	03A50879E842FFCD0C62FCD1DE771436.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Alevonota) egregia (Rye 1876)	<div><p>Alevonota (Alevonota) egregia (RYE, 1876) (Figs 46-49, Map 3)</p> <p>Homalota egregia RYE, 1876: 176.</p> <p>Aleuonota egregia (RYE): BENICK &amp; LOHSE (1974).</p> <p>Aleuonota aurantiaca (FAUVEL): BENICK &amp; LOHSE (1974); misidentification.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Holotype : “Caterham, Surrey, G. C. C. / 68-73 (June) [overleaf] / egregia Rye, type / Holotype / Holotype Homalota egregia Rye, 1876; 176, det. R. G. Booth 2007 / Alevonota egregia (Rye) det. V. Assing 2007 ” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment:</p> <p>The original description is based on a single specimen from "Caterham" collected by"evening sweeping in June, 1873" (RYE 1876).</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>France: Nord-Pas-de-Calais: 1 ex., Lille, leg. Desbroch (DEI). Locality not specified: 1 ex., "Frankreich" (DEI).</p> <p>Switzerland: Bern: 1 ex., Burgdorf, 5.V.1978, leg. Kiener (MHNG).</p> <p>Germany: Nordrhein-Westfalen: 2 exs., Bielefeld, Teutoburger Wald, Hünenburg, car-net, 13.V. 2001, leg. Renner (cFel); 1 ex., Teutoburger Wald, 24.V.1987, leg. Renner (cWun); 1 ex., Teutoburger Wald, Werther-Isingdorf, car-net, 29.IV.1994, leg. Renner (cAss); 1 ex., Bielefeld, 2.VI.1984, leg. Renner (cWun); 2 exs., Düren, Gürzenich-Schevenhütte, car-net, 26.V.1989, leg. Wunderle (cWun); 1 ex., Hürth, car-net, 17.V.1989, leg. Wunderle (cWun); 1 ex., Wuppertal, "Burgholz", 1.VI.1979, leg. Kolbe (cWun); 1 ex., Brühl near Köln, Staatsforst Ville, 9.V.1981, leg. Köhler (cWun); 3 exs., same data, but 3.V.1989 (cWun, cAss); 1 ex., Porta Westfalica, Wittekindsberg, window-trap, VI.1992, leg. Borcherding (cAss). Hessen: 1 ex., Dautphe-Buchenau, Katzenbachtal, car-net, 9.V.1988, leg. Wunderle (cWun).</p> <p>Bayern: 1 ex., Regensburg, Kallmünz env., Schwaighauser Forst, car-net, 30.V.1998, leg. Renner (cRen).</p> <p>Sachsen-Anhalt: 1 ex., Uftrungen, Reesberg cave, 17.VII.1988, leg. Hennicke (cHen). Sachsen: 1 ex., "Saxon.", leg. Märkel (DEI).</p> <p>Italy: Trentino-Alto Adige: 1 ex., E Trento, N Roncegno, 700-1600 m, car-net, 26.VI.1995, leg. Assing (cAss). Piemonte: 1 ex., Rima San Guiseppe (NHMW); 1 ex., Terme di Valdieri (NHMW). Veneto: 2 exs., Alpi Lessini, Piano della Fugazza (NHMW); 1 ex., Cansiglio (NHMW). Basilicata: 1 ex., Casteluccio, T. Pesciera, 850 m, 28.V.2002, leg. Kapp (cKap).</p> <p>Austria: Vorarlberg: 3 exs., Stanzach / Lech, car-net, 24.V.1995, leg. Renner (cAss, cWun); 1 ex., same data, but 28.V.1995 (cAss). Tirol: 1 ex., locality not specified (NHMW). Oberösterreich: 1 ex., Windischgarsten, leg. Skalitzky (NHMW). Niederösterreich / Wien: 1 ex., Wienerwald, Rekawinkel, leg. Skalitzky (NHMW); 1 ex., Rekawinkel, 10.VI.1901, leg. Pinker (NHMW); 2 exs., Baden (NHMW); 1 ex., S Wiener Neustadt, Bucklige Welt, leg. Mader (NHMW). Steiermark: 1 ex., Wies env. (NHMW); 1 ex., Soboth (NHMW); 1 ex., locality not specified (NHMW). Kärnten: 1 ex., Karawanken, locality illegible, 7.VII.1991, leg Gräf (cWun); 2 exs., locality not specified (MHNG, NHMW). Burgenland: 1 ex., Neusiedlersee (NHMW).</p> <p>Hungary: 1 ex., Balatonfüred, Ajka, Bakony forest, car-net, 25.V.1999, leg. Renner (cFel).</p> <p>Romania: 1 ex., SE Caransebeş, Munţii Ţarcului [" <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.466667/lat 45.283333)">Mt. Sarco</a> ", 45°17'N, 22°28'E], leg. Breit (NHMW); 1 ex., Braşov, leg. Hopffgarten (NHMW).</p> <p>Greece: 1 ex., Flórina, WNW Flórina, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.25/lat 40.816666)">Oros Varnous</a>, 40°49'N, 21°15'E, 1810 m, N-slope below snowfield, grass sifted, 23.V.2005, leg. Assing (cAss); 1 ex., Grevena, Smolikas, SW Smixi, 1450 m, 18.VI.2002, leg. Brachat (cAss); 2 exs., Thessalia, Pelion (NHMW, cAss).</p> <p>Turkey: Sakarya: 2 exs., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.266666/lat 40.683334)">Sapanca</a> ["Sabanca", 40°41'N, 30°16'E], V.1962, leg. Schubert (NHMW, cAss).</p> <p>Locality not specified or not idientified: 1 ex., " Jugoslawien, Firžine [?]", VII.1969 (NHMW); 2 exs. (DEI).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>2.8-3.6 mm; RL: 1.3-1.6 mm. Coloration moderately variable; usual coloration: head, abdominal segment VI, and anterior half of segment VII dark brown to blackish; pronotum reddish brown to dark brown; elytra yellowish brown; abdominal segments III-V and abdominal apex reddish brown; leg yellowish; antennae yellowish brown to reddish brown.</p> <p>Head weakly transverse (HW/HL: 1.02-1.08); puncturation very fine and sparse, barely noticeable in the pronounced microreticulation. Eyes rather large and prominent, slightly longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Postgenal carina fine and short, visible only posteriorly in lateral view. Antenna rather slender; antennomere III approximately twice as long as wide; IV weakly transverse, usually less than 1.5 times as wide as long; V-IX increasingly transverse and of gradually increasing in width; IX and X approximately twice as wide as long or nearly so.</p> <p>Pronotum slightly wider than head (PW/HW: 1.09-1.15) and weakly transverse (PW/PL: ca. 1.10); puncturation and microsculpture similar to those of head, occasionally puncturation more distinct.</p> <p>Elytra slightly longer than pronotum (EL/PL: 1.04-1.12); puncturation usually as fine as that of head and pronotum; microsculpture as pronounced as that of head and pronotum or even coarser. Hind wings fully developed.</p> <p>Abdomen subparallel; tergite IV with or without shallow anterior impression; puncturation sparse; microsculpture distinct, that of tergites III-VI composed of isodiametric meshes, that of tergite VII of weakly transverse meshes; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; tergites VII and VIII with sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>: tergite VII with pair of oblong tubercles near posterior margin; tergite VIII posteriorly produced and more or less truncate in the middle; sternite VIII convex posteriorly, median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 46-47 (ML: 0.32-0.34 mm).</p> <p>: tergite VIII convex posteriorly; posterior margin of sternite VIII more weakly convex than in , in the middle truncate to weakly concave; spermatheca as in Figs 48-49.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation:</p> <p>The species is subject to some variation in size, coloration, and especially the puncturation of the pronotum (more distinct in specimens from Greece) and the microsculpture of the pronotum.</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>The available data suggest a distribution of the Ponto-Mediterranean type. It ranges from northwestern Turkey and southern Greece in the southeast to western France and the south of the British Isles in the west and northwest (Map 3). The species is unknown from Scandinavia (LUNDBERG 1995; SMETANA 2004). The records from Spain by GAMARRA (1987) and GAMARRA &amp; OUTERELO (2005) are erroneous and evidently refer to a species of Atheta THOMSON, subgenus Microdota MULSANT &amp; REY, as can be inferred from the drawings of the genitalia provided by GAMARRA (1987). In Germany, A. egregia has been reported from most regions, but is apparently absent from the extreme north (material examined; KÖHLER &amp; KLAUSNITZER 1998). In Italy, it is known from the north and the south, including Sicily (material examined; ZANETTI 1995).</p> <p>Old literature records should be considered doubtful, since the species was confounded with A. gracilenta by various authors (e. g. WÖRNDLE 1950). For additional reliable records from France, Belgium, Central Europe, and northern Italy see BAUMANN &amp; KÖHLER (2000), BRUGE et al. (2007), KÖHLER (1996, 2000), KÖHLER &amp; STUMPF (1992), PEEZ &amp; KAHLEN (1977), RENNER (2001, 2005), TRONQUET (1972, 2006), and VOGEL (1982).</p> <p>Alevonota egregia is a species typically found on the wing. Most of the examined specimens were collected with car-nets, sweep-nets, and window-traps, usually in forested areas; the same is true of literature records (KIENER 1986; PEEZ &amp; KAHLEN 1977; RENNER 2005; RYE 1876; VOGEL 1982). On rare occasions, the species was found also by sifting moss, hazelnut litter, and grass roots near snow, once even in a cave (KRÁSA 1914; PEEZ &amp; KAHLEN 1977; material examined). The altitudes range from near sea-level to 1810 m. The true reproduction habitat of the species is unknown.</p> <p>The material examined was collected exclusively in spring and early summer, evidently the dispersal period of the species, with a clear maximum in May: April (1 specimens /1 record); May (22/15); June (6/6); July (3/3). Records from other seasons are unknown.</p> <p>Alevonota (Alevonota) laeviceps (BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, 1863) (Figs 50-51, Map 4)</p> <p>Homalota laeviceps BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, 1863: 23 f.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Syntype : " Aleuonota laeviceps, Collioure " (MNHNP).</p> <p>Comment:</p> <p>The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from "Collioure" (BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE 1863).</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>Gibraltar: 1 ex., "Gibraltar", leg. Walker (cAss).</p> <p>Portugal: 1 ex., Alvito (Beja), XII.1997, leg. Poot (cWun).</p> <p>France: Provence: 1 ex., Cannes, Canal de la Siagne, leg. St. Claire-Deville (NHMW).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>2.6-3.1 mm; RL: 1.2-1.5 mm. For a colour image of the habitus see the photo of A. egregia in TRONQUET (2006). In external appearance similar to A. egregia, but distinguished as follows:</p> <p>Antennae of darker average coloration, usually dark brown to blackish brown. Microsculpture of forebody shallow, less pronounced. Eyes less prominent, approximately as long as or slightly shorter than postocular region in dorsal view. Elytra apparently with weakly pronounced sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>Abdomen with transverse microsculpture; tergite IV with shallow anterior impression; tergites III-IV with weak, tergites VII-VIII with more pronounced sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>: elytra on either side of suture weakly elevated; tergites III and IV in the middle with weak, ill-defined, almost obsolete elevation; tergite VII at posterior margin with pronounced smooth median tubercle; tergite VIII and sternite VIII as in A. egregia; median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 50-51; ML: 0.30-0.33 mm.</p> <p>: not available for examination.</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>This apparently extremely rare species was previously known only from France and Spain (SMETANA 2004). It is here reported from Portugal and Gibraltar for the first time (Map 4). The records of A. egregia from the Pyrénées-Orientales and the Forêt de Marly by TRONQUET (1972, 2006) probably refer to this species, as can be inferred from the photograph in TRONQUET (2006). One of the examined specimens was collected in December. Additional bionomic data are not available.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E842FFCD0C62FCD1DE771436	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E847FFC10DDEFF21DDA516CF.text	03A50879E847FFC10DDEFF21DDA516CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Alevonota) kiesenwetteri (KRAATZ 1856)	<div><p>Alevonota (Alevonota) kiesenwetteri (KRAATZ, 1856) (Figs 52-56, Map 4)</p> <p>Homalota kiesenwetteri KRAATZ, 1856: 245 f.</p> <p>Aleuonota krausei SAINTE-CLAIRE DEVILLE: 517 f.; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>H. kiesenwetteri: Lectotype  [macropterous], here designated: "coll. Kraatz / Syntypus / Kiesenwetteri mihi, Graecia, v. Ksw. / Lectotypus  Homalota kiesenwetteri Kraatz desig. V. Assing 2007 / Alevonota kiesenwetteri (Kraatz) det. V. Assing 2007 " (DEI).</p> <p>Comments:</p> <p>The original description of H. kiesenwetteri is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from " Griechenland von Herrn v. Kiesenwetter aufgefunden" (KRAATZ 1856). The single syntype in the Kraatz collection at the DEI is here designated as the lectotype.</p> <p>Aleuonota krausei was described from four syntypes from Corsica (SAINTE-CLAIRE DEVILLE 1914). The types were not examined, but the material seen from Corsica is in good agreement with the details indicated in the original description, especially regarding the conspicuous male secondary sexual characters. There are some differences in coloration and size between the material from Corsica, Sardinia, and other regions, but since convincing differences were found neither in the male primary and especially in the conspicuous secondary sexual characters nor in the shape of the spermatheca, these differences are attributed to intra- rather than interspecific variation. Consequently, A. krausei is here placed in the synonymy of the senior name A. kiesenwetteri.</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>France: Corsica: 1 , 3  [macropterous], <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.183333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.183333/lat 42.133335)">Col de Sorba</a> [42°08'N, 09°11'E], 1300 m, pine litter, 10.IV.1990, leg. Wunderle (cWun, cAss).</p> <p>Italy: Toscana: 1  [macropterous], Alberese (GR), 1.IV.1988, leg. Cenzi (cZan); 1 , same data, but 1.V.1988 (cZan); 6 exs. [2 brachypterous], Monte Argentario, 400 m, sifted from leaves and roots, 22.III.1921, leg. Moczarski &amp; Scheerpeltz (NHMW, cAss). Lazio: 1  [brachypterous], Mte. Circeo, ca. 50 m, Quercus ilex forest, 29.XII.1994, leg. Assing (cAss). Sardinia: 1 , Monti del Gennargentu, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.3/lat 40.016666)">Brunco Spina</a>, 40°01'N, 09°18'E, 1650 m, bank of stream, Alnus viridis, 12.V.2005, leg. Hetzel (cFel); 1  [brachypterous], Sorgono, leg. Krause (NHMW).</p> <p>Greece: Kefallinia: A  [nanistic], Sámi, 2.IV.1971, leg. Löbl (MHNG).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>2.5-3.3 mm; RL: 1.0- 1.5 mm. Wing-dimorphic species. Coloration variable, in brachypterous morph usually paler than in macropterous morph: head and abdominal segments VI-VII/VIII dark brown to blackish; pronotum, elytra, and base of abdomen (segments III-V) usually distinctly paler, yellowish to brown, but occasionally as dark as head; legs with tibiae and tarsi yellowish to yellowish brown, femora usually slightly darker; antennae brown to blackish.</p> <p>Head weakly transverse (HW/HL: 1.05-1.15); puncturation rather coarse and sparse; interstices with shallow microsculpture and rather shiny. Eyes moderately large and moderately prominent, approximately as long as postocular region in dorsal view, occasionally shorter. Postgenal carina fine and short, visible only posteriorly in lateral view. Antenna with antennomere III approximately twice as long as wide; IV weakly transverse, approximately 1.5 times as wide as long; V-IX increasingly transverse and of gradually increasing width; IX and X approximately twice as wide as long or nearly so.</p> <p>Pronotum slightly wider than head (PW/HW: 1.08-1.20) and weakly transverse (PW/PL: 1.05-1.10); puncturation as coarse as that of head; interstices on average about as wide as diameter of punctures or narrower; surface with shallow to distinct microsculpture.</p> <p>Elytra in macropterous morph slightly longer than pronotum (EL/PL: 1.05-1.10), in brachypterous morph shorter ((EL/PL: 0.82-0.90); puncturation much finer than that of head and pronotum; interstices with or without very shallow microsculpture. Hind wings fully developed.</p> <p>Abdomen subparallel; tergite IV usually without, exceptionally with very shallow anterior impression; puncturation sparse, that of posterior tergites extremely sparse; interstices with distinct transverse microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with narrow palisade fringe; tergites III, IV, and VII with sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>: tergites III and IV with pronounced smooth median tubercles; tergite VII with pair of oblong tubercles near posterior margin; sternite VIII obtusely pointed in the middle; median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 52-54 (ML: 0.28-0.38 mm).</p> <p>: posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly concave in the middle; spermatheca with relatively long duct (Figs 55-56).</p> <p>Intraspecific variation:</p> <p>The species is subject to pronounced intraspecific variation of size (also of the aedeagus), coloration, wing length, and microsculpture. The male from Kefallinia is distinctly smaller and has a smaller aedeagus than the material from other localities. The two specimens seen from Toscana, on the other hand are somewhat larger (Figs 52-54). However, since no convincing differences were found in the shape of the aedeagus and in the male secondary sexual characters, the above material is regarded as conspecific.</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>The species is apparenty very rare and known from Corsica, Italy (including Sardinia), and Greece (material examined) (Map 4). Owing to the previous confusion (synonymy) with A. ocaloides, most literature records are doubtful. The record from La Massane in the Pyrénées-Orientales by TRONQUET (2006) refers to A. ocaloides, as can be inferred from the photograph on plate 19.</p> <p>The material examined was collected at altitudes of 50-1650 m in April, May, and December. Based on the data specified on the labels some of the specimens were sifted from litter of pine, Quercus ilex, and Alnus viridis, respectively.</p> <p>Alevonota (Alevonota) ocaloides (BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, 1863), revalidated (Figs 57-58, Map 4)</p> <p>Homalota ocaloides BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, 1863: 27 f.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Syntype  [damaged]: "Vesinet, type unique" (MNHNP).</p> <p>Comment:</p> <p>The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from "Vésinet près Paris" (BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE 1863). The name was previously treated as a synonym of A. kiesenwetteri, but refers to a distinct species.</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>Portugal: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.5666666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.5666666/lat 40.35)">Serra da Estrela</a>, S Manteigas, 40°21'N, 07°34'W, 1070 m, 19.III.2002, leg. Meybohm (cAss); 1 ex., Serra da Estrela (NHMW); 1 ex. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.4333334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.4333334/lat 39.4)">Serra</a> de S. Mamede, Marvao, 39°24'N, 07°26'W, 570 m, chestnut litter sifted, 17.III.2002, leg. Meybohm (cAss).</p> <p>Spain: Aragón: 16 exs., WNW Teruel, Sierra de Albarracín, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.5833333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.5833333/lat 40.483334)">Sierra Alta</a>, 40°29'N, 01°35'W, 1850 m, pine forest, pine and Vaccinium litter between stones sifted, 11.IV.2003, leg. Assing, Wunderle (cAss, cWun); 1 ex., same data, but 1825 m, leg. Wunderle (cWun). Castilla-León: 1 ex., Soria, Sierra de Urbion, above Laguna Negra, 1900 m, 21.V.1999, leg. Feldmann (cFel); 1 ex., Sierra de Urbion, path from Puerto de St. Ines to Pico de Urbion, 1800 m, nest of Formica pratensis [date not specified], leg. Schülke &amp; Grünberg (cSch).</p> <p>France: Locality not specified: 1 ex., "Seine inf.", leg. Fauvel (NHMW).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>Rather large species, but size highly variable, 3.5-4.8 mm; RL: 1.4-1.9 mm. For a colour image see the photo of " A. kiesenwetteri " in TRONQUET (2006). Coloration variable: head and most of abdomen dark brown to blackish, in dark specimens only the broad posterior margins of tergites VII and VIII paler brown; pronotum and elytra brown to dark brown; legs yellowish brown to brown; antennae dark brown to black.</p> <p>Head transverse (HW/HL: 1.10-1.15); puncturation rather coarse and sparse; interstices with shallow to distinct microreticulation. Eyes moderately large and moderately prominent, approximately as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Postgenal carina fine and short, visible only posteriorly in lateral view. Antenna with antennomere III approximately twice as long as wide; IV approximately 1.5 times as wide as long; V-IX increasingly transverse and of gradually increasing width; IX and X approximately twice as wide as long.</p> <p>Pronotum distinctly wider than head (PW/HW: 1.18-1.27) and moderately transverse (PW/PL: 1.09-1.16), relatively larger and more transverse in larger than in smaller specimens; puncturation</p> <p>denser and usually even coarser than that of head; interstices on average somewhat narrower than diameter of punctures; surface with shallow to distinct microreticulation.</p> <p>Elytra with moderately pronounced sexual dimorphism; approximately as long as pronotum (EL/ PL: 0.97-1.05); puncturation much finer than that of head and pronotum, usually more or less ill-defined; interstices with or without very shallow microsculpture composed of micropunctures and/or microstriae. Hind wings fully developed.</p> <p>Abdomen subparallel; tergite IV with or without shallow anterior impression; puncturation fine and sparse, sparser on posterior than on anterior tergites; interstices with very shallow microsculpture and glossy; microsculpture more distinct on tergites VII-VIII than on tergites III-VI; posterior margin of tergite VII with narrow palisade fringe; tergites VII-VIII with sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>: elytra on either side of suture with shallow elevation and with rugose granulose puncturation; tergite VII near posterior margin with pronounced oblong smooth median tubercle; posterior margin of tergite VIII strongly convex, in the middle with pair of small tubercles, on either side crenulate (modifications more pronounced in larger than in smaller ); posterior margin of sternite VIII strongly convex; median lobe of aedeagus as in Fig. 57, of similar shape as in A. laeviceps; ML: 0.41-0.47 mm.</p> <p>: elytra on either side of suture at most with very weak elevation, but without modified puncturation; posterior margin of tergite VIII simply convex; posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly convex; spermatheca of similar general morphology as in A. kiesenwetteri (Fig. 58).</p> <p>Intraspecific variation:</p> <p>The species is subject to pronounced variation of size (including that of the aedeagus), coloration, size of the pronotum, and the male secondary sexual characters, which are generally more developed in larger than in smaller males.</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>Based on the available data, A. ocaloides has an Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution. The species was previously known only from France and is here recorded from Spain and Portugal for the first time (Map 4). The record of A. kiesenwetteri from the Pyrénées-Orientales by TRONQUET (2006) probably refers to this species.</p> <p>Most of the specimens listed above were sifted from forest litter (pine, Vaccinium). One specimen was found in the nest of Formica pratensis. The altitudes range from 570 to 1900 m. The material was collected in early spring (March through May).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E847FFC10DDEFF21DDA516CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E84AFFC00C62FB74DCD011ED.text	03A50879E84AFFC00C62FB74DCD011ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Alevonota) hierroensis Wunderle 2008	<div><p>Alevonota (Alevonota) hierroensis sp. n. (Figs 69-73)</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>Holotype : “Hierro, 22-II-2006, Cueva Longueras, P. Oromí / Holotypus  Alevonota hierroensis sp. n. det. V. Assing 2008” (DZUL). Paratype  [teneral]: same data as holotype (cAss).</p> <p>Description:</p> <p>2.0- 2.2 mm; RL: 1.1-1.2 mm. Coloration of whole body pale yellowish. Habitus as in Fig. 69.</p> <p>Head distinctly oblong, HL/HW: 1.2; puncturation extremely fine and sparse, barely visible; microsculpture very shallow, integument glossy (Fig. 70). Eyes reduced to minute, barely visible rudiments without ommatidia and pigmentation. Antenna rather long and slender, reaching posterior margin of elytra when directed caudad; antennomere IV approximately as long as wide;</p> <p>V weakly transverse; V-X gradually and weakly increasing in width; X less than 1.5 times as wide as long (Fig. 71).</p> <p>Pronotum approximately as wide as long and 1.2 times as wide as head, widest in anterior half, distinctly narrowed caudad; posterior angles weakly marked; puncturation extremely fine, barely visible; microsculpture slightly more distinct than that of head (Fig. 70).</p> <p>Elytra approximately 0.80-0.85 times as long as pronotum; puncturation fine, but more distinct than that of pronotum; microsculpture slightly more pronounced than that of pronotum. Hind wings completely reduced. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as II or slightly longer.</p> <p>Abdomen distinctly broader than forebody, approximately 1.3 times as wide as pronotum, widest at segments V/VI; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe.</p> <p>: posterior margin of tergite VIII broadly and distinctly concave, that of sternite VIII strongly convex; median lobe of aedeagus with ventral process distinctly curved in lateral view (Fig. 72); ML: 0.35 mm.</p> <p>: posterior margin of tergite VIII very weakly concave, almost truncate; posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly convex; spermatheca with moderately enlarged capsule and with short, apically truncate duct (Fig. 73).</p> <p>Etymology: The name (Latin, adjective) is derived from the name of the island, where the type locality is situated.</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>Alevonota hierroensis is doubtlessly endemic to the Canarian island El Hierro, where it is the only known representative of the genus. As can be inferred from the adaptive reductions of the eyes, the pigmentation, and the wings, as well as from its habitus (moderately slender body with moderately long appendages), the species is probably microcavernicolous. The type specimens were collected with pitfall traps in a cave in February. The male paratype is teneral.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E84AFFC00C62FB74DCD011ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E84BFFF90DDEFBAFDD3C134C.text	03A50879E84BFFF90DDEFBAFDD3C134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota (Liota) gracilenta (Erichson 1839) Er., German.	<div><p>Alevonota (Liota) gracilenta (ERICHSON, 1839) (Figs 59-61, 63, Map 5)</p> <p>Homalota gracilenta ERICHSON, 1839: 94.</p> <p>Homalota venustula HEER, 1839: 340.</p> <p>Homalota splendens KRAATZ, 1856: 246 f.; synonymy confirmed.</p> <p>Liota hypogaea MULSANT &amp; REY, 1875: 175 ff.; synonymy confirmed.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Lectotype  [damaged, head missing], here designated: "Cassel / coll. Kraatz / Syntypus / Lectotypus Homalota splendens Kraatz desig. V. Assing 2007 / Alevonota gracilenta (Erichson) det. V. Assing 2007 " (DEI). Paralectotype : "Misdroy [= Poland: Międzyzdroje] / coll. Kraatz / Syntypus / splendens mihi = gracilenta Er., German. " (DEI).</p> <p>Comments:</p> <p>Homalota gracilenta was described from an unspecified number of syntypes from Paris ("Habitat Lutetiae") collected by Aubé (ERICHSON 1839).</p> <p>The original description of Homalota splendens is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from Germany ("ueber ganz Deutschland verbreitet") (KRAATZ 1856). Two syntypes, a male without head and a female, were found in the Kraatz collection at the DEI. The male is here designated as the lectotype.</p> <p>Liota hypogaea was described from an unspecified number of syntypes from "Massane (Pyrénées- Orientales)" (MULSANT &amp; REY 1875). In the Rey collection, however, only a female labelled "Nice, Grouvelle" was found; this specimen is conspecific with A. gracilenta.</p> <p>The genus Liota was described by MULSANT &amp; REY (1874) to include two species, Homalota gracilenta ERICHSON and H. laeviceps BRISOUT. FENYES (1918) designated the former as the type species. Liota was later synonymised with Alevonota and has remained a synonym ever since (BERN- HAUER &amp; SCHEERPELTZ 1926; FAUVEL 1895; SMETANA 2004). The present study revealed, however, that a revalidation as a subgenus appears justified for several reasons. Though somewhat similar in the general subparallel facies and in the morphology of the antennae, the type species of Liota, H. gracilenta, differs in various significant respects from other species of Alevonota, not only by external characters such as the distinctly transverse head, the more pronounced postgenal carinae, and the shape of the pronotum, but especially also in the the general morphology of the genitalia (aedeagus with long flagellum; spermatheca with twisted duct, somewhat resembling that of the genus Geostiba THOMSON). Based on these observations, it does not seem unlikely that a thorough phylogenetic analysis, including also molecular data, may eventually reveal an even more distant relationship of Liota to Alevonota, so that both would have to be considered distinct genera.</p> <p>Additional material examined:</p> <p>Finland: 1 ex., Hanko, 11.V.-17.VI.1990, leg. Rutanen (ZMH).</p> <p>Spain: Galicia: 1 ex., Pontevedra, Beloso ["Belus", 42°19'N, 08'°45'W], leg. Franz (NHMW).</p> <p>France: Île-de-France: 1 ex., Paris, leg. Fauvel (NHMW). Provence: 1 ex., Alpes Maritimes, St. Augustin, IV.1949 (MHNG); 1 ex., Alpes-Maritimes, Nice, leg. Grouvelle (MGHNL).</p> <p>Switzerland: Vaud: 1 ex., Marchissy (MHNG).</p> <p>Germany: Nordrhein-Westfalen: 1 ex., Marsberg, Dahlberg, mesobrometum, 5.VII.1992, leg. Lückmann (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 3.VI.1995 (cFel); 1 ex., Münster-Kinderhaus, garden, V.2002, leg. Feldmann (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 26.VI.2006 (cFel); 1 ex., Porta Westfalica, Wittekindsberg, car-net, 10.VI.1993, leg.</p> <p>Assing (cAss). Rheinland-Pfalz: 1 ex., "Wattenh."[= Wattenheim] (DEI); 1 ex., Eifel, Fischbachtal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.95/lat 49.983334)">Neuerburg</a> [49°59'N, 06°57'E], car-net, 1.VI.1990, leg. Wunderle (cWun); 1 ex., Altenahr, pitfall, 21.VI.1988, leg. Büchs (cWun). Baden-Württemberg: 1 ex., Stuttgart, 9.V.1876, leg. Simon (NHMW). Hessen: 1 ex., Dautphe- Buchenau, Katzenbachtal, car-net, 30.IV.1988, leg. Wunderle (cWun). Niedersachsen: 1 ex., Lüneburger Heide, Schneverdingen env., Tütsberg, grassy heathland, pitfall, V.1995 (cAss); 4 exs., same data, but VI.1996 (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but V.1997 (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but VI.1997 (cAss); 3 exs., same data, but VII.1998 (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but IV.1999 (cAss); 2 exs., same data, but V.1999 (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but IX.1999 (cAss); 3 exs., same data, but IV.2000 (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but V.2000 (cAss); 3 exs., same data, but V.2001 (cAss); 1 ex., Hannover, garden, pitfall, V.1987, leg. Assing (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but VIII.1987 (cAss); 1 ex., Hannover, bank of Leine river, pitfall, V.1990 (cAss); 1 ex., Hannover-Buchholz, school grounds, meadow, pitfall, IX.1997, leg. Assing (cAss); 1 ex., Hannover, Kugelfangtrift, grassland, pitfall, V.2002, leg. Sprick (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but V.2001 (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but VIII.2002 (cAss); 1 ex., Braunschweig, arable land, pitfall, VII.1988 (cAss); 1 ex., 2 km SE Wolfenbüttel, Öselberg, 150 m, mesobrometum, pitfall, V.1998, leg. Schmidt (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but V.1999 (cAss); 1 ex., Hameln env., Grossenwieden, arable land, pitfall, VI.1987, leg. Sprick (cAss); 1 ex., Hameln env., Düt, pitfall, VI.1988, leg. Sprick (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but V.1988 (cAss); 2 exs., Süntel, Rannenberg, arable land, limestone, pitfall, V.1987, leg. Sprick (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but VI.1987 (cAss); 4 exs., S Hildesheim, Steinberg, mesobrometum, pitfall, V.1997, leg. Schmidt &amp; Sprick (cAss); 2 exs., same data, but VI.1997 (cAss); 1 ex., 3 km NE Alfeld / Leine, Wernershöhe, arable land, pitfall, V.1998, leg. Schmidt (cAss); 3 exs., same data, but VI.1998 (cAss); 1 ex., Northeim env., Fredelsloh, mesobrometum, pitfall, VII.1984 (cAss); 1 ex., Harz, St. Andreasberg env., Jordanshöhe, 700 m, pitfall, VII.1991, leg. Vowinkel (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but IX.1992 (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but V.1993 (cAss). Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 1 ex., SE Stralsund, Devin, pitfall, 30.V.1967, leg. Zerche (DEI). Sachsen- Anhalt: 2 exs., Halle, S Gimritz, fallow, pitfall, 12.V.1993, leg. Teichmann (cFel, cAss); 1 ex., same data, but 21.VII.1993 (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 4.VIII.1993 (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 1.IX.1993 (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 15.IX.1993 (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 8.VI.1994 (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 18.VII.1996 (cFel); 1 ex., same data, but 9.VII.1996 (cFel). Brandenburg / Berlin: 1 ex., Mehrow, 1.V.1990, leg. Arnold (cSch).</p> <p>Thüringen: 1 ex., Kyffhäuser, Rottleben env., 1.VI.1996, leg. Schülke (cSch).</p> <p>Czech Republic: 2 exs., Praha, leg. Skalitzky (NHMW); 1 ex., Brandýs nad Labem, leg. Skalitzky (NHMW); 1 ex., Moravia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.2/lat 50.833332)">Černá Hora</a> [50°50'N, 15°12'E], 12.-21.VIII.1926, leg. Stolz (NHMW); 1 ex., Moravia, Brno-Hády, 1.V.1966, leg. Nohel (NHMW); 1 ex., Moravia, Pálava [" Pollauer Berge "] (MNHUB).</p> <p>Slovakia: 1 ex. [with worker of Tetramorium sp. glued on the label], Trenčin, Inovec, 5.V.1929, leg. Rambousek (NMP).</p> <p>Italy: Trentino-Alto Adige: 1 ex., Biotopi Lago Pudro (TN), pasture, pitfall, 16.VI.-1.VII.1989, leg. Perini (cZan); 1 ex. [with 2 workers of Formica lemani attached to the pin], Lago di Molveno, 24.VII.1976, leg. Magrini (cZan). Piemonte: 1 ex., Biella, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.033334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.033334/lat 45.6)">Sagliano Micca</a> [ca. 45°36'N, 08°02'E], 30.VII.1958, leg. Rosa (MHNG). Friuli-Venezia Giulia: 1 ex., Trieste, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.866667/lat 45.65)">Opcina-Basovizza</a> [45°39'N, 13°52'E], 21.-28.IV.1921, leg. Moczarski &amp; Scheerpeltz (NHMW); 1 ex., Maniago (PN), Magredi, 16.IV.1977, leg. Visentini (cZan); 1 ex., Pozzuolo del Friuli, 5.VII.1989 (cZan). Emilia-Romagna: 1 ex., Monteriolo near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.15/lat 43.916668)">Sarsina</a> [43°55'N 12°09'E], 800 m, 15.IV.1976, leg. Sama (cZan); 1 ex., locality illegible, 6.VI.1901, leg. Fiori (MNHUB).</p> <p>Toscana: 2 exs., Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, leg. Paganetti (DEI); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.283334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.283334/lat 44.083332)">Passo della Futa</a> [44°05'N, 11°17'E], 3.XI.1962, leg. Castellini (cBor); 1 ex., Pratolino (FI), IV.1971, leg. Bordoni (cBor); 1 ex., Mte. Morello (FI), 3.V.1925, leg. Andreini (cBor); 1 ex., Elba [island], leg. Moczarski (NHMW). Marche: 1 ex., Ancona, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.583333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.583333/lat 43.533333)">Monte Conero</a> [43°32'N, 13°35'E], leg. Paganetti (DEI). Puglia: 1 ex., Gargano, San Giovanni Rotondo, leg. Holdhaus (NHMW). Basilicata: 2 exs., Policoro (MT), 12.V.1987, leg. de Marzo (cAss). Locality ambiguous: 1 ex., " Belvedere ", 3.VI.1894, leg. Solari (NHMW).</p> <p>Austria: Vorarlberg: 2 exs., Feldkirch (NHMW); 1 ex., locality illegible, 10.V.1908 (NHMW). Oberösterreich: 1 ex., Linz, Lichtenberg, leg. Mader (NHMW). Niederösterreich / Wien: 1 ex., Wien env., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.333334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.333334/lat 48.25)">Sievering</a> [48°15'N, 16°20'E], leg. Skalitzky (NHMW); 2 exs., Wien env., leg. Breit, Winkler (NHMW); 1 ex., Mödling (NHMW); 1 ex., Langenzersdorf, leg. Luze (NHMW); 1 ex., Hainburg, Hundsheimer Berg [48°06, 16°57'E], 20.V.1942, leg. Bischoff (MNHUB). Locality not specified: 1 ex., " Austria ", leg. Pipitz (NHMW).</p> <p>Hungary: 1 ex., Villany, V.1981, leg. Sieber (cWun); 2 exs., Bugac National Park, grassland, pitfall, IV.1983, leg. Galle (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but V.1983 (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but IX.1986 (cAss).</p> <p>Romania: 1 ex., Munţii Rodnei [47°35'N, 24°40'E], leg. Deubel (NHMW).</p> <p>Croatia: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.933333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.933333/lat 45.45)">Črnica</a> ["Cernizza", 45°27'N, 13°56'E], leg. Strupi (cAss); 1 ex., Mljet island, 1907, leg. Moczarski (NHMW); 1 ex., " Istrien ", 30.VI.1984 (cWun).</p> <p>Bosnia-Herzegovina: 1 ex., Vlasic planina, 600-1700 m, car-net, 5.V.1990, leg. Wunderle (cWun).</p> <p>Bulgaria: 1 ex., Samokov, 1911, leg. Hilf (NHMW).</p> <p>Greece: 1 ex., S Aristi, 850 m, 1.V.1973, leg. Löbl (MHNG); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.383333/lat 40.65)">Flórina</a>, ca. 20 km SSW Flórina, Oros Vitsi, 40°39'N, 21°23'E, N-slope, 1850-1900 m, grass and moss sifted, 22.V.2005, leg. Wunderle (cWun).</p> <p>Turkey: Rize: 1 ex., Cağlayan D. river valley, 1800-1900 m, 23.VI.1998, leg. Solodovnikov (cAss). Mersin: 1 ex., Mut-Karaman, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.266666/lat 36.916668)">Sertavul Geçidi</a>, 36°55'N, 33°16'E, 1570 m, 5.V.2004, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss); 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.966667/lat 36.75)">Kırobası-Güzeloluk</a>, 14 km W Güzeloluk, 36°45'N, 33°58'E, 1430 m, 8.V.2004, leg. Brachat &amp; Meybohm (cAss).</p> <p>Armenia: 1 ex., Yerevan, 1.VI.1952 (cAss).</p> <p>Georgia: 1 ex., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.583332/lat 41.983334)">Khashuri</a> ["Michailowo am Suramgebirge"; 41°59'N, 43°35'E], leg. Leder (NHMW).</p> <p>Locality not specified or not identified: 1 ex., 13.VII.1993 (ZMH); 1 ex., ["Hungar"] (DEI); 1 ex., "Hungaria" (NHMW); 2 exs. (DEI).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>Extremely variable species, 1.8-3.4 mm; RL: 0.85-1.4 mm. Usual coloration: head and abdomen, except for the posterior margins of the segments and the apex, dark brown to blackish; pronotum brown to dark brown; elytra yellowish brown to brown; legs yellowish; antennae yellowish to yellowish brown. Occasionally, the whole body may be considerable darker or paler.</p> <p>Head transverse (HW/HL: 1.10-1.25 [sic]), of transversely rectangular to distinctly wedge-like shape (i. e. lateral margins subparallel to distinctly diverging in dorsal view); puncturation very fine, often barely noticeable; microreticulation very shallow to pronounced. Eyes of very variable shape and size, in small-eyed specimens weakly protruding from lateral contours of head and little more than half the length of postocular region in dorsal view, in large-eyed specimens distinctly prominent and approximately as long as postocular region or nearly so. Postgenal carina distinct and longer than in the preceding species, extending below eyes or nearly so. Antenna variable; usual morphology: antennomere III approximately twice as long as wide; IV approximately 1.5 times as wide as long; V-IX increasingly transverse and of gradually increasing width; IX and X approximately twice as wide as long.</p> <p>Pronotum of remarkably variable shape, slightly to distinctly wider than head (PW/HW: 1.12-1.25) and weakly to distinctly transverse (PW/PL: 1.05-1.30 [sic]); maximal width approximately in the middle, in posterior half only weakly tapering, i. e. posterior margin broader than anterior margin; puncturation similar to that of head; microreticulation pronounced to practically absent.</p> <p>Elytra dimorphic, without sexual dimorphism; in macropterous morph slightly, in submacropterous morph distinctly shorter than pronotum (EL/PL: 0.82-0.95); puncturation as fine as or even finer than that of head and pronotum; microreticulation pronounced to practically absent. Hind wings fully developed or of somewhat reduced length.</p> <p>Abdomen subparallel; tergite IV without anterior impression; puncturation fine and sparse, barely noticeable; microsculpture composed of isodiametric meshes everywhere and usually shallow, more distinct on tergites VII-VIII than on tergites III-VI; posterior margin of tergite VII with narrow palisade fringe; tergites VII-VIII without sexual dimorphism; posterior margin of tergite VIII broadly convex in both sexes.</p> <p>: posterior margin of sternite VIII strongly convex; median lobe of aedeagus of variable size; ML: 0.32-0.38 mm; shape highly distinctive; internal sac with very long flagellum (Figs 59-60).</p> <p>: posterior margin of sternite VIII moderately convex, in the middle not concave; spermatheca with twisted duct (Fig. 61).</p> <p>Intraspecific variation:</p> <p>The species is even more variable than its congeners, this enormous variation affecting especially size, coloration, the microsculpture of the forebody, eye size, the shape of the head and the pronotum, the length of the elytra and the hind wings, and the size of the aedeagus. Owing to this extreme variability, non-average specimens may be difficult to attribute to this species, or even to the genus. However, a reliable identification is always possible based on the highly distinctive primary sexual characters.</p> <p>Distribution and bionomics:</p> <p>Based on the revised material, A. gracilenta is a widespread Ponto-Mediterranean species, its distribution ranging from southern Turkey, Armenia, and Georgia in the southeast and east to northwest Spain, western France, and the south of Great Britain in the west and northwest, and to southern Scandinavia in the north (Map 5). It is here recorded from Spain, Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Armenia, and Georgia for the first time. LUNDBERG (1995) reports the species from all Scandinavian countries; in Sweden, it is confined to the south. According to BAUDI DI SELVE (1870), it is present also in Cyprus, but this record requires confirmation. The species was only recently recorded from Greece and Turkey for the first time (ASSING 2004, 2005). In Germany, it has been reported from all regions (EISINGER 2006; KÖHLER &amp; KLAUSNITZER 1998; material examined). In Italy, it is known from the north and south of the mainland, as well as from Sicily (ZANETTI 1995). For additional literature records see ALLEN (1991), BENICK &amp; LOHSE (1959), EISINGER (2006, KACHE &amp; ZUCCHI (1993), KOCH (1968), KÖHLER &amp; KLAUSNITZER (1998), KROKER &amp; RENNER (1983), KORGE (1956, 1960, 1989), LINKE (1907), MÜLLER (1926), PEEZ &amp; KAHLEN (1977), RENNER (2001), SAINTE-CLAIRE DEVILLE (1920), SCHOLZE &amp; JUNG (1994), SEGERS (1986), STUMPF (1998), SZUJECKI (1968), TRONQUET (2006), VÁSÁRHELYI (1985), VOGEL (1978), and VOGEL &amp; DUNGER (1980). Older records may be doubtful because the species was confounded with A. egregia by various authors (e.g. WÖRNDLE (1950).</p> <p>Although records are comparatively rare, the species has been collected in a wide range of - usually unforested - biotopes, especially with pitfall traps (see material examined; ASSING 1988, 1992, 1994a, 1994b, 2001b; FELDMANN &amp; LÜCKMANN 1998; KORGE 1960; KROKER &amp; RENNER 1983; STUMPF 1998; ZERCHE 1980), occasionally also with car-nets (material examined), sweep-nets (material examined; ALLEN 1991; EISINGER 2006; KOCH 1968; VOGEL &amp; DUNGER 1980), or by sifting (material examined; LINKE 1907; PEEZ &amp; KAHLEN 1977). It has been found in xerothermous limestone grassland (material examined; ASSING 1994a, 2001b; FELDMANN &amp; LÜCKMANN 1998), subalpine grassland (material examined; ASSING 2005), meadows (material examined; KOCH 1968, VOGEL &amp; DUNGER 1980), pastures (material examined), arable land (material examined), fallow land (material examined), river banks (material examined), the leaf litter of old trees and the roots of grass in a sandpit (PEEZ &amp; KAHLEN 1977), sparsely vegetated heathlands on sandy soils (material examined; KORGE 1960), a chalkpit (ALLEN 1991), a sparsely vegetated dump (STUMPF 1998), abandoned railroad tracks with ruderal vegetation (KORGE 1989), nests of ants (Formica lemani, Tetramorium sp., Lasius flavus) (material examined; KORGE 1956), compost (KOCH 1968), flood debris (LINKE 1907), and various urban or suburban habitats such as gardens, lawns, and greens (ALLEN 1991; ASSING 1988, 1992; KACHE &amp; ZUCCHI 1993). The wide range of different habitats, as well as the fact that the species is collected rarely, accidentally, and usually in singles or very small numbers suggest that the true reproduction habitat is cryptic and unknown. While the records in Central Europe are generally from lower to intermediate elevations, the upper end of the known altitude range is at 1800-1900 m in Greece and Turkey (material examined).</p> <p>The examined material was collected during spring and summer, from April through September, with a maximum in May and June. One specimen was found also in November (Fig. 63). Since the habitat is probably subterranean, the ground and above-ground catches (mainly assessed by pitfall trapping and flight records) reflect dispersal activity. Flight records are confined to May and June. Teneral beetles were not observed.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E84BFFF90DDEFBAFDD3C134C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E877FFFC0DDEFBD4DC0E142A.text	03A50879E877FFFC0DDEFBD4DC0E142A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alevonota THOMSON 1858	<div><p>" Alevonota " punctipennis (EPPELSHEIM, 1893)</p> <p>Aleuonota punctipennis EPPELSHEIM, 1893: 23 f.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Holotype  [slightly damaged]: " / Ost-Sibirien, Quellgebiet des Irkut, Leder 1891 / punctipennis Eppelsh. / punctipennis Epp., Deutsch. ent. Zt. 1893, p. 23 / Collect. Eppelsh. / Typus / " Alevonota " punctipennis (Eppelsheim) det. V. Assing 2007 " (NHMW).</p> <p>Comments:</p> <p>The original description is based on a single male from "Ost-Sibirien in der Nähe der Hauptstadt Irkutsk auf dem linken Ufer des Irkut in der oberen Hälfte dieses Flusses", this area extending from the "Ortschaft Tunka bis an den Muku-Sardik im Sajan'schen Gebirge" (EPPELSHEIM 1893). An examination of the external morphology of the holotype and especially the sexual characters (completely different morphology of the median lobe of the aedeagus and the paramere) revealed that the species does not refer to Alevonota, but to a genus unknown to us.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E877FFFC0DDEFBD4DC0E142A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
03A50879E877FFFC0DDEFF61DF8B161D.text	03A50879E877FFFC0DDEFF61DF8B161D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tropimenelytron mirabilis (Eppelsheim 1884) Wunderle 2008	<div><p>Tropimenelytron mirabilis (EPPELSHEIM, 1884); comb. n. (Fig. 62)</p> <p>Homalota (Aleuonota) mirabilis EPPELSHEIM, 1884: 13.</p> <p>Type material examined:</p> <p>Lectotype  [head damaged, mouthparts and aedeagus dissected prior to present study], here designated: "9. / Kaukas Leder / Berge von Talysch, Lirik / Collect. Eppelsh. / Typus / Lectotypus Homalota mirabilis Eppelsheim desig. V. Assing 2007 / Tropimenelytron mirabilis (Eppelsheim) det. V. Assing 2007 " (NHMW). Paralectotype : " mirabilis Epp., Verh. Naturf. Ver. Brünn Bd. XXII / Caspi.-M.-Gebiet, Leder (Reitter), Liryk. / Collect. Eppelsh. / Typus (NHMW).</p> <p>Comments:</p> <p>The original description is based on a male and a female ("in einem Pärchen") from "Lirik im Gebirge von Talysch" (EPPELSHEIM 1884). Both syntypes are males and deposited in the Eppelsheim collection at the NHMW. The smaller specimen was erroneously sexed as a female by Eppelsheim, obviously because it lacks the male secondary sexual characters on the elytra and the abdomen. The larger syntype with fully developed secondary sexual characters is here designated as the lectotype. The species does not refer to Alevonota, but to Tropimenelytron PACE, 1983.</p> <p>From T. tuberiventris (EPPELSHEIM, 1880), the only other representative of Tropimenelytron in the Western Palaearctic region, the species is distinguished by larger size, longer antennae, a broader head, the much coarser, more defined, and denser puncturation of the forebody, the much less pronounced (i. e. distinctly shorter and less elvated) keels on the male elytra (Fig. 62), and by the larger aedeagus. The modifications of the male abdominal tergites III, IV, and VII are similar to those of T. tuberiventris. Tropimenelytron mirabilis is currently known only from Azerbaijan.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50879E877FFFC0DDEFF61DF8B161D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul	Wunderle, Volker Assing Paul (2008): On the Alevonota species of the Western Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (5): 145-189, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.145-189
