identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C04308FF98D47CFD93FD13FE7FFCDA.text	03C04308FF98D47CFD93FD13FE7FFCDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agapostemon Guerin-Meneville 1844	<div><p>Genus Agapostemon Guérin-Méneville, 1844</p> <p>Andrena (Agapostemon) Guérin-Méneville, 1844a: 448.</p> <p>Type species: Apis femoralis Guérin-Méneville, 1844, monobasic.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C04308FF98D47CFD93FD13FE7FFCDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sheffield, Cory S.;Vilhelmsen, Lars;Bakker, Frederique	Sheffield, Cory S., Vilhelmsen, Lars, Bakker, Frederique (2021): Taxonomy of the New World bee genus Agapostemon Guérin-Méneville - new names and synonymies (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751 (1): 1-23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1375, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1375
03C04308FF98D471FDBAFCBDFEEBFB74.text	03C04308FF98D471FDBAFCBDFEEBFB74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agapostemon virescens (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Agapostemon virescens (Fabricius, 1775)</p> <p>Figs 1, 7A–B, 8A–B, 9A</p> <p>Andrena virescens Fabricius, 1775: 378 [♀].</p> <p>Andrena nigricornis Fabricius, 1793: 313 [♂] [synonymy by Smith 1853: 86, though of Ag. virescens under Ag. nigricornis; synonymy of Ag. virescens by Dalla Torre 1896: 98].</p> <p>Apis viridula Fabricius, 1793: 3742 [♀]. syn. nov.</p> <p>Halictus dimidiatus Lepeletier, 1841: 283 [♀] [synonymy of Ag. virescens by Dalla Torre 1896: 98; of Ag. viridulus by Robertson 1897: 326].</p> <p>Halictus tricolor Lepeletier, 1841: 289 [♂] [synonymy of Ag. nigricornis by Cresson 1887: 293; synonymy of Ag. virescens by Dalla Torre 1896: 98].</p> <p>Agapostemon bicolor Robertson, 1893: 148 [♀, ♂] [synonymy of Ag. viridula by Robertson 1895: 118; of Ag. virescens by Moure 1960: 103].</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype</p> <p>COUNTRY UNKNOWN • 1 ♀; “ America ”; BMNH (E) 668675.</p> <p>See https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/4dece8b7-ab26-4233-86c9-de79d6a80a91.</p> <p>Additional material</p> <p>COUNTRY UNKNOWN • 1 ♀ (lectotype of Apis viridula Fabricius, 1793, designated by Moure 1960: 104); [Type locality not indicated in original work; “Habitat in America boreali” was indicated by Fabricius (1804)]; NHMD ZMUC00241490 (Fig. 2).</p> <p>Notes</p> <p>The location of the syntype ♂ of Andrena nigricornis Fabricius, 1793, from Georgia, is unknown, as per Sandhouse 1936: 77 and Moure 1960: 104. The same it true with the ♀ type of Halictus dimidiatus Lepeletier, 1841: “probablement de l’Amérique septentrionale” [Musée de M. Serville was indicated], and with the ♂ type of Halictus tricolor Lepeletier, 1841: “Amérique septentrionale” [Musée de M. Serville was indicated, Roberts (1972) indicated Instituto e Musco de Zoologia, Universita di Torino, Italy].</p> <p>The lectotype ♀ of Agapostemon bicolor Robertson, 1893 (designated by W.E. LaBerge in Webb 1980: 115) from USA, Illinois, Carlinville, 22 Sep. 1886, C.A. Robertson leg., INHS 3306, was not examined as the synonymy was not questioned.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Under his discussion of Ag. virescens, Cockerell (1921) included a brief mention of Apis vitreus, originally named and described from the male (with a colour illustration) by Harris (1782: pl 39 fig. 17); in the figure caption, Harris (1782) mentioned the brilliant green head and thorax, with yellow mouthparts, antennae, legs and abdomen, the latter with six black bands, which is consistent with most male Agapostemon in North America (e.g., Roberts 1972). Cockerell (1921) felt that this name should be considered valid, and presumably a synonym of Ag. virescens. As Harris’s (1782) work was focused on the insects of England, Warncke (1973) considered it (as Apis vitreus Harris, 1776, from England) a synonym of Halictus tumulorum (Linnaeus, 1758). However, Ebmer (1974) considered Harris’s taxon nomen dubium, indicating that the synonymy of Warncke (1973) was incorrect, and suggested that the large size of 11.5–12.5 mm (from Ebmer (1974), based on Harris’s (1782) mention of “five lines and a half”) and description supported that it was likely a male of Agapostemon, partially supporting Cockerell’s (1921) opinion. Ebmer (1974) also indicated that it was likely that at the time of collection (i.e., pre-1776), the New England states (where it was presumably collected) were regarded as belonging to the “motherland” (i.e., England), though by the time of publication of Harris’s works (i.e., 1776–1782) the United States was independent. However, as four species of Agapostemon with males generally matching that described by Harris (1782) are found in the New England states, we follow Ebmer’s (1974) recommendation and consider Harris’s species nomen dubium until the type material can be located.</p> <p>“America” was indicated as the type locality for Ag. virescens by Fabricius (1775), but the type specimen has seemingly been re-labelled after the fact (i.e., post Cresson 1887) with N[orth]. Amer[ica]. (Fig. 1); the specimen was previously examined by Cockerell (1921) and later by Charles D. Michener (as per Roberts 1972) who both considered it a valid representation of this taxon. Smith (1853) considered Apis virescens Fabricius 1793 (not 1775) a synonym of Ag. nigricornis, presumably not realizing that the species had been named 18 years previous (though he attributed it to the Banks Collection, as is the type material).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C04308FF98D471FDBAFCBDFEEBFB74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sheffield, Cory S.;Vilhelmsen, Lars;Bakker, Frederique	Sheffield, Cory S., Vilhelmsen, Lars, Bakker, Frederique (2021): Taxonomy of the New World bee genus Agapostemon Guérin-Méneville - new names and synonymies (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751 (1): 1-23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1375, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1375
03C04308FF95D477FE29FB65FD46FD09.text	03C04308FF95D477FE29FB65FD46FD09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agapostemon femoralis (Guerin-Meneville 1844) Sheffield & Vilhelmsen & Bakker 2021	<div><p>Agapostemon femoralis (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) stat. nov.</p> <p>Figs 3, 7D, 8D, 9B, 10B</p> <p>Andrena (Agapostemon) femoralis Guérin-Méneville, 1844a: 447 [♂].</p> <p>Halictus cubensis Spinola, 1851: 203 [♂, not ♀] [synonymy of Ag. viridula by Engel 2004: 170].</p> <p>Agapostemon semiviridis Cresson, 1865: 172 [♀] [synonymy of Ag. viridulus by Baker 1906: 274].</p> <p>Agapostemon obscurata Cresson, 1869: 295 [♂, not ♀ as indicated]. syn. nov.</p> <p>Agapostemon obscuratus var. abjectus Cockerell, 1917b: 436 [♂, not ♀ as indicated] [synonymy of Ag. obscuratus by Roberts 1972: 513].</p> <p>Agapostemon viridualus – Janjic &amp; Packer, 2003: 109. Lapsus calami.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here, Fig. 3)</p> <p>CUBA • ♂; Monchicourt leg.; RMNH. INS.1283531.</p> <p>Additional material</p> <p>CUBA • 1 ♀ (lectotype of Agapostemon semiviridis Cresson, 1865, designated by Cresson 1916: 109); ANSP 2788 (Fig. 4) • 1 ♂ (lectotype of Agapostemon obscurata Cresson, 1869, designated by Cresson 1916: 108); ANSP 2790 (Fig. 5) • 1 ♂ (holotype of Agapostemon obscuratus var. abjectus Cockerell, 1917); Cabanas [Cabañas]; 28 May [no year provided]; Palmer and Riley leg.; USNM 22938 (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Notes</p> <p>The lectotype ♂ of Halictus cubensis Spinola, 1851 (designated by Engel 2004: 170), from Cuba, Havana, Spinola Collection, MSNT, was not examined as the synonymy was not questioned.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The name and description of Andrena femoralis is attributed to Guérin-Méneville (1844a), though the name (i.e., Andrena femoralis Guer.), type locality (i.e., Cuba) and first illustration appear on plate 83, figure 1 (incorrectly recorded as plate 73 by Van der Vecht 1957) for Cuvier’s (1836) work published in 1837 (Cuvier 1837). These images were later duplicated in Guérin-Méneville (1844b) as “Insectès, Pl[ate]. 73, Figure 1 ”. Banks (1909) commented on the dates of Guérin-Méneville’s Iconographie du Regne Animali, indicating that the volume dedicated to insects (i.e., Guérin-Méneville 1844a) is dated 1829–1838 with many references to other dates within the text, including 1844, the year most researchers have used in citing this work (e.g., Roberts 1972; Michener 2000, 2007, though Moure (1960) indicated 1845). However, as Cuvier’s original plates were published in 1837 (Cuvier 1837), Banks (1909) felt that those of the opinion “that a named figure is valid without [accompanying] text must credit such names” with the dates of the plate publication. However, Cowan (1971) more recently reviewed the issue of Guérin-Méneville’s works and concluded that the date relevant to the insects is 1844, and this decision is followed here.</p> <p>Van der Vecht (1957) examined material that he assumed was part of the type material for Ag. femoralis at the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden (now Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden), though he also indicated the possibility of syntypes existing at other institutions; other specimens with the same collection information exist at Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Thus, to stabilize Ag. femoralis as the valid name of this Cuban taxon, the specimen Van der Vecht (1957) provided details on (i.e., fig. 3) is hereby selected as the lectotype. Incidentally, Ag. femoralis is the type species for the genus Agapostemon (Sandhouse 1936, 1943; Michener 1997). Dalla Torre (1896) was the first to treat Ag. femoralis as a synonym of Ag. viridulus (later followed by Friese 1902), though the assumption that the type material of Ag. viridulus was collected in Cuba was baseless.</p> <p>The female type material of Halictus cubensis Spinola was not an Agapostemon, but rather Augochlora regina Smith, 1853 (Augochlorini) (Engel 2004), so Engel (2004) designated the male as a lectotype, and placed it into synonymy with Ag. femoralis. However, as a result of this designation, Ag. cubensis Roberts became a junior secondary homonym of Ag. cubensis (Spinola), thus requiring the replacement name provided below.</p> <p>Though Roberts (1972) records the synonymy of Ag. semiviridis Cresson under Ag. viridulus as new, Baker (1906) had already treated it as a synonym. When described, Cresson (1865) indicated that it was potentially the female of Ag. viridulus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C04308FF95D477FE29FB65FD46FD09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sheffield, Cory S.;Vilhelmsen, Lars;Bakker, Frederique	Sheffield, Cory S., Vilhelmsen, Lars, Bakker, Frederique (2021): Taxonomy of the New World bee genus Agapostemon Guérin-Méneville - new names and synonymies (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751 (1): 1-23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1375, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1375
03C04308FF93D469FE66FD61FDABFEA0.text	03C04308FF93D469FE66FD61FDABFEA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agapostemon (Agapostemon) robertsi Sheffield & Vilhelmsen & Bakker 2021	<div><p>Agapostemon (Agapostemon) robertsi nom. nov.</p> <p>Agapostemon cubensis Roberts, 1972: 478 [♂] [preoccupied, not Ag. cubensis (Spinola) = Ag. femoralis (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)].</p> <p>Notes</p> <p>The holotype ♂ of Ag. robertsi, from Cuba, “5.K. S. of Pinar Rio ” [Pinar del Río], “12-23 September ’13”, AMNH, did not need to be examined.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C04308FF93D469FE66FD61FDABFEA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sheffield, Cory S.;Vilhelmsen, Lars;Bakker, Frederique	Sheffield, Cory S., Vilhelmsen, Lars, Bakker, Frederique (2021): Taxonomy of the New World bee genus Agapostemon Guérin-Méneville - new names and synonymies (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 751 (1): 1-23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1375, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1375
