taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B11679A464FFC7FF48FB7BFE48F989.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 3, 16, 25, 28, 36)	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A464FFC7FF48FB7BFE48F989.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Lectotype ♂ (dissected), “ Холт, Сев. ГобИ, МонголИЯ, КоЗлов [printed] / 22. VI. – 4. VII. [1] 926 [handwritten] ” [Kholt, North Gobi, Mongolia, 22. VI. – 04. VII. 1926, Kozlov leg.] / “ Mongolia, Omnegov aimak, Noen-Ula Range (or Sevrei-Uul R.), near 43 – 44 ° N; 102 ° E, 22. VI. – 04. VII. 1926, Kozlov leg. ” (ZISP); paralectotype ♀ (dissected): “ Холт, Сев. ГобИ, МонголИЯ, КоЗлов [printed] / 2 – 4. VII. [1] 926 [handwritten] ” [Kholt, North Gobi, Mongolia, 02 – 04. VII. 1926, Kozlov leg.] / “ Mongolia, Omnegov aimak, Noen-Ula Range (or Sevrei-Uul R.), near 43 – 44 ° N; 102 ° E, 02 – 04. VII. 1926, Kozlov leg. ” (ZISP); non-type specimens: 4 ♂ (2 dissected), 3 ♀ (2 dissected), Mongolia, Omnegov aimak, Gurvan-Saikhan Mts., 12 km W Tzokhor vill., 2300 m, N 43 ° 24 ’ 16 ” E 104 ° 02 ’ 00 ”, 14 – 15. VII. 2002, S. Churkin leg. (SChR). Taxonomic history. The taxon was originally described from the “ Northern Gobi ” as a distinct species based on external differences as well as differences in the male and female genitalia (Zhdanko 1996 a). According to the description, the main specific character of kozlovi is thick falx, which was actually mechanically damaged and flattened during preparation (Churkin 2004: 192). Another misleading character mentioned in the description is one spine in each signum of the ductus bursa (two in fact, as in other Rhymnaria species, see Сhurkin 2004: 192). Moreover, the type series was not delimited. Later Zhdanko (1998) defined the type series which included the male “ holotype ” (lectotype in fact) and “ paratypes ” (three males and four females from the “ Northern Gobi ” and two females from northern Mongolia), which are in fact paralectotypes (Churkin 2004). These females do not originate from the “ Northern Gobi ” and thus can not be treated as paralectotypes. They probably belong to N. (R.) davidi irkuta (Churkin 2004). The actual collecting data of the N. (R.) kozlovi type specimens was not known from the original labels. It was determined on the basis of P. K. Kozlov’s expedition diaries by Churkin (2004). He outlined the type series of kozlovi by the lectotype male with the label “ Mongolia, Omnegov aimak, Noen-Ula Range (or Sevrei-Uul R.), near 43 – 44 ° N; 102 ° E, 2 – 4.06.1926, Kozlov leg. ” and the sole paralectotype female with the same label but another date (“ 2 – 4. VII. 926 ”). Churkin (2004) considered this taxon a subspecies of N. (R.) davidi but noted that “ … kozlovi represents a very special race living in isolation … for a relatively long time ” (Churkin 2004: 192). The treatment of kozlovi as a subspecies of N. (R.) davidi was accepted in the subsequent reviews of the genus (Weidenhoffer et al. 2004, 2016).	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A464FFC7FF48FB7BFE48F989.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Compared with N. (R.) davidi, the following differences were found in the lectotype and paralectotype of Neolycaena kozlovi deposited in ZISP, as well as in the specimens from the Gurvan Saikhan Range, which were previously identified as kozlovi and studied by Churkin (2004) during the review of the N. (R.) davidi group: ventral side of wings strongly dusted with whitish and greenish scales and greenish basal suffusion, especially in males (brown or ochraceous ventral side of wings, sometimes with grey suffusion in the subspecies of N. (R.) davidi); blurred postdiscal pattern usually connected with submarginal pattern by white scales (postdiscal pattern sharp in N. (R.) davidi); narrow linear androconial patch of male forewing consisted of light brown scales (arrow-shaped androconial patch of brown scales in N. (R.) davidi); anal tuft at tip of female abdomen pale, brownish, nearly indistinguishable from ventral side of abdomen (black in all subspecies of N. (R.) davidi); ovoid genital capsule with shortened tegumen and nearly reduced internal projections of vinculum in male genitalia (narrow elongate genital capsule with elongate tegumen and well-developed internal projections of vinculum in N. (R.) davidi); short valva not reaching uncus (longer valva reaching or nearly reaching lobes of uncus in N. (R.) davidi); short aedeagus with short sclerotised keel abruptly truncated (longer aedeagus with longer sclerotised keel rounded at tip in N. (R.) davidi); sclerotised part of female genitalia resembling sandglass dorsally, with rather short narrow antrum nearly as broad as basal part of ductus bursae, place of connection of ductus and bursa copulatrix with large rounded hook (in N. (R.) davidi, sclerotised part of female genitalia resembling reversed bowling pin: antrum broad and long, much more broader than basal section of ductus bursae, turning into narrow short middle part of ductus bursae, place of connection of ductus and bursa copulatrix with shorter truncated hook). From the geographically isolated N. (R.) tangutica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891) the species in question differs in the external morphology and genitalia structure. The diagnostic characters of N. (R.) kozlovi compared with the new species from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China described below are given under the diagnosis of the latter. Taking into account the above-mentioned differences, especially colouration of the female abdomen and those found in the male and female genitalia structures compared with the other taxa of the N. (R.) davidi species group, we consider the taxon kozlovi a distinct species, N. (R.) kozlovi Zhdanko, 1996, stat. rev. A detailed description of this species was given in the previous review of the group (Churkin 2004).	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A464FFC7FF48FB7BFE48F989.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. The nominotypical subspecies is very rare in collections, only several specimens (including the types) are known; it is endemic to the Noen-Ula and Gurvan Saikhan ranges in the Gobi-Altai Mountains in southern Mongolia. The host plant reported in the literature (Churkin 2004) is a species of Caragana (“ surely not microphylla or bungey ”, as stated by the author). Based on the labels data, the flight period is from early June to the middle of July.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A465FFC1FF48F9F7FAA5F8F2.taxon	description	N. (R.) davidi namkhaidorji — Churkin 2004: 182; Weidenhoffer et al. 2004: 72; Yakovlev 2012: 65; Weidenhoffer et al. 2016: 74.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A465FFC1FF48F9F7FAA5F8F2.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype ♂ (photo examined), SW Mongolia, Govi-Altai aimak, Onder Ulaan Uul Mts., 30 km SE Biger vill., N 45 ° 30 ’ 57 ” E 97 ° 29 ’ 20 ”, 1900 – 2000 m, 26. VI. 2002, S. Churkin leg. (DSMM); paratypes: 16 ♂ (2 dissected), 7 ♀ (2 dissected), same locality, S. Churkin, V. Pletnev & S. Chastilov leg. (SChR); 2 ♀, Southern Mongolia, Govi-Altai aimak, 45 km SE Biger vill., 1950 – 2050 m, 27. VI. 2002, S. Churkin leg. (SChR); 1 ♀ (dissected), Southern Mongolia, Govi-Altai aimak, 35 km E Biger vill., Khurkhre, N 45 ° 39 ’ E 97 ° 35 ’, 1450 m, 26. VI. 2002, S. Churkin leg. (SChR); non-type specimens: 2 ♂ (1 dissected), Southern Mongolia, Govi-Altai aimak, 30 km W Tzogt vill., 1800 – 1900 m, N 45 ° 20 ’ 36 ” E 96 ° 16 ’ 22 ”, S. Churkin leg. (SChR); 2 ♂ (dissected), Southern Mongolia, Govi-Altai aimak, Darviin Nuruu (northern slope), 1750 m, 09. VII. 2003, S. Churkin leg. (SChR).	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A465FFC1FF48F9F7FAA5F8F2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The taxon was originally described as a subspecies of N. (R.) davidi from the Mongolian Altai Mountains in southwestern Mongolia (Govi-Altai Aimag, 35 km SE Biger somon). The male and female genitalia of namkhaidorji share all the characters of the nominotypical N. (R.) kozlovi (figs. 27, 31), so we treat this taxon as a subspecies of the latter, N. (R.) kozlovi namkhaidorji Churkin, 2004, comb. nov. It can be distinguished from the nominotypical subspecies by the paler ventral side of the hindwing and the reduced submarginal orange pattern. From the new subspecies of N. (R.) davidi from the Tannuola Mountains, with which it has been mixed up earlier, namkhaidorji differs in the morphology of the male and female genitalia, pale anal tuft of the female abdomen and details of the colouration of the wings (see the diagnosis of the new subspecies below).	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A465FFC1FF48F9F7FAA5F8F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. N. (R.) kozlovi namkhaidorji is endemic to the southeastern Mongolian Altai Mountains. The host plants reported in the literature are Caragana bungei and C. korshinskyi (Churkin 2004). The flight period is from the end of June to the middle of July, depending on the weather conditions and locality.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A461FFCFFF48F9C3FE89FA95.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype ♂ (dissected), China, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Eastern Tian Shan, Karlik Mts., Barkol Range S slope, 53 rd km of 303 provincial road Hami (Ġ Ṁ 市) – Barkol (巴m坤ffi), N 43 ° 13 ’ 18 ” E 93 ° 50 ’ 37 ”, 1850 m, 06. VII. 2016, A. V. Krupitsky leg. (ZMMU); paratypes: 10 ♀ (3 dissected), same locality, 04 – 06. VII. 2016, A. V. Krupitsky leg. (AKM); 5 ♀, same locality, 04. VII. 2016, M. B. Markhasiov leg. (MMKh).	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A461FFCFFF48F9C3FE89FA95.taxon	description	Description. Male (figs. 6, 20). Head: antenna black, white-ringed at bases of segments, club dark with brown tip. Eye surrounded by white stripe, brown with short sparce brownish hairs. Frons black with white hairs closer to vertex. Vertex covered with black scales. Occiput surrounded by whitish hairs. Palpi: segment 2 black dorsally, with white base and white sides ventrally; segment 3 black with white scales on base ventrally. Thorax: dorsal side brown with grey hairs, ventral side brown, densely covered by whitish hairs. Legs brown with white scales and hairs. Abdomen: dorsal side brown, ventral side white. Forewing: dorsal side greyish, base of wing covered with long pale brown scales. Androconial patch on forewing well-developed, rather broad, wedge-shaped, grey. Outer margin dark brown. Fringe dirty white distally, brown mesially, white basally. Ventral side greyish brown, with light brown colouration of submarginal area, apex, upper half of cell and along costa. Costa with creamy scales near base of wing. Transverse vein with small group of white scales forming S-shaped mark. Spaces R 1 – M 2 with small white postdiscal strokes suffused with dark brown scales basally. Submarginal area and apex whitish between veins, with two rows of darkened spots. Hindwing: rounded, with small anal lobe marked with long whitish hairs. Dorsal side greyish brown; outer margin black. Fringe dirty white distally, brown with admixture of white proximally. Ventral side greyish brown with bluish scales and hairs in basal area and light brown scales in discal and postdiscal area. Transverse vein marked by bracket-like white stroke. Postdiscal row consisting of separate white strokes lacking dark shades, connected with submarginal pattern by whitish scales. Submarginal pattern somewhat reduced, separated by veins, with blurred edge, consisting of two rows of black spots surrounded by white scales, with very slight suffusion of pale-orange scales between black spots. Forewing length 13.0 mm. Male genitalia (fig. 27). Falx short, thin, pointed on tip; lobes of uncus with well-developed processes rounded at tips; valva very short, not reaching lobe of uncus, with ovoid basal part and short distal part gradually tapering to tip and bearing small thorn; vinculum inwardly with small lateral projections; saccus very short, broad, with rounded tip. Aedeagus slightly longer than genital capsule, with slightly curved upper cornutus and nearly straight sclerotized keel. Female (figs. 7, 26). Similar to male in appearance. Ventral side of wings generally lighter than in male, more strongly suffused with bluish and greyish scales. Abdomen with grey anal tuft consisting of very short dense hairs. Forewing length 12.0 – 14.0 mm. Female genitalia (fig. 35). Antrum short and very broad, cup-shaped, with very small rounded lamella postvaginalis divided into two parts by membrane; ductus bursae short, strongly broadened to base; base of ductus nearly as broad as antrum; bursa membranous, with very small bidentate signa, second tooth of signa poorly developed. Papillae anales long, broadened, apophyses posteriores short (about 1.3 X of papillae anales length) and broad.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A461FFCFFF48F9C3FE89FA95.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The colour of the dorsal side of the wings varying from light grey to dark grey clearly distinguishes the new species from N. (R.) davidi and N. (R.) kozlovi, both of which have brown dorsal side of the wings of all shades, and from N. (R.) tangutica, which has nearly black dorsal side of the wings. Greyish ventral side of the wings, especially in the females, clearly distinguishes the new species from N. (R.) davidi, different subspecies of which have the brown ventral side of all shades, N. (R.) kozlovi with the light brown ventral side of the wings suffused with whitish and greenish scales and N. (R.) tangutica characterised by the dark-brown ventral side of wings. Compared with the other species of the group, the orange submarginal band of the ventral side of the hindwing are nearly reduced and formed of separate groups of orange scales between black spots, submarginal lunules of the each cell are widely separated by whitish scales (orange elements fully developed and wide, vivid, sometimes fused in a single orange band in subspecies of N. (R.) davidi and N. (R.) tangutica, and usually pale but well developed in both known subspecies of N. (R.) kozlovi). Postdiscal and discal elements of the pattern of the new species are blurred and fine, located closer to the submarginal elements than in N. (R.) davidi and connected with the submarginal pattern by groups of whitish scales. This character somewhat resembles the pattern of N. (R.) kozlovi, but the latter has sharper and wider white spots, basally covered with brown scales. The male forewing is characterised by the largest androconial patch among the known species of the N. (R.) davidi species group. Moreover, the anal tuft of the female abdomen is grey, as the dorsal side of the abdomen, contrasting with the white ventral side (the anal tuft black in all subspecies of N. (R.) davidi and N. (R.) tangutica, and of the same colour as the ventral side of the abdomen in both subspecies of N. (R.) kozlovi). In the male genitalia, genital capsule small, rather narrow, shortened, ovoid (genital capsule elongate, very narrow, with prominent lobes of uncus in N. (R.) davidi and N. (R.) tangutica; short, but broadened, with narrowed vinculum in N. (R.) kozlovi); valva very short, not reaching lobe of uncus (valva longer in all close species), with distal part gradually tapering to tip (apex of valva in N. (R.) davidi, N. (R.) tangutica and N. (R.) kozlovi not oblique, rounded); aedeagus rather short and thin, with upper cornutus curved at apex (aedeagus longer and more robust in N. (R.) davidi and N. (R.) tangutica; upper cornutus arcuate in other close species). In the female genitalia, antrum very wide and short, cup-shaped, lamella postvaginalis very short, ductus bursae broad with very broad base (long wide antrum with long triangular lamella postvaginalis, narrow middle part of ductus bursae and rather narrow base of ductus in N. (R.) davidi and N. (R.) tangutica; long narrow antrum with long triangular lamella postvaginalis, narrow middle part of ductus bursae and rather broad base of ductus nearly as broad as antrum in N. (R.) kozlovi).	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A461FFCFFF48F9C3FE89FA95.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named in honour of Maxim Markhasiov, an amateur entomologist from Khimki, Russia, who collected the first specimen of this new species during the field studies in China in 2016.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A461FFCFFF48F9C3FE89FA95.taxon	distribution	Distribution and bionomics. The new species is endemic to the Karlik Mountains in the Eastern Tian Shan, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. The Karlik Mountains (also known as the Karlik Shan) is the remote easternmost part of the Tian Shan Mountains separated by deserts from the neighbouring Bogda Shan of the Eastern Tian Shan as well as from the Mongolian Altai and Gobi Altai Mountains. The Karlik Mountains are U-shaped, comprising three ranges running in the east-west direction, namely the Karlik Range proceeded by the Barkol Range in the western direction and the Metshin-Ula Range situated to the north of them, and with the Barkol Plateau situated between these ranges. The northern slopes of the Karlik-Barkol ranges are covered by fir forest at mid altitudes, and the southern slopes by dry rocky grasslands with Caragana shrubs. N. (R.) markhasiovi sp. n. was found at mid altitudes (1600 – 1800 m above sea level) on the southern slope of the easternmost Barkol Range, being strongly isolated from the all known populations of the closely related N. (R.) kozlovi from Mongolia by the southeastern Dzhungarian Gobi (fig. 41). The new species inhabits dry rocky grassland (fig. 42) densely covered with Caragana leucophlaea (figs. 43 – 44), which is the most probable host plant. This species of Caragana was not previously reported as hosting Neolycaena species (Churkin 2004; Weidenhoffer et al. 2016). Butterflies rested on the Caragana shrubs and visited surrounding flowers, hiding deep in the shrubs during rainy weather. Most of the collected specimens were rather worn, so it can be concluded that the flight period is from the middle of June to the middle of July. Individuals of the new species were found flying together with Hyponephele przhewalskyi Dubatolov, Sergeev & Zhdanko, H. kirghisa chamyla (Staudinger), Hipparchia autonoe sibirica (Staudinger), Pseudochazara hippolyte mercurius (Staudinger), Melitaea didyma ambra Higgins, Tongeia burte Churkin, Plebejus maracandicus ssp., Plebejus cf. christophi, Polyommatus eros aloisi Bálint, Plebicula amanda ssp. The specimen depicted in Weidenhoffer et al. (2016: 74) as “ ssp. namkhaidorji ” collected in Yiwu locality in the Metshin-Ula Range shares external diagnostic characters with the new species and probably belongs to the latter. Specimens of “ Thecla Tengstroemi Ersch. ” were mentioned by Staudinger (1899: 334) in his work on the Lepidoptera collected by Josef Haberhauer in the mountains situated in “ environs of Chamyl ” (modern Hami city), which are currently known as the Karlik Mountains. They probably belong to N. (R.) markhasiovi sp. n. or to an undescribed species.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46DFFCFFF48FA0BFD44F9A7.taxon	description	(Figs. 8 – 12, 18, 19, 22, 23, 31 – 34, 39, 40)	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46DFFC9FF48F9B8FB20FD21.taxon	description	(Figs. 8, 9, 19, 23, 31, 34, 39)	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46DFFC9FF48F9B8FB20FD21.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: 1 ♂, Russia, southern Tuva, southern slopes of Tanuola Mts., Samagaltai v., 1400 m, 26. V. – 05. VI. 2004 (larvae), ex pupa 26 – 30. VI. 2004, S. Vaschenko leg. (ZMMU); paratypes: 7 ♂, 10 ♀, same label as in the holotype (SChM), 1 ♀, same label (IYuM); 1 ♂ (dissected), 1 ♀ (dissected), Russia, Tuva, southern slopes of Tanuola Mts., 30 km NW Samagaltai v., 1500 m, 25. VI. 2001, R. Yakovlev leg. (SChM); 4 ♂, 2 ♀, same label (RYaB); 7 ♂ Russia, southern Tuva, 5 km S Erzin, semidesert with Caragana spinosa, 18. VI. 2001, R. Yakovlev leg. (SChM); 32 ♂, 18 ♀, same label (RYaB); 1 ♂, southern Tuva, Erzin, 21. VI. 2001, R. Yakovlev leg. (IYuM).	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46DFFC9FF48F9B8FB20FD21.taxon	description	Description. Male (figs. 8, 19) Head: antenna black, white-ringed at bases of segments, club dark with brown tip. Eye surrounded by white stripe, brown with short sparse brownish hairs. Frons black with white hairs closer to vertex. Vertex covered with black scales. Occiput surrounded by whitish hairs. Palpi: segment 2 black dorsally, with white base and white sides ventrally; segment 3 black with white scales on base ventrally. Thorax: dorsal side brown with grey hairs, ventral side brown, densely covered with whitish hairs. Legs brown with white scales and hairs. Abdomen: dorsal side brown, ventral side white. Forewing: dorsal side brown, base of wing covered with long light brown scales. Androconial patch on forewing poorly developed, dark brown, narrow, rather small. Outer margin dark brown. Fringe white distally, brown mesially, dark-brown basally. Ventral side brown, with light brown submarginal area and upper half of cell, darker at postdiscal and submarginal pattern. Margin with creamy scales near base of wing. Transverse vein marked with white stroke. Spaces R 1 — M 2 with white postdiscal strokes suffused by dark brown scales basally. Submarginal area and apex whitish between veins, with two rows of darkened spots. Hindwing: rounded, with small anal lobe marked with long whitish hairs. Dorsal side greyish brown, outer margin black. Fringe dirty white distally, brown with admixture of white proximally. Ventral side greyish brown with bluish scales and hairs in basal area and light brown scales in discal and postdiscal area. Transverse vein marked by bracket-like white stroke. Postdiscal row consisting of separate white strokes with strong dark shading from inner side tending to form single band. Submarginal pattern somewhat reduced, separated by veins consisting of two rows of black spots connected by orange scales and surrounded by white and pale scales, with clear-cut inner row of white V-shaped strokes. Forewing length of holotype 14.0 mm, paratypes 13.0 – 16.0 mm. Male genitalia (fig. 31, 32). Falx long, rather thick, pointed on tip; lobes of uncus with well-developed pointed processes; valva narrow, elongate, reaching or nearly reaching lobe of uncus, with ovoid basal part and somewhat shorter distal part slightly broadened to tip and bearing small thorn; vinculum inwardly with large lateral projections nearly reaching valvae; saccus very short, rounded. Aedeagus slightly longer than genital capsule, with arcuate upper cornutus, short, nearly straight under cornutus and with nearly straight sclerotized keel with rounded tip. Female (figs. 9, 22). Similar to male in appearance. Dorsal side stronger suffused by bluish and greyish scales, dark suffusion of postdiscal pattern less developed. Abdomen with black anal tuft. Forewing length 12.0 – 15.0 mm. Female genitalia (fig. 38). Distal part of ductus bursae very broad, rhomboid, with long triangular lamella postvaginalis divided on two parts by membrane and funnel-shaped antrum turning in very short and thin ductus bursae broadened to base; bursa membranous, with very small bidentate signa, second tooth of signa poorly developed.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46DFFC9FF48F9B8FB20FD21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In general, the male and female genitalia of N. (R.) davidi tannuola ssp. n. share all the diagnostic characters of the wings and genitalia structure with the other known subspecies of N. (R.) davidi as well as the colouration of the female abdomen, although the females of the new subspecies are characterised by the larger distal part of the ductus bursae. The pale ventral side of the wings makes the new subspecies similar to the geographically adjacent N. (R.) davidi victoriae Churkin, 2004. The unique diagnostic character of the new subspecies clearly distinguishing it from the other subspecies of N. (R.) davidi is a peculiarity of the postdiscal pattern of the ventral side of the hindwing: white strokes of the postdiscal pattern are strongly shaded by dark brown scales, especially in the males, the postdiscal pattern tending to form a connected band (postdiscal pattern poorly shaded or brown scales absent, consisted of separate strokes in the other subspecies). The four strokes of the postdiscal band in the cells Sc + R 1 – M 2 form Z-shaped marking in the upper part of the hindwing in most of the studied specimens, especially in males. Additionally, the new subspecies is characterised by poorly developed orange elements of the submarginal pattern of the hindwing compared to the other subspecies of N. (R.) davidi. This character somewhat recalls that of namkhaidorji, see diagnosis above and in Churkin (2004: 184). Individual variation. The intensity of the dark postdiscal shading varies between specimens. The shape of the male genital capsule slightly varies between specimens, as in other subspecies of N. (R.) davidi. Taxonomic note. Sergei Churkin (pers. comm.) kindly informed me that during the preparation of the review of the davidi species group (Churkin 2004) he ascribed populations of N. (R.) davidi from southern Tuva to the subspecies namkhaidorji based on some common characters such as poorly developed orange pattern and relatively small size. In the description of the latter taxon, the author united the diagnostic characters of both namkhaidorji from the type locality in Mongolia and the so-called “ northern race ” of namkhaidorji from southern Tuva. It caused an erroneous treatment of the taxon namkhaidorji as a widely distributed subspecies of N. (R.) davidi (with the range extending from southwestern Mongolia to Tuva in Russia) by subsequent authors (Weidenhoffer et al. 2004; 2016). It is important to note that specimens from Tuva were not included in the type series of namkhaidorji from environs of Biger in southwestern Mongolia. The “ northern race ” was not described as a separate subspecies due to the lack of distinct external characters compared with namkhaidorji and the absence of comparative material from western Mongolia (Churkin 2004: 185). The black anal abdominal tuft of the female and the genitalic characters mentioned above clarified the position of this isolated population and led to consider it a subspecies of N. (R.) davidi.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46DFFC9FF48F9B8FB20FD21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after the type locality, Tannu-Ola Mountains (southern Tuva, Russia).	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46DFFC9FF48F9B8FB20FD21.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. N. (R.) davidi tannuola ssp. n. inhabits the Tannu-Ola Mountains in Tuva, Russia, and probably the Khan-Khokhi Mountains in the southwestern Khangai mountain system in Mongolia (Fig. 42); further distribution needs confirmation. Populations of the new subspecies are among the westernmost known populations of N. (R.) davidi. The host plant reported in the literature for the populations of Tuva is Caragana bungei (Churkin 2004). According to the data of labels, the flight period is from the end of June to the end of July.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46BFFCAFF48F958FB0AFD0D.taxon	materials_examined	Material. 4 ♂ (1 dissected), 1 ♀ (dissected), China, Qinghai Prov., Xining City, 36 ° 36 ’ N 101 ° 46 ’ E, 2400 m, 29. VI. 2013, A. V. Krupitsky leg. (AKM); 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (dissected), China, Gansu Prov., Gannan Prefecture, Xiahe County, Xiahe (H 河), Daxia River (± H 河) valley SE slope, N 35 ° 10 ’ 50 ” E 102 ° 30 ’ 34 ”, 3000 – 3300 m, 26. VII. 2016, Krupitsky A. V. leg. (AKM); 20 ♂ (5 dissected), 15 ♀ (3 dissected), China, Gansu Prov., Gannan Prefecture, Xiahe County, Xiahe (H 河), Daxia River (± H 河) valley SE slope, N 35 ° 12 ’ 47 ” E 102 ° 29 ’ 18 ”, 3100 – 3500 m, 27. VII. 2016, Krupitsky A. V. leg. (AKM).	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46BFFCAFF48F958FB0AFD0D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species differs from all the known species of the N. (R.) davidi species group in the very dark colouration and drop-shaped white spots of the postdiscal row of the ventral side of the hindwing connected with the submarginal row by white scales, as well as the indistinct androconia in the male forewing. The female anal tuft is greyish black, consisting of mixture of black and grey scales, in contrast with the black anal tuft in N. (R.) davidi, pale in N. (R.) kozlovi and grey in N. (R.) markhasiovi sp. n. The male genitalia clearly differ from those of the other species of the N. (R.) davidi group in the long narrow genital capsule and the long valva. The female genitalia generally share characters with those of N. (R.) davidi but the basal projection of the ductus is very short.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
03B11679A46BFFCAFF48F958FB0AFD0D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and bionomics. Distributed in the Qilian (Nan Shan) Mountains in Qinghai and Gansu provinces. According to field observations in 2013 in eastern Qinghai Province (Xining City) and in 2016 in southern Gansu (Xiahe valley), the host plant is Caragana tangutica in Qinghai and C. densa in Gansu, respectively.	en	Krupitsky, Anatoly V. (2021): Taxonomy of the Neolycaena (Rhymnaria) davidi (Oberthür, 1881) species group with the description of two new taxa from Russia and China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4966 (5): 501-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.5.1
