identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5F738E5FFF8E45169FFE7D06EA27FCDB.text	5F738E5FFF8E45169FFE7D06EA27FCDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bostryx Troschel 1847	<div><p>Genus Bostryx Troschel, 1847</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Bulimulus (Bostryx) solutus Troschel, 1847 (original designation by monotypy).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>This genus can be characterized as having a protoconch with axial costules or wrinkles, with numerous fine spiral grooves well marked and densely arranged. Penial retractor muscle inserted in terminal portion of phallic complex. Flagellum inner wall with diagonal folds converging at a central longitudinal fold. Epiphallus divided into proximal thin and wider distal portion. Penis divided by a thin area into proximal swollen portion 1/3 of total penis length and distal cylindrical portion, ¾ of total penis length. Penis proximal portion with inner penis gland and two different sculptures in the inner wall. Penial sheath muscular overlapping more than half portion of penis with retractor muscle inserted in its proximal end. Bursa copulatrix duct divided into proximal thin and wider distal portion.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F738E5FFF8E45169FFE7D06EA27FCDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, María José	Miranda, María José (2014): Bostryx tortoranus (Doering, 1879) species complex (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Bulimulidae), a review of taxonomy and distribution of endemic species from Argentina. Journal of Natural History 49 (17 - 18): 995-1022, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.981313, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.981313
5F738E5FFF8E45199F997F8FE8E0FC01.text	5F738E5FFF8E45199F997F8FE8E0FC01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bostryx rudisculptus (Parodiz 1956)	<div><p>Bostryx rudisculptus (Parodiz, 1956)</p> <p>(Figures 1 – 4)</p> <p>Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) rudisculptus Parodiz, 1956: 78; Fernández, 1973: 85; Fernández and Castellanos, 1973: 279; Tablado and Mantinian, 2004: 371.</p> <p>Bostryx rudisculptus Breure, 1979: 58; Cuezzo et al. 2013: 143.</p> <p>Bostryx tortoranus Miquel, 1995: 123 [partim].</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype (MACN-In 380), Paratypes (MACN-In 380 – 1 (5)).</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>‘ Baños de Villavil, provincia de Catamarca ’. Villavil is located in Catamarca province, Belén Department.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Argentina, Prov. Catamarca, Dept. Belén: MACN-In 380, Baños de Villa Vil, 1933, Gómez M, leg.; MACN-In 380 – 1, Baños de Villa Vil, 1933, Gómez M, leg.; MLP 10171, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.36111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.58889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.36111/lat -26.58889)">Baños de Villa Vil</a>, 1951, Carranza C; Dept. Santa María: IFML 16460, 10 km before La Hoyada, 26° 35 ′ 20 ″ S, 66° 21 ′ 40 ″ W, 2760 m, 25 November 2003, Cuezzo MG leg.</p> <p>Shell. Dextral, fusiform, slender, thin, of 5½ whorls slightly convex (Figure 1A). Shell pale brown, with darker bands (Figure 1A). Protoconch with thick, axial, elevated costules, more marked near suture, parallel to each other (Figure 1B – E). Costules separated by regular narrow spaces. Spiral grooves, parallel, densely arranged, crossing them, thinner than costules (Figure 1B – E). Spire high conic, with whorls increasing regularly in diameter (Figure 1A). Body whorl tall in relation to total height of the shell, 70% of the total length (Figure 1A). Teleoconch with axial oblique ribs (Figure 1A). Suture simple, slightly deep (Figure 1A). Aperture elongated-ovate, tall, half of total shell length (Figure 1A). Parietal space narrow, smooth (Figure 1A). Peristome simple, not expanded (Figure 1A). Umbilicus narrow, partially overlapped by the peristome (Figure 1A).</p> <p>Measurements. Type material measurements in Table 1.</p> <p>Range of variability of the species: masd = 5.68 – 9.46; misd = 5.54 – 9.46; th = 12.89 – 20.63; bwh = 9.64 – 14.60; sh = 4.03 – 7.97; ah = 7.05 – 10.02; mad = 4.28 – 6.30.</p> <p>External morphology. Lateral groove from genital orifice towards mantle collar, well marked. Foot elongate, basal sole homogeneous, not divided.</p> <p>Digestive system. Jaw arched with 12 plaques, without sculpture. Central plaque rectangular divided into two minor plaques. Lateral plaques rectangular in shape, regular in size. Radula narrow and long. Central tooth small, triangular, tricuspid (Figure 2A). First lateral tooth bicuspid, similar in size and shape to central tooth (Figure 2A). Marginal teeth bicuspid or tricuspid (Figure 2B, C).</p> <p>Pallial system (one specimen dissected). Kidney triangular, wider than long, slightly longer than pericardial cavity with inner longitudinal lamellae in contact between them. Pericardial cavity shorter than kidney. Primary ureter bordering kidney along its length. Secondary ureter parallel to rectum, opening at proximal portion of rectum. Distally the secondary ureter splitting into adrectal and abrectal branches. Interramus zone, rectangular, excavated. Rectum opening at mantle collar. Main pulmonary vein, parallel to rectum, with distal portion thinner than proximal portion. Minor veins well marked and thin.</p> <p>Reproductive system (one specimen dissected). Ovotestis embedded in digestive gland. Albumen gland bean-shaped (Figure 3A, B). Hermaphroditic duct divided into three parts, central part convoluted seminal vesicle (Figure 3A, B). Proximal and distal hermaphroditic duct portion thin and elongated, and distal portion inserting into half portion of albumen gland (Figure 3A, B). Fertilization pouch – spermathecal complex, long and finger-shaped (Figure 3B). Spermoviduct oviducal portion long, transversely sacculated (Figure 3A). Distally, spermoviduct splitting into free oviduct and vas deferens (Figure 3A). Free oviduct shorter and thinner than vagina (Figure 3A). Bursa copulatrix sac rounded, small, with long duct, reaching distal portion of albumen gland, with broader distal portion (Figure 3A). Bursa copulatrix duct with two different inner wall sculptures, proximal longitudinal straight folds, distal zigzag folds. Vagina cylindrical, 1/3 of penis length (Figure 3A), inner wall with longitudinal parallel thick straight folds. Penial complex formed by penis, epiphallus and flagellum. Penial retractor muscle short, inserted terminally in flagellum (Figure 3C, D). Flagellum thin, short and cylindrical (Figure 3C, D) with inner folds diagonal with respect to central fold, longitudinal, thin fold extending towards epiphallus (Figure 3D). Epiphallus longer than flagellum, progressively increasing its width towards penis (Figure 3C, D). Inner epiphallus wall with straight, parallel folds in proximal portion, zigzag folds in distal portion (Figure 3D). Penis as long as epiphallus, divided into two regions by a thinner middle section (Figure 3C, D). Proximal penis swollen, internally wall sculpture consisting of thin straight folds followed by smooth area. Distal penis cylindrical with inner straight longitudinal folds area (Figure 3D). Inner penial papilla in proximal penis portion, elongated, triangular with terminal pore (Figure 3D). Penis sheath muscular, folded upon itself in its proximal portion, overlapping the distal portion of penis (Figure 3D). Retractor muscle, not divided, inserting on upper end of penis sheath (Figure 3A). Vas deferens thin, inserting at basal penis sheath (Figure 3A). Atrium short (Figure 3A), inner wall with zigzag folds.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Bostryx rudisculptus was originally described in Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) Pilsbry, by Parodiz (1956), based on shell characters. However, strikingly in 1957 Parodiz did not list Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) rudisculptus as a species present in Argentina. Later Miquel (1995) relocated B. rudisculptus in Bostryx, the genus in which it is currently maintained (Cuezzo et al. 2013). The protoconch ’ s sculpture and the reproductive system organization confirm its classification in Bostryx.</p> <p>Abbreviations: ah, apertural height; bwh, body whorl height; H, holotype; mad, apertural diameter; masd, major diameter of the shell; misd, Minor diameter; n, number of specimens; P, paratype; S, syntype; sh, spire height; th, total shell height;. Bostryx tortoranus (Doering, 1879) measurements according to Breure (2013). Measurements in mm.</p> <p>Bostryx rudisculptus has a similar range to Bostryx catamarcanus (Parodiz 1956), a species which can be clearly differentiated by its shell shape and size. The shell of B. rudisculptus is smaller in height and diameter as well as aperture (in height and diameter); the teleoconch has ribs and darker bands. In B. catamarcanus in contrast, the teleoconch has costules and uniform coloration.</p> <p>Bostryx rudisculptus is one of the smaller Argentinean species in the genus Bostryx, together with Bostryx cordillerae (Strobel), Bostryx costellatus (Hylton Scott) and Bostryx reedi (Parodiz). Bostryx rudisculptus differs from B. cordillerae and B. reedi by its shell that has ribs and a taller aperture. Moreover it differs from B. reedi because of its slender shell, without parietal callus and narrower umbilicus. Bostryx rudisculptus differs from B. costellatus by its more slender shell, with narrower umbilicus, thinner walls and a teleoconch with densely arranged ribs, whereas in B. costellatus there are thicker and higher ribs, and these are more widely spaced.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat</p> <p>Bostryx rudisculptus is endemic to Catamarca province (26 – 27° S, 66 – 67°W), and known from Belén and Santa María Departments. It inhabits High Monte ecoregion (Figure 4) ranging in altitude between 1630 and 2760 m. It is found under rocks in contact with moist soil.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F738E5FFF8E45199F997F8FE8E0FC01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, María José	Miranda, María José (2014): Bostryx tortoranus (Doering, 1879) species complex (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Bulimulidae), a review of taxonomy and distribution of endemic species from Argentina. Journal of Natural History 49 (17 - 18): 995-1022, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.981313, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.981313
5F738E5FFF8145039FED7FC5ED68FBC8.text	5F738E5FFF8145039FED7FC5ED68FBC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bostryx martinezi (Hylton Scott 1965)	<div><p>Bostryx martinezi (Hylton Scott, 1965)</p> <p>(Figures 4 – 8)</p> <p>Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) martinezi Hylton Scott, 1965: 25; Fernández and Castellanos, 1973: 278; Tablado and Mantinian, 2004: 371.</p> <p>Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) cicheroi Hylton Scott, 1967: 7.</p> <p>Bostryx martinezi Breure, 1978: 100, Breure, 1979: 55.</p> <p>Bostryx tortoranus Miquel, 1995: 123 [partim]; Cuezzo et al. 2013: 147. [partim]</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) martinezi: Holotype (MLP 11448), Paratypes (MLP 11011 (1), MLP 11012 (1), MLP 11445 (1), MLP 11446 (1), MLP 11447 (1), MACN-In 27208 (3)). Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) cicheroi: Holotype (MLP 10996), Paratypes (MLP 10995 (1), MLP 10997 (1), MACN-In 27281 (1)).</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>‘ Chancani, Sierra de Pocho, Córdoba ’. Chancani is located in western Cordoba province, Pocho Department.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Argentina, Prov. Córdoba, Dept. Pocho: IFML 15608 (ex CWW 911), Sierra de Pocho, between Las Palmas and Chancani, 1050 m, 12 November 1967, Weyrauch W leg. and det.; IFML 15611 (ex CWW 1257), Sierra de Pocho, on the road between Las Palmas and Chancani, 1050 – 1250 m, 11 December 1969, Weyrauch W leg. and det.; IFML 15610 (ex CWW 2889), Sierra de Pocho, between Las Palmas and Chancani, north-west slope of Sierra de Pocho, 600 – 900 m, 2 December 1969, Weyrauch W leg. and det.; IFML 15609 (ex SMF 195593), Sierra de Pocho, route between Las Palmas and Chancani, 1050 – 1250 m, 2 December 1969, Weyrauch W leg. and det.; IFML 15506 A, Chancani, from Las Palmas to El Cadillo, 869 m, 31° 22 ′ 01 ″ S, 65° 24 ′ 74 ″ W, 18 March 2006, Cuezzo MG and Salas Oroño E leg.; IFML 15507 A, Chancani, from Las Palmas to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.41473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.37139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.41473/lat -31.37139)">El Cadillo</a>, before the third tunnel, 921 m, 31° 22 ′ 17 ″ S, 65° 24 ′ 53 ″ W, 18 March 2006, Cuezzo MG and Salas Oroño E leg.; IFML 15508 A, Chancani, from Las Palmas to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.39166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.39166/lat -31.383333)">El Cadillo</a>, 1440 m, 31° 22 ′ 60 ″ S, 65° 23 ′ 30 ″ W, 18 March 2006, Cuezzo MG and Salas Oroño E leg.; IBN 826, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.35133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.371216" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.35133/lat -31.371216)">Sierra de Pocho</a>, 1021 m, 31° 22.273 ′ S, 65° 21.080 ′ W, 3 December 2012, Miranda MJ and Romero F leg.; IBN 829, Sierra de Pocho, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.39128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.37475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.39128/lat -32.37475)">Quebrada de La Mermela</a>, 1085 m, 32° 22.485 ′ S, 65° 23.477 ′ W, Miranda MJ leg.; MACN-In 25870, Chancani, 1944, Castellanos A. leg.; MACN-In 27208, Sierra de Pocho, between Las Palmas and Chancani, Martínez A leg.; MACN-In 27431 A, Sierra de Pocho, between Las Palmas and Chancani, November 1966, Cichero M leg.; MACN-In 36892 A, Sierra de Pocho, between Las Palmas and Chancani; MLP 11011, Sierra de Pocho, between Las Palmas and Chancani; MLP 11012, Sierra de Pocho, between Las Palmas and Chancani, January 1965, Martínez A leg.; MLP 11446, Sierra de Pocho, between Las Palmas and Chancani, January 1965, Martínez A leg.; MLP 11447, Sierra de Pocho, between Las Palmas and Chancani, January 1965, Martínez A leg.; MLP 11448, Pampa de Pocho, Chancani, January 1965, Martínez A leg. Prov. San Luis, Dept. Junín: MACN-In 27281, Quebrada de Cautana, 3 December 1966, Cichero JA leg.; MLP 10995, Quebrada de Cautana; MLP 10996, Quebrada de Cautana, Cichero JA leg.; MLP 10997, Quebrada de Cautana, Cichero JA leg., MLP 11441, Quebrada de Cautana, 3 December 1966, Cichero JA leg.</p> <p>Shell. Dextral, fusiform, slender, thin, with 6 to 6¼, flat to slightly convex whorls (Figure 5A – C). Shell uniform yellowish or with darker bands from the third whorl in some specimens. First whorl of the protoconch with thick, axial, elevated costules, parallel to each other and spiral grooves with the same thickness, densely arranged (Figure 6A, B). Second whorl of protoconch with axial, elevated costules, thicker than the spiral grooves and more densely arranged than the first whorl (Figure 6A, C, D). Spire high conic, with whorls increasing regularly in diameter (Figure 5A – C). Body whorl tall in relation to total height of the shell, 80% of the total length (Figure 5A – C). Teleoconch with axial oblique elevated costules, more evident from fourth whorl (Figure 5A – C). Spiral lines crossing them in some specimens. Suture simple, slightly deep (Figure 5A – C). Aperture elongated-ovate, short, 40% of total shell length (Figure 5A – C). Parietal space narrow, smooth (Figure 5A – C). Peristome simple, not expanded (Figure 5A – C). Umbilicus narrow (Figure 5A – C).</p> <p>Measurements. Type material measurements in Table 1.</p> <p>Range of variability of the species: masd = 7.89 – 11.0; misd = 7.27 – 9.70; th = 18.30 – 24.60; bwh = 13.80 – 17.70; sh = 5.40 – 8.80; ah = 9.70 – 12.70; mad = 4.98 – 6.97.</p> <p>External morphology. Animal body homogeneously pale brown, with lateral groove from genital orifice towards mantle collar, well marked. Foot elongate, basal sole homogeneous, not divided.</p> <p>Digestive system. Jaw arched with 14 plaques and fine transverse striae. Central plaque triangular divided into two minor triangular plaques. Lateral plaques rectangular in shape, irregular in size. Central tooth triangular, tricuspid, with rounded tip, smaller than the lateral teeth (Figure 7A). First lateral tooth bicuspid, similar in size and shape to central tooth (Figure 7A). Marginal teeth similar to lateral teeth, bicuspid with a sharply pointed ectocone (Figure 7B, C).</p> <p>Pallial system (six specimens dissected). Kidney triangular, 1/3 of lung roof length. Secondary ureter opening at proximal portion of roof length. Rest of system idem to B. rudisculptus.</p> <p>Reproductive system (six specimens dissected). Free oviduct longer and thinner than vagina (Figure 8A). Bursa copulatrix duct long, reaching distal portion of albumen gland (Figure 8A). Bursa copulatrix duct inner wall with longitudinal zigzag folds. Vagina inner wall with longitudinal parallel thinner straight folds. Epiphallus length 2/3 of penis length (Figure 8A, B). Proximal portion of inner wall of penis with straight folds followed by smooth area and distal portion with relaxed zigzag folds or straight longitudinal folds area (Figure 8B). Rest of reproductive system idem to B. rudisculptus.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Bostryx martinezi was originally described by Hylton Scott (1965) in Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) Pilsbry, based on the shell morphology, radula and jaw. In 1978, Breure published the first anatomical study of B. martinezi and relocated it in the genus Bostryx Troschel, 1847. Finally, B. martinezi was listed in synonymy with Bostryx tortoranus (Doering, 1879) by Miquel (1995) and Cuezzo et al. (2013). Based on the conchological, radular and anatomical observations performed, diagnostic characters discussed later allow the removal of B. martinezi from the synonymy with B. tortoranus. Additionally, the following change is proposed: Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) cicheroi Hylton Scott, 1967 is transferred from synonymy with B. tortoranus to synonymy with B. martinezi. This new synonymy is established based on similarities in shell morphology and the fact that shell measurements of B. cicheroi fit the range of those of B. martinezi. Moreover, the anatomical description of B. cicheroi performed by Hylton Scott (1967) is coincident with the anatomy of B. martinezi.</p> <p>Bostryx martinezi differs from Bostryx peristomatus (Doering, 1879), a species also found in Sierra de Pocho, because B. martinezi is smaller than B. peristomatus (in shell height and diameter) with narrower umbilicus without carina, shorter aperture and peristome simple. Moreover, in B. martinezi the teleoconch sculpture consists of axial costules whereas B. peristomatus has thicker axial ribs and a finely granulate appearance to the last whorls. Regarding morphological characters, B. martinezi differs from B. peristomatus because of its shorter kidney with respect to pulmonary roof length, the ureter secondary aperture in the proximal portion of the pulmonary roof, and the free oviduct longer than the vagina.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat</p> <p>Bostryx martinezi is found from Cordoba to San Luis (31 – 32° S, 65° W), in the Dry Chaco ecoregions (Figure 4) and within an altitudinal range between 600 and 1440 m (both records from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.0/lat -32.0)">Sierra de Pocho</a>). It is found on rocks on the side of rivers.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F738E5FFF8145039FED7FC5ED68FBC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, María José	Miranda, María José (2014): Bostryx tortoranus (Doering, 1879) species complex (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Bulimulidae), a review of taxonomy and distribution of endemic species from Argentina. Journal of Natural History 49 (17 - 18): 995-1022, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.981313, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.981313
5F738E5FFF9B45049FD7789CE832FADD.text	5F738E5FFF9B45049FD7789CE832FADD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bostryx tortoranus (Doering 1879)	<div><p>Bostryx tortoranus (Doering, 1879)</p> <p>(Figures 4, 9 – 12)</p> <p>Bulimulus (Bulimulus) tortoranus Doering, 1879: 71.</p> <p>Bulimulus (Bostryx-Lissoacme) tortoranus Pilsbry, 1895 – 1896: 192.</p> <p>Bulimulus jujuyensis Holmberg; Holmberg, 1912: 149; Hylton Scott, 1945: 207; Parodiz, 1946: 315; Parodiz, 1957: 134; Parodiz, 1962: 434; Breure, 1978: 144; Tablado and Mantinian, 2004: 371; Miquel, 1995: 123.</p> <p>Peronaeus (Lissoacme) tortoranus Parodiz, 1946: 315; Parodiz, 1947: 12; Parodiz, 1957: 23; Fernández, 1973: 98.</p> <p>Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) hyltonscottae Parodiz, 1956: 59; Miquel, 1995: 123.</p> <p>Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) gladysae Hylton Scott, 1967: 8; Miquel, 1995: 123.</p> <p>Bostryx tortoranus Breure, 1979: 59; Miquel, 1995: 123; Cuezzo et al. 2013: 147.</p> <p>Bostryx gladysae Breure, 1979: 54.</p> <p>Bostryx hyltonscottae Breure, 1979: 54.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Bulimulus (Bulimulus) tortoranus: Syntypes (ZMB 34718 (3)) ex Doering, according to Breure (2013). Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) gladysae: Holotype (MLP 13345), Paratypes (MLP 11007 (1), MLP 11442 (1), MLP 11006 (1), MLP 11444 (1), MLP 11443 (1), MACN-In 27282 (4)); Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) hyltonscottae: Holotype (MACN-In 6516), Paratypes (MACN-In 6516 – 1 (4)); Bulimulus jujuyensis: Holotype (MACN-In 32686); Bulimulus (Bulimulus) monticola: Syntypes (ZMB 34734 (2)); Bulimulus sporadicus gracilis: Hylton Scott, 1948 Holotype (MLP 11015), Paratypes (MLP 11014 (4)).</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>‘… quebradas húmedas de la sierra de Pocho (Totoras, Yatan, Cerro Salado) ’. The mountain system ‘ Sierra de Pocho ’ is located in Cordoba Province, Pocho Department.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Argentina, Prov. Catamarca, Dept. Andalgalá: MLP 11006, Foot of Cuesta de la Chilca, 1951; MLP 11007, Foot of Cuesta de la Chilca; MLP 13345, Cuesta de la Chilca, Birabén G leg.; MLP 11442, Cuesta de la Chilca, March 1950; MLP 11443, Foot of Cuesta de la Chilca; MLP 11444, Foot of Cuesta de la Chilca; MLP 11149, Foot of Cuesta de la Chilca; MACN-In 27282, Cuesta de la Chilca, March 1950, Birabén Scott G leg. Prov. Córdoba, Dept. Pocho, IFML 16359, Sierra de Pocho, route to Las Palmas, 31° 20.774 ″ S, 65° 5.396 ′ W, 944 m, 4 December 2012, Miranda MJ leg. Prov. Jujuy: MACN-In 19461, Humahuaca river, January 1931, Budín leg. Dept. Ledesma: IFML 158, in route from Tilcara to Garganta del Diablo, 2800 m, 12 September 1962, Willink A leg.; IFML 15607 (ex CWW 2657), in route from Tilcara to Garganta del Diablo, 2800 m, 18 January 1967, Weyrauch W leg.; IFML 14877 A, Cerro Negro, Tilcara, 3000 m, 26 January 2007, Cuezzo MG and Domínguez E leg.; IFML 15530, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.37056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.566055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.37056/lat -23.566055)">Cerro Negro</a>, 23° 33 ′ 57.8 ″ S, 65° 22 ′ 14.0 ″ W, 3143 m, 21 November 2010, Cuezzo MG leg.; IFML 15001 A, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.37769&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.570501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.37769/lat -23.570501)">Cerro Negro</a>, 23° 34 ′ 13.8 ″ S, 65° 22 ′ 39.7 ″ W, 2806 m, 21 November 2010, Cuezzo MG leg.; MLP 8071, Fraile Pintado, Birabén M leg. Dept. Tilcara: MACN-In 19590 – 1, Maimará, March 1931, Budín leg.; MACN-In 30619 A, Cerro Pucará, February 1968, de la Puente R leg.; MACN-In 19506, Tilcara; MACN-In 32686, Tilcara, January 1908, Ambrosetti H leg.; MACN-In 19507, Tilcara, February 1931, Casanova and Gatto leg.; MLP 8075, Tilcara, 1945, Hylton Scott MI leg.; MLP 8070, Tilcara, February 1944, Hylton Scott MI leg. and det.; MLP 1526 – 1, Tilcara, February 1944, Hylton Scott MI leg. and det. Dept. Tumbaya: MLP 8078, Tumbaya, Weyrauch W leg. Prov. Salta, Dept. Cachi: IFML 15505 A, Route 40, from Cachi to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.19583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.21028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.19583/lat -25.21028)">Cafayate</a>, 2160 m, 25° 12 ′ 37 ″ S, 66° 11 ′ 45 ″ W, Cuezzo MG leg.; IFML 15612, Los Cardones National Park, Pampa TinTin, 3200 m, 25° 08 ′ 08 ″ S, 66° 0 ′ 50 ″ W, Delhey leg. Dept. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.013885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.135555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.013885/lat -25.135555)">Cafayate</a>: IFML 15248, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.96611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.136389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.96611/lat -26.136389)">between Cafayate and Colalao del Valle</a>, 26° 08 ′ 11 ″ S, 65° 57 ′ 58 ″ W, 2156 m, Cuezzo MG leg. Prov. San Luis, Dept. Ayacucho: MACN-In 6516, El Zapallar, 1947, Hylton Scott MI and Birabén M leg.; MACN-In 6516 – 1, El Zapallar, 1947, Hylton Scott MI and Birabén M. Prov. Tucumán, Dept. Tafí del Valle: IFML 15502 A, between Amaicha and El Infiernillo, after <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.834724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.834724/lat -26.635)">Ampimpa</a>, 26° 38 ′ 06 ″ S, 65° 50 ′ 05 ″ W, 21 December 2001; IFML 15503 A, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.820274&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.670555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.820274/lat -26.670555)">Route</a> 307, between Amaicha and El Infiernillo, 26° 40 ′ 14 ″ S, 65° 49 ′ 13 ″ W, 2756 m, 21 December 2001, Ituarte C leg.; IFML 15504 A, Ruinas de Quilmes, 3 January 2004, Domínguez E leg.; IFML 15282, 5 km after <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.251944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.945/lat -26.251944)">Colalao del Valle</a>, on the side of route, 26° 15 ′ 07 ″ S, 65° 56 ′ 42 ″ W, Cuezzo MG leg.; IFML 15281, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.81278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.680277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.81278/lat -26.680277)">Route</a> 307 between Amaicha and El Infiernillo, 26° 40 ′ 49 ″ S, 65° 48 ′ 46 ″ W, 2850 m, 26 November 2002, Cuezzo MG leg.; IFML 15510 A, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.638332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.825/lat -26.638332)">Route</a> 307, between Tafí del Valle and Amaicha, 26° 38 ′ 18 ″ S, 65° 49 ′ 30 ″ W, 2650 m, 26 November 2002, Cuezzo MG leg.</p> <p>Shell. Dextral, elongated-ovate, of 5½ to 6½ whorls slightly convex (Figure 9A – C). Shell whitish to yellowish brown. Protoconch with thick, axial, elevated costules slightly wavy, discontinuous, and parallel to each other (Figure 10A – C). Costules separated by regular narrow spaces (Figure 10A – C). Spiral grooves thinner than costules, parallel, more densely arranged, crossing them (Figure 10A – C). Spire high conic, with whorls increasing regularly in diameter (Figure 9A – C). Body whorl tall in relation to the total height of the shell, 75% of the total length (Figure 9A – C). Teleoconch with axial, elevated oblique ribs (Figure 9A – C), irregularly arranged. Suture simple, deep (Figure 9A – C). Aperture elongated-ovate, tall, half the total shell length (Figure 9A – C). Parietal space narrow, smooth (Figure 9A – C). Peristome simple not expanded (Figure 9A – C). Umbilicus rimate (Figure 9A – C).</p> <p>Measurements. Type material measurements in Table 1.</p> <p>Range of variability of the species: masd = 8.93 – 11.98; misd = 8.70 – 11.0; th = 18.80 – 29.87; bwh = 14.70 – 22.11; sh = 5.60 – 8.90; ah = 10.0 – 15.35; mad = 6.10 – 8.90.</p> <p>External morphology. Animal body homogeneously pale yellowish, with lateral groove from genital orifice towards mantle collar, well marked. Foot elongate, basal sole homogeneous, not divided.</p> <p>Digestive system. Jaw arched with nine to 11 plaques, without sculpture. Central plaque triangular not divided. Lateral plaques rectangular in shape, the two next to central plaque similar in size, following lateral plaques smaller than the central plaque. Central tooth small, triangular, tricuspid, with rounded tip (Figure 11A, B). First lateral tooth tricuspid, similar in size and shape to central tooth (Figure 11A). Following lateral teeth bicuspid, ectocones developed (Figure 11C). Tooth lateral from 23 teeth of the tooth central bicuspid with serrate ectocone (splitting into two little cones) (Figure 11C). Marginal teeth bicuspid with a rounded ectocone (Figure 11D).</p> <p>Pallial system (10 specimens dissected). Secondary ureter opening at half rectum length. Rest of system idem to B. rudisculptus.</p> <p>Reproductive system (10 specimens dissected). Free oviduct longer and thinner than vagina (Figure 12A). Bursa copulatrix duct long reaching middle portion of albumen gland (Figure 12A). Bursa copulatrix duct with inner zigzag longitudinal folds. Vagina cylindrical, 1/3 of penis length (Figure 12A), inner wall with straight longitudinal parallel folds. Epiphallus the same length as the penis (Figure 12A, B). Proximal penis swollen, with inner zigzag folds followed by smooth area, distal portion cylindrical with inner zigzag folds (Figure 12B). Rest of reproductive system idem to B. rudisculptus.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Bostryx tortoranus was originally described by Doering (1879) in Bulimulus (Bulimulus) Leach, 1815, based on shell and jaw characters. Subsequently Pilsbry (1895 – 1896) classified it in Bulimulus (Bostryx-Lissoacme) Pilsbry, 1896 due to the absence of sculpture on the protoconch. Later, Parodiz (1946) confirmed that the protoconch of this species had a spiral striation and classified it as B. tortoranus in Peronaeus Albers, 1850. Finally, Breure (1979) relocated B. tortoranus to Bostryx, a placement currently maintained (Miquel 1995; Cuezzo et al. 2013).</p> <p>The examination of the type material and numerous other specimens in the Argentinean museums indicates that this species shows high shell variability in form, size and coloration. In agreement with Miquel (1995) and Cuezzo et al. (2013), Bulimulus jujuyensis, Bulimulus hyltonscottae and Bulimulus gladysae are also considered here as synonyms of B. tortoranus.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat</p> <p>Bostryx tortoranus is found latitudinally from Jujuy to San Luis provinces (23 – 32° S) and longitudinally from Jujuy to Catamarca (65 – 67° W). A distributional break between 27° and 31°S in the distribution of B. tortoranus has been registered. This species inhabits a variety of xerophilic environments of High Monte, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.0/lat -31.0)">Dry</a> Chaco and <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.0/lat -31.0)">Central Andean Puna</a> ecoregions (Figure 4). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.0/lat -31.0)">It</a> is common at altitudes from 944 to 3200 m, with the lowest locality corresponding to Pocho Department in Cordoba Province (Dry Chaco) and the highest locality including Cachi Department in Salta Province (High Monte). It is usually found inside crevices between rocks or on the vegetation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F738E5FFF9B45049FD7789CE832FADD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, María José	Miranda, María José (2014): Bostryx tortoranus (Doering, 1879) species complex (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Bulimulidae), a review of taxonomy and distribution of endemic species from Argentina. Journal of Natural History 49 (17 - 18): 995-1022, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.981313, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.981313
