identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F78791FF92FFB9FC724DF1FB88F852.text	03F78791FF92FFB9FC724DF1FB88F852.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crocidura olivieri (Lesson 1827)	<div><p>Crocidura olivieri (Lesson, 1827)</p> <p>Sorex olivieri Lesson, 1827: 121.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — African Giant White-toothed Shrew, Olivier’s Shrew.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apesokubi • 1 ♀; Sherman trap in forest; ZFMK 2003.1089. Liati Wote (Tagbo Falls) • 1?; Sherman trap between buttress roots in forest; ZFMK 2003.1090.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>This species was previously known from several localities in the Volta Region (Grubb et al. 1998). In their Kyabobo expedition report Hurst et al. (1995) mention several individuals of this large shrew (as C. flavescens) from KRNP, but we did not encounter it there. Our specimen from Liati Wote (ZFMK 2003.1090) was included in a recent phylogeographic study of C. olivieri (Jacquet et al. 2015) and grouped with their Clade IIB with Dahomey Gap specimens from Togo and Benin.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Crocidura olivieri is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF92FFB9FC724DF1FB88F852	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF92FFB9FECD4E53FB34FB1B.text	03F78791FF92FFB9FECD4E53FB34FB1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Soricidae G. Fischer 1814	<div><p>Family SORICIDAE G. Fischer, 1814</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Only five shrews belonging to three species were captured during both expeditions (Table 2). However, according to Grubb et al. (1998) only one of these species has previously been recorded from the Volta Region.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF92FFB9FECD4E53FB34FB1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF91FFBAFF1E49D5FD44FC3D.text	03F78791FF91FFBAFF1E49D5FD44FC3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crocidura eburnea Heim de Balsac 1958	<div><p>Crocidura cf. eburnea Heim de Balsac, 1958</p> <p>Crocidura (bottegi) eburnea Heim de Balsac, 1958: 327.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Ivory Coast White-toothed Shrew.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apesokubi • 1 ♀; pitfall; 27.XI.1999; ZFMK 1999.1144.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Initially identified as Crocidura cf. douceti Heim de Balsac, 1958, this tiny shrew has been re-assigned to Crocidura eburnea, which has only recently been elevated from a synonym of C. obscurior (Hutterer 2005) to species level (Jacquet et al. 2014). This is the first record of C. cf. eburnea from the Volta Region and since the Volta River is considered the eastern boundary of the C. obscurior complex (Jacquet et al. 2014), this possible range extension awaits further study.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Crocidura eburnea was included in the IUCN Red List in 2019 and assessed as “Least Concern”.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF91FFBAFF1E49D5FD44FC3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF91FFBAFEC54AD6FE98F950.text	03F78791FF91FFBAFEC54AD6FE98F950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crocidura foxi Dollman 1915	<div><p>Crocidura cf. foxi Dollman, 1915</p> <p>(Fig. 3)</p> <p>Crocidura foxi Dollman, 1915: 514.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Fox’s White-toothed Shrew.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apesokubi • 1 ♀; 26.XI.1999; ZFMK 1999.1145 • 1?; Sherman traps; 27.XI.1999; ZFMK 1999.1146.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Known initially just from Nigeria C. foxi is now known to occur in the Guinea savanna zone and secondary bushland from Senegal to Sudan (Duplantier &amp; Granjon 2013). Our captures are the first from the Volta Region of Ghana, listed as Crocidura cf. foxi, as the identification has not yet been confirmed by molecular genetics. An earlier capture from KRNP, reported by Hurst et al. (1995) as C. foxii [sic], was later re-identified as C. fuscomurina (Heuglin, 1865) (Hutterer 1983; Grubb et al. 1998).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Crocidura foxi is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF91FFBAFEC54AD6FE98F950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF91FFBAFF344E33FF01F85E.text	03F78791FF91FFBAFF344E33FF01F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rodentia Bowditch 1821	<div><p>Order RODENTIA Bowditch, 1821</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>A total of 238 individuals from 12 rodent species were verified by us during both expeditions to the Volta Region (Table 2).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF91FFBAFF344E33FF01F85E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF91FFBBFCB44C71FE3EFEBC.text	03F78791FF91FFBBFCB44C71FE3EFEBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse 1840	<div><p>Cricetomys cf. gambianus Waterhouse, 1840</p> <p>(Fig. 4)</p> <p>Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840: 2.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Northern Giant Pouched Rat; Ewe: Alegeli.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Shiare • 1 adult ♀; 24.VIII.2001; Tomahawk trap along Sabu creek; SMF 91437.</p> <p>Apesokubi • 1 subadult ♀; Tomahawk trap; 28.VIII.2001; ZT- NHC 970.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>The zygomatic width of the Shiare specimen is 48.2% of occipito-nasal length, which is above the range of “ C. emini ”, following Genest-Villard (1967) (D. Kock pers. comm.), a species that is currently labeled Cricetomys sp. 1 from the region including our study area following the molecular and craniometric study by Olayemi et al. (2012). There is a specimen from the Volta Region at the USNM (USNM 436298, as. C. gambianus), a female from Odomi Jongo (1 miles E Nkwanta), caught during the African Mammal Project in 1968.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Cricetomys gambianus is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF91FFBBFCB44C71FE3EFEBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF90FFBBFF3E48B4FE20FB8D.text	03F78791FF90FFBBFF3E48B4FE20FB8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerbilliscus kempi (Wroughton 1906)	<div><p>Gerbilliscus kempi (Wroughton, 1906)</p> <p>Tatera kempii Wroughton, 1906: 375.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Kemp’s Gerbil.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Kalakpa Resource Reserve • 1 ♂; brought to us by a Ghana Wildlife Division game scout; 18.XI.1999; ZT- NHC 973.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>This species is known from other locations in the Volta Region and the Togo Highlands (Robbins &amp; Van der Straeten 1996; Grubb et al. 1998). Notwithstanding the debate voiced in Granjon et al. (2012) regarding the identity of West African G. kempi, we retain the name here, due to the far southern Dahomey Gap occurrence of our single specimen from Kalakpa Resource Reserve.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Gerbilliscus kempi is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF90FFBBFF3E48B4FE20FB8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF90FFBBFBC64BD7FB4DF8E3.text	03F78791FF90FFBBFBC64BD7FB4DF8E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylomyscus pamfi Nicolas, Olayemi, Wendelen & Colyn 2010	<div><p>Hylomyscus pamfi Nicolas, Olayemi, Wendelen &amp; Colyn, 2010</p> <p>(Fig. 6)</p> <p>Hylomyscus pamfi Nicolas, Olayemi, Wendelen &amp; Colyn, 2010b: 38.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Dahomey Gap Woodmouse.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 1 ♀; SMF 91364; 4.5 km N. Apesokubi (Fig. 6)• 1 ♂; ZTNHC 965 • 2♀; SMF 91434, USNM 590074. Kyabobo National Park • 1 ♂; SMF 91371 • 1 ♀; SMF 91370. Kalakpa Resource Reserve • 1 ♂; USNM 590073.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>We follow Nicolas et al. (2010 b, 2020), Monadjem et al. (2015) and Denys et al. (2017) in assigning all Volta Region Hylomyscus Thomas, 1926 to the Dahomey Gap Woodmouse, H. pamfi, which we cross-checked by examining cytochrome b (Cytb) sequences for six of our seven specimens. Three Cytb haplotypes MT311308 - MT311310 were detected at the Apesokubi site, one at Kyabobo (MT311311) and one at Kalakpa (MT311307). These Cytb haplotypes showed a 100-95% identity to sequences reported from H. pamfi by Nicolas et al. (2020) from Benin. The nearest locality in Nicolas et al. (2010b) to our Volta Region study sites was Palimé in Togo, which is about 23 km from Wli Waterfall. Our study represents the first verification that H. pamfi is present in Ghana. There are four additional Hylomyscus specimens from the Volta Region at the USNM (listed as H. alleni (Waterhouse, 1838)), collected in 1968 by the African Mammal Project at Leklebi Agbesia. Hylomyscus pamfi is a forest species with good climbing ability. At least four of our specimens were captured on traps set on horizontal branches above ground, one at Apesokubi in an Umbrella tree (Musanga cecropioides R.Br.).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Hylomyscus pamfi is currently listed as “Data Deficient” on the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF90FFBBFBC64BD7FB4DF8E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF90FFBBFEA94DB6FB93FD32.text	03F78791FF90FFBBFEA94DB6FB93FD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Praomys misonnei Van der Straeten & Dieterlen 1987	<div><p>Praomys misonnei Van der Straeten &amp; Dieterlen, 1987</p> <p>(Fig. 5)</p> <p>Praomys misonnei Van der Straeten &amp; Dieterlen, 1987: 3.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Misonne’s Soft-furred Rat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 5 ♂; USNM 590095-590098, SMF 91365 • 12 ♀; USNM 590093, 590094, USNM 590115, 590116, SMF 91435, 91363, 91366, 91367-91369, 93747, ZTNHC 953 • 1?; USNM 590117. Apesokubi • 7 ♂; USNM 590099, SMF 91374 + 91377, ZTNHC 961, 962, 964, UVM VR062 • 5 ♀; USNM 590100, USNM 590118 – 590120, SMF 91375. Kalakpa Resource Reserve (see Fig. 5) • 8 ♂; USNM 590080 + 590081, USNM 590083-590085, USNM 590088, USNM 590091, USNM 590113, ZTNHC 949 • 6 ♀; USNM 590082, USNM 590086 + 590087, USNM 590089 + 590090, USNM 590114 • 1?; USNM 590079. Kyabobo National Park • 3 ♀; USNM 590121-590123. Shiare • 1 ♀; USNM 590124 • 2♀; SMF 91372 + 91373. Tagbo-Falls • 1 ♂; USNM 590103; 1 ♀; USNM 590125.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>With 190 captured individuals, Praomys misonnei was the most frequently caught species in the Volta Region, followed by Mus (Nannomys) musculoides Temminck, 1853 (n = 23) and Hylomyscus pamfi (n = 7). All Praomys had been tentatively identified as P. tullbergi in the field, but a recent molecular follow-up study included seven of our specimens from Agumatsa, Apesokubi and Shiare and showed that they all belonged to P. misonnei, reinforcing that P. tullbergi is limited to the Upper Guinea Region, west of the Volta River and P. misonnei to the Dahomey Gap region into Central Africa (Nicolas et al. 2010a, 2011) with the Volta River forming the zoogeographic barrier between the two species. Our specimens were part of their Clade II, which is restricted to the Ghana-Togo Highlands and Dahomey Gap area.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Praomys misonnei is listed as “Least Concern” on the 2019 IUCN Red List, but the species range has not yet been updated to include the Lower Guinea Region based on Nicolas et al. (2010a, 2011).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF90FFBBFEA94DB6FB93FD32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF90FFBDFC564E93FE3EFC8C.text	03F78791FF90FFBDFC564E93FE3EFC8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lemniscomys striatus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Lemniscomys striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Mus striatus Linnaeus, 1758: 62.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Striated Grass-Mouse; Ewe: Gbaxlé.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 1 ♂; USNM 590104; 22.XI.1999 • 1♂; USNM 590075; 13.VIII.2001. Shiare • 1♀; SMF 91436 with 7 embryos; 22.VIII.2001; by hunter. Apesokubi (Site 1) • 1♀; ZTNHC 963; 26.XI.1999 • 1♀; SMF 91376; 28.VIII.2001.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>A grassland and farmbush species that also occurs along roads in the forest. There are 43 additional Lemniscomys striatus from the Volta Region at the USNM, collected by the African Mammal Project at Leklebi Agbesia and Odomi Jongo (2 miles E Nkwanta). Hurst et al. (1995) also caught four individuals in riparian forest and tree savanna at KRNP. Although not genetically tested our Lemniscomys striatus east of the Volta River should belong to what Nicolas et al. (2008) called Clade III.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Lemniscomys striatus is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF90FFBDFC564E93FE3EFC8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF96FFBDFF274A76FCF6F97E.text	03F78791FF96FFBDFF274A76FCF6F97E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malacomys edwardsi Rochebrune 1885	<div><p>Malacomys edwardsi Rochebrune, 1885</p> <p>Malacomys edwardsi Rochebrune, 1885: 87.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Edwards’ Swamp Rat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apesokubi • 1 ♀; USNM 59078; 28.VIII.2001; with four embryos (USNM 590105) with a crown -rump length of 19 mm • 2 ♂; USNM 590076, ZTNHC 960 • 1 ♀; USNM 590077.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>An obligate forest species in the Upper Guinea and an indicator of intact forest. A recent phylogeographic study confirmed the identification of all four of our M. edwardsi from Apesokubi but showed that these Volta Region specimens represent a lineage (F2) separate from the southwestern Ghanaian lineage (F1), “which may suggest the presence of multiple forest refugia” in Ghana (Bohoussou et al. 2015: 9). Hurst et al. (1995) reported 5 captures of M. edwardsi from moist semi-deciduous and secondary forest in KRNP which appears to be the only previous record of this species from the Ghana-Togo Highlands. We were not able to verify this species again at KRNP.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Malacomys edwardsi is currently listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, but - already limited to the densest and best preserved forest in the Volta Region - it would be one of the first rodent species to disappear with continued deforestation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF96FFBDFF274A76FCF6F97E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF96FFBDFCB64A77FACAF85D.text	03F78791FF96FFBDFCB64A77FACAF85D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mus (Nannomys) musculoides-minutoides	<div><p>Mus (Nannomys) cf. musculoides-minutoides Temminck, 1853 <p>(Fig. 7)</p> <p>Mus musculoides Temminck, 1853: 161.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Pygmy Mouse.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Kalakpa Resource Reserve • 1 ♂; USNM 590107. Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 1 ♂; ZTNHC 956 • 1♀; UVM VR96. Apesokubi • 1 ♂; UVM VR143. Kyabobo National Park (Fig. 7) • 1 ♂; UVM VR108 • 5 ♀; USNM 590108-590110, UVM VR 112+VR114. Shiare • 3 ♂; USNM 590111, UVM VR 125, 128 • 3 ♀; USNM 590106, 590112, UVM VR130.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Curators of collaborating collections (USNM &amp; SMF) independently identified our Pygmy mice as M. (Nannomys) musculoides following traditonal morphological approaches (M. Carleton &amp; D. Kock in litt.). However, we acknowledge that recent molecular, cytogenetic and morphological studies have made identification of these taxa less straightforward, with both M. musculoides and M. minutoides occurring sympatrically in West Africa (Kan Kouassi et al. 2008, Monadjem et al. 2015). For this reason we label our Pygmy Mice M. cf. musculoides-minutoides Pygmy mice were caught at all sites except Liati Wote. They replaced Praomys Thomas, 1915 as the most common species in the forest-savanna mosaic and the rough hilly terrain of KRNP and Shiare, making up 62.5 and 56.25% of the total catch, respectively. This is consistent with the findings of Hurst et al. (1995) in whose survey at KRNP the Pygmy Mouse (as M. minutoides) made up 39.5% of the total catch.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Mus musculoides and M. minutoides are both listed as “Least Concern” in the IUCN Red List.</p> </p> <p>(Fig. 7)</p> <p>Mus musculoides Temminck, 1853: 161.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Pygmy Mouse.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Kalakpa Resource Reserve • 1 ♂; USNM 590107. Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 1 ♂; ZTNHC 956 • 1♀; UVM VR96. Apesokubi • 1 ♂; UVM VR143. Kyabobo National Park (Fig. 7) • 1 ♂; UVM VR108 • 5 ♀; USNM 590108-590110, UVM VR 112+VR114. Shiare • 3 ♂; USNM 590111, UVM VR 125, 128 • 3 ♀; USNM 590106, 590112, UVM VR130.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Curators of collaborating collections (USNM &amp; SMF) independently identified our Pygmy mice as M. (Nannomys) musculoides following traditonal morphological approaches (M. Carleton &amp; D. Kock in litt.). However, we acknowledge that recent molecular, cytogenetic and morphological studies have made identification of these taxa less straightforward, with both M. musculoides and M. minutoides occurring sympatrically in West Africa (Kan Kouassi et al. 2008, Monadjem et al. 2015). For this reason we label our Pygmy Mice M. cf. musculoides-minutoides Pygmy mice were caught at all sites except Liati Wote. They replaced Praomys Thomas, 1915 as the most common species in the forest-savanna mosaic and the rough hilly terrain of KRNP and Shiare, making up 62.5 and 56.25% of the total catch, respectively. This is consistent with the findings of Hurst et al. (1995) in whose survey at KRNP the Pygmy Mouse (as M. minutoides) made up 39.5% of the total catch.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Mus musculoides and M. minutoides are both listed as “Least Concern” in the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF96FFBDFCB64A77FACAF85D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF96FFBDFF294E13FB5EFC87.text	03F78791FF96FFBDFF294E13FB5EFC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stochomys longicaudatus (Tullberg 1893)	<div><p>Stochomys longicaudatus (Tullberg, 1893)</p> <p>Dasymys longicaudatus Tullberg, 1893: 36.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Target Rat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apesokubi • 1 ♀; 4.5 km N Apesokubi; USNM 590072; Sherman trap; 27.XI.1999.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Initially identified as Dephomys defua (Miller, 1900) we recently re-identified this specimen as Stochomys longicaudatus using molecular methods as part of another study (Pradhan et al. in prep; GenBank MT311314). Robbins &amp; Van der Straeten (1996) previously stated that D. defua occurs only west of the Volta River. East of the Volta and in the Dahomey Gap it is replaced by the lower Guinean species S. longicaudatus. Van der Straeten (1984) lists 15 specimens from Dzogbégan, Misahohé and Palimé in Togo. There is also one specimen from Agou, Togo at the USNM (USNM 438334). Based on Grubb et al. (1998) and the latest monograph of this species (Uebbing 2019), our specimen appears to be the first capture of S. longicaudatus from Ghana.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Stochomys longicaudatus is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, but, being mostly a forest species with a preference for dense understory vegetation close to water (Uebbing 2019), it should be highly sensitive to further deforestation and bush fires in the Volta Region.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF96FFBDFF294E13FB5EFC87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF95FFBEFC7E4DD1FC27F85D.text	03F78791FF95FFBEFC7E4DD1FC27F85D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anomalurus beecrofti Fraser 1853	<div><p>Anomalurus beecrofti Fraser, 1852</p> <p>Anomalurus beecrofti Fraser, 1852: 17.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Beecroft’s Anomalure; EWE: Kasanui, Vava.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 1 ♀; ZTNHC 950.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>This specimen was brought to us by a local hunter, on 19 November 1999. In the Volta Region a previous record is from the vicinity of Jasikan (Grubb et al. 1998) and it was observed at Kyabobo National Park by Hurst et al. (1995). In the Togo Highlands A. beecrofti was previously recorded from Apéyémé, Edifou, Ezimé and Misahohé (Robbins &amp; Van der Straeten 1996; USNM). Grubb et al. (1998) followed Rosevear (1969) in using the generic name Anomalurops Matschie, 1914 for this species; we follow Dieterlen (2005) and Kingdon (2013) in the use of Anomalurus Waterhouse, 1843.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Anomalurus beecrofti is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, however, progressive forest fragmentation with the loss of mature trees, specifically oil palms (Elaeis guineensis), will greatly compromise the habitat of this treedependent glider.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF95FFBEFC7E4DD1FC27F85D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF95FFBEFECB4DD1FE1DF85D.text	03F78791FF95FFBEFECB4DD1FE1DF85D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Graphiurus nagtglasii Jentink 1888	<div><p>Graphiurus nagtglasii Jentink, 1888</p> <p>(Fig. 8)</p> <p>Graphiurus nagtglasii Jentink, 1888b: 38.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Nagtglas’s Dormouse; EWE: Kade.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apesokubi (Fig. 8) • 1 ♂; USNM 590101; 26.XI.1999; Sherman trap on a horizontal branch at 1.5 m height • 2 ♀; USNM 590102; ZTNHC 972; 27.XI.1999; Sherman and Victor Rat traps.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>All three specimens were caught in this dense traditionally protected forest at Apesokubi. There are 22 specimens from Leklebi Agbesia and one specimen from Odomi Jongo (2 miles E Nkwanta), all in the Volta Region in the USNM. Grubb et al. (1998) show two other localities in the Volta Region. The species has also been reported from several localities in the Togo Highlands (Roche 1971; Robbins &amp; Van der Straeten 1996).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Graphiurus nagtglasii is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, however, progressive forest loss will marginalize this arboreal species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF95FFBEFECB4DD1FE1DF85D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF94FFBFFF3849D5FDB7FE04.text	03F78791FF94FFBFFF3849D5FDB7FE04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chiroptera Blumenbach 1779	<div><p>Order CHIROPTERA Blumenbach, 1779</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Seventeen bat species were recorded from the Ghana-Togo Highlands based on our two expeditions in the Volta Region (19 nights netted). We list all species and their localities encountered in their zoogeographic context.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF94FFBFFF3849D5FDB7FE04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF94FFBFFEE34A76FE1CF9F9.text	03F78791FF94FFBFFEE34A76FE1CF9F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eidolon helvum (Kerr 1792)	<div><p>Eidolon helvum (Kerr, 1792)</p> <p>Vespertilio vampyrus helvus Kerr, 1792: xvii: 91.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Straw-colored Fruit Bat; EWE: Aguto.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa (Wli) • 1 ♀; SMF 89666; brought to us by a local hunter; 19.XI.1999.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>A large colony of this gregarious and migratory fruit bat roosts on the trees and rock faces next to Wli Waterfall, recently estimated to include 250 000 individuals (Hayman et al. 2012) with an earlier report estimating the colony to include half a million E. helvum (Rice 1973), which would probably make it the most abundant fruit bat species in the area. Estimating the ecosystem services provided by the seed dispersal activities of E. helvum in Ghana and elsewhere in Africa was the subject of a recent study (van Toor et al. 2019).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Eidolon helvum has been listed as “Near Threatened” on the IUCN Red List because of significant population declines probably resulting from habitat loss and hunting for food and medicine (Peel et al. 2017).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF94FFBFFEE34A76FE1CF9F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF94FFBFFC584D91FB6EF85F.text	03F78791FF94FFBFFC584D91FB6EF85F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epomophorus gambianus (Ogilby 1835)	<div><p>Epomophorus gambianus (Ogilby, 1835)</p> <p>Pteropus gambianus Ogilby, 1835: 100.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat; EWE: Aguto.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Kalakpa Resource Reserve • 1 ♂; ZTNHC 971; 16.XI.1999.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Only one specimen of this savanna species was captured at a thicket edge in Kalakpa Resource Reserve, a mostly savannacovered legally-protected area in the south of the Volta Region, southeast of the Abutia Hills. Epomophorus gambianus is well documented from Eastern Ghana and Togo and is most common in savanna or secondary savanna areas. During three Belgian expeditions to Togo, including many localities in the Togo Highlands, it was the second most abundant fruit bat after Micropteropus pusillus (Peters, 1868) (DeVree et al. 1969; 1970; De Vree &amp; Van der Straeten 1971). In the Volta Region E. gambianus was previously recorded from Bator, Ho, Keta, Kete Krachi (= Kradji), and Odomi Jongo, 2 miles E Nkwanta (Bergmans 1988).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Epomophorus gambianus is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List. Although rare during our survey, the high abundance of this fruit bat in surveys that included savanna areas make it a species of less concern.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF94FFBFFC584D91FB6EF85F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF94FFBFFC514B14FB86FBED.text	03F78791FF94FFBFFC514B14FB86FBED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epomops buettikoferi (Matschie 1899)	<div><p>Epomops buettikoferi (Matschie, 1899)</p> <p>Epomophorus büttikoferi Matschie, 1899: 45.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Büttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat; EWE: Aguto.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apesokubi • 1 adult ♀ with a 53 mm long embryo; 27.VIII.2001; SMF 92116.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Essentially an Upper Guinea forest species with some disjunct populations east of the Dahomey Gap in Nigeria (Bergmans 1989; Thomas &amp; Henry 2013). All previous Ghanaian specimens were from the rainforest zone in SW Ghana west of the Volta River (Bergmans 1989; Grubb et al. 1998). Thus, our specimen is the first record east of the Volta in Ghana.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Epomops buettikoferi is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF94FFBFFC514B14FB86FBED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF94FFBFFEC64F90FB88FE71.text	03F78791FF94FFBFFEC64F90FB88FE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epomops franqueti (Tomes 1860)	<div><p>Epomops franqueti (Tomes, 1860)</p> <p>Epomophorus franqueti Tomes, 1860: 54.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Franquet’s Epauletted Fruit Bat; EWE: Aguto.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Kalakpa Resouce Reserve • 1 ♀; SMF 89662). Agumatsa Valley • 2 ♀; SMF 89663, ZTNHC 959.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Although this is a mostly forest-dwelling fruit bat distributed from eastern Côte d’Ivoire into Central Africa (Happold 2013a), our specimen from Kalakpa Resource Reserve shows that it can cope with forest remnants and gallery forest in more savanna-dominated areas. Epomops franqueti was previously known in the Volta Region from Amedzofe, Bator, Leklebi Agbesia, and Odomi Jongo (Bergmans 1989).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Epomops franqueti is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF94FFBFFEC64F90FB88FE71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF94FFBFFEC148F4FE66FC85.text	03F78791FF94FFBFFEC148F4FE66FC85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteropodidae Gray 1821	<div><p>Family PTEROPODIDAE Gray, 1821</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Nine species of Old World fruit bats (Pteropodidae) were encountered during the two field seasons. The maximum number of pteropodid species encountered at one site was five during a single field season (dry) and seven during both field seasons in the Agumatsa valley (Wli). The latter number is identical to what Yeboah (2001) found at Mt. Afadjato Forest (near Tagbo Falls).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF94FFBFFEC148F4FE66FC85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF8BFFA0FF364D56FA5DFB0F.text	03F78791FF8BFFA0FF364D56FA5DFB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micropteropus pusillus (Peters 1868)	<div><p>Micropteropus pusillus (Peters, 1868)</p> <p>Epomophorus pusillus Peters, 1868: 870.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Peters’ Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 3 ♀; ZTNHC 957, SMF 92112, 92113. Apesokubi • 1 ♂; 0.5 km N Apesokubi; USNM 590071 • 4♀; USNM 590070, ZTNHC 966, SMF 89660, 89661. Kyabobo NP • 1 ♂; SMF 92114. Shiare Schoolyard • 1 ♀; SMF 92115.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>As in previous studies from Ghana and Togo (De Vree et al. 1969, 1971; Decher 1997a), with 23 individuals caught, Micropteropus pusillus was the most common small fruit bat in our survey, perhaps outnumbered locally only by large colonies of the high-flying Eidolon helvum (Kerr, 1792). It is a typical species of the rainforest-savannah mosaic characteristic for much of the Volta Region. In Ghana east of the Volta River, M. pusillus was previously captured at Akwamufe, Amedzofe, Kalakpa Game Production Reserve, Leklebi Agbesia and Odomi Jongo (Bergmans 1989). In Ghana and Togo, M. pusillus shares a similar distribution pattern with Epomophorus gambianus (see maps in Bergmans [1988, 1989] and Grubb et al. [1998]) but it seems to occur more commonly in or near forest remnants than the latter species, suggesting a greater dependence on forest. In our survey up to eight individuals would hit the nets at the same time indicating that they fly and forage in groups.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Micropteropus pusillus was classified as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List. It remains a common fruit bat species in the Ghana-Togo Highlands. However, this species may depend on forest remnants during its foraging flights (Fahr 1996).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF8BFFA0FF364D56FA5DFB0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF8BFFA1FCBA4DF1FDBEF895.text	03F78791FF8BFFA1FCBA4DF1FDBEF895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myonycteris angolensis subsp. smithii (Thomas 1908)	<div><p>Myonycteris angolensis smithii (Thomas, 1908)</p> <p>Rousettus smithi Thomas, 1908: 375.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Angolan Fruit Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 2 ♀; SMF 89667 + 92121. Apesokubi • 1 ♀; SMF 92122. Kyabobo NP • 1♀; SMF 92123. Liati-Wote • 2 ♀; SMF 92124 + 92125.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>We follow Nesi et al. (2013) in the use of the name Myonycteris Matschie, 1899 instead of Lissonycteris K. Andersen, 1912 for this fruit bat. Myonycteris angolensis smithii has previously been recorded in the Volta Region from Leklebi Agbesia, Akaniem, and Odomi Jongo (Bergmans 1997) and in neighboring Togo from Bismarckburg, Ahoué-houé, Aledjo, Odjolo, Pewa, and the Région d’Atakpamé (De Vree et al. 1969, 1970; Robbins, 1980; Grubb et al. 1998). Myonycteris a. smithii appears to be a relatively common forest and forest edge species throughout the Ghana-Togo Highlands and does not appear too affected by the widespread forest fragmentation.Most specimens in Ghana, Togo and Côte d’Ivoire have been recorded from the forest savanna mosaic and dry forests, but only a few from evergreen rain forest (Fahr 1996). We captured no males and only one female during the dry season in 1999 versus eight females from four localities in 2001. This may resemble the migration and possibly sexual segregation in this species observed at Mount Nimba, Liberia (Wolton et al. 1982) but details have to be verified for the Ghana-Togo Highlands. This fruit bat quickly attenuates to human handling. A female which stayed around our field camp at Apesokubi after release readily took banana pieces from our hands while hanging on a laundry line. An ectoparasite found on a M. s. smithii from Liati-Wote was a male Dipseliopoda biannulata (Oldyroyd, 1953) [Diptera: Nycteribiidae].</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Myonycteris angolensis is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List (as Lissonycteris angolensis (Bocage, 1898)). Though not strictly a high forest species, it seems to be associated with dry forest of different types or gallery and island forests in the savanna zone and may depend on the existence of forest remnants in the Volta Region to survive.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF8BFFA1FCBA4DF1FDBEF895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF8AFFA1FF6E4E73FA50FBFD.text	03F78791FF8AFFA1FF6E4E73FA50FBFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaloglossus azagnyi Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin 2013	<div><p>Megaloglossus azagnyi Nesi, Kadjo &amp; Hassanin, 2013</p> <p>(Fig. 9)</p> <p>Megaloglossus azagnyi Nesi, Kadjo &amp; Hassanin in Nesi et al. 2013: 134.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 2♂; SMF 92117 + 92118; 11.IX.2001. Shiare schoolyard (Fig. 9) • 1 ♀; SMF 92119; 22.VIII.2001 • 1 ♂; SMF 92120; 22.VIII.2001.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>We follow Nesi et al. (2013) in the use of the name M. azagnyi as a species separate from M. woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885 for Upper Guinea and the Volta Region of Ghana, which we confirmed with BLAST searches of Cytb sequences for our four specimens. While all four Cytb sequences were of sufficient quality to allow species identification; only two sequences, one from each locality, were of sufficient quality to be entered into Genbank (MT311312 from SMF 92117 and MT311313 from SMF 92120. These sequences had a 100-96% sequence identities to sequences reported from M.azagnyi from the Cote d’Ivoire by Nesi et al. (2013). The sequences obtained from specimens SMF 92118 and 92119 contained numerous “no calls” or “N” resulting from the detection on more than a single nucleotide at a site. Previous records of Megaloglossus Pagenstecher 1885 in the Volta Region were from Amedzofe and Odomi Jongo, 2 miles E Nkwanta (Bergmans 1997).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — The IUCN Red List map shows the distribution to include the Ghana-Togo Highlands (Monadjem 2016) but how far this nectar-feeding species extends into the Dahomey Gap before it is replaced by M. woermanni in Lower Guinea is still unknown. The IUCN Red List classification is “Least Concern”.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF8AFFA1FF6E4E73FA50FBFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF8AFFA2FC5E4D96FDD7FD9D.text	03F78791FF8AFFA2FC5E4D96FDD7FD9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nanonycteris veldkampi (Jentink 1888)	<div><p>Nanonycteris veldkampi (Jentink, 1888)</p> <p>Epomophorus veldkampii Jentink, 1888a: 51.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Veldkamp’s Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 1 ♀ with 1 embryo; SMF 89665. Apesokubi • 1♀ with 1 embryo; SMF 89664.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Previous records of this species were from Odomi Jongo in the Volta Region (USNM) and from Bismarckburg, Misahohé, Aledjo, Atakpamé, Evou, Ezimé, Fazao, Odjolo, Plateau Akpossi in Togo (De Vree et al. 1969, 1970; De Vree &amp; Van der Straeten 1971). This is a small fruit bat similar in appearance to Micropteropus pusillus from which it can be distinguished by its slender snout and the nine undivided and thinner palatal ridges (see drawings in Bergmans [1997] and Happold [1987]). With just two specimens captured at the beginning of dry season in 1999, N. veldkampi was much less common than M. pusillus (23 specimens; Table 2). The seasonal occurrence could be explained by the migratory behavior of this species, which was shown to follow the progression of the rains northward to savanna areas (Fahr 1996, Thomas 1983). Similarly, at Mount Nimba, Wolton et al. (1982) did not obtain this species at all between early July and early September, whereas it was common there at other times of the year (Monadjem et al. 2016). During the African Small Mammal Project, between January and June 1968 (Robbins 1980), no N. veldkampi were encountered, yet the same Project captured 20 M. pusillus in Togo and Benin. During a study on the Accra Plains between November 1991 and June 1992 no N. veldkampi were encountered, but 45 M. pusillus were captured (Decher 1997a).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Nanonyteris veldkampi is classified as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List. Its migratory behavior and dependence on forest remnants still need to be investigated in more detail in the Ghana-Togo Highlands.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF8AFFA2FC5E4D96FDD7FD9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF89FFA2FF234B77FE3CFBED.text	03F78791FF89FFA2FF234B77FE3CFBED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypsignathus monstrosus H. Allen 1861	<div><p>Hypsignathus monstrosus H. Allen, 1861</p> <p>Hypsignathus monstrosus H. Allen, 1861: 157.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Hammer-headed Bat.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Males of this species were only heard performing their characteristic lek-calling behaviour (Bradbury 1977) in a nearby mango tree at Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary in August 2001. Hypsignathus monstrosus has been previously recorded in the Volta Region from Odomi Jongo, 2 miles E Nkwanta and Leklebi Agbesia (USNM).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Hypsignathus monstrosus is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF89FFA2FF234B77FE3CFBED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF89FFA2FEE44DD6FF01F85F.text	03F78791FF89FFA2FEE44DD6FF01F85F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nycteris arge Thomas 1903	<div><p>Nycteris arge Thomas, 1903</p> <p>Nycteris arge Thomas, 1903: 633.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Bate’s Slit faced Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apesokubi • 1 ♀; SMF 92126; 26.VIII.2001.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Although this bat is known from the Upper Guinea Region west of the Volta River and from central and southern Nigeria (Happold 1987), it does not seem to have been recorded from the Volta Region, or in the Dahomey Gap. The closest records are two BMNH specimens from Akaniem (Akaniem, Buem) between the Volta and Oti River branches of presentday Lake Volta (Grubb 1971). Van Cakenberghe &amp; De Vree (1985) apparently list these specimens as being from “Akenim”, Togo. In Côte d’Ivoire, Fahr (1996) recorded six out of seven specimens of N. arge within the rainforest zone and one in forest-savanna mosaic. Our specimen of N. arge appears to be the first one reported from the Volta Region.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Although classified as a species of “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, as a mostly forest-dependent species, N. arge is of some conservation concern in the Ghana-Togo Highlands.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF89FFA2FEE44DD6FF01F85F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF89FFA2FC554AD6FBEDF976.text	03F78791FF89FFA2FC554AD6FBEDF976.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinolophus alcyone Temminck 1853	<div><p>Rhinolophus alcyone Temminck, 1853</p> <p>(Fig. 10)</p> <p>Rhinolophus alcyone Temminck, 1853: 80.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Halcyon Horseshoe Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Kalakpa Resource Reserve • 1 ♀; SMF 89668. Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 4 ♂; ZTNHC 952 +958, SMF 89669 +92129 • 2 ♀; SMF 92127 +92128. Apesokubi • 1 ♀; SMF 92130.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Larger than R. landeri Martin, 1838 (weight: 12.5-14.6 g; forearm: 47.5-53 mm). Our specimens confirm that R. alcyone is widely distributed in forest and forest-savanna mosaic. The closest previous records are from Akaniem north of Kete Krachi and from Breniasi and Worawora south of Apesokubi (Grubb 1971). In Côte d’Ivoire Fahr (1996) captured three out of five specimens in savanna.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, this species was the most common rhinolophid bat in our survey and is probably of lesser conservation concern in the Ghana-Togo Highlands.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF89FFA2FC554AD6FBEDF976	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF89FFA3FC794E13FC28FEEC.text	03F78791FF89FFA3FC794E13FC28FEEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinolophus landeri Martin 1838	<div><p>Rhinolophus landeri Martin, 1838</p> <p>Rhinolophus landeri Martin, 1838: 101.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Lander’s Horseshoe Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 1♂; SMF 89670; 22.XI.1999.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>The single specimen of R. landeri could be distinguished from R. alcyone by its smaller size (weight 7.8 g; forearm 43.2 mm). A British Museum specimen of R. landeri is labeled as originating from “Wraura” (BMNH 55.378, leg. A. H. Booth), which may be the same as Worawora (near Apesokubi). A review of the bats of Côte d’Ivoire, showed that R. landeri occurs in all savanna formations to the northern edge of the Sudan savanna and that rainforest is actually being avoided (Fahr 1996; Fahr &amp; Kalko 2011), contrary to Rosevear’s (1965) assessment of R. landeri as a rainforest species, which at his time included R. guineensis Eisentraut, 1960 as a subspecies. This is also supported by captures from Togo with just one specimen from the eastern edge of the Ghana-Togo Highlands at Atakpamé (De Vree et al. 1969) and 22 specimens caught in Northern Togo at Namoundjoga (De Vree et al. 1970). On the Accra Plains nine R. landeri were caught in forest remnants and in more open savanna (Decher 1997a).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — R. landeri is listed as “Least Concern” by IUCN Red List. However, its uncommon occurrence in the Ghana-Togo Highlands and the fact that we found just one specimen in a forested valley make it of some conservation concern for the Volta Region.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF89FFA3FC794E13FC28FEEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF88FFA3FC6E48D4FB2EFAC7.text	03F78791FF88FFA3FC6E48D4FB2EFAC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hipposideros ruber (Noack 1893)	<div><p>Hipposideros cf. ruber (Noack, 1893)</p> <p>(Fig. 11)</p> <p>Phyllorhina ruber Noack, 1893: 586.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Noack’s Roundleaf Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apesokubi • 1 ♂; SMF 92132 • 1 ♀; SMF 89671. Agumatsa (Wli Waterfall) • 1 ♂; SMF 89672 • 2 ♀; ZTNHC 951, SMF 92131. Shiare Schoolyard • 1 ♂; SMF 92133.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Previous specimens from Ghana-Togo Highlands were from Breniasi, Worawora and Jasikan (AMNH; BMNH; Grubb 1971) and from Ahoué-houé, Agou, Aledjo, Fazao, Misahohé and Palimé in Togo (De Vree et al. 1969, 1970; Robbins 1980). We tentatively label these bats Hipposideros cf. ruber as at least three different lineages of bats affiliated with H. ruber sensu strictu from East Africa occur in Ghana, lineages B1, and D2 (Vallo et al. 2008, 2011), or what Monadjem et al. (2013) called lineage E2, or possibly lineage B1 also reaching into the Dahomey Gap (Benin) since our specimens are all from east of the Volta River. The distribution of specimens from West Africa weakens the assumption that H. cf ruber is a forest species.. In Côte d’Ivoire Fahr (1996) made 70 captures of H. cf. ruber, 69.2% of which were in the moist forest zone, 15.4% in forest savanna mosaic and 15.4% in savanna formations.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, Hipposideros cf. ruber appears to be still relatively common as our findings from three localities indicate.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF88FFA3FC6E48D4FB2EFAC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF88FFA4FC694CB0FD78FDBA.text	03F78791FF88FFA4FC694CB0FD78FDBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Doryrhina cyclops (Temminck 1853)	<div><p>Doryrhina cyclops (Temminck, 1853)</p> <p>(Fig. 12)</p> <p>Phyllorrhina cyclops Temminck, 1853: 75.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Cyclops Roundleaf Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Shiare • 1 ♂; SMF 92134; 24.VIII.2011; over a small creek in a side valley of the Sabu Creek valley of Shiare.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>The closest previous localities from the Volta Region are from Akaniem, Breniasi and Odomi Jongo in Ghana (Grubb 1971; USNM) and from Bismarckburg, Ezimé and Odjolo in Togo (Matschie 1893a; De Vree et al. 1969; Robbins 1980).We follow Foley et al. (2017) in the use of the name Doryrhina Peters, 1871 instead of Hipposideros Gray, 1831. Doryrhina cyclops seems to be most often associated with rainforest, which was also recently shown at Liberian Mount Nimba (Monadjem et al. 2016). This bat uses a perch-hunter foraging strategy and it requires large hollow trees for its day roosts. On the Accra Plains this species was found only in a traditionally protected sacred grove that was a remnant of high forest (Decher 1997a). In Côte d’Ivoire 70% of localites were in the area of moist forests, 10% in forestsavanna mosaic and 20% in savanna formations (Fahr 1996).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, its dependence on large and hollow trees and preference for gallery forest (Decher &amp; Fahr 2005) make this a species of high conservation concern in the Ghana-Togo Highlands.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF88FFA4FC694CB0FD78FDBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF8FFFA4FECE4B54FEB9F95C.text	03F78791FF8FFFA4FECE4B54FEB9F95C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macronycteris gigas (Wagner 1845)	<div><p>Macronycteris gigas (Wagner, 1845)</p> <p>Rhinolophus gigas Wagner, 1845: 148.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Giant Leaf-nosed Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa Wildlife Sanctuary • 1 ♀; SMF 92135; 11.VIII.2001.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>This is the second largest insectivorous bat in West Africa, exceeded in size only by the emballonurid Saccolaimus peli (Temminck, 1853). We follow Foley et al. (2017) in the use of the name Macronycteris Gray, 1866 instead of Hipposideros Gray, 1831. This Macronyteris female was identified as M. gigas by the late D. Kock (in litt.) based on its large forearm measurement of 102 mm. The mean for ♀ M. vittatus (Peters, 1852) is 93.9 mm with a Range of 84-101mm (Happold 2013b). Only one individual of this large hipposiderid bat was collected during the rainy season. Four other Volta Region specimens are known from Odomi Jongo, 2 miles E Nkwanta (USNM 424858-61). Togo highlands specimens are known from Adjido, Agou, and Ezimé (De Vree et al. 1969; Robbins 1980). Our record confirms previous observations (Grubb et al. 1998) that in Ghana this species often occurs in forests, although it is also found in Guinea woodland and even in the coastal savanna like the Accra Plains (Decher 1997a). In Côte d’Ivoire, Fahr (1996) made six of his eight captures in the rain forest zone. Six ectoparasitic Ascodipteron variisetosum Maa, 1965 [Diptera: Streblidae] with (2 × 3) were found on the ventral side of the upper arm on the specimen from Agumatsa.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, this species is of some conservation concern in the Ghana- Togo Highlands because it appears to be patchily distributed and may be limited not so much by the availability of large tracts of forest as by the presence of large hollow trees and caves for its roosts (Grubb et al. 1998).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF8FFFA4FECE4B54FEB9F95C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF8FFFA4FF734E73FAD5F93A.text	03F78791FF8FFFA4FF734E73FAD5F93A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scotophilus livingstonii Brooks & Bickham 2014	<div><p>Scotophilus livingstonii Brooks &amp; Bickham, 2014</p> <p>Scotophilus livingstonii Brooks &amp; Bickham, 2014: 11.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Livingstone’s House Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa (Wli Waterfall) • 1 ♀; SMF 92137; caught on 11.VIII.2001.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Originally identified as Scotophilus dinganii (A. Smith, 1833) due to its bright yellow ventral side side and its forearm length of 57.8 mm, the West African form, which also occurs in western Kenya, has been recently renamed S. livingstonii based on phylogenetic and morphological distinct S. dinganii -like clades (Brooks &amp; Bickham 2014). Our specimen was caught in a net set across the Agumatsa River flanked by secondary forest and nearby small cassava fields. Other Ghana-Togo Highlands specimens are known from Odomi Jongo, 12 Miles E Nkwanta in Ghana (USNM 424888) and from Atakpamé and Ezimé in Togo (Robbins 1980; Robbins et al. 1985). The species was also caught at three locations on the Accra Plains (Decher 1997a and USNM, as S. dinganii) and seems to be most commonly associated with Guinea savanna, forest savanna mosaic, and high forest edge. Records from Côte d’Ivoire are all from the northern tree savanna (Fahr 1996, as S. dinganii). This species also seems to adapt to rooftops and thatched huts for its roosts.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — The conservation classification of S. livingstonii on the IUCN Red List is “Least Concern”.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF8FFFA4FF734E73FAD5F93A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
03F78791FF8FFFA5FC534FD0FD83FC96.text	03F78791FF8FFFA5FC534FD0FD83FC96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myotis bocagii subsp. cupreolus Thomas 1904	<div><p>Myotis bocagii cupreolus Thomas, 1904</p> <p>(Fig. 13)</p> <p>Myotis bocagei cupreolus Thomas, 1904: 407.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Rufous Mouse-eared Bat.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Agumatsa (Wli Waterfall) • 2 ♀; SMF 89673, SMF 92136.</p> <p>REMARK</p> <p>Only two specimens were collected at the same river crossing at Agumatsa, one in the dry season on 22 Nov. 1999 and one in the wet season on 11.VIII.2001. These appear to be the first record of M. bocagii from the Volta Region and from the Ghana-Togo Highlands. The closest records in Ghana are from the lower Volta River near Kpong (Decher et al. 1997), from Jukwa in the Central Region (USNM 4215; 4216) and from Boti Falls in the Eastern Region (ROM 55137, 60227). The only known record from Togo is from Borgou in Northern Togo (De Vree &amp; Van der Straeten 1971).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Classified as “Least Concern”on the IUCN Red List. This bat depends on water for its foraging flight (Brosset 1976), as well as riverine forest vegetation and banana and other musaceous plants whose furled leaves it uses as a roost (Happold 2013c). Its survival in the Ghana-Togo Highlands is thus of some conservation concern if forest loss continues.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78791FF8FFFA5FC534FD0FD83FC96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Decher, Jan;Norris, Ryan W.;Abedi-Lartey, Michael;Oppong, James;Hutterer, Rainer;Weinbrenner, Martin;Koch, Martin;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Kilpatrick, C. William	Decher, Jan, Norris, Ryan W., Abedi-Lartey, Michael, Oppong, James, Hutterer, Rainer, Weinbrenner, Martin, Koch, Martin, Podsiadlowski, Lars, Kilpatrick, C. William (2021): A survey of small mammals in the Volta Region of Ghana with comments on zoogeography and conservation. Zoosystema 43 (14): 253-281, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a14
