taxonID	type	description	language	source
C2178781FFC0D87C61F11BFAFDE45E26.taxon	description	(Figures 1 and 2)	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC0D87C61F11BFAFDE45E26.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: male, Yangma Island, 37 ° 27 ′ N, 121 ° 36 ′ E, sandy beach (No. 81), 22 April 2011. Paratypes: 11 females and 9 males, same as holotype; 19 females, 37 ° 27 ′ N, 121 ° 30 ′ E, sandy beach (No. 94 – 101), 23 April 2011. All from Shandong Province, northeast China, leg. M. B. Potapov, Y. X. Luan and C. W. Huang. Holotype and 20 paratypes (16 females and 4 males) are deposited in SIPPE, 9 paratypes (8 female and 1 male) in MSPU, and 10 paratypes (6 females and 4 males) in NEIGAE.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC0D87C61F11BFAFDE45E26.taxon	description	Description Body white in alcohol. Size 750 – 870 µm in females, 650 – 800 µm in males; holotype: 750 µm. Body subcylindrical, body sides almost parallel. Pseudocellar formula: 32 / 133 / 33343 dorsally, 11 / 000 / 00010 ventrally (Figures 1 A, B, 2 A, E), subcoxa 1 of legs I – III with 1, 1 and 1 pso, respectively. Parapseudocelli absent. Pseudopore formula: 00 / 011 / 11110 dorsally, 00 / 111 / 000 x 0 ventrally. S-chaetae subcylindrical, well differentiated, formula: 11 / 011 / 221121 dorsally, 11 / 000 / 000100 ventrally (Figures 1 A, B, 2 A, E). Sp present on dorsal side of head. Tiny and blunt ms, present on Th. II – III. Head. Antennae short and distinctly segmented, as long as head or slightly longer. Length ratio of Ant. I: II: III: IV as about 1: 1.8: 1.8: 2. Ant. IV with subapical organite with apex globular; basolateral ms at about one-third length from base. Ant. III sensory organ composed of five papillae, five guard chaetae, two small sensory rods and two smooth subequal clubs, and a lateral ms (Figure 1 C, F). Ant. II with 12 chaetae. Ant. I with eight chaetae. Antennal base without distinct granulation. PAO composed 16 – 20 simple vesicles. Dorsal cephalic chaeta d 0 present, 3 + 3 p-chaetae present between two inner posterior pso, p 1 anterior to others (Figure 1 A). Mandible with strong molar plate and four apical teeth. Maxilla bearing three teeth and six lamellae (Figure 2 C). Maxillary outer lobe with a simple palp, one basal chaeta and two sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 142. Labium with six proximal, four basomedian (E, F, G, F) and five basolateral (b, c, d, e, e’) chaetae; labial type A, papillae A – E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 2 guard chaetae (Figure 1 D). Postlabial chaetae 3 + 3 along ventral groove (Figure 2 A). Body chaetotaxy (Figures 1 A, B, and 2 F). Ordinary chaetae short, weakly differentiated to mesochaetae and macrochaetae, ratio sp: m 1: p 1 on Abd. V tergum = 1: 0.6: 1.2. Th. I tergum with 5 + 5 dorsal chaetae. Th. II – III terga with 4 + 4 chaetae and Abd. I – III terga with 3 + 3 chaetae respectively on both sides of axial line, sometimes with asymmetric chaetae. Abd. IV tergum with asymmetric chaetae, Abd. V tergum without axial chaetae, Abd. VI tergum with one axial chaeta (a 0) (Figure 1 B). Th. I, II and III sterna each with 1 + 1 chaetae. Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I – III with 3, 3 and 3 (4) chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 3 and 3 chaetae respectively (Figure 2 E). Tibiotarsi of legs I, II and III with 18 (1, 8, 9) chaetae each. Unguis without teeth. Unguiculus reduced to small blunt process (Figure 1 E). Pretarsus armed with transversal circular ridge with two pairs of warts anterior and lateral (Figures 1 E and 2 D). Ventral tube with 10 + 10 chaetae: 1 + 1 anterior, 7 + 7 distal chaetae, and 2 + 2 basal chaetae. Furca reduced to a field of fine granulation and with four small dental chaetae arranged in two rows below; with only one manubrial row of chaetae (Figure 2 F). Genital plate with 8 – 10 chaetae in females, 24 – 26 chaetae in males. Male organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0 and 2 a 1; upper valves with chaetae a 0, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Figure 2 B). Anal spines set on indistinct papillae, 0.7 times as long as inner edge of hind unguis.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC0D87C61F11BFAFDE45E26.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Highly abundant in one sample in sand dunes.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC0D87C61F11BFAFDE45E26.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named after the short chaetae on the body.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC0D87C61F11BFAFDE45E26.taxon	discussion	Remarks The new species is peculiar in its wart-like blunt unguiculus, which was not previously found in the genus. Otherwise, T. brevisetosa sp. nov. resembles two seaside European species namely T. debilis and T. thalassophila. The latter is considered to be a synonym of the former (Fjellberg 1998), however, the relationships between these two species and all other forms of T. debilis remain unresolved (Sun et al. 2010). Thalassaphorura brevisetosa sp. nov. and T. debilis / thalassophila share pso formula 32 / 133 / 33343, 1 / 1 / 1 pso on subcoxae, 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 ventral chaetae on Th. I – III, 1 + 1 / 7 + 7 / 2 + 2 chaetae on ventral tube, and middle-sized anal spines (ratio of AS / hind unguis about 0.7). The new species differs by body being half the size, the presence of a pair of ventral pso on the abdomen, almost totally reduced unguiculus and shorter chaetae on the body.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC4D87361F91999FBAE5A11.taxon	description	(Figures 3 and 4)	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC4D87361F91999FBAE5A11.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: female, Qizi Bay, 19 ° 21 ′ N, 108 ° 40 ′ E, sand beach (No. 31), vicinity of Changhua town, Changjiang County, Hainan Province (western coast), South China, 6 April 2011, leg. Y. Bu, C. W. Huang, M. B. Potapov and N. A. Kuznetsova. Paratypes: 6 females and 5 males, same as holotype. Holotype and 5 paratypes (3 females and 2 males) are deposited in SIPPE, 2 paratypes (1 female and 1 male) in MSPU, and 4 paratypes (2 females and 2 males) in NEIGAE.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC4D87361F91999FBAE5A11.taxon	description	Description Body white in alcohol. Size 750 – 800 µm in females, 550 – 700 µm in males; holotype: 800 µm. Body subcylindrical, body sides almost parallel. Pseudocellar formula: 32 / 233 / 33343 dorsally, and 11 / 000 / 01120 ventrally (Figures 3 C – E and 4 A), subcoxa 1 of legs I – III each with 2 pso respectively. Parapseudocelli absent. Pseudopore formula: 00 / 011 / 11110 dorsally, 00 / 111 / 000 x 0 ventrally. S-chaetae cylindrical, well differentiated, formula: 11 / 011 / 222121 dorsally, 11 / 000 / 000100 ventrally. Sp present on dorsal side of head. Tiny and blunt ms, present on Th. II – III. Head. Antennae short and distinctly segmented, as long as head. Length ratio of Ant. I: II: III: IV as about 1: 1.5: 1.5: 2. Ant. IV with subapical organite with apex globular; basolateral ms at about two-fifths length from base. Ant. III sensory organ composed of five papillae, five guard chaetae, two small sensory rods and two smooth subequal clubs, and a lateral ms (Figures 3 B and 4 B). Ant. II with 13 chaetae. Ant. I with eight chaetae. Antennal base with distinct granulation. PAO composed 16 – 17 simple vesicles. Dorsal cephalic chaeta d 0 present. 3 + 3 p-chaetae present between two inner posterior pso, p 1 anterior to others (Figure 3 C). Mandible with strong molar plate and four apical teeth. Maxilla bearing three teeth and six lamellae. Maxillary outer lobe with a simple palp, one basal chaeta and two sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 142. Labium with six proximal, four basomedian (E, F, G, f) and six basolateral (a, b, c, d, e, e’) chaetae; labial type AC, papillae A – E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 2 guard chaetae (Figure 3 A). Postlabial chaetae 4 + 4 along ventral groove (Figure 4 A). Body chaetotaxy (Figure 3 C – E). Ordinary chaetae differentiated in mesochaetae and macrochaetae, ratio sp: m 1: p 1 on Abd. V tergum = 1: 0.5: 1.8. Th. I tergum with 5 + 5 chaetae. Th. II – III and Abd. I – III terga with 3 + 3 chaetae respectively on both side of axial line, without axial chaeta. Abd. IV tergum with one axial chaeta (m 0), Abd. V tergum with one axial chaeta (a 0), Abd. VI tergum with one axial chaeta (a 0) (Figure 3 D). Th. I, II and III sterna with 0 + 0, 1 + 1, 1 + 1 chaetae, respectively. Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I – III with 4, 4 and 4 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 4 and 4 chaetae respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I, II and III with 18 (1, 8, 9) chaetae each. Unguis without teeth. Unguiculus 0.7 times as long as inner edge of unguis, with very narrow inner basal lamella (Figure 4 D, E). Ventral tube with 1 + 1 anterior chaetae, 6 + 6 distal chaetae, 2 + 2 basal chaetae. Furca reduced to a field of fine granulation and with four small dental chaetae arranged in two rows below; only one manubrial row of chaetae present (Figure 4 F). Genital plate with 11 – 12 chaetae in females, 20 – 22 chaetae in males. Male organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0 and 2 a 1; upper valves with chaetae a 0, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Figure 4 C). Anal spines set on indistinct papillae, 0.3 times as long as inner edge of hind unguis.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC4D87361F91999FBAE5A11.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The species was collected from the sand covered by scattered vegetation on the outer section of a dune on an oceanic beach.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC4D87361F91999FBAE5A11.taxon	etymology	Etymology To date the species has only been recorded from Hainan Island.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFC4D87361F91999FBAE5A11.taxon	discussion	Remarks The new species shows the most common pseudocellar formula (32 / 233 / 33343) known among the species of the genus (Sun et al. 2010). It mostly resembles T. pomorskii Sun et al., 2010 described from forest litter of the Guangxi Province. They share the same pso and s-chaetae dorsal formulae, 5 + 5 dorsal chaetae on Th. I, presence of axial chaeta a 0 on Abd. VI tergum, 1 + 1 / 6 + 6 / 2 + 2 chaetae on ventral tube, and small anal spines. T. hainanica sp. nov. differs from T. pomorskii by 2 + 2 pso on Abd. IV sternum (versus 1 + 1), chaetae missing on Th. I sternum (versus present), four chaetae on subcoxa 1 of leg I (versus two), and small axial chaeta a 0 on Abd. V (versus much longer and sometimes asymmetrical). The most notable characters of T. hainanica sp. nov. are short anal spines and very long chaeta a 0 on Abd. VI.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFCBD87761F91DAEFC135926.taxon	description	(Figures 5 and 6)	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFCBD87761F91DAEFC135926.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Thirteen females and 13 males, Zhifu island, 37 ° 36 ′ N, 121 ° 24 ′ E, shingly beach (No. 23 – 26, 28 – 34, 40 – 42, 45 – 47), Yantai City, 21 April 2011, leg. Y. Bu, C. W. Huang, M. B. Potapov and N. A. Kuznetsova; 2 males, Yangma island, 37 ° 27 ′ N, 121 ° 36 ′ E, shingly beach (No. 70), 22 April 2011, leg. Y. Bu, C. W. Huang, M. B. Potapov and N. A. Kuznetsova. 20 individuals (10 females and 10 males) are deposited in SIPPE, 2 (1 female and 1 male) in MSPU, and 4 (2 females and 2 males) in NEIGAE. We also studied the materials of populations of T. duplopunctata from several locations in the northern European part of Russia (Murmansk coast and Dolgy Island) and Far East (coast near Magadan), all leg. Babenko.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFCBD87761F91DAEFC135926.taxon	description	Description based on Chinese specimens Size 1300 – 1460 µm in females, 1100 – 1350 µm in males. Body subcylindrical, body sides almost parallel. Pseudocellar formula: 32 / 233 / 33343 dorsally, 11 / 000 / 01110 ventrally (Figures 5 C – E, 6 D), subcoxa 1 of legs I – III with two, two and two pso respectively. Parapseudocelli absent. Pseudopore formula: 00 / 011 / 11110 dorsally, 00 / 111 / 000 x 00 ventrally. S-chaetae not distinguishable from ordinary chaetae. Tiny and blunt ms, present on Th. II – III. Head. Antennae slightly longer than head. Length ratio of Ant. I: II: III: IV as about 1: 2: 2: 2.5. Ant. IV with subapical organite with apex globular; basolateral ms at about half length from base (Figure 6 C). Ant. III sensory organ composed of five papillae, five guard chaetae, two small sensory rods and two smooth subequal clubs, and a lateral ms (Figure 5 B). Ant. II with 13 chaetae. Ant. I with nine chaetae. Antennal base with distinct granulation. PAO composed 18 – 22 simple vesicles (Figure 5 A). Dorsal cephalic chaeta d 0 present. 3 + 3 p-chaetae present between two inner posterior pso, p 1 anterior to others (Figure 5 C). Mandible with strong molar plate and four apical teeth. Maxilla bearing three teeth and six lamellae. Maxillary outer lobe with a simple palp, one basal chaeta and two sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 142 (Figure 6 B). Labium with six proximal, four basomedian (E, F, G, f) and six basolateral (a, b, c, d, e, e’) chaetae; labial type AC, papillae A – E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 2 guard chaetae (Figure 6 A). Postlabial chaetae 4 + 4 along ventral groove. Body chaetotaxy (Figures 5 C – E, and 6 D). Ordinary chaetae differentiated in mesochaetae and macrochaetae. Th. I tergum with 7 – 8 + 7 – 8 chaetae. Th. II – III terga with 4 + 4 chaetae and Abd. I – II terga with 3 + 3 chaetae respectively on both side of axial line, without axial chaeta. Chaetae of Abd. III – V terga asymmetrical (more pronounced in males), Abd. VI tergum with one axial chaeta (m 0) (Figure 5 D, E). Th. I, II and III sterna with 1 + 1, 1 + 1, 1 + 1 chaetae respectively. Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I – III with 4, 4 and 4 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 4 and 4 chaetae, respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I, II and III with 18 (1, 8, 9) chaetae each. Unguis without teeth. Unguiculus 0.7 times as long as inner edge of unguis, with inner basal lamella (Figure 6 E). Ventral tube with 1 + 1 anterior chaetae, 6 – 8 + 6 – 8 distal chaetae, 2 + 2 basal chaetae. Furca reduced to a field of fine granulation and with four small dental chaetae arranged in two rows below; only one manubrial row of chaetae present (Figure 6 D). Genital plate with 16 – 18 chaetae in females, 30 – 52 chaetae in males. Male organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0 and 2 a 1; upper valves with chaetae a 0, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2. Anal spines set on distinct papillae, 0.7 times as long as inner edge of hind unguis. Variation Two females from China were found with additional pso on the ventral side of Abd. IV (only on one half in one of the females).	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFCBD87761F91DAEFC135926.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology From the middle part of intertidal zone to the supralittoral part of shingly beaches.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFCBD87761F91DAEFC135926.taxon	discussion	Remarks Thalassaphorura duplopunctata is distributed in the Arctic and boreal areas of the Holarctic. Its scarce records in Eastern Palaearctic and Nearctic are probably the result of insufficient knowledge of littoral Collembola of the northern Pacific compared with respective areas of the Atlantic, which have been studied in more detail (Figure 7). Considering Shandong Province to be the most southern record of this primarily northerly distributed species, we give its full description here.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFCCD874616D1886FE265D92.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Fifteen females and 12 males, Zhujiajian island, 29 ° 55 ′ N, 122 ° 25 ′ E, sand beach (No. 42, 44, 45, 47, 48), Zhoushan County, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, East China, 13 April 2011, leg. Y. W. Huang and M. B. Potapov. 19 individuals (10 females and 9 males) are deposited in SIPPE, 2 (1 female and 1 male) in MSPU, and 6 (4 females and 2 males) in NEIGAE.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
C2178781FFCCD874616D1886FE265D92.taxon	discussion	Remarks Thalassaphorura lifouensis was first described from beaches in New Caledonia (Thibaud and Weiner 1997). Our record considerably expands the distribution of the species. Our littoral material fits the original description, except that a 0 is absent on Abd. V tergum in our specimens.	en	Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. (2013): Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10): 575-589, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.839843
