taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B11673877D730356BEFCDDFD4462DB.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877D730356BEFCDDFD4462DB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: AURORA 2007, Philippines, ovigerous female (CL 5.7 mm) (NMCR), station CP 2667, 15 ° 56 ' N, 121 ° 47 ' E, 292 – 307 m, 21 May 2007. — Paratypes: PANGLAO 2004, Philippines, 1 male (CL 6.0 mm), 1 female (CL 5.4 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 6.7 mm) (NTOU A 01411), station L 42, 9 ° 31.2 ' N, 123 ° 40.7 ' E, 80 – 90 m, 2 July 2004. — 1 male (CL 6.1 mm), 4 females (CL 6.7 – 7.7 mm), 2 ovigerous females (CL 6.5 – 7.1 mm) (NTOU A 01412), station T 37, 9 ° 28.2 ' N, 123 ° 50.7 ' E, 134 – 190 m, 04 July 2004. — AURORA 2007, Philippines, 4 males (CL 5.2 – 6.4 mm), 1 female (CL 6.5 mm), 10 ovigerous females (CL 5.6 – 6.8 mm) (NTOU A 01413), station CP 2667, 15 ° 56 ' N, 121 ° 47 ' E, 292 – 307 m, 21 May 2007.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877D730356BEFCDDFD4462DB.taxon	description	Description. Carapace: As long as broad. Dorsal surface covered with numerous spinules; with few short simple setae. Epigastric region with two spines, each behind supraocular spine; without median row of spinules behind rostral spine. Mesogastric region with one well-developed spine usually merged with a smaller spine. Anterior branch of cervical groove with short setae. Cervical groove distinct. Cardiac and anterior branchial regions slightly circumscribed. Cardiac region with a median row of three well-developed spines, first thicker than others. Each branchial region with row of spines near cardiac region. Frontal margin slightly concave. Lateral margins convex, with some spines and iridescent setae on anterior half. Anterolateral spine well developed, exceeding sinus between rostral and supraocular spines. Rostral spine spiniform, with thin dorsal longitudinal carina; supraocular spines well developed, shorter and slightly slender than rostral spine; margin between rostral and supraocular spines slightly concave (Fig. 1 A, B). Sternum: Thoracic sternite 4 with few arcuate striae; sternites 5 – 7 smooth (Fig. 1 C). Abdomen: Abdominal somites 2 – 3 each with four welldeveloped spines on anterior ridge, posterior ridge with two median spines. Abdominal somite 4 with four spines on anterior ridge; posterior ridge without distinct single median spine. Ridges with numerous spinules and a few small spines (Fig. 1 A). Eyes: Maximum corneal diameter about one-third distance between bases of anterolateral spines. Antennule: Article 1 exceeding corneae, with distomesial spine small and slightly shorter than distolateral; about twice longer than wide and with fringe of long setae along lateral margin; lateral margin with straight (distal) portion clearly shorter than convex (proximal) portion (Fig. 1 D). Antenna: Anterior prolongation of article 1 clearly overreaching antennular peduncle by about one-sixth of its length. Article 2 about 2.5 times length of article 3 and 2.5 times longer than wide, ventral surface with scales; distomesial spine slightly mucronated, exceeding antennal peduncle and without tuff of setae, overreaching mid-length of anterior prolongation of article 1, and far from distal end of antennular article 1, distolateral spine not reaching end of article 3; article 3 about 1.5 times longer than wide and unarmed (Fig. 1 D). Maxilliped 3: Ischium about 1.6 times length of merus measured along extensor margin, flexor margin bearing long distal spine; merus with well-developed median spine on flexor margin; extensor margin unarmed (Fig. 1 E). Pereopod 1: Long and slender, squamate, between 3.1 – 3.2 times carapace length; carpus about as long as palm, and 11.1 – 11.3 times longer than height; palm 1.4 – 1.5 times fingers length. Base of carpus without bundle of setae (Fig. 1 F). Pereopods 2 – 4: Long and slender, with scales on lateral sides of meri, carpi and propodi; scales with short setae. P 2 2.5 – 2.9 times carapace length, merus 1.1 – 1.2 times longer than carapace, about 14 – 15 times as long as height, 4.3 – 4.4 times as long as carpus and 1.6 – 1.7 times as long as propodus; propodus about 14 – 15 times as long as height, and 1.1 times dactylus length. Merus with well-developed spines on extensor border, increasing in size distally, flexor margin with few spines and one well-developed distal spine; bearing row of small spines along flexolateral margin. Carpus with few small extensor spines, bearing small distal spine on extensor and distal margins. Propodus with small movable flexor spines. Dactylus compressed, slightly curved, with longitudinal carinae along mesial and lateral sides, flexor border unarmed. End of P 2 carpus not reaching end of P 1 merus. P 3 with similar spination and article proportions as P 2; merus slightly longer than P 2 merus; propodus and dactylus longer than those of P 2. P 4 about as long as P 2; merus as long as carapace length; propodus and dactylus as long as those of P 3; merocarpal articulation clearly exceeding end of anterior prolongation of article 1 of antennal peduncle (Fig. 1 G – I).	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877D730356BEFCDDFD4462DB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Paramunida akaina, new species, belongs to the group of species with the rostral spine larger than supraocular spines, distomesial spine of antennal article 2 mucronated and mesogastric region with one or two spines. The new species is morphologically closely related to P. belone Macpherson, 1993, but they can be easily distinguished by the following characters: - The distomesial spine of the antennal article 2 overreaches the antennular peduncle in P. belone, but is far from distal the end of antennular peduncle in P. akaina, new species. - The distolateral spine of the antennal article 2 not reaching end of article 3 in the new species, instead of overreaching article 3 as in P. belone. The genetic divergence between P. akaina, new species, and P. belone are in the range of 9.6 – 10.4 % for the ND 1 and between 4.6 – 5.5 % % for the 16 S. The new species is also very similar to P. spica Cabezas, Macpherson & Machordom, 2010; however, both species chiefly differs in the number of mesogastric spines (three in P. spica versus one in P. akaina, new species). The article 3 of the antenna is nearly twice longer than wide in P. spica, but only 1.5 times longer than wide in the new species. The genetic divergence between P. akaina, new species, and P. spica are in the range of 9.6 – 10.1 % for the ND 1 and between 5.5 – 5.9 % for the 16 S. Paramunida akaina, new species, can be also allied with P. antipodes Ahyong & Poore, 2004, but the distomesial spine of the antennal article 2 clearly overreaches antennal peduncle in the new species, but never reaches it in P. antipodes. No molecular data are available for P. antipodes. Colour. Not known.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877D730356BEFCDDFD4462DB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Greek “ akaina ”, which means thorn or spine, in reference to the spine merged to the welldeveloped mesogastric spine. The name is considered as a noun in apposition.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877D730356BEFCDDFD4462DB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Philippines, between 80 – 307 m depth.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877B730156B0FA1CFA9C6558.taxon	description	(Figs. 2, 4 A)	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877B730156B0FA1CFA9C6558.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: AURORA 2007, Philippines, ovigerous female (CL 7.9 mm) (NMCR), station CP 2695, 14 ° 46 ' N, 123 ° 39 ' E, 357 – 367 m, 26 May 2007. — Paratypes: AURORA 2007, Philippines, 55 males (CL 5.0 – 11.1 mm), 50 females (CL 5.0 – 9.0 mm) (NTOU A 01409), station CP 2695, 14 ° 46 ' N, 123 ° 39 ' E, 357 – 367 m, 26 May 2007. — 2 females (CL 8.4 – 9.9 mm), 2 ovigerous females (CL 8.4 – 10.8 mm) (NTOU A 01410), station CP 2696, 14 ° 47 ' N, 123 ° 42 ' E, 367 – 380 m, 26 May 2007.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877B730156B0FA1CFA9C6558.taxon	description	Description. Carapace: As long as broad. Dorsal surface covered with numerous granules and spinules; with few short simple setae. Epigastric region with two spines, each behind supraocular spine; without median row of spinules behind rostral spine. Mesogastric region with median row of three spines, first thicker than others. Anterior branch of cervical groove with short setae. Cervical groove distinct. Cardiac and anterior branchial regions slightly circumscribed. Cardiac region with a median row of three well-developed spines, first thicker than others. Each branchial region with row of spines near cardiac region. Frontal margin slightly concave. Lateral margins convex, with some spines and iridescent setae on anterior half. Anterolateral spine well developed, exceeding sinus between rostral and supraocular spines. Rostral spine spiniform, with thin dorsal longitudinal carina; supraocular spines well developed, shorter and slender than rostral spine; margin between rostral and supraocular spines slightly concave (Fig. 2 A, B). Sternum: Thoracic sternite 4 with numerous arcuate striae; sternites 5 – 7 with only few striae on each lateral side (Fig. 2 C). Abdomen: Abdominal somites 2 – 3 each with four welldeveloped spines on anterior ridge, posterior ridge with two median spines. Abdominal somite 4 with four spines on anterior ridge; posterior ridge with distinct single median spine. Ridges with numerous spinules and a few small spines (Fig. 2 A). Eyes: Maximum corneal diameter more than one-third distance between bases of anterolateral spines. Antennule: Article 1 exceeding corneae, with distomesial spine small and slightly shorter than distolateral; about twice longer than wide and with fringe of long setae along lateral margin; lateral margin with straight (distal) portion clearly shorter than convex (proximal) portion (Fig. 2 D). Antenna: Anterior prolongation of article 1 clearly overreaching antennular peduncle by about one-third of its length. Article 2 about 2.5 times length of article 3 and twice longer than wide, ventral surface with scales; distomesial spine spiniform, slightly exceeding antennal peduncle and without tuff of setae, reaching mid-length of anterior prolongation of article 1, and far from distal end of antennular article 1, distolateral spine nearly reaching end of article 3; article 3 as long as wide and unarmed (Fig. 2 D). Maxilliped 3: Ischium about 1.7 times length of merus measured along extensor margin, flexor margin bearing long distal spine; merus with well-developed median spine on flexor margin; extensor margin unarmed (Fig. 2 E). Pereopod 1: Long and slender, squamate, between 3.8 – 4.0 times carapace length; carpus about 1.1 – 1.2 palm length, and 5.3 – 5.5 times longer than height; palm about as long as fingers length. Base of carpus without bundle of setae (Fig. 2 F). Pereopods 2 – 4: Long and slender, with numerous scales on lateral sides of meri, carpi and propodi; scales with short setae. P 2 2.6 – 2.9 times carapace length, merus 1.1 – 1.2 times longer than carapace, about 14 times as long as height, 4.1 times as long as carpus and 1.6 – 1.7 times as long as propodus; propodus about 11 – 13 times as long as height, and 1.2 times dactylus length. Merus with well-developed spines on extensor border, increasing in size distally, flexor margin with few spines and one well-developed distal spine; bearing row of small spines along flexolateral margin. Carpus with some small extensor spines, small distal spine on extensor and flexor margins. Propodus with small movable flexor spines. Dactylus compressed, slightly curved, with longitudinal carinae along mesial and lateral sides, flexor border unarmed. End of P 2 carpus reaching end of P 1 merus. P 3 with similar spination and article proportions as P 2; merus slightly shorter than P 2 merus; propodus and dactylus about 1.2 times longer than those of P 2. P 4 as long as P 2; merus about 1.1 times carapace length; propodus and dactylus as long as those of P 3; merocarpal articulation slightly exceeding end of anterior prolongation of article 1 of antennal peduncle (Fig. 2 G – I).	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877B730156B0FA1CFA9C6558.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Paramunida aspera, new species, belongs to the group of species with the rostral spine larger than supraocular spines, distomesial spine of antennal article 2 spiniform and mesogastric region with three spines. The new species is morphologically related to P. marionis Cabezas, Macpherson & Machordom, 2010, but the following characters can distinguish them: - The number of striae on the thoracic sternite 4 is clearly higher in P. aspera, new species, than in P. marionis. Furthermore, the thoracic sternite 7 is smooth in P. marionis, but with few striae on each lateral side in P. aspera, new species. - The antennal article 3 is as long as wide in the new species and about 1.5 times longer than wide in P. marionis. No molecular comparison was performed with P. marionis. The new species is also morphologically allied with P. stichas Macpherson, 1993, but the distomesial spine of the antennal article 2 is spiniform in P. aspera, new species, and mucronated in P. stichas. Furthermore, the antennal segment 3 is as long as wide in the new species, but 1.5 times longer than broad in P. stichas. The genetic divergence between P. aspera, new species, and P. stichas are in the range of 3.9 – 5.5 % for the ND 1 and between 1.5 – 2.4 % for the 16 S. Furthermore, the new species also resembles to P. proxima, but both species can be easily distinguished by the number of mesogastric spines (one in P. proxima versus three in P. aspera, new species) and striae on sternum (numerous striae in P. proxima versus few striae on each side of sternites 5 – 7 in P. aspera, new species). The genetic divergence between P. aspera, new species, and P. proxima are between 6.6 – 7.3 % for the ND 1 and between 1.5 – 2.4 % for the 16 S. Finally, the new species is close related to P. leptotes Macpherson & Baba, 2009, but they clearly differ in the number of mesogastric spines (three in P. aspera, new species, but one or rarely two in P. leptotes). Furthermore, the distomesial spine of the antennal article 2 clearly overreaches antennal peduncle in P. leptotes, whereas this spine only slightly exceeds the antennal peduncle in the new species. The genetic divergence between P. aspera, new species, and P. leptotes are in the range of 10.3 – 10.6 % for the ND 1 and between 4.3 – 4.6 % for the 16 S. Colour. Body generally pale pinkish orange and covered with numerous fine reddish orange dots. Walking legs, abdominal somites 5 – 6 and tail fan translucent whitish. Pereopods alternated with orangish red bands. Eyes dark brownish.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877B730156B0FA1CFA9C6558.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin “ asper ”, which means rough, in reference to the numerous granules and spinules covering the carapace.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B11673877B730156B0FA1CFA9C6558.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Philippines, between 357 – 380 m depth.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738779730F55FAFD9FFA9C645A.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738779730F55FAFD9FFA9C645A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: AURORA 2007, Philippines, 1 ovigerous female (CL 6.2 mm) (NMCR), station CP 2748, 15 ° 56 ' N, 121 ° 45 ' E, 247 – 249 m, 2 June 2007. — Paratypes: AURORA 2007, Philippines, 10 males (CL 4.2 – 6.2 mm), 8 females (CL 5.5 – 7.1 mm), 6 ovigerous females (CL 5.6 – 6.6 mm) (NTOU-A 01416), station CP 2655, 16 ° 03 ' N, 121 ° 54 ' E, 189 m, 20 May 2007. — 3 males (CL 6.0 – 6.4 mm), 6 females (4.8 – 7.2 mm), 2 ovigerous females (5.9 – 7.6 mm) (NTOU- A 01417), station CP 2748, 15 ° 56 ' N, 121 ° 45 ' E, 247 – 249 m, 2 June 2007.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738779730F55FAFD9FFA9C645A.taxon	description	Description. Carapace: As long as broad. Dorsal surface covered with numerous spinules; with few short simple setae. Epigastric region with two spines, each behind supraocular spine; without median row of spinules behind rostral spine. Gastric region indistinctly separated from hepatic area, metagastric region well defined and mesogastric region without well-developed spines. Anterior branch of cervical groove with short setae. Cervical groove deeply excavated. Cardiac and anterior branchial regions well defined, slightly convex, round scale-like ridge at anterior end of branchiocardiac boundary distinctly elevated and provided with few spinules. Cardiac region with one well-developed spine. Each branchial region with one spine near cardiac region. Frontal margin slightly concave. Lateral margins convex, with iridescent setae on anterior half. Anterolateral spine well-developed, slightly exceeding sinus between rostral and supraocular spines. Rostral spine spiniform, without thin dorsal longitudinal carina; supraocular spines as long as and slightly slender than rostral spine; margin between rostral and supraocular spines slightly concave (Fig. 3 A, B). Sternum: Thoracic sternite 4 – 6 with numerous striae (Fig. 3 C), sternite 7 with fewer striae. Abdomen: Abdominal somites 2 – 3 each with four spines on anterior ridge, posterior ridge with two median spines. Abdominal somite 4 with four spines on anterior ridge; posterior ridge with distinct single median spine. Ridges with numerous spinules and a few small spines (Fig. 3 A). Eyes: Maximum corneal diameter more than one-third distance between bases of anterolateral spines. Antennule: Article 1 exceeding corneae, with distomesial spine shorter than distolateral; about twice longer than wide and with fringe of long setae along lateral margin; lateral margin with straight (distal) portion clearly shorter than convex (proximal) portion (Fig. 3 D). Antenna: Anterior prolongation of article 1 overreaching antennular peduncle by about one-fifth of its length. Article 2 about 1.5 times length of article 3 and 2.5 times longer than wide, ventral surface with scales; distomesial spine slightly mucronated, exceeding antennal peduncle and without tuff of setae, overreaching mid-length of anterior prolongation of article 1, and far from distal end of antennular article 1, distolateral spine not reaching end of article 3; article 3 about 1.5 times longer than wide and unarmed (Fig. 3 D). Maxilliped 3: Ischium about twice length of merus measured along extensor margin, flexor border bearing long distal spine; merus with well-developed median spine on flexor margin; extensor margin unarmed (Fig. 3 E). Pereopod 1 (broken): Long and slender. Merus distinctly longer than carapace, dorsally armed with row of spines, and about 19 times longer than height (Fig. 3 F). Pereopods 2 – 4: Long and slender, with scales on lateral sides of meri, carpi and propodi; scales with short setae. P 2 4.1 – 4.2 times carapace length, merus 1.8 – 1.9 times longer than carapace, about 23 – 24 times as long as height, 4.1 – 4.7 times as long as carpus and 1.6 – 1.7 times as long as propodus; propodus about 16 – 19 times as long as height, and 1.3 – 1.4 times dactylus length. Merus with well-developed spines on extensor border, increasing in size distally, flexor margin with few spines and one well-developed distal spine. Carpus with few small extensor spines, bearing small distal spine on extensor and flexor margins. Propodus with small movable flexor spines. Dactylus compressed, slightly curved, with longitudinal carinae along mesial and lateral sides, flexor border unarmed. End of P 2 carpus not reaching end of P 1 merus. P 3 with similar spination and article proportions as P 2; merus as long as P 2 merus; propodus and dactylus longer than those of P 2. P 4 about as long as P 2; merus 1.8 – 1.9 times carapace length; propodus and dactylus as long as those of P 3; merocarpal articulation clearly exceeding anterior prolongation of article 1 of antennal peduncle (Fig. 3 G – I).	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738779730F55FAFD9FFA9C645A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Paramunida aurora, new species, belongs to the group of species with the rostral spine as long as supraocular spines, distomesial spine of antennal article 2 slightly mucronated and mesogastric region without well developed spines. The new species is closely related to P. tenera Cabezas, Macpherson & Machordom, 2010, but they can be distinguished by the following morphological characters: - The rostral spine is short and triangular, with thin dorsal carina in P. tenera, but longer, spiniform and without dorsal carina in the new species. - The cardiac region has one well-developed spine in P. aurora, new species, whereas there is a row of 3 welldeveloped spines in P. tenera. - The number of striae at the thoracic sternites 4 – 7 is distinctly higher in P. aurora, new species, than in P. tenera. The genetic divergence between P. aurora, new species, and P. tenera are in the range of 11.3 – 12.6 % for the ND 1 and between 4.6 – 4.8 % for the 16 S. The new species is also morphologically very close to P. setigera Baba, 1988, but they clearly differ in the shape of the rostrum (spiniform in P. aurora, new species, but triangular in P. setigera). The genetic divergence between P. aurora, new species, and P. setigera are in the range of 10.8 – 11.7 % for the ND 1 and between 5.5 – 6.0 % for the 16 S. Colour. Not known.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738779730F55FAFD9FFA9C645A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the deep-sea expedition “ AURORA ”.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738779730F55FAFD9FFA9C645A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Philippines, between 189 – 249 m depth.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738777730F558EFC9DFAD860F0.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 B)	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738777730F558EFC9DFAD860F0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. PANGLAO 2004, Philippines, 3 males (CL 4.1 – 5.9 mm), 1 female (CL 6.4 mm) (NTOU A 01351), station T 34, 9 ° 31.3 ' N, 123 ° 51.4 ' E, 145 – 163 m, 3 July 2004. — 1 male (CL 8.1 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 9.1 mm) (NTOU A 01352), station T 37, 9 ° 28.2 ' N, 123 ° 50.7 ' E, 134 – 190 m, 4 July 2004. — PANGLAO 2005, Philippines, 6 males (CL 6.7 – 11.0 mm), 3 females (7.0 – 11.5 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 10.0 mm) (NTOU A 01353), station CP 2344, 9 ° 28.4 ' N, 123 ° 50.1 ° ' E, 128 – 155 m, 23 May 2005. — 2 males (CL 10.2 - 12.1 mm) (NTOU A 01354), station CA 2345, 9 ° 28.3 ' N, 123 ° 54.1 ' E, 276 m, 23 May 2005. — 1 male (CL 11.7 mm), 1 female (CL 5.0 mm) (NTOU A 01355), station DW 2346, 9 ° 28.4 ' N, 123 ° 54.5 ' E, 261 – 280 m, 24 May 2005. — 1 male (CL 12.2 mm) (NTOU A 01356), station CP 2348, 9 ° 29.6 ' N, 123 ° 52.5 ' E, 164 – 196 m, 24 May 2005. — 1 female (CL 8.8 mm) (NTOU A 01357), station CP 2349, 9 ° 31.6 ' N, 123 ° 55.5 ' E, 229 – 240 m, 24 May 2005. — 1 female (CL 11.0 mm) (NTOU A 01358), station CP 2350, 9 ° 31.4 ' N, 124 ° 0.6 ' E, 738 – 798 m, 24 May 2005. — 2 males (CL 8.8 – 11.8 mm), 3 females (6.9 – 10.8 mm) (NTOU A 01359), station CP 2409, 9 ° 44.8 ' N, 123 ° 44.8 ' E, 257 – 269 m, 1 June 2005. Colour. Body generally orangish and distributed with dense minute red dots. Abdominal somites 5 – 6 and tail fan transparent whitish. Walking legs orangish pink. Pereopods alternated with redder bands. Abdominal somites 1 – 4 with oblique transverse red bands. Eyes dark brownish.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738777730F558EFC9DFAD860F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Philippines, between 128 – 798 m.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738776730E56ABFF5CFDBF6026.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. PANGLAO 2005, Philippines, 5 males (CL 5.2 – 11.3 mm), 4 females (CL 5.2 – 10 - 1 mm), 3 ovigerous females (CL 10.2 – 11.7 mm) (NTOU A 01360), station CP 2343, 9 ° 27.4 ' N, 123 ° 49,4 ' E, 273 - 302 m, 23 May 2005. — 8 males (CL 5.0 – 12.2 mm), 3 females (CL 8.8 – 11.9 mm) (NTOU A 01361), station CP 2359, 8 ° 49.9 N, 123 ° 34.9 ' E, 437 - 443 m, 26 May 2005. — 6 males (CL 8.8 – 12. mm), 6 females (CL 8.6 – 11.6 mm), 6 ovigerous females (CL 10.5 – 12.8 mm) (NTOU A 01362), station CP 2360, 8 ° 48.9 ' N, 123 ° 37.6 ' E, 357 - 364 m, 26 May 2005. — 1 female (CL 10.3 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 9.7 mm) (NTOU A 01363), station CP 2361, 8 ° 53.1 ' N, 123 ° 33.5 ' E, 543 – 613 m, 26 May 2005. — 2 males (CL 8.0 – 10.0 mm), 5 females (CL 5.1 – 9.5 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 11.3 mm) (NTOU A 01364), station CP 2368, 8 ° 56.1 ' N, 123 ° 16.6 ' E, 316 - 318 m, 27 May 2005. — 14 males (CL 7.6 – 11.8 mm), 12 females (CL 7.2 – 12.3 mm), 3 ovigerous females (CL 10.6 – 12.6 mm) (NTOU A 01365), station CP 2380, 8 ° 41.3 ' N, 123 ° 17.8 ' E, 163 – 271 m, 28 May 2005. — 2 males (CL 11.0 – 11.1 mm), 1 female (CL 8.9 mm), 2 ovigerous females (CL 9.7 – 10.8 mm) (NTOU A 01366), station CP 2383, 8 ° 44.7 ' N, 123 ° 18.5 ' E, 351 – 376 m, 29 May 2005. — 4 males (CL 9.2 – 12.3 mm), 3 females (CL 9.6 – 10.3 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 11.0 mm) (NTOU A 01367), station CP 2393, 9 ° 30.1 ' N, 123 ° 41.5 ' E, 396 – 414 m, 30 May 2005. — 2 males (CL 9.8 – 10.2 mm) (NTOU A 01368), station CP 2406, 9 ° 40.6 ' N, 123 ° 46.8 ' E, 379 – 389 m, 1 June 2005. Colour. Body generally pinkish orange and covered with dense fine reddish orange dots. Abdominal somites 5 – 6 and tail fan pale colourated. Pereopods alternated with redder bands. Eyes dark brownish.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738776730E56ABFF5CFDBF6026.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Philippines (off Zamboanga, Mindanao), N of the Admiralty Islands, Indonesia (Kei Islands), Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, between 135 – 613 m.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738776730E56ABF8B1FBAE6477.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. PANGLAO 2004, Philippines, 1 male (CL 12.0 mm) (NTOU A 01369), station PN 1, 9 ° 31.2 ' N, 123 ° 41.3 ' E, 50 – 500 m, no specific day. — 1 male (CL 10.2 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 7.2 mm) (NTOU A 01370), station P 2, 9 ° 39.0 ' N, 123 ° 43.8 ' E, 400 m, 30 May 2004. — 1 female (CL 8.9 mm), 5 ovigerous female (CL 9.8 – 12.6 mm) (NTOU A 01371), station P 3, 9 ° 31.1 ' N, 123 ° 41.5 ' E, 100 m, 31 May 2004. — 1 male (CL 12.0 mm), 1 female (CL 13.1 mm) (NTOU A 01372), Balicasag, no specific locality and depth, May 2004? — 1 male (CL 11.9 mm) (NTOU A 01373), Balicasag, no specific locality and depth, March 2004. — 1 ovigerous female (CL 11.0 mm) (NTOU A 01374), Balicasag, no specific locality and depth, November 2003. — PANGLAO 2005, Philippines, 1 male (CL 10.0 mm) (NTOU A 01375), station CP 2343, 9 ° 27.4 ' N, 123 ° 49,4 ' E, 273 – 302 m, 23 May 2005. — 2 males (CL 6.6 – 11.3 mm) (NTOU A 01376), station CA 2345, 9 ° 28.3 ' N, 123 ° 54.1 ' E, 276 m, 23 May 2005. Colour. Not known.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738776730E56ABF8B1FBAE6477.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Solomon Islands, Indonesia, and Philippines, between 50 and 500 m.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738776730D55EEFC40FE0B630D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. PANGLAO 2005, Philippines, 17 males (CL 5.5 – 11.3 mm), 7 females (CL 6.4 – 8.3 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 11.3 mm) (NTOU A 01377), station CP 2343, 9 ° 27.4 ' N, 123 ° 49,4 ' E, 273 – 302 m, 23 May 2005. — 1 male (CL 6.3 mm), 1 female (CL 11.2 mm) (NTOU A 01378), station CA 2345, 9 ° 28.3 ' N, 123 ° 54.1 ' E, 276 m, 23 May 2005. — 4 males (CL 6.4 – 12.2 mm), 1 female (CL 10.3 mm) (NTOU A 01379), station DW 2346, 9 ° 28.4 ' N, 123 ° 54.5 ' E, 261 – 280 m, 24 May 2005. — 1 ovigerous female (CL 10.0 mm) (NTOU A 01380), station CP 2348, 9 ° 29.6 ' N, 123 ° 52.5 ' E, 164 – 196 m, 24 May 2005. — 19 males (CL 4.8 – 14.0 mm), 19 females (CL 5.3 – 11.6 mm), 2 ovigerous females (CL 11.4 – 12.7 mm) (NTOU A 01381), station CP 2380, 8 ° 41.3 ' N, 123 ° 17.8 ' E, 163 – 271 m, 28 May 2005. — 1 male (CL 6.7 mm) (NTOU A 01382), station CP 2381, 8 ° 43.3 ' N, 123 ° 19.0 ' E, 275 – 280 m, 28 May 2005. — 1 female (CL 6.5 mm) (NTOU A 01383), station CP 2406, 9 ° 40.6 ' N, 123 ° 46.8 ' E, 379 – 389 m, 1 June 2005. Colour. Ground colour of carapace and abdomen pale pink. Epigastric and cardiac regions reddish. Ground colour of P 1 – 4 whitish, with red bands and some small red spots; P 1 fingers white, distal portion reddish (from Baba et al., 2009).	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738776730D55EEFC40FE0B630D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hong Kong, East and South China Sea (Dongsha), Indonesia (Kei Islands), Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, and Australia (off Central Queensland), between 70 and 1630 m. The records along the Eastern Africa (off Tanzania and off Mozambique) should be revised in order to determine its taxonomic status.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738775730D56B1FBCAFC93617E.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 D)	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738775730D56B1FBCAFC93617E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. PANGLAO 2004, Philippines, 2 males (CL 13.2 – 13.4 mm), 5 ovigerous female (CL 8.8 – 12.2 mm) (NTOU A 01384), station P 1, 9 ° 36.1 ' N, 123 ° 45.0 ' E, 90 – 200 m, 30 May 2004. — 2 males (CL 8.9 – 13 mm), 3 ovigerous females (CL 9.8 – 12.10 mm) (NTOU A 01385), station T 25, 9 ° 41.1 ' N, 123 ° 49.3 ' E, 160 – 210 m, 24 Jun 2004. — 1 female (CL 10.9 mm) (NTOU A 01386), Balicasag, no specific locality and depth, March 2004. — PANGLAO 2005, Philippines, 8 males (CL 7.9 – 12.4 mm), 7 females (CL 6.0 – 10.5 mm), 14 ovigerous females (CL 8.8 – 12.2 mm) (NTOU A 01387), station CP 2331, 9 ° 39.2 ' N, 123 ° 47.5 ' E, 256 – 263 m, 22 May 2005. — 1 female (CL 6.4 mm), 2 ovigerous female (CL 9.3 – 10.7 mm) (NTOU A 01388), station CP 2332, 9 ° 38.8 ' N, 123 ° 45.9 ' E, 418 – 477 m, 22 May 2005. — 3 males (CL 5.6 – 9.7 mm), 8 females (CL 5.8 – 10.4 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 11.2 mm) (NTOU A 01389), station CP 2340, 9 ° 29.4 ' N, 123 ° 44.4 ' E, 291 – 318 m, 23 May 2005. — 12 males (CL 8.6 – 11.9 mm), 15 females (CL 5.4 – 11.2 mm), 8 ovigerous female (CL 9.7 – 12.6 mm) (NTOU A 01390), station CP 2348, 9 ° 29.6 ' N, 123 ° 52.5 ' E, 164 – 196 m, 24 May 2005. — 2 males (CL 7.9 – 11.5 mm) (NTOU A 01391), station CP 2349, 9 ° 31.6 ' N, 123 ° 55.7 ' E, 229 – 240 m, 24 May 2005. — 2 males (CL 5.9 – 10.8 mm), 1 female (CL 7.1 mm), 2 ovigerous female (CL 10.4 – 13.0 mm) (NTOU A 01392), station CP 2380, 8 ° 41.3 ' N, 123 ° 17.8 ' E, 163 – 271 m, 28 May 2005. — 3 males (CL 10.4 – 11.4 mm), 2 females (CL 10.5 – 10.9 mm), 2 ovigerous female (CL 11.0 – 12.5 mm) (NTOU A 01393), station CP 2381, 8 ° 43.3 ' N, 123 ° 19.0 ' E, 275 – 280 m, 28 May 2005. — 1 female (CL 9.7 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 10.7 mm) (NTOU A 01394), station CP 2383, 8 ° 44.7 ' N, 123 ° 18.5 ' E, 351 – 376 m, 29 May 2005. — 3 males (CL 7.9 – 12.0 mm), 2 ovigerous female (CL 10.3 – 10.5 mm) (NTOU A 01395), station CP 2395, 9 ° 36.2 ' N, 123 ° 43.8 ' E, 434 – 532 m, 31 May 2005. — 1 male (CL 9.5 mm), 2 females (CL 8.1 – 8.7 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 11.3 mm) (NTOU A 01396), station CP 2406, 9 ° 40.6 ' N, 123 ° 46.8 ' E, 379 - 389 m, 1 June 2005. — 10 males (CL 7.8 – 12.5 mm), 8 females (CL 6.7 – 10.7 mm), 5 ovigerous female (CL 9.4 – 11.0 mm) (NTOU A 01397), station CP 2407, 9 ° 41.3 ' N, 123 ° 48.5 ' E, 204 – 256 m, 1 June 2005. — AURORA 2007, Philippines, 1 ovigerous female (CL 11.0 mm) (NTOU A 01398), station CP 2656, 16 ° 02 ' N, 121 ° 53 ' E, 262 – 278 m, 20 May 2007. — 3 males (CL 5.9 – 7.2 mm), 1 female (CL 7.1 mm), 2 ovigerous female (CL 6.9 – 7.6 mm) (NTOU A 01399), station CP 2662, 15 ° 47 ' N, 121 ° 44 ' E, 253 m, 21 May 2007. — 1 male (CL 6.1 mm), 1 female (CL 5.8 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 5.2 mm) (NTOU A 01400), station CP 2666, 15 ° 57 ′ N, 121 ° 44 ' E, 198 – 199 m, 21 May 2007 — 1 female (CL 6.3 mm) (NTOU A 01401), station CP 2667, 15 ° 56 ' N, 121 ° 47 ' E, 292 – 307 m, 21 May 2007. — 1 female (CL 7.6 mm) (NTOU A 01402), station CP 2710, 15 ° 15 ' N, 121 ° 33 ' E, 207 – 216 m, 28 May 2007. — 1 male (CL 6.0 mm) (NTOU A 01403), station CP 2711, 15 ° 19 ' N, 121 ° 32 ' E, 184 - 200 m, 28 May 2007. — 2 males (CL 9.3 – 9.7 mm) (NTOU A 01418), station CP 2718, 14 ° 27 ' N, 121 ° 47 ' E, 216 – 220 m, 29 May 2007. — 2 males (CL 9.3 – 9.5 mm), 1 ovigerous female (CL 8.7 mm) (NTOU A 01404), station CP 2720, 14 ° 26 ' N, 121 ° 47 ' E, 300 – 301 m, 29 May 2007. — 1 ovigerous female (CL 8.9 mm) (NTOU A 01405), station CP 2737, 16 ° 02 ' N, 121 ° 33 ' E, 269 – 272 m, 01 June 2007. — 1 male (CL 5.9 mm), 1 female (CL 5.8 mm) (NTOU A 01406), station CP 2741, 16 ° 03 ' N, 121 ° 55 ' E, 194 – 203 m, 1 June 2007. — 1 female (CL 6.6 mm) (NTOU A 01407), station CP 2746, 15 ° 59 ' N, 121 ° 46 ' E, 182 – 220 m, 2 June 2007. — 1 female (CL 9.9 mm) (NTOU A 01408), station CP 2749, 15 ° 56 ' N, 121 ° 49 ' E, 473 m, 2 June 2007. Colour. Body generally pinkish orange and covered with numerous minute reddish orange dots. Walking legs, abdominal somites 5 – 6 and tail fan pale colourated. Pereopods alternated with redder bands. Eyes dark brownish.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
03B116738775730D56B1FBCAFC93617E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Philippines and Indonesia, between 90 and 532 m.	en	Cabezas, Patricia, Chan, Tin-Yam (2014): Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from the Philippines Panglao 2004, Panglao 2005 and Aurora 2007 expeditions, with the description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 302-316, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502233
