taxonID	type	description	language	source
D97187BB0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FA1DE47C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species by original designation: Ngirhaphium murphyi Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FA1DE47C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized species with a metallic green or blue ground-colour. Antenna very long in males, a little shorter in females. Arista apical, basal aristal segment long; length apical aristal segment specific. Rostrum in male small with well-developed labellae. Rostrum very large in female. Face wide, clypeus only a narrow strap in male; very long in females, pointed. Vertex excavated (cf. Sciapodinae) and ocellar tubercle much raised above frons. The ocellar bristles are very long and with a thick socket on ocellar triangle.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FA1DE47C.taxon	description	Thorax with biserial acr; dc multiseriate in front of suture, further uniserseriate ending in 2 long prescutellars. A pair of long scutellars. A group of short upper propleurals and 2 longer lower propleurals. Fore legs much shorter than mid and hind legs. No exterior bristle on mid and hind coxae. Hind coxae bare. Femora without conspicuous bristling. All tibiae with strong bristles. Fore leg in male with tarsomere 4 with an asymmetrical apical dorsal protuberance (absent in female); terminal segment with a pair of normal claws and a thickened claw-like structure beneath the posterior claw. Female with the claws as usual, but the terminal segment bears a long dorsal protuberance. Mid and hind legs with tarsal segments 1 – 4 with an apical comb of short spinules. Wing with tip of vein M 1 + 2 sharply bent upward just before reaching the wing border and ending near tip of vein R 4 + 5.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3EFFB2FF70FAF8FA1DE47C.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. The genus resembles Rhaphium, especially the species R. longicorne (Fallén). Both genera have short fore tarsi. Rhaphium has the fore tarsomeres 4 and 5 normally shaped, has no apical comb of spinules on the tarsal segments 1 – 4 of the mid and hind legs. Vein M 1 + 2 can converge a little to R 4 + 5 in Rhaphium, but in Ngirhaphium the vein M 1 + 2 bends up sharply before the tip of the wing and eventually ends close to R 4 + 5 in the wing tip.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3EFFB7FC81FA6CFE5DE7DF.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 3, 4, 5, 18)	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3EFFB7FC81FA6CFE5DE7DF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, 7 males, 4 females paratypes from Singapore: Kranji mangrove, 16 October 1984, on vegetation, D. H. Murphy (in ZRC, 1 male, 1 female in RBINS); 1 female, Mandai mangrove, 17 October 1978, D. H. Murphy (ZRC); 3 females, Lim Chu Kang mangrove, mud flats at low tide, perching on shoots and roots of mangrove trees, 13 October 2000, N. L. Evenhuis (BPBM). New records MIP. Pulau Ubin: 1 female, PU 2, 23 June 2012, (reg. 29307, Ma 1681). Semakau: 1 male, SMN 2, 13 December 2012, (reg. 29626, Ma 2292). Sungei Buloh: 2 males, SB 1, 14 November 2012, (reg. 29569, Ma 2250); 2 males, SB 1, 18 November 2012, (reg. 29595, Ma 2262); 1 male, SB 1, 27 March 2013, (reg. 29820, Ma 3807); 3 males, SB 2, 14 November 2012, (reg. 29570, Ma 2254). Other records. Sungei Buloh: 1 male, 1 female, 22 April 2005, (reg. 25078, Si 758, coll. P. G.); 1 female, 11 May. 2005, (reg. 25159, Si 805; coll. P. G.); 1 male, 16 September 2005, (reg. 25355, Si 1168; coll. P. G.); 1 male, 28 September 2005, (reg. 25431, Si 1167; coll. P. G.); 1 female, 28 October 2005, (reg. 25407, Si 1169; coll. P. G.).	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3EFFB7FC81FA6CFE5DE7DF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized species, generally with clear wing. Mesonotum and tergites shining metallic green. Apical aristal segment nearly half as long as basal aristal segment. Male with cerci longer than surstyli and thus the tip is visible outside the surstyli. Re-description. Male: Body length: 5.7 – 6.7 mm.; wing length: 5.3 – 6 mm. Head: Frons shining metallic green, sunken between the eyes, wide in front becoming even wider behind; ocellar callus small, globular and raised above the frons. Face wide, as wide as front of frons, parallel-sided, silvery grey dusted with a very narrow clypeus (hardly a tenth of the length of the face). Eyes pass beyond the border of the face; eyes densely set with silvery hairs. Palpus strap-shaped, brownish at base, yellowish at tip and bearing long, black hairs. Rostrum in male very small in comparison to the huge female rostrum; brown with long black hairs. Postcranium dark metallic green, with a fine greyish dusting. Two long diverging ocellars; 2 slightly shorter, converging verticals; A pair of strong postverticals well separated from the postoculars. Upper postoculars strong, uniseriate, black; lower postoculars white, becoming longer below and multiseriate. Antenna: Antenna very long, completely black (Fig. 1). First segment (scape) long, bare; second segment (pedicel) narrow, apically densely set with bristles. Third segment (postpedicel) very long strap-shaped, laterally flattened, but with a narrow dorsal flat area (so somewhat triangular in cross-section). Arista apical with a long basal segment, apical segment about half as long as basal. Ratio of first, second, third segment, and basal and apical aristal segments: 0.37: 0.07: 1.1: 0.3: 0.15 (mm). Thorax: Thorax and scutellum with a shining dark metallic green ground-colour, covered with a fine grey dusting. A shining stripe on each acr-row. Pleura grey dusted. All hairs and bristles black. Acr biseriate, the rows more widely separated in front, while closer together behind. Presutural dc multiseriate; 6 post-sutural dc: 4 short and 2 long prescutellars. A pair of strong scutellars. A long humeral with a shorter bristle in front; a very strong posthumeral, 2 strong notopleurals, 1 postsutural, 1 supraalar, 1 postalar. 4 short upper and 2 very long black lower propleural bristles. Legs (Fig. 1): yellow, all bristles black. All coxae greenish black in ground-colour, covered with a fine greyish dusting. Tip of mid and hind tibiae annulated black at tip. Tip of all tarsal segments a little browned and terminal segments completely black. Fore leg: Shorter than mid and hind leg. Fore femur a little swollen in basal half; a row of fine pv in apical half; a row of short ventral bristles, distinct only in apical half. Fore tibia with 4 strong ad and 4 strong pd. All tarsal segments densely set with long hairs. Fourth tarsal segment with a dorsal, asymmetrical forked protrusion, extending over the terminal segment (outer branch of the fork pointed; 1 / 3 length of inner fork). Terminal segment with a pair of long normal claws and a thicker third claw-like structure beneath the posterior claw. 2 well developed pulvilli and an empodium. Segments 1 – 4 ventrally at tip with a pair of long hairs. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 1.85: 1.03: 0.37: 0.29: 0.22: 0.15. Mid leg: Coxa with short bristles anteriorly; no exterior bristle. Mid femur a little stronger than fore femur; ventrally with inconspicuous bristles; a strong anterior preapical. Tibia with a 5 pd, 4 d and 5 longer pd and a crown of long apicals. Segments 1 – 4 ventrally at tip with a pair of short spinules as well as a comb of black bristles. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (in mm): 2.9: 1.6: 0.74: 0.60: 0.4: 0.3. Hind leg: Coxa bare. Hind femur stronger than mid femur, as wide as fore femur; ventrally with inconspicuous bristles; a strong anterior preapical. Tibia with 5 long av, 4 ad, 5 pd and crown of long apicals. Segments 1 – 4 ventrally at tip with a pair short spinules as well as a comb of black bristles. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 4.01: 1.6: 0.9: 0.7: 0.4: 0.37. Wings: hyaline (Fig. 3), anteriorly between costa and R 2 + 3 with a yellowish tinge. Veins dark brown. M 1 + 2 sharply bent upwards and ending in costa closely near tip of R 4 + 5. Tp straight, about as long as apical part of M 3 + 4. Anal vein well developed. Halter pale yellow. Squama yellowish, with yellow cilia. Abdomen: 5 externally visible segments; shining dark metallic reddish-green; tips and sides of terga with a silvery dusting. Tergites densely set with quite long, black bristles; hind-marginal bristles hardly longer than the other bristles. Hypopygium (Figs. 2, 4, 5) sessile with long strap-shaped cerci. Apex of cerci hidden underneath sternite 4. Cercus yellowish brown with long yellowish bristles. Cercus longer than dorsal surstylus. Apex of cercus slender with a pair of long bristles (Fig. 4). Dorsal surstylus rectangular, not fused with ventral surstylus. Apex of dorsal surstylus densely set with long yellowish hairs. Apex of ventral surstylus on inside with short hairs. Hypandrium dorsally with a large black protuberance. Female: Body length: 7 – 7.3 mm; wing length: 6.9 – 7.1 mm. Antennae: Slightly shorter than in male. Ratio of first, second, third segment, and basal and apical aristal segments (mm): 0.29: 0.07: 0.7: 0.3: 0.22. Clypeus very large, protruding over rostrum; tip pointed. Rostrum huge (Fig. 18): in side view nearly as long as an eye. Palpus long, strap-shaped, completely brownish black. Legs: Shape and bristling of legs similar to that of male except otherwise mentioned. Fore leg: Fore tibia with a crown of very long apical bristles. Fourth segment as usual, without protuberance as in male. Terminal tarsal segment with a dorsal protuberance and with the usual claws and pulvilli. Ratio of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 1.85: 1.2: 0.37: 0.3: 0.26: 0.26. Mid leg: ratio of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 2.9: 1.6: 0.7: 0.52: 0.37: 0.29. Hind leg: ratio of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 4.2: 1.7: 0.7: 0.67: 0.37: 0.37.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3BFFBBFF3FF90FFBBFE2C9.taxon	description	(Figs. 6 – 8, 9, 10, 17)	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3BFFBBFF3FF90FFBBFE2C9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, Singapore, Semakau Island (type locality), SMN 3, Malaise trap in mangrove, 27 September 2012 (reg. 29483, coll. J. Puniamoorthy & P. Grootaert; Ma 1306 in coll. ZRC). Paratypes: Singapore: Pulau Ubin: 2 females, PU 2, 20 April 2012, (reg. 29189, Ma 0616); 1 male, PU 2, 20 May 2012, (reg. 29242, Ma 0648); 1 female, PU 2, 16 June 2012, (reg. 29294, Ma 1660); 1 female, PU 2, 23 June 2012, (reg. 29307, Ma 1682); 1 female, PU 2, 30 June 2012, (reg. 29320, Ma 1701); 1 male, 1 female, PU 2, 14 July 2012, (reg. 29346, Ma 1749); 1 female, PU 2, 21 July 2012, (reg. 29359, Ma 1759); 2 females, PU 2, 28 July 2012, (reg. 29372, Ma 1770); 1 female, PU 2, 18 August 2012, (reg. 29411, Ma 1881); 1 female, PU 2, 25 August 2012, (reg. 29424, Ma 1892); 1 male, PU 2, 1 September 2012, (reg. 29437, Ma 1782); 1 female, PU 2, 22 September 2012, (reg. 29476, Ma 1794); 1 male, PU 2, 13 October 2012, (reg. 29515, Ma 3179); 2 females, PU 2, 23 February 2013, (reg. 29762, Ma 3265); 2 females, PU 2, 23 February 2013, (reg. 29762, Ma 3864); 1 female, PU 3, 7 April 2012, (reg. 29165, Ma 1931); 1 male, 1 female, PU 3, 21 July 2012, (reg. 29360, Ma 1849); 1 female, PU 4, 16 March 2013, (reg. 29805, Ma 3872); Semakau: 1 male, SMN 1, 3 April 2012, (reg. 29159, Ma 0095); 3 males, 3 females, SMN 1, 12 April 2012, (reg. 29166, Ma 0262); 3 males, 1 female, SMN 1, 19 April 2012, (reg. 29183, Ma 0318); 1 male, SMN 1, 26 April 2012, (reg. 29196, Ma 0294); 5 females, SMN 1, 3 May 2012, (reg. 29209, Ma 0279); 2 males, 1 female, SMN 1, 3 May 2012, (reg. 29222, Ma 0288); 1 male, SMN 1, 17 May 2012, (reg. 29235, Ma 0299); 2 males, SMN 1, 24 May 2012, (reg. 29248, Ma 0304); 1 female, SMN 1, 5 July 2012, (reg. 29326, Ma 1082); 2 males, SMN 1, 19 July 2012, (reg. 29352, Ma 1091); 1 female, SMN 1, 10 August 2012, (reg. 29391, Ma 1242); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 1, 6 September 2012, (reg. 29443, Ma 1401); 1 female, SMN 1, 13 September 2012, (reg. 29456, Ma 1410); 1 male, 2 females, SMN 1, 27 September 2012, (reg. 29482, Ma 1415); 2 males, 2 females, SMN 1, 18 October 2012, (reg. 29521, Ma 2099); 4 males, 8 females, SMN 1, 25 October 2012, (reg. 29534, Ma 2123); 3 males, 3 females, SMN 1, 1 November 2012, (reg. 29547, Ma 2271); 4 males, 3 females, SMN 1, 8 November 2012, (reg. 29560, Ma 2264); 6 males, 11 female, SMN 1, 15 November 2012, (reg. 29573, Ma 2277); 3 males, 3 females, SMN 1, 29 November 2012, (reg. 29599, Ma 2257); 2 males, 7 females, SMN 1, 6 December 2012, (reg. 29612, Ma 2290); 5 males, 3 females, SMN 1, 13 December 2012, (reg. 29625, Ma 2286); 6 males, 9 females, SMN 1, 27 December 2012, (reg. 29651, Ma 2289); 8 males, 24 females, SMN 1, 10 January 2013, (reg. 29677, Ma 2303); 3 males, 4 females, SMN 1, 17 January 2013, (reg. 29690, Ma 2301); 12 males, 17 females, SMN 1, 24 January 2013, (reg. 29703, Ma 3273); 13 males, 19 females, SMN 1, 7 February 2013, (reg. 29729, Ma 3277); 1 male, SMN 1, 7 February 2013, (reg. 29729, Ma 3913); 4 males, 8 females, SMN 1, 14 February 2013, (reg. 29742, Ma 3286); 14 males, 19 females, SMN 1, 21 February 2013, (reg. 29755, Ma 3247); 22 males, 13 females, SMN 1, 28 February 2013, (reg. 29768, Ma 3210); 4 males, 16 females, SMN 1, 7 March 2013, (reg. 29782, Ma 3414); 8 males, 12 females, SMN 1, 14 March 2013, (reg. 29796, Ma 3289); 1 female, SMN 1, 14 March 2013, (reg. 29796, Ma 3433); 11 male, 9 females, SMN 1, 21 March 2013, (reg. 29810, Ma 3878); 12 males, 18 females, SMN 1, 28 March 2013, (reg. 29824, Ma 3298); 3 females, SMN 2, 12 April 2012, (reg. 29167, Ma 0325); 1 male, 2 females, SMN 2, 19 April 2012, (reg. 29184, Ma 0336); 2 females, SMN 2, 03 May. 2012, (reg. 29210, Ma 0357); 2 females, SMN 2, 10 May 2012, (reg. 29223, Ma 0369); 2 females, SMN 2, 30 May 2012, (reg. 29262, Ma 0392); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 2, 7 June 2012, (reg. 29275, Ma 1021); 1 male, SMN 2, 14 June 2012, (reg. 29288, Ma 1033); 1 female, SMN 2, 5 July 2012, (reg. 29327, Ma 1103); SMN 2, 16 August 2012, (reg. 29405, Ma 1259); 1 male, 3 females, SMN 2, 23 August 2012, (reg. 29418, Ma 1268); 2 males, 2 females, SMN 2, 30 August 2012, (reg. 29431, Ma 1279); 2 males, 2 females, SMN 2, 6 September 2012, (reg. 29444, Ma 1420); 2 males, 3 females, SMN 2, 13 September 2012, (reg. 29457, Ma 1293); 3 males, 3 females, SMN 2, 20 September 2012, (reg. 29470, Ma 1319); 3 males, 3 females, SMN 2, 27 September 2012, (reg. 29489, Ma 1306); 4 males, 4 females, SMN 2, 4 October 2012, (reg. 29496, Ma 2628); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 2, 18 October 2012, (reg. 29522, Ma 2641); 1 male, SMN 2, 25 October 2012, (reg. 29535, Ma 2649); 1 male, SMN 2, 15 November 2012, (reg. 29574, Ma 2249); 2 females, SMN 2, 22 November 2012, (reg. 29587, Ma 2267); 1 male, SMN 2, 29 November 2012, (reg. 29600, Ma 2260); 3 males, SMN 2, 3 January 2013, (reg. 29665, Ma 2299); 6 males, 2 females, SMN 2, 10 January 2013, (reg. 29678, Ma 2297); 1 male, SMN 2, 14 February 2013, (reg. 29743, Ma 3480); 1 male, 3 females, SMN 2, 21 February 2013, (reg. 29756, Ma 3254); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 2, 28 February 2013, (reg. 29769, Ma 3215); 1 male, 2 females, SMN 2, 28 March 2013, (reg. 29825, Ma 3509); 1 male, SMN 3, 12 April 2012, (reg. 29168, Ma 0180); 3 males, 1 female, SMN 3, 19 April 2012, (reg. 29185, Ma 0126); 1 male, 5 females, SMN 3, 26 April 2012, (reg. 29198, Ma 0159); 2 males, 1 female, SMN 3, 3 May 2012, (reg. 29211, Ma 0103); 1 male, 4 females, SMN 3, 10 May 2012, (reg. 29224, Ma 0143); 1 male, 4 females, SMN 3, 17 May 2012, (reg. 29237, Ma 0201); 2 males, SMN 3, 24 May 2012, (reg. 29250, Ma 0218); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 3, 31 May 2012, (reg. 29263, Ma 0238); 4 females, SMN 3, 7 June 2012, (reg. 29276, Ma 0252); 2 females, SMN 3, 14 June 2012, (reg. 29289, Ma 1054); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 3, 21 June 2012, (reg. 29302, Ma 1066); 1 female, SMN 3, 28 June 2012, (reg. 29315, Ma 1074); 1 male, SMN 3, 5 July 2012, (reg. 29328, Ma 1110); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 3, 12 July 2012, (reg. 29341, Ma 1115); 1 male, 2 females, SMN 3, 26 July 2012, (reg. 29367, Ma 1128); 1 female, SMN 3, 2 August 2012, (reg. 29380, Ma 1328); 2 males, 1 female, SMN 3, 10 August 2012, (reg. 29393, Ma 1332); 1 female, SMN 3, 16 August 2012, (reg. 29406, Ma 1338); 1 female, SMN 3, 23 August 2012, (reg. 29419, Ma 1343); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 3, 13 September 2012, (reg. 29458, Ma 1361); 2 males, 1 female, SMN 3, 20 September 2012, (reg. 29971, Ma 1374); 2 males, 2 females, SMN 3, 27 September 2012, (reg. 29484, Ma 1386); 1 male, SMN 3, 4 October 2012, (reg. 29497, Ma 2693); 4 females, SMN 3, 18 October 2012, (reg. 29523, Ma 2709); 2 females, SMN 3, 8 November 2012, (reg. 29562, Ma 2268); 1 male, SMN 3, 15 November 2012, (reg. 29575, Ma 2251); 4 females, SMN 3, 22 November 2012, (reg. 29588, Ma 2274); 2 females, SMN 3, 29 November 2012, (reg. 29601, Ma 2263); 2 females, SMN 3, 6 December 2012, (reg. 29614, Ma 2293); 3 females, SMN 3, 13 December 2012, (reg. 29627, Ma 2295); 2 males, 4 females, SMN 3, 20 December 2012, (reg. 29640, Ma 2294); 2 females, SMN 3, 27 December 2012, (reg. 29653, Ma 2296); 2 males, 3 females, SMN 3, 3 January 2013, (reg. 29666, Ma 2298); 4 males, 5 females, SMN 3, 10 January 2013, (reg. 29679, Ma 2310); 3 males, 8 females, SMN 3, 17 January 2013, (reg. 29692, Ma 2312); 6 males, 3 females, SMN 3, 24 January 2013, (reg. 29705, Ma 2308); 1 female, SMN 3, 31 January 2013, (reg. 29721, Ma 2314); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 3, 31 January 2013, (reg. 29718, Ma 2400); 3 males, 6 females, SMN 3, 7 February 2013, (reg. 29731, Ma 3532); 5 males, 7 females, SMN 3, 14 February 2013, (reg. 29744, Ma 3544); 3 males, 5 females, SMN 3, 21 February 2013, (reg. 29752, Ma 2309); 4 males, 7 females, SMN 3, 28 February 2013, (reg. 29770, Ma 3218); 4 males, 7 females, SMN 3, 28 February 2013, (reg. 29770, Ma 3546); 2 males, 4 females, SMN 3, 7 March 2013, (reg. 29784, Ma 3557); 5 males, 6 females, SMN 3, 14 March 2013, (reg. 29798, Ma 3574); 3 males, 6 females, SMN 3, 21 March 2013, (reg. 29812, Ma 3586); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 3, 28 March 2013, (reg. 29826, Ma 3596); 4 males, 2 females, SMO 1, 3 April 2012, (reg. 29161, Ma 0017); 5 males, 4 females, SMO 1, 12 April 2012, (reg. 29169, Ma 0403); 1 male, 1 female, SMO 1, 12 April 2012, (reg. 29199, Ma 0412); 3 males, 3 females, SMO 1, 19 April 2012, (reg. 29186, Ma 0420); 2 males, 1 female, SMO 1, 3 May 2012, (reg. 29212, Ma 0421); 1 female, SMO 1, 10 May 2012, (reg. 29225, Ma 0427); 2 males, SMO 1, 24 May 2012, (reg. 29251, Ma 0429); 3 males, SMO 1, 31 May 2012, (reg. 29264, Ma 0432); 1 male, 1 female, SMO 1, 7 June 2012, (reg. 29277, Ma 1131); 1 male, 1 female, SMO 1, 14 June 2012, (reg. 29290, Ma 1133); 2 females, SMO 1, 21 June 2012, (reg. 29303, Ma 1135); 8 males, 4 females, SMO 1, 12 July 2012, (reg. 29342, Ma 1139); 8 males, 4 females, SMO 1, 19 July 2012, (reg. 29355, Ma 1148); 8 males, 7 females, SMO 1, 26 July 2012, (reg. 29358, Ma 1157); 6 males, 1 female, SMO 1, 2 August 2012, (reg. 29381, Ma 1204); 12 males, 4 females, SMO 1, 10 August 2012, (reg. 29394, Ma 1215); 14 females, SMO 1, 16 August 2012, (reg. 29407, Ma 1217); 5 males, 5 females, SMO 1, 23 August 2012, (reg. 29420, Ma 1223); 6 males, 4 females, SMO 1, 30 August 2012, (reg. 29433, Ma 1227); 1 male, 1 female, SMO 1, 6 September 2012, (reg. 29446, Ma 1439); 8 males, 5 females, SMO 1, 13 September 2012, (reg. 29459, Ma 1446); 5 males, 2 females, SMO 1, 20 September 2012, (reg. 29472, Ma 1450); 8 males, 2 females, SMO 1, 27 September 2012, (reg. 29485, Ma 1456); 2 males, 3 females, SMO 1, 4 October 2012, (reg. 29498, Ma 2804); 8 males, 5 females, SMO 1, 11 October 2012, (reg. 29511, Ma 2792); 2 males, SMO 1, 18 October 2012, (reg. 29524, Ma 2820); 3 males, 1 female, SMO 1, 25 October 2012, (reg. 29537, Ma 2801); 1 female, SMO 1, 1 November 2012, (reg. 29550, Ma 2757); 2 males, 1 female, SMO 1, 8 November 2012, (reg. 29563, Ma 2248); 1 male, SMO 1, 15 November 2012, (reg. 29576, Ma 2266); 1 male, SMO 1, 22 November 2012, (reg. 29589, Ma 2270); 2 males, SMO 1, 29 November 2012, (reg. 29602, Ma 2261); 5 females, SMO 1, 6 December 2012, (reg. 29615, Ma 2284); 1 male, 1 female, SMO 1, 13 December 2012, (reg. 29628, Ma 2285); 1 female, SMO 1, 10 January 2013, (reg. 29680, Ma 2305); 1 female, SMO 1, 14 February 2013, (reg. 29745, Ma 3608); 1 male, SMO 1, 7 March 2013, (reg. 29785, Ma 3609); 11 male, 16 females, SMO 1, 14 March 2013, (reg. 29799, Ma 3610); 3 males, 4 females, SMO 1, 21 March 2013, (reg. 29813, Ma 3624); 3 males, 2 females, SMO 1, 28 March 2013, (reg. 29827, Ma 3635); 1 female, SMO 2, 2 August 2012, (reg. 29382, Ma 1232); 1 female, SMO 2, 20 December 2012, (reg. 29642, Ma 2283); 1 male, SMO 3, 3 May 2012, (reg. 29214, Ma 0470); 3 males, 2 females, SMO 3, 27 September 2012, (reg. 29487, Ma 1459); 7 males, 15 females, SMO 3, 4 October 2012, (reg. 29500, Ma 2826); 4 males, 6 females, SMO 3, 11 October 2012, (reg. 29513, Ma 2842); 2 males, 13 females, SMO 3, 18 October 2012, (reg. 29526, Ma 2853); 3 males, 5 females, SMO 3, 25 October 2012, (reg. 29539, Ma 2864); 3 males, 7 females, SMO 3, 1 November 2012, (reg. 29552, Ma 2259); 4 females, SMO 3, 8 November 2012, (reg. 29565, Ma 2252); 5 males, 12 females, SMO 3, 15 November 2012, (reg. 29578, Ma 2278); 1 male, 1 female, SMO 3, 22 November 2012, (reg. 29591, Ma 2255); 2 males, 4 females, SMO 3, 29 November 2012, (reg. 29604, Ma 2276); 1 male, 2 females, SMO 3, 6 December 2012, (reg. 29617, Ma 2281); 1 male, SMO 3, 13 December 2012, (reg. 29630, Ma 2282); 1 male, 1 female, SMO 3, 20 December 2012, (reg. 29643, Ma 2279); 1 male, 3 females, SMO 3, 27 December 2012, (reg. 29656, Ma 2280); 1 male, SMO 3, 10 January 2013, (reg. 29682, Ma 2306); 1 female, SMO 3, 17 January 2013, (reg. 29695, Ma 2307); 1 male, 5 females, SMO 3, 24 January 2013, (reg. 29708, Ma 2423); 3 males, 4 females, SMO 3, 7 March 2013, (reg. 29787, Ma 3658); 1 female, SMO 3, 14 March 2013, (reg. 29801, Ma 3678); 2 males, 1 female, SMO 3, 21 March 2013, (reg. 29815, Ma 3696); 2 females, SMO 3, 28 March 2013, (reg. 29829, Ma 3718); Sungei Buloh: 1 female, SB 1, 4 April 2012, (reg. 29155, Ma 0775); 1 female, SB 1, 1 August 2012, (reg. 29374, Ma 1925); 1 female, SB 1, 24 October 2012, (reg. 29530, Ma 2445); 1 male, 1 female, SB 1, 13 March 2013, (reg. 29792, Ma 3755); 1 male, SB 1, 27 March 2013, (reg. 29820, Ma 3806); 1 female, SB 2, 12 September 2012, (reg. 29453, Ma 1922). Other records (non-MIP). Sungei Buloh: 2 females, 11 May 2005, (reg. 25160, Si 861; coll. P. G.); 1 female, 18 May 2005, (reg. 25161, Si 1222; coll. P. G.); 1 female, 28 October 2005, (reg. 25406, Si 1218; coll. P. G.); 1 female, 9 November 2005, (reg. 25418, Si 1170; coll. P. G.); 1 male, 23 December 2005, (reg. 25471, Si 1561; coll. P. G.); Pulau Ubin, Chek Jawa: 1 male, 11 October 2005, (reg. 25380, Si 1087; coll. P. G.); 1 male, 26 October 2005, (reg. 25399, Si 1130; coll. P. G.); 1 male, 30 December 2005, (reg. 25475, Si 1442; coll. P. G.).	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3BFFBBFF3FF90FFBBFE2C9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized species generally with dark infuscate wing with longitudinal veins and Tp brownish seamed. Mesonotum and tergites shining metallic green. Apical aristal segment shorter, but nearly as long as basal segment. Male with dorsal surstylus half as long as cerci, with a rectangular bent.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3BFFBBFF3FF90FFBBFE2C9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to N. Sivasothi from the National University of Singapore, our friendly and dedicated colleague specialised in mangroves and otters.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A3BFFBBFF3FF90FFBBFE2C9.taxon	description	Description. Male: Body length: 5.7 mm; wing length: 5.5 mm. Head: Frons shining metallic green (not dusted), sunken between the eyes, wide in front becoming wider behind; ocellar callus small, raised above frons. Face wide, as wide as front of frons, parallel-sided, silvery dusted with a very narrow clypeus (hardly a tenth of length of face). Eyes pass beyond the border of the face; eyes densely set with silvery hairs. Two very long ocellars, directed backward and diverging. Vertical bristles long, half as long as ocellars, rather anteriad on frons at level of ocellar callus, but close to eye border, long, black, directed forward and tips crossing. A pair of long black postverticals directed backward and crossing. Postoculars strong black in a single row; postcranium greenish in ground-colour but grey dusted, below with long fine yellowish white hairs. Palpus long strap-shaped, yellowish with few short black hairs, no bristles. Rostrum in male very small in comparison to the huge rostrum in female; labella brown with long black hairs. Antenna: Antenna very long, completely black. First segment long, 3 times as long as second segment; second segment short, apically with a crown of short black bristles. Third segment very long strap-shaped, laterally flattened, about 6 times as long as width at base. Arista apical, apical segment a little shorter than basal segment, thickened and gradually tapering towards tip. Ratio scape, pedicel, postpedicel, basal aristal segment, apical aristal segment (mm): 0.36: 0.11: 0.91: 0.35: 0.32. Thorax: Thorax and scutellum with a shining dark metallic green ground-colour, covered with a fine grey dusting. A black stripe outside each acr-row. All hairs and bristles black. Pleura more densely grey dusted than mesonotum. Acr biseriate, about 7 pairs, the rows widening a little behind. Presutural dc multiseriate; 6 post-sutural dc: 4 short and 2 long prescutellars. A pair of strong scutellars. A long humeral with a shorter bristle in front; a very strong posthumeral, 2 strong notopleurals, 1 postsutural, 1 supraalar, 1 very strong postalar. All propleural bristles black, 4 short upper and 2 longer black lower propleural bristles (lower one twice as long as upper). Legs (Fig. 6): Yellow, all bristles black. All coxae greenish black in ground-colour, covered with a fine greyish dusting. All trochanters pale brown. Tip of mid and hind tibiae darkened at tip. All tarsi brownish yellow, becoming darker towards tip. Terminal segments completely black. Fore leg: Shorter than mid and hind leg. Coxa with short black bristles. Fore femur a little swollen in basal half; a row of fine pv in apical half; a row of short ventral bristles, distinct only in apical half. A short preapical posterior pointing downward and a stronger anterior preapical pointing forward. Fore tibia with 4 strong ad, 4 strong pd and a crown of 4 apicals. All tarsal segments densely set with black hairs and short black bristles. Fourth tarsal segment with a dorsal, asymmetrical forked protrusion, extending over the terminal tarsomere; outer branch of fork shorter than inner one, tips truncated. Terminal segment with a pair of long normal claws and a thicker claw-like structure beneath the posterior claw. 2 well developed pulvilli and an empodium. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 1.56: 1.2: 0.36: 0.31: 0.15: 0.13. Mid leg: Coxa with short bristles anteriorly; no exterior bristle. Mid femur as wide as fore femur; ventrally with inconspicuous bristles; a strong anterior preapical and 2 tiny posterior preapicals. Tibia with a 5 ad, 6 pd (might be considered as dorsal) and 5 longer av and a crown of long apicals. Tarsal segments 1 - 4 ventrally at tip with a pair short spinules as well as a comb of shorter black bristles. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 2.6: 1.69: 0.78: 0.52: 0.21: 0.1. Hind leg: Coxa bare. Hind femur stronger than mid femur, as wide as fore femur; ventrally almost bare; a strong anterior preapical, no posterior preapical. Tibia stronger bristled than mid tibia with 6 long av, 7 ad, 7 pd and crown of long apicals. Segments 1 – 4 ventrally at tip with a pair of short spinules as well as a comb of black bristles. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 3.51: 1.45: 0.83: 0.65: 0.4: 0.34. Wing: hyaline, faintly tinged brownish, but anteriorly between costa and R 4 + 5 with a yellowish to brownish tinge. Membrane along veins R 4 + 5, M 1 + 2, M 3 + 4 and Tp sometimes brown to black seamed. Veins dark brown. M 1 + 2 sharply bent upwards and ending in costa closely near tip of R 4 + 5. Tp straight, about as long as apical part of M 3 + 4. Anal vein well developed. Halter with white knob. Squama white with long white cilia. Abdomen: Shining dark metallic green; tips and sides of tergites with a greyish dusting. Sternites greyish dusted. Tergites densely set with quite long, black bristles; hindmarginal bristles a little longer than the other bristles. Only tergite 5 with very long marginal bristles. Sternites with very short hairs except for the longer marginals on sternite 4. Hypopygium sessile with tip of cerci hidden in sternite 4 (note that on Fig. 6 the hypopygium is removed from the sessile position). Cerci much longer than dorsal surstylus. Both cerci fused before apex. Tip of cercus (Fig. 10) much dilated, bordered with long yellow bristles. Tip of dorsal surstylus much enlarged, transverse on cercus, darkened, its border set with long yellowish bristles, longest on dorsal half. Ventral and dorsal surstylus not fused. Hypandrium dorsally with a narrow hook-shaped black protuberance. Female: Body length: 4.5 – 5.1 mm; wing length: 5.7 – 6.4 mm. Antennae: Antennae as long as in male. Ratio of first, second, third segment and basal and apical aristal segments (in mm): 0.42: 0.14: 0.84: 0.32: 0.35. Clypeus very large, nearly as long as upper part of face, protruding over rostrum; tip pointed. Rostrum large: in lateral view about half as long as an eye. Palpus long, strap-shaped, brownish at base, yellowish at tip. Legs: Shape and bristling of legs similar to that of male except otherwise mentioned. Fore leg: Fourth tarsomere as usual, without protuberance like in male. Terminal tarsal segment with a dorsal apical protuberance and with the usual claws and pulvilli. Ratio of tibia and tarsal segments in mm: 1.82: 1.3: 0.52: 0.52: 0.41: 0.26. Mid leg: Ratio of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 3.12: 1.6: 0.7: 0.52: 0.34: 0.39. Hind leg: Ratio of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 4.2: 1.6: 0.9: 0.67: 0.39: 0.34. Abdomen. Tergites 1 – 5 and sternites 1 – 5 sclerotised, shining metallic green. Tergites 6 – 8 membranous (pale greyish) except for basal border. Sternites 6, 7 weakly sclerotised, brownish. Sternite 8 not sclerotised covered with thorn-like hairs. Segment 9 with a complex sclerotisation, densely pale haired. No acanthae present.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A37FFBDFC44FC19FE65E348.taxon	description	(Figs. 11, 12, 13 – 16, 19)	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A37FFBDFC44FC19FE65E348.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, Singapore: Semakau, SMN 2, 27 September 2012 (reg. 29483, Ma 1307). Paratypes: Singapore: Semakau: 3 males, SMN 1, 3 April 2012, (reg. 29159, Ma 0089); 2 males, 1 female, SMN 1, 12 April 2012, (reg. 29166, Ma 0263); 2 males, 1 female, SMN 1, 19 April 2012, (reg. 29183, Ma 0317); 1 female, SMN 1, 3 May 2012, (reg. 29222, Ma 0287); 1 male, SMN 1, 17 May 2012, (reg. 29235, Ma 0298); 1 male, SMN 1, 28 June 2012, (reg. 29313, Ma 1016); 1 male, SMN 1, 12 July 2012, (reg. 29339, Ma 1087); 2 females, SMN 1, 26 July 2012, (reg. 29365, Ma 1096); 1 males, 1 female, SMN 1, 6 September 2012, (reg. 29443, Ma 1402); 1 male, SMN 1, 13 September 2012, (reg. 29456, Ma 1411); 1 female, SMN 1, 27 September 2012, (reg. 29482, Ma 1416); 1 female, SMN 1, 4 October 2012, (reg. 29495, Ma 2097); 1 male, SMN 1, 18 October 2012, (reg. 29521, Ma 2100); 5 males, 1 female, SMN 1, 25 October 2012, (reg. 29534, Ma 2122); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 1, 1 November 2012, (reg. 29547, Ma 2272); 3 males, SMN 1, 8 November 2012, (reg. 29560, Ma 2265); 2 males, 1 female, SMN 1, 29 November 2012, (reg. 29599, Ma 2258); 1 female, SMN 1, 6 December 2012, (reg. 29612, Ma 2291); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 1, 13 December 2012, (reg. 29625, Ma 2287); 1 male, 1 female, SMN 1, 27 December 2012, (reg. 29651, Ma 2288); 4 males, 3 females, SMN 1, 10 January 2013, (reg. 29677, Ma 2304); 2 females, SMN 1, 17 January 2013, (reg. 29690, Ma 2302); 1 female, SMN 1, 24 January 2013, (reg. 29703, Ma 3274); 1 male, 6 females, SMN 1, 7 February 2013, (reg. 29729, Ma 3278); 1 male, 2 females, SMN 1, 14 February 2013, (reg. 29742, Ma 3287); 2 males, 2 females, SMN 1, 21 February 2013, (reg. 29755, Ma 3246); 1 female, SMN 1, 28 February 2013, (reg. 29768, Ma 3393); 2 males, SMN 1, 7 March 2013, (reg. 29782, Ma 3413); 2 males, SMN 1, 14 March 2013, (reg. 29796, Ma 3290); 1 male, SMN 1, 21 March 2013, (reg. 29810, Ma 3879); 1 male, SMN 2, 12 April 2012, (reg. 29167, Ma 0324); 1 female, SMN 2, 30 May 2012, (reg. 29262, Ma 0393); 1 male, SMN 2, 23 August 2012, (reg. 29418, Ma 1267); 1 male, 3 females, SMN 2, 30 August 2012, (reg. 29431, Ma 1280); 2 males, 2 females, SMN 2, 6 September 2012, (reg. 29444, Ma 1421); 2 males, SMN 2, 27 September 2012, (reg. 29489, Ma 1307); 2 males, SMN 2, 25 October 2012, (reg. 29535, Ma 2650); 1 female, SMN 2, 3 January 2013, (reg. 29665, Ma 2300); 1 male, SMN 2, 14 February 2013, (reg. 29743, Ma 3481); 1 female, SMN 2, 28 February 2013, (reg. 29769, Ma 3216); 1 male, SMN 3, 12 April 2012, (reg. 29168, Ma 0179); 2 males, SMN 3, 26 April 2012, (reg. 29198, Ma 0158); 2 males, SMN 3, 3 May 2012, (reg. 29211, Ma 0104); 1 male, SMN 3, 10 May 2012, (reg. 29224, Ma 0142); 1 female, SMN 3, 24 May 2012, (reg. 29250, Ma 0219); 2 males, 1 female, SMN 3, 13 September 2012, (reg. 29458, Ma 1360); 1 male, SMN 3, 4 October 2012, (reg. 29497, Ma 2694); 1 female, SMN 3, 18 October 2012, (reg. 29523, Ma 2708); 1 female, SMN 3, 8 November 2012, (reg. 29562, Ma 2269); 1 male, SMN 3, 22 November 2012, (reg. 29588, Ma 2273); 1 female, SMN 3, 10 January 2013, (reg. 29679, Ma 2311); 1 female, SMN 3, 17 January 2013, (reg. 29692, Ma 2313); 1 male, SMN 3, 14 February 2013, (reg. 29744, Ma 3545); 1 male, SMN 3, 21 March 2013, (reg. 29812, Ma 3587); 1 female, SMO 1, 12 July 2012, (reg. 29342, Ma 1140); 1 male, 1 female, SMO 1, 10 August 2012, (reg. 29394, Ma 1216); 1 male, SMO 1, 11 October 2012, (reg. 29511, Ma 2793); 1 female, SMO 3, 27 September 2012, (reg. 29487, Ma 1460); 1 male, SMO 3, 18 October 2012, (reg. 29526, Ma 2854); 1 female, SMO 3, 22 November 2012, (reg. 29591, Ma 2256); 1 female, SMO 3, 29 November 2012, (reg. 29604, Ma 2275); 1 female, SMO 3, 14 March 2013, (reg. 29801, Ma 3679); 1 male, 1 female, SMO 3, 21 March 2013, (reg. 29815, Ma 3695).	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A37FFBDFC44FC19FE65E348.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A larger species with mesonotum and tergites shining metallic blue. Apical aristal segment thin (filiform) and longer than basal aristal segment. Male with dorsal and ventral surstylus at right side fused; separated at left side. Cerci long, but shorter than surstyli so that they are concealed between the surstyli.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A37FFBDFC44FC19FE65E348.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name caeruleum (adjective) means blue in Latin and it refers to the dark blue metallic ground-colour of thorax and abdomen.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
D97187BB0A37FFBDFC44FC19FE65E348.taxon	description	Description. Male: Body length: 7 mm; wing length: 5.6 mm (holotype). Head: Frons shining dark metallic blue (not dusted), sunken between the eyes, wide in front becoming wider behind; ocellar callus small, raised above frons. Face wide, as wide as front of frons, parallel-sided, silvery dusted with a very narrow clypeus (hardly a tenth of length of face). Eyes pass beyond the border of the face; eyes densely set with silvery hairs. Two very long ocellars, directed backward and diverging. Vertical bristles long, half as long as ocellars, rather anteriad on frons at level of ocellar callus, but close to eye border, long, black, directed forward and tips crossing. A pair of long black postverticals directed backward and crossing. Postoculars in upper half strong black in a single row; in lower half white longer and fine; postcranium greenish in ground-colour but grey dusted, below with long fine yellowish white hairs. Palpus long strap-shaped, yellowish with few short black hairs, no bristles. Rostrum in male very small in comparison to the huge rostrum in female; labella brown with long black hairs. Antenna very long, completely black. First segment long, 2.5 times as long as second segment; second segment short, apically with a crown of short black bristles. Third segment very long strap-shaped, laterally flattened, about 6 times as long as wide at base. Arista apical, apical segment much longer than basal segment, almost filiform towards tip. Ratio scape, pedicel, postpedicel, basal aristal segment, apical aristal segment (mm): 0.35: 0.14: 0.98: 0.28: 0.38. Thorax: Thorax and scutellum with a shining dark metallic bluish ground-colour, covered with a fine grey dusting. A black stripe outside each acr-row. All hairs and bristles black. Pleura more densely grey dusted than mesonotum. Acr biseriate, about 7 pairs, the rows widening a little behind. Presutural dc multiseriate; 6 post-sutural dc: 4 short and 2 long prescutellars. A pair of strong scutellars. A long humeral with a shorter bristle in front; a very strong posthumeral, 2 strong notopleurals, 1 postsutural, 1 supraalar, 1 very strong postalar. All propleural bristles black, 4 short upper and 2 longer black lower propleural bristles (lower one twice as long as upper). Legs (Fig. 11): Yellow, all bristles black. All coxae greenish black in ground-colour, covered with a fine greyish dusting. All trochanters pale brown. Tip of mid and hind tibiae darkened at tip. All tarsi brownish yellow, becoming darker towards tip. Terminal segments completely black. Fore leg: Shorter than mid and hind leg. Coxa with short black bristles. Fore femur a little swollen in basal half; ventrally flat, with a row of fine pv in apical half; and av in apical half (could be considered as ventrals). A row of 3 short posterior preapicals and a stronger anterior preapical pointing forward. Fore tibia with 5 strong ad, 4 strong pd and a crown of 4 apicals. All tarsal segments densely set with black hairs and short black bristles. Fourth tarsal segment with a dorsal, asymmetrical forked protrusion, extending over the terminal tarsomere; outer branch of fork half as long as inner branch, tips pointed. Terminal segment with a pair of long normal claws and a thicker claw-like structure beneath the posterior claw. 2 well developed pulvilli and an empodium. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 1.82: 1.17: 0.42: 0.31: 0.21: 0.23. Mid leg: Coxa with short bristles anteriorly; no exterior bristle. Mid femur a little wider as fore femur; ventrally with inconspicuous bristles; a strong anterior preapical and 2 tiny posterior preapicals. Tibia with a 5 ad, 5 pd (might be considered as dorsal) and 5 longer av and a crown of long apicals. Tarsal segments 1 – 4 ventrally at tip with a pair short spinules as well as an apical comb of shorter black bristles. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 2.86: 1.82: 0.78: 0.65: 0.4: 0.4. Hind leg: Coxa bare. Hind femur stronger than mid femur, as wide as fore femur; ventrally almost bare; a strong anterior preapical, no posterior preapical. Tibia stronger bristled than mid tibia with 6 long av, 7 ad, 7 pd and crown of long apicals. Segments 1 – 4 ventrally at tip with a pair short spinules as well as a comb of black bristles. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 3.9: 1.69: 0.9: 0.52: 0.26: 0.26. Wing: hyaline, faintly tinged brownish, but anteriorly between costa and R 4 + 5 with a yellowish tinge. Membrane along veins R 4 + 5, M 1 + 2, M 3 + 4 and Tp sometimes brown to black seamed. Veins dark brown. M 1 + 2 sharply bent upwards and ending in costa closely near tip of R 4 + 5. Tp straight, a little longer than apical part of M 3 + 4. Anal vein well developed. Halter with white knob. Squama white with long white cilia. Abdomen: Shining dark metallic bluish; tips and sides of tergites with a greyish dusting. Sternites greyish dusted. Tergites densely set with quite long, black bristles; hindmarginal bristles a little longer than the other bristles. Only tergite 5 with very long marginal bristles. Sternites with very short hairs except for the longer marginals on sternite 4. Hypopygium yellowish brown (Fig. 11) sessile with tip of cerci hidden in sternite 4. Cercus shorter than dorsal surstylus (i. e., not surpassing the tips of the surstyli). Apex of cercus slender with a long bristle. Tip of dorsal surstylus set (Fig. 13) with a bundle of yellow bristles. Ventral surstylus at right side fused with dorsal surstylus (Fig. 16); ventral and dorsal surstylus separated at left side. Hypandrium with a large black dorsal protuberance (Fig. 13). Female: Body length: 8.4 mm; wing length: 6.3 mm. Body: Body more robust than in male. Antennae: Antennae about as long as in male, but third antennal segment not as wide. Second aristal segment filiform: length variable from a little longer than basal aristal segment to 1.5 times as long. Ratio of first, second, third segment and basal and apical aristal segments (mm): 0.42: 0.14: 0.84: 0.32: 0.38. Clypeus very large, as long as upper part of face, protruding over rostrum; tip pointed. Rostrum large: in lateral view nearly as long as height of eye. Palpus long, strap-shaped, brownish at base, paler at tip. Legs: Shape and bristling of legs similar to that of male. Fore leg: Fourth tarsomere as usual, without protuberance like in male. Terminal tarsal segment with a dorsal apical protuberance and with the usual claws and pulvilli. Ratio of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 1.82: 1.3: 0.52: 0.52: 0.42: 0.26. Mid leg: Ratio of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 3.12: 1.56: 0.65: 0.52: 0.39: 0.36. Hind leg: Ratio of tibia and tarsal segments (mm): 3.64: 1.56: 0.9: 0.78: 0.42: 0.36.	en	Grootaert, Patrick, Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi (2014): Revision of Ngirhaphium (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of two new species from Singapore’s mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 146-160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502148
