taxonID	type	description	language	source
D978E8BF0BBE5144B397F4690B165C75.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We dedicate this species to MV friend and colleague Dr. Anne Winters, evolutionary ecologist, who collected the sample in which the new species was found.	en	Vecchi, Matteo, Stec, Daniel (2021): Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) from Mississippi (USA) and Crete (Greece). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 281-306, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280
D978E8BF0BBE5144B397F4690B165C75.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 146 animals and 56 eggs. Specimens mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer's medium (93 animals + 38 eggs), fixed on SEM stubs (51 + 18), and processed for DNA sequencing (2 + 0).	en	Vecchi, Matteo, Stec, Daniel (2021): Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) from Mississippi (USA) and Crete (Greece). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 281-306, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280
D978E8BF0BBE5144B397F4690B165C75.taxon	description	Description of the new species. Animals (measurements and statistics in Table 3): In live animals, body translucent in smaller specimens and opaque whitish in larger animals; transparent after fixation in Hoyer's medium (Figure 1). Eyes present in live animals and after fixation in Hoyer's medium. Small roundish cuticular pores on the dorsal and lateral cuticle, as well as on the external cuticle of all legs (0.2 - 0.6 μm in diameter), visible under both PCM and SEM (Figures 1 B, C, 2 D). On the dorsal surface, pores are absent between cuticle folds and arranged in loose belts (Figure 1 C). Pores sparse on the ventral surface and visible only under SEM (Figure 8 C). Patches of fine granulation, on the external surface of legs I-III as well as on the dorsal and dorso-lateral sides of legs IV, visible in PCM (Figure 2 A, C) and SEM (Figure 2 D). A pulvinus is present on the internal surface of legs I-III (Figure 2 B, E). Claws Y-shaped, of the Macrobiotus hufelandi type. Primary branches with distinct accessory points, a common tract, and an evident stalk connecting the claw to the lunula (Figure 3). The lunulae I-III are smooth (Figure 3 A, C), whereas lunulae IV are dentate (Figure 3 B, D). A divided cuticular bar with double muscle attachments are poorly visible under PCM (Figure 3 A). Mouth antero-ventral. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Macrobiotus type (Figure 4) with ventral lamina and ten peribuccal lamellae. The stylet furcae typically-shaped, the basal portion is enlarged and has two caudal branches with thickened, swollen, rounded apices. Under PCM, the oral cavity armature is of the patagonicus type, i. e., with only the second and third bands of teeth visible (Figure 4 B, C). However, under SEM the first band of teeth is visible and composed of one row of very small cones situated anteriorly in the oral cavity, just behind the bases of the peribuccal lamellae (Figure 5). The second band of teeth is situated between the ring fold and the third band of teeth and composed of 3 - 4 rows of teeth visible in PCM as granules (Figure 4 B, C). The third band of teeth is divided into a dorsal (Figure 4 B) and a ventral portion (Figure 4 C). Under PCM, the dorsal teeth are seen as three distinct transverse ridges whereas the ventral teeth appear as two separate lateral transverse ridges between which one big tooth (sometimes circular in PCM) is visible (Figure 4 B, C). Pharyngeal bulb spherical, with triangular apophyses, two rod-shaped macroplacoids and a drop-shaped microplacoid (Figure 4 A, D, E). The macroplacoid length sequence is 2 <1. The first and the second macroplacoid have a central and a subterminal constriction, respectively (Figure 4 D, E). Eggs (measurements and statistics in Table 4): The surface between processes is of the Macrobiotus persimilis type, i. e., with a continuous smooth chorion, never with pores or reticulum (Figures 6, 7). Under PCM the surface between the processes is covered with wrinkles that appear as dark thickenings / striae, whereas under SEM the surface appears clearly wrinkled (Figures 6, 7). Processes are of a modified Macrobiotus hufelandi type (Figures 6, 7). The proper terminal disc is absent and instead 2 - 8 thick tentacular arms (typically 5 - 6) are present in the distal part of the process (Figures 6, 7). The tentacular arms present bubble-like structures (visible in PCM). Under SEM, each tentacular arm is distally divided into many irregular digitations that are sometime covered with micro-granulation (Figure 7 C-F). Also, under SEM micro-pores can be seen on the egg surface between the processes and around the process bases (Figure 7 C, E). Reproduction / Sexual dimorphism. The species is dioecious. Spermathecae in females as well as testis in males, clearly visible under PCM up to 24 hours after mounting in Hoyer's medium, have been found to be filled with spermatozoa (Figure 8 A, B). The species exhibits secondary sexual dimorphism in the form of clearly visible lateral gibbosities on the hind legs in males (Figure 8 B, C).	en	Vecchi, Matteo, Stec, Daniel (2021): Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) from Mississippi (USA) and Crete (Greece). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 281-306, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280
09232EF8DA105012889D06E87DF80330.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We dedicate this species to the singer, composer, musician, actor and the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest winner, Alexander Rybak.	en	Vecchi, Matteo, Stec, Daniel (2021): Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) from Mississippi (USA) and Crete (Greece). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 281-306, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280
09232EF8DA105012889D06E87DF80330.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 173 animals and 37 eggs. Specimens mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer's medium (156 animals + 32 eggs), fixed on SEM stubs (15 + 5), and processed for DNA sequencing (2 + 0).	en	Vecchi, Matteo, Stec, Daniel (2021): Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) from Mississippi (USA) and Crete (Greece). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 281-306, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280
09232EF8DA105012889D06E87DF80330.taxon	description	Description of the new species. Animals (measurements and statistics in Table 5): In live animals, body translucent in smaller specimens and opaque whitish in larger animals; transparent after fixation in Hoyer's medium (Figure 9 A). Eyes present in live animals and after fixation in Hoyer's medium. Elliptical cuticular pores (0.6 - 1.5 μm in length) present all over the body and clearly visible under both PCM and SEM (Figures 9 B-D, 10). Patches of fine granulation on the external surface of legs I-III as well as on the dorsal and dorso-lateral sides of legs IV clearly visible under both PCM and SEM (Figure 10 A, B, E, F). A pulvinus is present on the internal surface of legs I-III (Figure 10 C, D). Claws Y-shaped, of the Macrobiotus hufelandi type. Primary branches with distinct accessory points, a common tract, and an evident stalk connecting the claw to the lunula (Figure 11). The lunulae I-III are smooth (Figure 11 A, D, E), whereas lunulae IV are dentate (Figure 11 B, C, F). A divided cuticular bar and doubled muscle attachments are visible under PCM (Figures 10 C, D, 11 A, D, E). Mouth antero-ventral. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Macrobiotus type (Figure 12), with ventral lamina and ten peribuccal lamellae (Figure 13 A). The stylet furcae typically-shaped, the basal portion is enlarged and has two caudal branches with thickened, swollen, rounded apices. Under PCM, the oral cavity armature is of the patagonicus type, i. e., with only the second and third bands of teeth visible (Figure 12 B, C). However, under SEM the first band of teeth is visible as a row of irregularly distributed small teeth situated anteriorly in the oral cavity, just behind the bases of the peribuccal lamellae (Figure 13 A, B). The second band of teeth is situated between the ring fold and the third band of teeth and comprised of 3 - 4 rows of teeth faintly visible in PCM (Figure 12 B, C) and visible as cones in SEM (Figure 13 A). Teeth of the second band are larger than those in the first band. The teeth of the third band are located within the posterior portion of the oral cavity, between the second band of teeth and the buccal tube opening (Figures 12 B, C, 13 A, B). The third band of teeth is divided into a dorsal and the ventral portion. Under both PCM and SEM, the dorsal teeth are seen as three distinct transverse ridges (Figures 12 B, 13 A). The ventral teeth appear as two separate lateral transverse ridges between which one conical medial tooth (roundish in PCM) is visible (Figures 12 C, 13 B). Lateral cribrose area present in the buccal tube behind the third band of teeth (Figure 13 B). Pharyngeal bulb spherical, with triangular apophyses, three anterior cuticular spikes (typically only two are visible in any given plane), two rod-shaped macroplacoids and a drop-shaped microplacoid (Figures 12 A, D, E). The macroplacoid length sequence is 2 <1. The first macroplacoid has a weak central constriction, whereas the second is weakly constricted only subterminally (Figures 12 D, E). Eggs (measurements and statistics in Table 6): The surface between processes is of the Macrobiotus hufelandi type, i. e., covered with a reticulum (Figures 14 A, B, 15 A-E). Peribasal meshes of slightly larger diameter compared to interbasal meshes (Figures 14 A, B, 15 A-D). Typically, the reticulation between neighbouring processes is composed of two rows of peribasal meshes and with a third row of smaller mashes interposed (the third row sometimes missing) (Figures 14 A, B, 15 A-D). Mesh diameter is usually larger than the mesh walls and nodes (Figures 14 A, B, 15 A-D). The meshes are 0.4 - 1.4 μm in diameter, with roundish irregular shape. The pillars connecting the reticulum with the chorion surface are visible only under SEM (Figure 15 C). The bases of the processes are surrounded by cuticular thickenings that merge into the bars and nodes of the reticulum (Figure 15 C, D). These basal thickenings appear under PCM as short dark projections around the process bases (Figure 14 A, B). Processes are of the Macrobiotus hufelandi type with very elongated concave trunk and extremely reduced (narrow), round and convex terminal discs with irregularly jagged edges (Figures 14 C-F, 15). Under SEM the surface of the convex terminal discs is covered by small irregular granules and tubercles (Figures 15 C-F). Reproduction / Sexual dimorphism. The species is dioecious. Testis in males, which were clearly visible under PCM up to 24 hours after mounting in Hoyer's medium, have been found to be filled with spermatozoa, (Figure 16). In females spermathecae filled with spermatozoa were not observed. The species exhibits secondary sexual dimorphism in the form of small lateral gibbosities on the hind legs of males (Figure 16).	en	Vecchi, Matteo, Stec, Daniel (2021): Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) from Mississippi (USA) and Crete (Greece). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 281-306, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.65280
