taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F46A33FF9FFFC6FC6E292A8EFDF994.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Orthotheres turboe Sakai, 1969, by original designation.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9FFFC6FC6E292A8EFDF994.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Female carapace transversely ovate, distinctly wider than long, frontal margin slightly extending beyond orbits, just visible from dorsal view; male carapace rounded, slightly wider than long, with distinct front; MXP 3 positioned obliquely in buccal cavity, ischium and merus completely fused, elongate, carpus of palp subovate, articulating on subventral margin, propodus elongate, subcylindrical, dorsodistal margin extends beyond articulation with dactylus, dactylus inserted subterminally on propodus; P 2 – P 5 short, bilaterally symmetrical, P 5 shortest, dactylus short, distinctly hooked, P 3 and P 4 dactylus with ventral surface prominently excavated; male abdomen with 6 free somites and telson.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9FFFC6FC6E292A8EFDF994.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ng et al. (2008: 250) recognised eight species in Orthotheres Sakai, 1969 (see also Ahyong & Ng, 2007). Five of these species occur in the western Pacific: O. glaber (Bürger, 1895) (= Pinnotheres impressus Bürger, 1895) [Philippines]; O. haliotidis Geiger & Martin, 1999 [Australia]; O. laevis (Bürger, 1895) [Philippines]; O. longipes (Bürger, 1895) [Philippines]; and O. turboe Sakai, 1969 [Japan and Palau]; with four others in the Americas: O. barbatus (Desbonne, in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867) [West Indies]; O. serrei (Rathbun, 1909) [Puerto Rico]; O. strombi (Rathbun, 1905) [Florida]; and O. unguifalcula (Glassell, 1936) [Mexico]. Campos (1989), however, had earlier removed O. laevis and O. longipes from the genus and referred them back to Pinnotheres, commenting that “ … unlike Orthotheres, the female’s carapace of these species are not appreciably broader than long, and the dactylus of the walking legs are not uniformly very short and sharply hooked. ” (Campos, 1989: 1125). He also suggested that Pinnotheres glaber (Bürger, 1895) and Pinnotheres impressus Bürger, 1895, were close to O. laevis and O. longipes. Ahyong & Ng (2007) argued that because of the unusual structure of the MXP 3 palp, it seemed best to retain Pinnotheres laevis and Pinnotheres longipes, as well as Pinnotheres glaber (which they regarded as a senior synonym of Pinnotheres impressus) in Orthotheres for the time being. Campos (1989) is certainly correct in his assertion that Orthotheres is not monophyletic. Orthotheres turboe (type species of the genus), O. haliotidis and O. baoyu n. sp. form a tight group that should be recognised as Orthotheres s. str. Members of this genus are characterised by possessing a carapace which is transversely ovate and much wider than long, the females have a distinct front that is not prominently deflexed and is still visible from dorsal view; the MXP 3 ischiomerus is subrectangular to subovate with the mesial margin gently concave; the MXP 3 has a subcylindrical and elongate propodus with its dorso-distal margin extending beyond the articulation with the dactylus which is inserted subterminally on it; the ambulatory dactylus is strongly curved (almost at right angles) and prominently hook-like (Figs. 3 A, B, D – H, J – M; 6 A – K; 9); and the dactylus of P 3 and P 4 is relatively shorter and broader, with the ventral surface prominently concave (Figs. 3 E, G; 6 J; 9 E). The concave ventral surfaces of the P 3 and P 4 dactyli are more pronounced in female specimens. The dactylus on the other legs is flattened laterally, but there is not prominent concavity on the ventral surface. In O. haliotidis and O. baoyu n. sp., the MXP 3 dactylus insertion on the cylindrical propodus is clearly subterminal (Figs. 2 B, C, G; 5 B – E; 8 D – F). The condition in O. turboe is the same (Sakai, 1969: fig. 19 a) although his figure is not very precise. The problem is that in these species, the carpus of the palp is not inserted at the margin of the ischiomerus but actually submarginally on the inner surface (Sakai, 1969: fig. 19 a). As such, it is not easy to draw the palp accurately with the surfaces flat. A second group contains the American species: O. barbatus, O. serrei, O. strombi and O. unguifalcula, all of which have female carapaces that are also distinctly wider than long and the front strongly deflexed such that it is not visible from dorsal view (cf. Rathbun, 1918: pl. 19 figs. 1 – 4, 9, 11, pl. 20 figs. 1, 2; Campos, 1989: fig. 2). The mesial margin of the MXP 3 ischiomerus of these species is also deeply concave, and the MXP 3 propodus is clearly short and subovate or subconical rather than elongate, with the dactylus inserted terminally (cf. Rathbun, 1905: unnumbered second figure; Rathbun, 1909: 69, unnumbered figure; Rathbun, 1918: figs. 41, 44 a, 45; Campos, 1989: figs. 1 b, 3 a). The MXP 3 palp of O. unguifalcula figured by Glassell (1936: pl. 21 fig. 2) is inaccurate and it actually has three rather than two articles (see Campos, 1989: fig. 3 a). The MXP 3 ischiomerus of O. barbatus figured by Rathbun (1918: fig. 44 a) is rather short but appears to be damaged. The ambulatory dactyli of all four species are also gently curved and not strongly hooked (cf. Rathbun, 1918: pl. 19 figs. 1 – 4, 8 – 11, pl. 20 figs. 1, 2; Campos, 1989: fig. 2). There is a third group for the remaining West Pacific species. As re-described and figured by Ahyong & Ng (2007: fig. 24), O. glaber (= O. impressus) differs markedly from other Orthotheres in having a rounded carapace, the female frontal margin is visible from dorsal view, and the ambulatory legs (notably the dactyli) are asymmetrical, and while curved, are not prominently hooked. The carapace shape and P 2 – P 5 characters are more typical of species of Arcotheres Manning, 1993, but the form of the palp is clearly different. Orthotheres laevis and O. longipes also share the same set of characters as O. glaber; and all three species probably belong to their own group (cf. Bürger, 1895: pl. 9 figs. 23 – 25, 31; pl. 10 figs. 21 – 24; Ahyong & Ng, 2007: fig. 3 E, F). The MXP 3 dactylus is inserted subterminally in O. glaber (Ahyong & Ng, 2007: fig. 24 C, F); but appear to be more terminal in position for O. laevis and O. longipes (cf. Bürger, 1895: pl. 10 figs. 22, 24). While Orthotheres s. str. can be defined relatively easily; the other two groups of species previously referred to this genus will need to referred to new genera in the future. Specimens of these species are now being examined, and new genera will need to be established for them once this study is complete.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9EFFC2FC08291E8CBBFCB4.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 3)	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9EFFC2FC08291E8CBBFCB4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ovigerous female (12.7 × 9.1 mm) (USNM 125889), in stomach of Turbo argyrotomus Linnaeus, 1758 (Turbinidae), Yoron Island, Amami Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, coll. K. Sakai & H. Yamada, late 1960 s. Paratype: 1 male (4.8 × 4.5 mm) (USNM 126231), same data as holotype.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9EFFC2FC08291E8CBBFCB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Female: Carapace transversely ovate, wider than long, width to length ratio 1.39; dorsal surface smooth, glabrous, distinctly convex; front projecting slightly anteriorly beyond orbits, entire, margin distinctly sinuous with prominent median concavity (Figs. 1 B; 2 A). Eyes small, just visible in dorsal view; mobile, completely filling orbit (Fig. 2 A). MXP 3 outer surface with scattered short setae; dactylus elongate, inserted distinctly before base of propodus; propodus about 2 times length of dactylus, cylindrical, as long as subovate carpus; carpus inserted on inner surface of ischiomerus, just below distal margin; ischiomerus long, articles completely fused, anteromesial angle of merus angular to weakly angularfrom lateral view; exopod relatively stout, ca. 1 / 2 length of ischiomerus, flagellum 2 – segmented (Fig. 2 B, C). Anterior thoracic sternum wide sternites 1, 2 completely fused (Fig. 2 E). Chela long; mesioventral margin distinctly setose; outer surfaces of palm, fingers (except for distal and marginal parts) almost smooth; ventral parts of inner surface with numerous setae which do not obscure surface; fingers ca. half length of palm; dactylus occlusal margin with large subproximal tooth, with 3 or 4 denticles behind it; pollex occlusal margin with 1 subproximal tooth, with 2 or 3 denticles behind it (Fig. 3 C). Ambulatory legs short, left and right sides symmetrical; P 2 – P 4 merus relatively long; P 5 propodus elongate; no natatory setae present; relative lengths of meri P 2 <P 3 = P 4> P 5; dactylus short with prominently hooked tip, ventral margin lined with short setae; P 3 and P 4 dactylus relatively shorter, broader, dorsal margin carinate, ventral surface forming gently but prominently concave surface (Fig. 3 A, B, D – H). Abdomen wide, extending to buccal region, covering bases of ambulatory legs; telson deeply recessed into distal margin of somite 6 with gently sinuous distal margin (Fig. 2 D). Male: Carapace circular, slightly wider than long, width to length ratio 1.07; dorsal surface smooth, gently convex; front distinctly projecting anteriorly, margin prominently sinuous (Figs. 1 A, 2 F). Eyes distinctly visible in dorsal view (Figs. 1 A; 2 F). MXP 3 as in female (Fig. 2 G). Anterior thoracic sternum relatively wide sternites 1, 2 fused, with shallow concave suture (towards buccal cavity) separating from sternite 3; sternites 3, 4 fused, with very shallow groove separating them; sternoabdominal cavity reaching to just before suture between sternites 3 / 4. Chela relatively stout, shorter than in female; occlusal margin of fingers with distinct subproximal tooth and 3 or 4 denticles behind it (Fig. 2 I). Ambulatory legs short, left and right sides symmetrical; P 5 propodus short; no natatory setae present; relative lengths of meri P 2 = P 3 = P 4> P 5; dactylus short with prominently hooked tip, ventral margin lined with short setae; P 3 and P 4 dactylus with ventral surface gently concave (Fig. 3 J – M). Abdomen relatively wider; telson semicircular (Fig. 2 H). G 1 relatively stout, distal third gently curved outwards, tip with distinct dorsal opening (Fig. 2 I – K). G 2 short, with subspatuliform tip; exopod stout, almost as long as endopod (Fig. 2 L).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9EFFC2FC08291E8CBBFCB4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sakai (1969: 277) stated that a female (presumably the holotype) was 13.0 by 8.5 mm while a male specimen was 5.1 by 5.0 mm. The present holotype female measures 12.7 × 9.1 mm and the paratype male is 4.8 × 4.5 mm. The holotype female and paratype specimens examined agree with those he figured (Sakai, 1969: pl. 2 figs. 1, 2). The MXP 3 of the species, as figured by Sakai (1969) is misleading. It was clearly drawn in situ from the inner surface, with the structure still attached to the specimen and probably also at an angle, making it appear longer; and the propodus and dactylus very short (Sakai, 1969: fig. 19 a). The MXP 3 is actually less elongate, and the propodus and dactylus much longer (Fig. 2 B). For comparisons with O. haliotidis and O. baoyu n. sp., see remarks for the latter species.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9AFFC0FF1A2CFE8CBBF825.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 – 6)	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9AFFC0FF1A2CFE8CBBF825.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ovigerous females (12.7 × 8.8 mm, 12.3 × 7.9 mm) (AM P 3155), in Haliotis asinina, Masthead Island, 23 ° 32 ’ S 151 ° 44 ’ E, Queensland, Australia, coll. A. R. McCulloch & E. Le G. Troughton, no date; 1 ovigerous female (14.0 × 9.9 mm) (AM P 64672), North West Island, Capricorn Group, 23 ° 18 ’ S 151 ° 42 ’ E, Queensland, Australia, coll. M. Ward, December 1929; 1 ovigerous female (10.0 × 7.0 mm) (AM P 72222), Heron Island, 23 ° 26 ’ S 151 ° 55 ’ E, Queensland, Australia, coll. J. Bishop, no date; 1 male (7.4 × 6.7 mm), 1 ovigerous female (11.4 × 7.9 mm) (AM P 72223), in branchial cavity of Haliotis asinina, Heron Island, 23 ° 26 ’ S 151 ° 55 ’ E, Queensland, Australia, coll. M. L. Kok, 8 April 1963; 1 male (6.3 × 6.1 mm), 1 ovigerous female (13.7 × 9.3 mm) (QM), almost certainly from Queensland, no other data.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9AFFC0FF1A2CFE8CBBF825.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Female: Carapace transversely ovate, wider than long, width to length ratio 1.41 – 1.55; dorsal surface smooth, glabrous, distinctly convex; front projecting slightly anteriorly beyond orbits, entire, margin gently sinuous with shallow median concavity (Fig. 4 B; 5 A). Eyes small, just visible in dorsal view; mobile, completely filling orbit (Fig. 5 A). MXP 3 outer surface with numerous short setae; dactylus elongate, inserted distinctly before base of propodus; propodus about 2 times length of dactylus, cylindrical, as long as subovate carpus; carpus inserted on inner surface of ischiomerus, just below distal margin; ischiomerus long, articles completely fused, anteromesial angle of merus distinctly angular from lateral view; exopod relatively stout, ca. 2 / 3 length of ischiomerus, flagellum 2 – segmented (Fig. 5 B, D). Anterior thoracic sternum wide sternites 1, 2 completely fused. Chela long; mesioventral margin distinctly setose; outer surfaces of palm, fingers (except for distal and marginal parts) almost smooth; ventral parts of inner surface with numerous setae which do not obscure surface; fingers ca. half length of palm; dactylus occlusal margin with large triangular subproximal tooth, with 4 or 5 denticles behind it; pollex occlusal margin with 1 subproximal tooth, with 3 or 4 denticles behind it (Fig. 6 M). Ambulatory legs short, left and right sides symmetrical; P 2 – P 4 merus relatively long; P 5 propodus elongate; no natatory setae present; relative lengths of meri P 2 <P 3 = P 4> P 5; dactylus short with prominently hooked tip, ventral margin lined with short setae; P 3 and P 4 dactylus relatively shorter, broader, dorsal margin carinate, ventral surface gently but prominently concave surface (Fig. 6 E – K). Abdomen wide, extending to buccal region, covering bases of ambulatory legs; telson deeply recessed into distal margin of somite 6 with gently sinuous distal margin (Fig. 5 G, H). Male: Carapace circular, slightly wider than long, width to length ratio 1.10; dorsal surface smooth, gently convex; front distinctly projecting anteriorly, margin gently sinuous (Fig. 4 A). Eyes distinctly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 4 A). MXP 3 as in female. Anterior thoracic sternum relatively wide sternites 1, 2 fused, with shallow concave suture (towards buccal cavity) separating from sternite 3; sternites 3, 4 fused, with very shallow groove separating them; sternopleonal cavity reaching to just before suture between sternites 3 / 4. Chela relatively stout, shorter than in female; occlusal margin of fingers with subproximal tooth (larger in dactylus) and 4 or 5 denticles behind it (Fig. 6 L). Ambulatory legs short, left and right sides symmetrical; P 5 propodus long; no natatory setae present; relative lengths of meri P 2 = P 3 = P 4> P 5; dactylus short with prominently hooked tip, ventral margin lined with short setae; P 3 and P 4 dactylus with ventral surface gently concave (Fig. 6 A – D). Abdomen relatively narrower; telson semicircular (Fig. 5 F). G 1 relatively stout, distal third gently distinctly bent outwards, tip without distinct large opening (Fig. 5 I – L). G 2 short, with rounded tip; exopod stout, shorter than endopod (Fig. 3 M).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF9AFFC0FF1A2CFE8CBBF825.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present specimens agree well with the description and figures of Geiger & Martin (1999) whose specimens were from Queensland and Western Australia (see also Ahyong & Brown, 2003). The MXP 3 ischiomerus depicted by Geiger & Martin (1999) appears to be dimorphic although the authors did not discuss it. The inner distolateral margin of the ischiomerus of the male paratype was shown as almost straight and sloping, with the edge angular (Geiger & Martin, 1999: figs. 3 A, 4 A, B) whereas that of the female holotype was figured as evenly convex with the edge rounded (Geiger & Martin, 1999: fig. 4 C). The condition of the male paratype agrees well with those observed for the present series of specimens for both sexes, and there is no dimorphism observed. It is possible the female holotype figured by Geiger & Martin (1999: fig. 4 C) is anomalous in this character or the structure was figured at an angle. Geiger & Martin (1999: fig. 3) shows a gently curved G 1 with a relatively short distal part although Geiger & Martin (1999: fig. 7) indicates a G 1 more like the present one (Fig. 5 I, K), with the distal part more elongated and curved at right angles. The median part of the G 1 looks as if it has a low indentation (cf. Geiger & Martin 1999: fig. 7 B) but this appears to be an artifact of the SEM process. For comparisons with O. turboe and O. baoyu n. sp., see remarks for the latter species.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF98FFCCFC5529888DE5F7D0.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 – 9)	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF98FFCCFC5529888DE5F7D0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ovigerous female (12.7 × 9.4 mm) (NTOU CP 20020627 a), from 8.5 cm long abalone (Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758; Haliotidae), Tungsha islands, Taiwan, coll. M. - H. Chen, 27 June 2002. Paratype: 1 poorly preserved female (8.6 × 7.1 mm) (NTOUCP 20020627 b), same data as holotype.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF98FFCCFC5529888DE5F7D0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Female: Carapace transversely ovate, wider than long, width to length ratio 1.35; dorsal surface smooth, glabrous, gently convex; front projecting slightly anteriorly beyond orbits, entire, margin gently sinuous with shallow median concavity (Figs. 7 A, B; 8 A). Eyes small, just visible in dorsal view; mobile, completely filling orbit (Figs. 7 B; 8 A). MXP 3 outer surface with numerous short plumose setae; dactylus elongate, inserted distinctly before base of propodus; propodus about 2 times length of dactylus, cylindrical, as long as subovate carpus; carpus inserted on inner surface of ischiomerus, below distal margin; ischiomerus very long, articles completely fused, anteromesial angle of merus rounded from lateral view, subangular from submesial view; exopod relatively stout, ca. 1 / 2 length of ischiomerus, flagellum 2 – segmented (Fig. 8 D – F). Anterior thoracic sternum wide sternites 1, 2 completely fused. Chela relatively long; mesioventral margin distinctly setose; outer surfaces of palm, fingers (except for distal and marginal parts) almost smooth; ventral parts of inner surface with numerous setae which do not obscure surface; fingers ca. half length of palm; dactylus occlusal margin with large subproximal tooth, with no denticles behind it; pollex occlusal margin with 1 subproximal tooth, with no denticles behind it (Fig. 8 C). Ambulatory legs short, left and right sides symmetrical; P 2 – P 4 merus relatively long; P 5 propodus elongate; no natatory setae present; relative lengths of meri P 2 <P 3 = P 4> P 5; dactylus short with prominently hooked tip, ventral margin lined with short setae; P 3 and P 4 dactylus relatively shorter, broader, dorsal margin carinate, ventral surface forming gently but prominently concave surface (Fig. 9). Abdomen wide, extending to buccal region, covering bases of ambulatory legs; telson deeply recessed into distal margin of somite 6 with distinctly sinuous distal margin (Fig. 8 B). Male: not known.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF98FFCCFC5529888DE5F7D0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is derived from the Chinese name for abalone, “ bao-yu ”. The name is used as a noun in apposition.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
03F46A33FF98FFCCFC5529888DE5F7D0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The three species differ in various characters. For well-preserved female specimens, the dorsal carapace surface of O. haliotidis (Fig. 4 C) and O. turboe (Fig. 1 C) is distinctly more convex compared to that of O. baoyu n. sp. (Fig. 7 B). Although the carapace width to length ratios do not reflect it, the carapace of O. turboe appears to be the widest because posterolateral parts are more prominently expanded laterally (Figs. 1 B; 2 A); in O. haliotidis and O. baoyu, the posterolateral areas are only gently convex (Figs. 4 B; 5 A; 7 A; 8 A). The frontal margin of O. turboe is diagnostic in that it is distinctly sinuous, with the median part prominently concave (Figs. 1 B; 2 A). In O. haliotidis and O. baoyu, the frontal margin is only slightly sinuous with the median part gently concave (Figs. 4 B; 5 A; 8 A). The MXP 3 are distinct for O. baoyu; it has the most prominently elongated ischiomerus, with the anteromesial part rounded when it is lying flat (Fig. 8 D). In O. turboe and O. haliotidis, the ischiomerus is relatively shorter (Figs. 2 D, G; 5 B, D) with the anteromesial part somewhat weakly angular to angular in O. turboe (Fig. 2 D, G) and distinctly angular in O. haliotidis (Fig. 5 B, D; Geiger & Martin, 1999: figs. 3 A, 4). In O. baoyu, only when the ischiomerus is tilted at a 30 ° angle does the anterointernal part appear angular (Fig. 8 E), but is distinctly rounded when it is observed flat down (Fig. 8 D). The female chela of O. baoyu is distinct in that it is proportionately the longest, and the occlusal margin behind the large subproximal tooth on each finger is entire (Fig. 8 C). In O. turboe and O. haliotidis, the female chelae are distinctly shorter and the occlusal margin behind the large subproximal tooth on each finger is lined with several denticles (Figs. 3 C; 6 M). The proportions of the ambulatory legs differ. In O. turboe and O. baoyu, the merus of P 2 – P 4 is proportionately longer (Figs. 3 A, D, F; 9 A – G) than in O. haliotidis (Fig. 6 F, G, I). For the P 5, the propodus of O. turboe and O. baoyu (Figs. 3 B, H; 9 H, I) is distinctly longer than that of O. haliotidis (Fig. 6 H, K). The female abdomen is relatively widest in O. turboe (Fig. 2 B) compared to those of O. haliotidis (Fig. 5 G, H) and O. baoyu (Figs. 8 C; 9 B). In males, the carapaces do not differ substantially. However, the frontal margin of the male O. turboe (Figs. 1 A; 2 F) is like that of the female, being distinctly more sinuous than that of O. haliotidis (Fig. 4 A). There are no major differences in the structure of the MXP 3 between the sexes of the two species (O. turboe and O. haliotidis) in which males and females are known (e. g., Fig. 2 B, G). The male chelae of O. turboe and O. haliotidis are also very similar in shape and proportions (Figs. 3 I; 6 L). For the ambulatory legs, the P 5 propodus of O. turboe (Fig. 3 M) is proportionately shorter than that of O. haliotidis (Fig. 6 D). The male abdomens of the two species also differ, with that of O. turboe (Fig. 2 H) being transversely broader than that of O. haliotidis (Fig. 5 F). The G 1 s of O. turboe and O. haliotidis are very similar, but the distal third of O. turboe (Fig. 2 I, J) is more gently curved than that of O. haliotidis, which is more distinctly bent (Fig. 5 I, K). In any case, their hosts are different: O. turboe has been found only with the top shell Turbo (cf. Sakai, 1969: 277) while O. baoyu and O. haliotidis are from the same species of abalone.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Ho, Ping-Ho (2016): Orthotheres baoyu, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) associated with abalones from Tungsha Island, Taiwan; with notes on the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 229-241, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502042
