identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
490D07BA9D2C5339868F1F1162DF4E50.text	490D07BA9D2C5339868F1F1162DF4E50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax borealis Jirapatrasilp & Pall-Gergely 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Dicharax borealis Jirapatrasilp &amp; 
Pall-Gergely sp. nov. Figs 6G, 9 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype CUMZ 5072/1 (Fig. 9), paratypes CUMZ 5072/2 (2 shells; Fig. 6G), NHMUK 20200325 (1 shell) and SMF (1 shell) from Tham Ban Luang, Doi Ang Khang, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 19°52'13.7"N, 99°02'44.1"E, 17 Mar. 2000, coll. S. Panha, P. Tongkerd.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell medium-sized (SH up to 2.7 mm, SW up to 4.4 mm), depressed-conical. Spire ca. 1/6 of shell height. R1 with regular ribs; R2 twice longer than R3; R2 with ca. 72 ribs. R3 with very low, elongated swelling. Aperture oval. Inner peristome thickened, with three very shallow indentations, always without parieto-columellar indentation. Outer peristome expanded, not reflected. Umbilicus round.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Shell medium-sized (SH up to 2.7 mm, SW up to 4.4 mm), depressed-conical, solid, translucent, pale yellowish. Shell outline oval in apical view, spire ca. 1/6 of shell height. Whorls ca.  4¼ . Protoconch low, ca. two whorls, glossy and smooth. R1 ca.  1¾ whorls, with fine, regular ribs; with ca. 21 ribs in  ¼ whorl adjoining R2, ribs sharper near suture and inside umbilicus than in middle of body whorl. Boundary between R1 and R2 distinct as R2 contains more close-set and thicker ribs than R1; R2 with ca. 72 ribs that are curved towards aperture; R2 ca. 1/3 whorl and twice longer than R3. Boundary between R2 and R3 distinct due to shallow constriction; R3 with fine growth lines; with very low and elongated swelling. Aperture oval; slightly oblique to shell axis. Peristome double with regular outer peristome. Inner peristome thick, expanded, with three very shallow indentations, always without parieto-columellar indentation. Outer peristome thinner, expanded, not reflected, multi-layered (visible mostly in lateral view). Umbilicus round, open, approximately one third of shell width. Operculum unknown. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet "  Dicharax borealis " refers to the occurrence of the new species from the northern mountain of Thailand. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from the type locality in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Differs from the sympatric  D. cucullatus in having a wider shell, a rather oval outline, a shorter R3 with very low and elongated swelling, a less fringed and oval aperture and an inner peristome with three very shallow indentations, always without any parieto-columellar indentation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/490D07BA9D2C5339868F1F1162DF4E50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jirapatrasilp, Parin;Pall-Gergely, Barna;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros	Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros (2021): The operculate micro land snail genus Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1900 (Caenogastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Thailand, with description of new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143
7E65B4F0822C58BABD666E44B1A0C99B.text	7E65B4F0822C58BABD666E44B1A0C99B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax burchi Jirapatrasilp & Pall-Gergely 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Dicharax burchi Jirapatrasilp &amp; 
Pall-Gergely sp. nov. Figs 6F, 10, 11A </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype CUMZ 7428/1 (Fig. 10A), paratypes CUMZ 7428/2 (1 shell and 6 specimens in ethanol; Fig. 6F), HNHM (1 shell), NHMUK 20200326 (2 shells) and SMF (2 shells) from Tham Phaya Nakharat, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, 16°48'32.8"N, 101°57'23.9"E, 21 July 2020, coll. P. Tongkerd, A. Pholyotha.</p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  UF 347279 from limestone pass 10.0 km NW Ban  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.192215/lat 19.55305)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.192215&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.55305">Soppong</a>
                 , Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand, 19°33.183'N, 98°11.533'E, 800 m a.s.l., 23 Jun. 1987, coll. F.G. Thompson (1 shell; Fig. 10D)  .   UF 345622 from 10.2 km WNW of Soppong,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8805/lat 19.24075)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.24075">Road</a>
                 1095, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand, 19°33'N, 98°03'E, 820 m a.s.l., 20 Mar. 1988, coll. K. Auffenberg (3 shells). HA (locality code: 2018/41) from Hsihseng centre E ca. 6 km, right side of rd. + 500 m on unpaved rd., limestone hill, Shan State, Myanmar, 20°8.002'N, 97°18.024'E, 1000 m a.s.l., 7 Oct. 2018, coll. A. Hunyadi, K. Okubo, J.U. Otani (1 shell; Fig. 11A). CUMZ 7431 from Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 19°14'26.7"N, 98°52'49.8"E, 24-28 May 1997, coll. S. Panha, J.B. Burch, P. Dumrongrojwattana (4 shells; Fig. 10B, C)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Shell small (SH up to 3.6 mm, SW up to 3.5 mm), conical. Spire ca.  ½ of shell height. R1 with regular, strong ribs; R2 as long as R3; R2 with 36-43 ribs. R3 with either sharp and narrow or blunt and more elongated swelling in the middle of R3 or near aperture. Aperture round. Inner peristome blunt, slightly protruding. Outer peristome expanded (most conspicuously at the upper palatal position and near the umbilicus), reflected. Umbilicus partly or entirely covered by expanded outer peristome. Operculum multispiral. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Shell small (SH up to 3.6 mm, SW up to 3.5 mm), conical, solid, semitransparent, yellowish to pale orange. Shell outline round in apical view, spire ca.  ½ of shell height. Whorls approaching 5, last whorl large. Protoconch low, ca. two whorls, glossy and smooth. R1 ca. 2 whorls, with regular, strong ribs; with ca. 21 ribs in  ¼ whorl adjoining R2, ribs sharper near suture and flatter near umbilicus, most prominent when approaching R2. Boundary between R1 and R2 distinct as R2 contains more close-set ribs than R1; R2 with 36-43 ribs that are curved towards aperture; R2 ca.  ¼ whorl, as long as R3. Boundary between R2 and R3 distinct due to shallow constriction; R3 smooth with indistinct growth lines; with either sharp and narrow or blunt and more elongated swelling in the middle of R3 or near aperture. Aperture round; slightly oblique to shell axis. Peristome double with prominent outer peristome. Inner peristome blunt, slightly protruding. Outer peristome strongly thickened, expanded, reflected, most conspicuously at the upper palatal position and near the umbilicus, multilayered (visible in lateral view). Umbilicus is partly or entirely closed by the reflected outer peristome. Operculum thin; multispiral ridges not significantly elevated. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>In honor of Prof. John B. Burch, a prominent American malacologist, who, together with Prof. S. Panha, extensively studied the taxonomy and systematics of micro land snails of Thailand.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The new species is known from the type locality, Tham Phaya Nakharat, Khon Kaen Province, Northeastern Thailand. The other localities are Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province and Ban Soppong, Mae Hong Son Province, Northern Thailand, and also from Shan State, Myanmar.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Differs from  D. vestitus (Blanford, 1862) from Moditoung [Modi Taung, Arakan Hills] (Fig. 11B), and its subspecies  D. v. akyabensis (Godwin-Austen, 1914) from Baumi, Akyab [Sittwe] (Fig. 11C), both from Rhakhine State, Myanmar, by having a smaller shell with a higher spire, a longer last whorl and a less distinct and a narrower constriction between R2 and R3. Differs from  D. conicus (Godwin-Austen, 1871) from Samiamri, E of the Kopili R., Assam State, India (Fig. 11D) in having a longer last whorl, more close-set ribs on R2, and the inner and outer peristomes are narrower and less reflected. Differs from  D. imitator Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi in  Páll-Gergely et al., 2017 from Guangxi, China in having a less smooth R1, a much thicker peristome, a longer R2, a shallower constriction between R2 and R3, the last whorl less oblique compared to the columellar axis and a less triangular aperture (  Páll-Gergely et al. 2017). </p>
            <p>This species exhibits the variation of R1 sculpture from nearly smooth (Fig. 10A) to distinctly ribbed (Fig. 10C, D) and R3 swelling from sharp (Fig. 10B, C) to blunter and longer by having the anterior slope of swelling steeper than posterior slope (Fig. 10D). In addition, the umbilicus is open, or covered by the reflected outer peristome. The latter trait even shows variation within the same population (maybe also depends on the age of the examined specimens).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E65B4F0822C58BABD666E44B1A0C99B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jirapatrasilp, Parin;Pall-Gergely, Barna;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros	Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros (2021): The operculate micro land snail genus Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1900 (Caenogastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Thailand, with description of new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143
E64839C4C6075B7A80C6684D5F22F4E4.text	E64839C4C6075B7A80C6684D5F22F4E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax cucullatus (Theobald 1870)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dicharax cucullatus (Theobald, 1870) Figs 2, 3, 4A, B, 5A, 6H </p>
            <p> Alycaeus cucullatus Theobald, 1870: 396, 397, pl. 18, fig. 2. Type locality: Shan States [Myanmar]. Hanley and Theobald 1874: 39, pl. 96, figs 1, 4; Reeve 1878: pl. 2, sp. 12; Godwin-Austen 1914: 407, pl. 155, fig. 5; Tarruella and  Domènech 2011: 72. </p>
            <p> Alycaeus (Charax) cucullatus - Kobelt and  Möllendorff 1897: 150. </p>
            <p> Alycaeus davisi Godwin-Austen, 1914: 408, pl. 148, fig. 9, 9a. Type locality: Siam and Shan State boundary. New synonym. </p>
            <p> Alycaeus (Dicharax) cucullatus - Kobelt 1902: 367, 368; Gude 1921: 244, 245. </p>
            <p> Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) davisi - Gude 1921: 226. </p>
            <p> Dicharax cucullatus -  Páll-Gergely et al. 2020b: 57, 58. </p>
            <p> Dicharax davisi -  Páll-Gergely et al. 2020b: 58. </p>
            <p>Type material examined.</p>
            <p> Syntypes of  Alycaeus cucullatus NHMUK 1888.12.4.951-952 from Shan States (2 shells; Fig. 2A). Syntypes of  Alycaeus davisi NHMUK 1903.7.1.1630 from Shan States (4 shells; Fig. 2B). </p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  CUMZ 7421 from Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 19°14'26.7"N, 98°52'49.8"E, 24-28 May 1997, coll. S. Panha, J.B. Burch, P. Dumrongrojwattana (1 shell; Figs 3A, 6H). CUMZ 5071 from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.484276/lat 18.585695)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.484276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.585695">Tham Ban Luang</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.484276/lat 18.585695)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.484276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.585695">Doi Ang Khang</a>
                 , Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 19°52'13.7"N, 99°02'44.1"E, 17 Mar. 2000, coll. S. Panha, P. Tongkerd (34 shells; Figs 2C, D, 3B). CUMZ 7422 from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.484276/lat 18.585695)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.484276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.585695">Siribhum Waterfall</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.484276/lat 18.585695)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.484276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.585695">Doi Inthanon</a>
                 , Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 18°32'48.5"N, 98°30'44.0"E, 13-15 Oct. 2009, coll. C. Sutcharit (71 shells; Figs 3C, 4A, B). CUMZ 7423 from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.484276/lat 18.585695)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.484276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.585695">Wachirathan Waterfall</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.484276/lat 18.585695)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.484276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.585695">Doi Inthanon</a>
                 , Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 18°32'31.0"N, 98°35'53.8"E, 21 Jan. 2015, coll. P. Jirapatrasilp, R. Srisonchai, W. Siriwut, T. Seesamut, C. Sutcharit (10 shells; Fig. 3D). CUMZ 7424 from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.484276/lat 18.585695)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.484276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.585695">Doi Inthanon</a>
                 , 2,000 m a.s.l, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 18°35'08.5"N, 98°29'03.4"E, 21 Jan. 2015, coll. P. Jirapatrasilp, R. Srisonchai, W. Siriwut, T. Seesamut, C. Sutcharit (3 shells; Fig. 3E). CUMZ 7432 from Doi Inthanon, ~ 1,700-2,000 m a.s.l, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 18°35'08.5"N, 98°29'03.4"E, 5-6 Oct. 2020, coll. P. Jirapatrasilp, A. Pholyotha, W. Siriwut, N. Likhitrakarn, C. Sutcharit (6 specimens in ethanol; Fig. 5A)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell medium-sized (SH up to 3.5 mm, SW up to 5.5 mm), depressed-conical. Spire ca. 1/5 of shell height. R1 with regular, strong ribs; R2 longer than R3; R2 with 49-57 ribs. R3 with sharp swelling near aperture. Aperture round. Inner peristome with four to five indentations, always with parieto-columellar indentation, sometimes weak at basal. Outer peristome fringed, slightly reflected but not conspicuous. Umbilicus round. Operculum multispiral with elevated lamella.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Shan State, Myanmar (Gude 1921), and Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species was originally described from Shan State and diagnosed by its fringed peristome with five indentations (Theobald 1870). Later, Godwin-Austen (1914) described  Alycaeus davisi with a less fringed peristome with four indentations from Siam and Shan State boundary. Upon examining the type specimens, both species agree in having a depressed-conical shell shape, a long R2 and a sharp swelling of R3 near the aperture (Fig. 2A, B). The types of  A. cucullatus differ from those of  A. davisi in having a more fringed peristome and more indentations. However, based on recently collected specimens, we conclude that this variation is to be interpreted as intraspecific as we found that this crenulation may vary even within the same population from nearly smooth (Fig. 4A) via slight (Fig. 4B) to strong (Fig. 2C, D). Because both species were described from the same geographical region,  Alycaeus davisi is herein regarded as a junior subjective synonym of  Alycaeus cucullatus . Refer to Discussion regarding the color of living specimen and variation in spiral striation. </p>
            <p> Dicharax cucullatus differs from other species with similar shell shape and fringed peristome, i.e.  D. anthostoma (  Möllendorff , 1885) (  Páll-Gergely et al. 2017: fig. 19a, b) from China,  D. ataranensis (Godwin-Austen, 1914) (  Páll-Gergely et al. 2020b: figs 11, 12) from Myanmar and  D. fimbriatus (  Páll-Gergely et al. 2017: figs 35-37) from China and Vietnam in possessing a sharp swelling nearer to the aperture. In addition,  D. cucullatus differs from  D. anthostoma in having shorter distance between the inner and outer peristomes and from  D. ataranensis in possessing a shorter R3. Although  D. tangmaiensis (Chen &amp; Zhang, 2001) (  Páll-Gergely et al. 2020b: fig. 14) from Tongmai Town, Bomi County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China is very similar to  D. cucullatus , the distance between both  species’ type localities is approximately 1,100 km. Thus, the status of  D. tangmaiensis needs further scrutiny. </p>
            <p> Some specimens from Doi Inthanon possess a more depressed shell with a lower spire, a very low swelling of R3 and a nearly smooth inner peristome (Fig. 4A) very similar to  D. borealis sp. nov. However,  D. cucullatus could be distinguished from  D. borealis sp. nov. by a round aperture and always having a parieto-columellar indentation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E64839C4C6075B7A80C6684D5F22F4E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jirapatrasilp, Parin;Pall-Gergely, Barna;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros	Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros (2021): The operculate micro land snail genus Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1900 (Caenogastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Thailand, with description of new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143
933CEF800527566FA4F72D5BEA1D678C.text	933CEF800527566FA4F72D5BEA1D678C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff 1900	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Dicharax Kobelt &amp; 
Moellendorff
, 1900
</p>
            <p> Alycaeus (Charax) Benson, 1859: 177; Pfeiffer 1865: 43, 44; Kobelt and  Möllendorff 1897: 149, 150 (invalid; preoccupied by  Charax Scopoli, 1777 [  Pisces ]). </p>
            <p> Alycaeus (Dicharax) Kobelt &amp;  Möllendorff , 1900: 186 (replacement name for  Charax Benson, 1859, non  Charax Scopoli, 1777 [  Pisces ]); Kobelt 1902: 364; Gude 1921: 236. </p>
            <p> Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) - Thiele 1929: 108; Wenz 1938: 478, fig. 1225; Egorov 2013: 37, fig. 66. </p>
            <p> Chamalycaeus (Sigmacharax) Kuroda, 1943: 8; Egorov 2013: 37, 38. </p>
            <p> Chamalycaeus (Cipangocharax) Kuroda, 1943: 11; Egorov 2013: 36. </p>
            <p> Chamalycaeus (Awalycaeus) Kuroda, 1951: 73, 74; Egorov 2013: 35, 36. </p>
            <p> Dicharax -  Páll-Gergely and Asami 2017: 14;  Páll-Gergely et al. 2017: 10, fig. 5;  Páll-Gergely et al. 2020b: 48-53. </p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Alycaeus hebes Benson, 1857, by subsequent designation (Gude 1921: 236). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/933CEF800527566FA4F72D5BEA1D678C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jirapatrasilp, Parin;Pall-Gergely, Barna;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros	Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros (2021): The operculate micro land snail genus Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1900 (Caenogastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Thailand, with description of new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143
90E261C7B5A85C02872F8A21A5CAD9EA.text	90E261C7B5A85C02872F8A21A5CAD9EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax notus (Godwin-Austen 1914)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dicharax notus (Godwin-Austen, 1914) Figs 4C, D, 5B, 6E, 7A, B </p>
            <p> Alycaeus notus Godwin-Austen, 1914: 411, pl. 155, fig. 12. Type locality: Fort Stedman, Burma [Maing Thauk or Mine Thauk located in the east side of Inle Lake south of Nyaungshwe, Nyaungshwe Township, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar]. </p>
            <p> Alycaeus (Dicharax) notus - Gude 1921: 262. </p>
            <p> Dicharax notus -  Páll-Gergely et al. 2020b: 69. </p>
            <p>Type material examined.</p>
            <p>Syntypes NHMUK 1903.7.1.3065 from Fort Stedman (15 shells; Fig. 4C).</p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  CUMZ 7425 from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.54122/lat 19.366695)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.54122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.366695">Tham Luang Sa Koen</a>
                 , Nan Province, Thailand, 19°22'00.1"N, 100°32'28.4"E, 19 Jan. 2017, coll. C. Sutcharit, A. Pholyotha (174 shells and 13 specimens in ethanol; Figs 4D, 5B, 6E, 7A, B)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small (SH up to 2.2 mm, SW up to 3.6 mm), depressed-conical. Spire ca. 1/5 of shell height. R1 with regular ribs; R2 as long as or shorter than R3; R2 with 48-50 ribs. R3 with low blunt central swelling, more elevated in newly examined population. Aperture round. Inner peristome without indentation, with parieto-columellar angle in newly examined population. Outer peristome expanded, reflected. Umbilicus round. Operculum multispiral either with or without elevated lamella.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Shan State, Myanmar (Gude 1921), and Nan Province, Thailand.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Similar to  D. cristatus (  Möllendorff , 1886) from China and Vietnam as well as  D. depressus (Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1912) and the rounded peristome morph of  D. fimbriatus (the latter two known from Pac Kha, northern Vietnam) in shell size and shape, length of R2 and R3, and position of the swelling in R3 (  Páll-Gergely et al. 2017). The specimens from Nan Province, Thailand (Fig. 4D) differ from the type specimens in having a longer R3, a more shouldered R3 swelling, a stronger descending aperture, and a parieto-columellar angle. Despite those differences, we preliminarily identified the specimens from Nan Province as  D. notus . Refer to Discussion regarding the color of living specimen and variation in operculum morphology. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/90E261C7B5A85C02872F8A21A5CAD9EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jirapatrasilp, Parin;Pall-Gergely, Barna;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros	Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros (2021): The operculate micro land snail genus Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1900 (Caenogastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Thailand, with description of new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143
1C276FCEEFB257D1B5EA4376DB254B83.text	1C276FCEEFB257D1B5EA4376DB254B83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax omissus (Godwin-Austen 1914)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dicharax omissus (Godwin-Austen, 1914) Figs 6A, 8A, B </p>
            <p> Alycaeus omissus Godwin-Austen, 1914: 411, pl. 155, fig. 13. Type locality: Siam and Shan State boundary. </p>
            <p> Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) omissus - Gude 1921: 231. </p>
            <p> Dicharax (?)  Dicharax omissus -  Páll-Gergely et al. 2020b: 100. </p>
            <p>Type material examined.</p>
            <p>Syntypes NHMUK 1903.7.1.1228 from Siam &amp; Shan boundary (2 shells; Fig. 8A).</p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  CUMZ 7426 from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.21594/lat 19.574696)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.21594&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.574696">Tham Mae La Na</a>
                 , Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand, 19°34'28.9"N, 98°12'57.4"E, 19 Jan. 2017, coll. C. Sutcharit (1 shell; Figs 6A, 8B)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell very small (SH up to 1.7 mm, SW up to 2.7 mm), depressed-conical. Spire ca. 1/4 of shell height. R1 with regular, strong ribs; R2 shorter than R3; R2 with 35-36 ribs. R3 with blunt central swelling. Aperture round. Inner peristome without indentation, with beak-like basal protrusion in newly examined population. Outer peristome expanded, not reflected. Umbilicus round.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Border region between Thailand and Myanmar (Gude 1921), and Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimen from Mae Hong Son Province (Fig. 8B) exhibits stronger R1 ribs and possesses a beak-like protrusion at the base of the aperture, which is absent in the syntype (Fig. 8A). Apart from these differences, this specimen is nearly identical to the syntype in terms of shell size and shape, and R2 and R3 length. In addition, the locality of this specimen lies only approximately 12 km from the boundary between Thailand and Shan State, Myanmar. We thus identify this specimen as  D. omissus . The most similar species to  D. omissus is  D. notus , which is larger and has reflected outer peristome. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C276FCEEFB257D1B5EA4376DB254B83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jirapatrasilp, Parin;Pall-Gergely, Barna;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros	Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros (2021): The operculate micro land snail genus Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1900 (Caenogastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Thailand, with description of new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143
77D9199D9ECA5F1D835AD07CC058731B.text	77D9199D9ECA5F1D835AD07CC058731B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax panhai Jirapatrasilp & Pall-Gergely 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Dicharax panhai Jirapatrasilp &amp; 
Pall-Gergely sp. nov. Figs 6C, 12A-C </p>
            <p> Dicharax pratatensis -  Páll-Gergely et al. 2020b: 71, 72. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype CUMZ 7429/1 (Fig. 12A), paratypes CUMZ 7429/2 (16 shells; Figs 6C, 12B), HNHM (2 shells), NHMUK 20200327 (2 shells), paratypes of "  Alycaeus pratatensis Cy 003" FMNH (2 shells), SMF 331452 (2 shells; Fig. 12C) and UMMZ (2 shells) from Tham Pratat, Erawan National Park, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, 14°23'50.8"N, 99°04'56.3"E, 230 a.s.l., 26 Oct. 1996, coll. S. Panha. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small (SH up to 2.4 mm, SW up to 3.1 mm), depressed-conical with triangular dorsal side and widened, sigmoid last whorl. Spire ca. 1/3 of shell height. R1 with regular, thread-like ribs; R2 twice shorter than R3; R2 with ca. 18 ribs. R3 with blunt central swelling. Aperture round. Inner peristome thick, protruding. Outer peristome expanded, not reflected. Umbilicus elliptical.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Shell small (SH up to 2.4 mm, SW up to 3.1 mm), depressed-conical with triangular dorsal side and widened, sigmoid last whorl; solid, worn out white; the exact color of non-weathered (fresh) shells unknown. Shell outline oval in apical view, spire ca. 1/3 of shell height. Whorls ca. 4 and 1/8. Protoconch low, ca. two whorls, glossy and smooth. R1 ca.  1¾ whorls with fine, regular, thread-like ribs; with ca. 14 ribs in  ¼ whorl adjoining R2, ribs sharper near suture and flatter near umbilicus. Boundary between R1 and R2 distinct as R2 contains more close-set ribs than R1; R2 with ca. 18 ribs that are curved towards aperture; R2 ca. 1/8 whorl, twice shorter than R3. Boundary between R2 and R3 distinct due to shallow constriction; R3 initially coils horizontally forming a flat base, but aperture strongly descent being strongly oblique to shell axis; R3 mostly smooth with indistinct growth lines that become stronger near aperture; with blunt central swelling. Aperture round; slightly oblique to shell axis. Peristome double with regular outer peristome. Inner peristome thick, protruding. Outer peristome slightly expanded, not reflected, multi-layered (visible mostly in lateral view). Umbilicus elliptical, open, slightly more than one third of shell width. Operculum unknown. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>In honor of Prof. Somsak Panha, a prominent Thai malacologist and our beloved professor who initiated the taxonomic and systematic study of land snails and other terrestrial invertebrates in Thailand and surrounding areas of mainland Southeast Asia.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The new species is known only from the type locality in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Similar to  D. pratatensis from Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand in having a depressed-conical shell shape and R3 with blunt swelling, but differs in having a conical apical part on a wide shell base, less distinct ribs of R1 and shorter R2 with less ribs. The short R2 and breathing tube is also exhibited in  D. abdoui Páll-Gergely in  Páll-Gergely et al., 2017 from Khammouane Province, Laos and  D. stuparum from Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand, but  D. panhai sp. nov. is larger, comprises more whorls, has a more elevated spire and a larger last whorl (  Páll-Gergely et al. 2017,  Páll-Gergely and Hunyadi 2018). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/77D9199D9ECA5F1D835AD07CC058731B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jirapatrasilp, Parin;Pall-Gergely, Barna;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros	Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros (2021): The operculate micro land snail genus Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1900 (Caenogastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Thailand, with description of new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143
B9D7027C43135775BA3470684421F17B.text	B9D7027C43135775BA3470684421F17B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax pongrati Jirapatrasilp & Tongkerd 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dicharax pongrati Jirapatrasilp &amp; Tongkerd sp. nov. Figs 6D, 7C, 12D </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype CUMZ 7430/1 (Fig. 12D), paratypes CUMZ 7430/2 (56 shells; Figs 6D, 7C), HNHM (2 shells), NHMUK 20200328 (2 shells) and SMF (2 shells) from Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 19°14'26.7"N, 98°52'49.8"E, 24-28 May 1997, coll. S. Panha, J.B. Burch, P. Dumrongrojwattana.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Shell medium-sized (SH up to 2.3 mm, SW up to 4.4 mm), lenticular, depressed-conical. Spire ca.  ¼ of shell height. R1 with regular, thread-like ribs; R2 three times longer than R3; R2 with ca. 76 ribs. R3 strongly reduced, without swelling. Aperture round. Inner peristome with two shallow indentations. Outer peristome expanded, slightly reflected. Umbilicus elliptical. Operculum multispiral, with or without elevated lamella. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Shell medium-sized (SH up to 2.3 mm, SW up to 4.4 mm), lenticular, depressed-conical, solid, translucent, yellowish to pale orange. Shell outline oval in apical view, spire ca.  ¼ of shell height. Whorls ca. 4 and 1/8. Protoconch low, ca. two whorls, glossy and smooth. R1 ca.  1¾ whorls with fine, regular, thread-like ribs; with ca. 17 ribs in  ¼ whorl adjoining R2, ribs more elevated and sharper near suture and flatter near umbilicus and at the edge of body whorl. Boundary between R1 and R2 distinct as R2 contains denser and thicker ribs than R1; R2 with ca. 76 ribs that are curved towards aperture; R2 ca. 1/3 whorl, three times longer than R3. Boundary between R2 and R3 distinct due to shallow constriction; R3 strongly reduced, without swelling, practically the constriction continues directly to outer peristome. Aperture round; slightly oblique to shell axis. Peristome double with regular outer peristome. Inner peristome slim, slightly protruding, with two shallow indentations. Outer peristome thickened, expanded, slightly reflected, multilayered (visible in lateral view). Umbilicus elliptical, open, approximately one third of shell width. Operculum either thin with low lamella or thick with elevated lamella. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>In honor of Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana, a Thai malacologist who has studied micro land snails of Thailand and was one of the collectors of this new species.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The new species is known only from the type locality in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Differs from the sympatric and similar depressed-conical  D. pratatensis in having a wider and more depressed shell, a much longer R2, a shorter R3 without a swelling and two shallow indentations at the inner peristome. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9D7027C43135775BA3470684421F17B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jirapatrasilp, Parin;Pall-Gergely, Barna;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros	Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros (2021): The operculate micro land snail genus Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1900 (Caenogastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Thailand, with description of new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143
E6B6BF891D4A5897B6A04011D0E21EBA.text	E6B6BF891D4A5897B6A04011D0E21EBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax pratatensis (Panha & Burch 1997)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dicharax pratatensis (Panha &amp; Burch, 1997) Figs 6B, 8C, D </p>
            <p> Alycaeus pratatensis Panha &amp; Burch, 1997: 119-122, fig. 2a-c. Type locality: "Tham Pratat, Erawan National Park, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand", hereby emended to: "Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand". </p>
            <p>Type material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype CUMZ Cy 001 (Fig. 8C), paratypes CUMZ Cy 002 (2 shells; Fig. 8D), FMNH (1 shell), NHMUK 20200324 (2 shells) and UMMZ (1 shell) from Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 19°14'26.7"N, 98°52'49.8"E, 24-28 May 1997, coll. S. Panha, J.B. Burch, P. Dumrongrojwattana.</p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  CUMZ 7427 from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8805/lat 19.24075)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.24075">Doi Chiang Dao</a>
                 , Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 19°14'26.7"N, 98°52'49.8"E, 24-28 May 1997, coll. S. Panha, J.B. Burch, P. Dumrongrojwattana (16 shells; Fig. 6B)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small (SH up to 2 mm, SW up to 3.2 mm), depressed-conical. Spire ca. 1/6 of shell height. R1 with regular, very strong ribs; R2 shorter than R3; R2 with 44-51 ribs. R3 with prominent, blunt swelling near aperture, anterior slope of swelling steeper than posterior slope. Aperture round. Inner peristome thickened, protruding, with slight parieto-columellar angle. Outer peristome expanded, not reflected. Umbilicus round. Operculum multispiral.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known only from Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Re-examination of the type materials (holotype Cy 001: Fig. 8C and paratypes Cy 002: Fig. 8D) deposited in CUMZ and figured in the original description (Panha and Burch 1997: fig. 2) revealed that the locality code associated with the types points to "Doi Chiang Dao". However, the locality of the paratypes of  Alycaeus pratatensis deposited in SMF (inv. number: 331452) appears as "Tham Pratat, Erawan National Park, Kanchanaburi Province". After we compared all the type materials to the same specimen lots of both localities housed in the general CUMZ collections and communicated with S. Panha, it became evident that the type material might have been mis-allocated. We conclude that the published type locality of  A. pratatensis (Tham Pratat, Erawan National Park, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand) is incorrect, and another species (  Dicharax panhai sp. nov.) lives there. Thus, the type locality of  A. pratatensis is hereby amended to Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.  Páll-Gergely et al. (2020b: 71) transferred  A. pratatensis to  Dicharax based on the examination of paratype specimens deposited in the Senckenberg Museum (SMF 331452). However, the present study revealed that those shells and all other CUMZ specimens from Tham Pratat, Erawan National Park, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand belong to  D. panhai sp. nov. (see below). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E6B6BF891D4A5897B6A04011D0E21EBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jirapatrasilp, Parin;Pall-Gergely, Barna;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros	Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros (2021): The operculate micro land snail genus Dicharax Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1900 (Caenogastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Thailand, with description of new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59143
