identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CD2FF38FC7A7655CE1AF1E0501BC7B00.text	CD2FF38FC7A7655CE1AF1E0501BC7B00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antispila petryi Martini 2018	<div><p>Antispila petryi Martini sp. rev. Figs 1, 2, 7, 10, 11-15, 21-23, 27, 29, 31, 33-35, 39, 40, 43-45, 49-52, 55</p><p>Antispila petryi Martini, 1899: 398. Syntypes: Germany: 12-14 adults,  Thüringen, Sachsenburg, caterpillars 18.viii.-8.ix.1895,  Cornus sanguinea, emerged 6-24.vi.1896, 1898, Martini; ditto, caterpillars mid ix.-3.x.1897, no emergence date given (at least seven syntypes in NHMUK via Hofmann collection, examined by DCL).</p><p>Antispila petryi; Spuler and Meess 1910: 471; Martini 1917: 158 (records  Thüringen); Hering 1932: 18 (key); Toll 1947: 31 (Poland);  Dziurzyński 1952: 1 (monograph, Poland); Bentinck 1951: 331 (corrected id Dutch record); Hering 1957: 325 (leafmine);  Gozmány 1965: 47 (footnote, key, Hungary); Hering 1968: 120 (letter to Klimesch of 1952);  Szőcs 1973: 452 (Hungary);  Maček 1974a: 56 (Slovenia);  Maček 1974b: 94 (Slovenia); Emmet 1976: 306 (description, England); Lempke 1976: 14 (Netherlands, checklist);  Szőcs 1977: 121 (leafmine key); Kuznetsov 1978: 73 (keys);  Szőcs 1979: 46 (Hungary:  Börzsöny);  Szőcs 1981: 210 (Hungary: Budapest);  Szabóky 1982: 8 (Hungary: Bakony); Emmet 1988: 38 (biology);  Laštůvka et al. 1993: 36 (Czech Republic: Moravia); Corley et al. 2015: 60 (Portugal, checklist); Corley et al. 2016: 619 (Portugal).</p><p>Elachista treitschkeella [Misidentification, Unjustified emendation]; Stainton 1851: 9 (England).</p><p>Elachista treitschkiella [Misidentification]; Stainton 1854: 250 (England); Fologne 1860: 109 (Belgium, probably  Antispila petryi).</p><p>Antispila treitschkiella [Misidentification]; Healy 1864: 126 (life history); Stainton et al. 1870: 318 (England); Wocke 1874: 88 (Schlesien, now Poland); Heinemann and Wocke [1876]: 515 (description, Germany); Glitz 1877: 40 (Germany: Hannover); Sand 1879: 192 (France); Frey 1880: 405 (Switzerland);  Rössler 1881:323 (Germany: Hessen); Meyrick 1895: 684 (England); Buhr 1935: 158 (Germany: Mecklenburg); Doets 1949: 416 (the Netherlands); Lhomme 1963: 1157 (France, partim); Wojtusiak 1976: 12 (partim, key); Razowski 1978: 96 (Poland, partim,  Antispila petryi synonymised); Steuer 1984: 102 (Germany:  Thüringen); Klimesch 1990: 77 (partim, Austria); Svensson 2007: 44 (Sweden); Bengtsson et al. 2008: 288 (key, description, Sweden);  Jürivete 2012: 2 (Estonia).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Total 23♂, 27♀:  France (leafmines), Germany (2♂, 1♀, leafmines), Greece (1♂, larvae, leafmines), The Netherlands (14♂, 12♀, larvae, leafmines), Switzerland (5♂, 14♀, larvae, leafmines), United Kingdom (1♂, larvae). Details in Suppl. material 1.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.  Antispila petryi and  A. treitschkiella differ from  A. metallella by their smaller size (wingspan 4.8-7.0 mm against 6.8-8.5 mm) and in male by presence of a tuft of yellow androconial scales on forewing underside.  A. petryi differs from  A. treitschkiella by the usually smaller and more triangular costal spot at 2/3, and  A. petryi is on average smaller than  A. treitschkiella, but there is some overlap (wingspan 4.8-6.1 against 5.7-7.0 mm). In the male genitalia, the indentations in the uncus are shallower in  A. petryi than in  A. treitschkiella, the lateral process of the transtilla is straight and widened and the shorter phallus bears two types of spines externally. The horseshoe-shaped sclerotized anellus is characteristic for  A. petryi, an anellus is undeveloped in  A. treitschkiella . Separation by female genitalia not reliable.</p><p>Larva easily separated from  A. metallella by presence of a row of dorsal black dots, in contrast to  A. treitschkiella, a total of nine dots, including the mesothorax, but some of these may be poorly melanised, making this character not always useable; abdominal segment 8 with a single row of five black warts. Leafmines in principle not separable without larva or when hostplant species is not known.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Figs 1, 49, 50). Head, face and vertex covered with appressed lead-grey scales. Antenna fuscous, clearly ringed, particularly near tip. Thorax dark fuscous, concolorous with forewings. Legs grey, tarsi ringed white at tip, spurs and undersides paler. Forewing dark fuscous to almost black with silver-golden patterning; an outwardly oblique fascia at ca 1/3, narrowing in middle, sometimes broken, dorsal edge slightly wider than costal; dorsal spot slightly beyond middle of posterior margin, triangular, reaching hardly to middle of wing, a similar triangular costal spot at 2/3, slightly longer than wide; fringe line distinct. Terminal fringe paler. Hindwing rather dark grey. Underside of wings fuscous, close to base a yellow to orange tuft of androconial scales. Abdomen lead-coloured, including vestiture on external genitalia.</p><p>Female (Fig. 2). Similar to male, androconial scales absent. Abdomen with slightly protruding ovipositor.</p><p>Measurements, male: forewing length 2.3-2.9 mm (2.7  ± 0.2, 12), wingspan 4.8-6.1 mm, 19-20 antennal segments (n=8); female: forewing length 2.3-3.0 mm (2.7  ± 0.2, 7), wingspan 4.8-6.1 mm, 19-20 antennal segments (n=3). For costal spot see Table 2.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 11-15, 27, 29). Uncus with two shallow setose lateral lobes and a more prominent central lobe, however, not reaching beyond a line between the lateral lobes; shallowly indented between lobes. Vinculum 335-350  μm long, anteriorly almost truncate. Valva length 230-255  μm, basally broad, more or less triangular, narrowing towards digitate tip; pecten on pedicel, with 15-16 comb teeth (Fig. 15); anellus a strongly sclerotised horseshoe-shaped band between valvae (this structure was termed juxta by Kuroko 1961 in  Cornus feeding species); transtilla plate-like, deeply indented anteriorly, sublateral processes distinct and widened at tips. Juxta anteriorly spade-shaped, about half as long as phallus. Phallus 375-385  μm long, phallotheca with groups of many scaly spines an less larger pointed spines; clearly two types of spines.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs 21-23, 31). Anterior apophyses 950-985  μm, posterior apophyses 1025-1085  μm (n=4). Oviscapt with two large lateral cusps and two smaller ones more distally, tip shallowly indented. Sternum 8 indented in middle. Internal genitalia not examined in detail, no sclerotisations visible.</p><p>Larva (33-35, 39, 40). Pale grey translucent, head capsule brown, prothorax with large black tergum and sternum. In instar IV, the final feeding instar, mesothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments 1 to 7 dorsally each with a central black spot, with fuzzy outline, more or less rhomboid, spots becoming smaller from segment 5 to 7; ventrally up to 5 spots on metathorax and segments 1 to 4. Abdominal segment 8 dorsally with a swollen hump, at the anal end lined with a single row of 5 black warts. Anal segment black. More details on earlier instars are given by  Dziurzyński (1952). The fifth instar is a non-feeding prepupal instar that is reached after one moult inside the case.</p><p>Biology .</p><p>Hostplants.  Cornus sanguinea, both subsp.  Cornus sanguinea australis and  Cornus sanguinea sanguinea, and incidentally on cultivated  C. alba (Wocke cited in Martini 1899 and see under Living collections). Martini (1899) reported also  C. mas as a rare host, but did that on venational characters of moths alone, which are unreliable; we thus consider these records for now as unlikely to be correct.</p><p>Leafmines (Figs 43-45, 55). The egg is inserted on the leaf underside, often on leaf margin (65% of 54 mines), or less frequent away from the margin; the oviposition site is recognisable as a reddish dot (the vesicula incubatoria of  Dziurzyński). The mine starts with a narrow gallery, almost straight along the leaf margin when the egg was laid there, or much contorted in other cases; it is usually filled with frass, but the width of the frass line is variable. Later mine expanding into a large full depth blotch, in some cases completely absorbing the earlier gallery; frass often in a clump near the origin of the mine and also scattered around. The larva prepares an oval cut-out of ca 4-5 mm length, usually at the other edge of the mine, lined with silk, and drops to the ground in this case. The larvae feed with ventral side up, but they start turning around in the blotch when preparing the cut-out. The gallery part of the mine is prepared during the first two instars, the blotch during instar 3 and 4.</p><p>Life history. Univoltine. Larvae usually from late August until October, in Greece still active in early November, few records from early August. Adults emerge in captivity from April to June, the few specimens collected as adults being found from June to early August. We assume they are mostly active during the day, rarely collected at light, but found in malaise traps.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widespread in Europe, local in southern England, in the Netherlands and Belgium local in hilly limestone areas in the South and East. Throughout central and southern Europe, but not known in detail, due to confusion with  A. treitschkiella, but correct records (on the basis of examined adults, larvae or hostplant data) exist from Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic (Z.  Laštůvka, pers. comm.), Austria (as  A. treitschkiella: Klimesch 1990), Switzerland, France, Portugal (Corley 2015), Italy, Slovenia and Greece. Recently recorded (as  A. treitschkiella) from the island  Öland in Sweden since 2006 (Svensson 2007) and the island Saaremaa in Estonia since 2010 ( Jürivete 2012).</p><p>The natural distribution of  C. sanguinea comprises most of Europe, in the north including the whole of the British Isles, southern coastal areas of Norway and Sweden (south of Stockholm), a northern limit in Estonia and in Russia below a line from the Latvian/Estonian border to Moscow,  in southern Europe including northern parts of the Iberian peninsula, all of Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and all of the Balkans except the Greek islands; local in northern Turkey, and widespread in the Caucasus region, reaching Iran (Popescu et al. 2016).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was described from an unspecified number of specimens reared by Martini from mines on  C. sanguinea, collected as caterpillars in 1895 and 1897 in Sachsenburg (not far from  Sömmerda) and with adults reared in 1896 and 1898. Martini also mentioned the species from Regensburg, Bavaria, and Breslau (now  Wrocław, Poland), but he probably did not study these himself, and relied on information received from respectively Hofmann and Wocke. Issue no 10-12 (Heft IV), pages 333-429 of volume 59 of the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitschrift was published in June 1899 (see page 429: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8946769). This would have allowed Martini to include the reared adults from 1898, although he did not give emergence dates for these.</p><p>Martini’s study is very thorough, comparing  A. petryi with  A. treitschkiella and  A. metallella (" pfeifferella "), including the biology and mines.  Martini’s collection of Palaearctic Microlepidoptera was presented to the primary school ( “Volksschule”) in  Sömmerda, his place of residence in the German federal state of  Thüringen, and is no longer traceable (Horn et al. 1990: 253). There is a series of seven potential syntypes of  A. petryi in the Hofmann collection in London, cited in Suppl. material 1, from which a lectotype could be selected, if found necessary. For now we consider the identity of  A. petryi sufficiently settled and refrain from lectotypification.</p><p>Wojtusiak (1976), in his keys to Polish species, lumped the  C. mas and  C. sanguinea feeders under  A. treitschkiella, but he did not propose a formal synonymy, nor did he mention the names  A. petryi or  A. stachjanella at all. The synonymy of  A. petryi with  A. treitschkiella was formalized by Razowski (1978). The translation of his argumentation in Polish [the paragraph on page 97 starting with: "Uwagi. Gatunek ten  …..”] for this synonymy reads roughly (edited from Google translation, kindly checked by Lukasz  Przybyłowicz):</p><p>Note. This species was known under the three names listed under the synonymy [viz. treitschkiella, petryi and stachjanella].  Dziurzyński (1948, 1952) gave some differences between  A. treitschkiella (F. R.) and  A. petryi Mart. and described in addition a new species. The extensive material examined by Dr. J. Wojtusiak allowed to conclude that these differences are unstable and fall within the limits of intraspecific variation.</p><p>The male genitalia figured by Wojtusiak and reproduced by Razowski resemble more  A. petryi than  A. treitschkiella, but some important characters are not illustrated (transtilla, anellus). Also in the drawings in Bengtsson et al. (2008) the anellus is not figured.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD2FF38FC7A7655CE1AF1E0501BC7B00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Lees, David C.;Doorenweerd, Camiel;Koster, Sjaak (J. C.);Bryner, Rudolf;Schreurs, Arnold;Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N.;Sattler, Klaus	Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Lees, David C., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Koster, Sjaak (J. C.), Bryner, Rudolf, Schreurs, Arnold, Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N., Sattler, Klaus (2018): Two European Cornus L. feeding leafmining moths, Antispila petryi Martini, 1899, sp. rev. and A. treitschkiella (Fischer von Roeslerstamm, 1843) (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): an unjustified synonymy and overlooked range expansion. Nota Lepidopterologica 41 (1): 39-86, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.22264, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.22264
901A2176097978EF68DB20EC3CAD0DC8.text	901A2176097978EF68DB20EC3CAD0DC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antispila treitschkiella (Fischer von Roeslerstamm) (Fischer von Röslerstamm) Herrich-Schäffer	<div><p>Antispila treitschkiella (Fischer von 
Roeslerstamm) 
Herrich-Schaeffer Figs 3, 4, 8, 9, 16-20, 24-26, 28, 30, 32, 36-38, 41, 42, 46-48, 53, 54, 56</p><p>Elachista
treitschkiella
 Fischer von  Röslerstamm, 1843 [March]: 297, pl. 100: 4. Syntypes, number and sex unspecified: Austria: Wien [Vienna], v-vi, leg. Mann, flying around  Cornus mascula . One potential syntype in NHMUK without date or hostplant information [examined by DCL; not dissected].</p><p>Oecophora treitschkiella Duponchel, [1843, 4 May]: 319, pl. 77:1. Syntypes, [Austria: Vienna, leg. Mann], received from Pareyss (independent new description) (Paris).</p><p>Antispila stachjanella;  Dziurzyński 1948: 3. Syntypes: unspecified number, both sexes: Poland,  Kraków, 1944-1946, 1948, ex mines in  Cornus mas; NHMUK [syntypes examined by DCL and by L.  Przybyłowicz] Synonymised by Razowski 1978: 96.</p><p>Antispila treitschkiella; Herrich-Schäffer 1855: 315 (recombination, Vienna); Rebel 1911: 420 (Romania); Toll 1938: 211 (Podolia, now Ukraine);  Jäckh 1942: 239 (Germany, Loreley); Hering 1957: 325 (leafmine keys); Klimesch 1961: 725 (Alps); Lhomme 1963: 1157 (France, partim); Hering 1968: 120 (letter to Klimesch of 1952); Kuznetsov 1978: 73 (keys); Razowski 1978: 96 (Poland, partim); Klimesch 1990: 77 (Austria, partim); Buszko and Beshkov 2004: 726 (Bulgaria);  Patočka and Kulfan 2009: 43, Fig. 52 (Slovakia, ecology);  Péré et al. 2010: 1014 (abundance, Bulgaria).</p><p>Antispila treitschkeella [unjustified emendation]; [Stainton 1851: 9 (misidentification for  Antispila petryi)]; Spuler and Meess 1910: 471; Hering 1932: 18 (key);  Wörz 1958: 271 (Germany,  Württemberg);  Gozmány 1965: 47 (Hungary, key);  Szőcs 1973: 452 (Hungary);  Szőcs 1977: 121 (leafmine key);  Szőcs 1981: 210 (Hungary: Budapest);  Szabó 1982: 159 (ecology);  Szabóky 1982: 8 (Hungary);  Tóth et al. 1992: 343 (sex attractants); De Prins 2007: 4 (Belgium).</p><p>Antispila treitschkella [misspelling]; Borkowski 2003: 114 (Polish Sudeten).</p><p>Antispila stachjanella; Hering 1957: 325 (leafmine);  Gozmány 1965: 47 (key); Berestynska-Wilczek 1966a: 433 (larval habits); Berestynska-Wilczek 1966b: 455 (nervous system);  Maček 1974a: 56 (Slovenia);  Maček 1974b: 94 (Slovenia).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Total 34♂, 33♀, 4 sex unknown:  Albania (1 ♀), Austria (2♂, 2♀, 2 sex unknown), Bulgaria (larvae, mines), Czech Republic (6♂, 3♀, leafmines), France (leafmines), Germany (1♂, 1♀, leafmines), The Netherlands (16♂, 16♀, 2 sex unknown, larvae, leafmines), Poland (4♂, 2♀), Switzerland (5♂, 7♀, larvae, leafmines), United Kingdom (1♀, larvae, leafmines). Details in Suppl. material 1.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>See  A. petryi . Larva see  A. petryi, characteristic absence of black dot on mesothorax (second visible segment), making a maximum of eight dots, abdominal segment 8 with 2-3 rows comprising many black warts of different sizes.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 3). Head face and vertex covered with appressed shiny grey scales. Antenna fuscous, ringed, particularly near tip, and better visible on underside. Thorax dark fuscous, concolorous with forewings. Legs grey, tarsi ringed white at tip, spurs and undersides paler. Forewing dark fuscous with a slight purple shine, with silver-golden patterning; an outwardly oblique fascia at ca 1/3, hardly or not narrowing in middle, dorsal edge slightly wider than costal; dorsal spot slightly beyond middle of posterior margin, triangular, reaching hardly to middle of wing, a more trapezoid or rectangular costal spot at 2/3, slightly longer than wide; fringe line distinct. Terminal fringe paler. Hindwing rather dark grey. Underside of wings fuscous, close to base a yellow to orange tuft of androconial scales. Abdomen lead-coloured, including vestiture on external genitalia.</p><p>Female (Fig. 4). Similar to male, androconial scales absent. Abdomen with slightly protruding ovipositor.</p><p>Measurements, male: forewing length 2.7-3.3 mm (2.9  ± 0.2, 13), wingspan 5.7-7.0 mm, 19-20 antennal segments (n=8); female: forewing length 2.3-3.0 mm (2.7  ± 0.2, 7), wingspan 5.7-7.0 mm, 19-20 antennal segments (n=3). For costal spot see Table 2.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 16-20, 28, 30). Uncus with two distinct setose lateral lobes and a more prominent central lobe that reaches beyond a line between the lateral lobes; distinctly indented between lobes. Vinculum 335-355  μm long, anteriorly almost truncate. Valva length 235-270  μm, basally broad, more or less triangular, narrowing towards digitate tip; pecten on pedicel, with 9-14 comb teeth (Fig. 20); anellus absent; transtilla platelike, in the middle emarginated anteriorly, sublateral processes long, thin and curved, hardly or not widened at tips. Juxta anteriorly spade-shaped, about half as long as phallus. Phallus 400-415  μm long, at phallotrema with group of larger pointed spines; most spines belonging to one type.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs 24-26, 32). Anterior apophyses 1030-1080  μm, posterior apophyses 1125-1160  μm (n=3). Oviscapt with two large lateral cusps and two smaller ones more centrally, tip distinctly indented. Sternum 8 hardly indented in middle. Internal genitalia not examined in detail, no sclerotisations visible.</p><p>Larva (Figs 36-38, 41, 42). Whitish translucent, head capsule brown, prothorax with large black shining tergum and sternum. In instar IV, the final feeding instar, mesothorax white, without spot; metathorax and abdominal segments 1 to 7 each with a central black spot, outline more distinct than in  A. petryi, more or less trapezoid to almost square, spots becoming smaller from segment 5 to 7, sometimes spots lacking on segments 6 and 7 and very small on metathorax (e.g. Ellis 2017). Abdominal segment 8 dorsally with a swollen hump, at the anal end lined with 2-3 rows of more than 20 black warts of different sizes. Anal segment black. More details on earlier instars are given by  Dziurzyński (1948). The fifth instar is a non-feeding prepupal instar, that is reached after one moult inside the case.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Hostplants  Cornus mas . Records on  C. sanguinea probably all refer to  A. petryi .  Szabó (1982) remarked on a large population in a Hungarian oak forest:</p><p>The larvae are monophagous and do not occur on the shrubs of  Cornus sanguinea L. which species is also very frequent in the forest examined.</p><p>There are some records on the planted species  C. sericea or  C. alba, but the accuracy of these is questionable. May be occasionally also on  C. officinalis (see below under Living collections).</p><p>Leafmines (Figs 46-48, 56). The egg is inserted on the leaf underside, frequently on leaf margin (82% of 135 mines), less often away from the margin; in pest densities, however, more mines appear away from the margin. The oviposition site is recognisable as a reddish dot (the "vesicula incubatoria" of  Dziurzyński). The mine starts with a narrow gallery, almost straight along the leaf margin when the egg was laid there, or rather contorted in other cases; the frass line is usually rather narrow. Later mine expanding into a large full depth blotch, in many cases absorbing the earlier gallery completely (in half of the marginal mines); frass often in a clump near the origin of the mine and also scattered around. The larva prepares an oval cut-out of ca 4.5-5.5 mm length, usually at the other edge of the mine, lined with silk, and drops to the ground in this case. The larvae feed with ventral side up, but they start turning around in the blotch when preparing the cut-out. The gallery part of the mine is prepared during the first two instars, the blotch during instar 3 and 4.</p><p>Life history. Bivoltine. Larvae of the first generation are found from June to July, a second generation from August until early November; it is possible that generations may overlap. Adults emerge in captivity from April to June (the few earlier records are almost certainly forced breedings), and again from July to late August; the few records of field caught adults agree with this pattern. The adults may swarm around the host during the day, as already was mentioned by Fischer von  Röslerstamm (1843). A recent observation of ca. 100 swarming adults on  C. mas in the Netherlands can be seen here: https://waarneming.nl/waarneming/view/139225815.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widespread in central and southern Europe, in the natural range of  C. mas, and north and west of it occurring on the frequently planted trees. Positively recorded on basis of adult or larval characters, or hostplant: England, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, Poland, Czech republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Bulgaria, and Ukraine. We record it here from Albania, one specimen on BOLD, GRPAL724-11, agreeing in DNA barcode (Table 1), and from Serbia and Greece on the basis of mines in herbarium specimens (see below). For Greece, there was only a previous record of  A. treitschkiella by Staudinger for which the identity cannot be confirmed ( Gozmány 2012).  Antispila treitschkiella has recently been expanding northwards and westwards with the widely planted trees in parks and gardens (see below). Not yet recorded from the Iberian Peninsula. Many records require verification because of confusion with  A. petryi .</p><p>The natural distribution of  C. mas is much more restricted than that of  C. sanguinea, its NW border being from SE Belgium to NW France, away from the coast, covering large parts of France, whereas it is scarce in isolated regions in Germany, West and South Switzerland, Austria north and east of the Alps, large parts of Italy and the whole of Southeast Europe south of southern and western Czechia, Slovakia, and southern parts of the Ukraine; also coastal areas of Turkey, Caucasus  region and Black Sea coast of Russia and Crimea, just reaching Azerbaijan and North Iran.  Cornus mas is absent from the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian Peninsula, except for a very small area in the Catalonian Pyrenees (Da Ronch et al. 2016).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The original description by Fischer von  Röslerstamm (1843) of  Elachista treitschkiella is based on an unspecified number of specimens, collected by the renowned Austrian collector J. Mann in the vicinity of Vienna, where the adults were observed flying in the afternoon and particularly swarming around sunset about bushes of  “Kornelkirschensträucher ( Cornus mascula)", i.e.  the European cornel or  C. mas . The hostplant and the detailed description leave little doubt as to the identity of this moth, also in the light of our DNA barcode findings. Fischer von  Röslerstamm named this species after Friedrich Treitschke, who died a year earlier on 4.vi.1842, and he added a long obituary in a footnote. Duponchel [1843] described the species independently again, as  Oecophora treitschkiella, also based on material collected by Mann, most likely in Vienna. De Joannis (1915) determined on the basis of publication dates that  Fischer’s name has priority (see also Fletcher and Griffin 1943). Because his name is Treitschke, Stainton (1851) emended the species name as  Cornus treitschkeella (used as misidentification for  A. petryi). He corrected this later (Stainton 1854), but Meess (in Spuler and Meess (1910) introduced this spelling again, which was followed by several authors, especially in Hungary, but the name is an unjustified emendation and thus not valid.</p><p>Fischer von  Röslerstamm’s Microlepidoptera were acquired in 1843 by  Herrich-Schäffer (Horn et al. 1990: 120, 168), whose collection was split up in various ways (e.g. via Staudinger, Hofmann) so that it is now extremely difficult if not impossible to trace his original specimens. In Vienna there are no likely syntypes of  A. treitschkiella (Sabine Gaal-Haszler, pers. comm.). There may be some FR specimens (?of  Antispila) in the collections of contemporaries such as Zeller (now in NHMUK). A single male specimen in NHMUK (NHMUK010305384) labelled "Treitschkiella Mann. Wien" is a potential male syntype of  Elachista treitschkiella, although unfortunately it bears  no collection date. Its correspondence with the  C. mas feeding  Antispila needs to be established prior to potential lectotypification.</p><p>Antispila stachjanella was described from an unspecified number of specimens of both sexes, bred by  Dziurzyński in 1944-1947 [1948] from larvae mining the leaves of  C. mas in  Kraków . In the Polish Academy of Sciences,  Kraków are about 150 (undissected) specimens of  A. stachjanella from Dziurzyń  ski’s rearings (1944-1948), none of which is clearly labelled as any kind of type, although at least some of them constitute a potential syntypic series (L.  Przybyłowicz, pers. comm.). In NHMUK there are four specimens under  A. stachjanella, two of which on loan, and two of which are labelled  “COTYPUS”, only one of which (NHMUK010305235) is apparently in the correct date range (the  other NHMUK010305235, is labelled 1949). The original description of  A. stachjanella is a short diagnosis in Latin amidst a long Polish text and a rather long English summary of six pages. The Latin text does not give information on types, but there is a drawing embedded on page 5, showing a male and a wing of a female collected in  Kraków Botanical Garden which emerged 26.vi.1948 ex larva (Dziurzyński 1948: 5). In Krakow there are 11 corresponding specimens which are undissected, two males and nine females (L.  Przybyłowicz, pers. comm.), one of which would potentially be suitable for lectotype designation. The whereabouts of specimens giving rise to illustrations of genitalia are unknown. Both in the collections in Leiden and London there are four specimens each of  A. treitschkiella from  Kraków, collected by S.  Błeszyński between 1946 and 1948. In  Kraków there are no specimens currently labelled  A. petryi and 36 specimens under  A. treitschkiella 14 of which collected by S.  Błeszyński up until 1948.  Błeszyński is acknowledged by  Dziurzyński (1948: 8, footnote) for his assistance. These 14 specimens could also be syntypes of  A. stachjanella .</p><p>It is somewhat mysterious why  Dziurzyński needed to introduce  A. stachjanella in such a detailed study, while he only briefly addressed the separation from  A. treitschkiella . A single specimen identified by Hering and collected by Toll in Podolia was his only comparative material, and he based the different identities on the fact that the antennae of his species were ringed, whereas the specimen of  A. treitschkiella he studied did not have rings. He also cited Rebel (1891), who briefly referred to this character, but also mentioned that other authors did not cite this ( Dziurzyński 1948: 6). In fact the ringing is only apparent on the upper side and may be obsolete in some specimens.</p><p>Antispila treitschkiella has been - under the name  A. stachjanella - the subject, of two very detailed studies respectively on larval behaviour and the central nervous system (Berestynska-Wilczek 1966a, 1966b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/901A2176097978EF68DB20EC3CAD0DC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Lees, David C.;Doorenweerd, Camiel;Koster, Sjaak (J. C.);Bryner, Rudolf;Schreurs, Arnold;Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N.;Sattler, Klaus	Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Lees, David C., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Koster, Sjaak (J. C.), Bryner, Rudolf, Schreurs, Arnold, Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N., Sattler, Klaus (2018): Two European Cornus L. feeding leafmining moths, Antispila petryi Martini, 1899, sp. rev. and A. treitschkiella (Fischer von Roeslerstamm, 1843) (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): an unjustified synonymy and overlooked range expansion. Nota Lepidopterologica 41 (1): 39-86, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.22264, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.22264
47E1C068FD2329AEB86E2E181F4D5D88.text	47E1C068FD2329AEB86E2E181F4D5D88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antispila metallella (Denis & Schiffermueller) (Denis & Schiffermüller) Koçak	<div><p>Antispila metallella (Denis &amp; 
Schiffermueller) 
Kocak Figs 5, 6, 57-61, 62-65</p><p>Tinea metallella [Denis &amp;  Schiffermüller], 1775: 144 (Dunkelgoldener Schabe mit 6. Silberzeichen). Syntypes, unspecified: Austria: Wien [Vienna] [not examined, collection lost by fire]</p><p>Tinea pfeifferella Hübner, [1813]: pl. Tineae IV, Nobiles, 59: fig 398. Syntypes, unspecified, Europe [not examined]. (Lost). A primary homonym of  Tinea pfeifferella Hübner, [1813]: pl. 63: fig. 422 (see Nielsen 1985). Synonymised by Werneburg 1864: 584.</p><p>Antispila stadtmuellerella Hübner, [1825]: 419. Syntypes, unspecified, Europe ( Hübner) (Lost). [Replacement name for the pre-occupied  Tinea pfeifferella, type species of the genus  Antispila Hübner, 1825]</p><p>Tinea quadriguttella Haworth, 1828: 574. Synonymised by Stephens 1834: 270.</p><p>Elachista pfeifferella; Stainton 1854: 250 (England).</p><p>Antispila pfeifferella;  Herrich-Schäffer 1855: 315 (recombination); Frey 1856: 283 (Switzerland); Stainton et al. 1870: 308; Wocke 1874: 88 (Schlesien, now Poland and Czech Republic); Heinemann and Wocke 1876: 515 (Germany); Sand 1879:192 (France); Meyrick 1895: 684 (England); Spuler and Meess 1910: 471; Grandi 1933: 178 (description larva); Toll 1938: 211 (Podolia, now Ukraine); Doets 1950: 166 (the Netherlands); Hering 1957: 325 (leafmine); Klimesch 1961: 725 (Alps); Lhomme 1963: 1157 (France); Hering 1968: 120 (letter to Klimesch of 1952);  Szőcs 1977: 121 (leafmine key); Kuznetsov 1978: 73 (keys); Razowski 1978: 95 (Poland, keys).</p><p>Antispila metallella;  Koçak 1984: 153 (recombination, nomenclature); Nielsen 1985: 24 (nomenclature); Emmet 1988: 38 (biology); Klimesch 1990: 77 (Austria); Bengtsson et al. 2008: 287 (keys, description, Sweden);  Laštůvka and  Laštůvka 2015: 635 (Spain).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Total 8♂, 20♀:  Austria (2♂, 2♀), Bulgaria (larva, leafmines), France (1♀, larva, leafmines), Germany (2♀), The Netherlands (4♂, 13♀, larvae, leafmines), Poland (1♂, 1♀), Romania (leafmines), Switzerland (1♂, 1♀). Details in Suppl. material 1.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Adults (Figs 5, 6) of  A. metallella are easily recognised by their larger size (wingspan usually more than 7 mm, usually less in the other two species), the more coppery to bronze colour of the forewings and in the male the absence of androconial scales. Male genitalia  characterised by truncate uncus and distinct spine on inner margin of valva (Figs 57, 59). Female genitalia difficult to distinguish (Figs 60, 61).</p><p>Measurements</p><p>(male). forewing length 3.7-3.9 mm (3.8  ± 0.1, 5), wingspan 7.8-8.5 mm, 24-25 antennal segments; female: forewing length 3.3-4.0 mm (3.7  ± 0.2, 11), wingspan 6.9-8.7 mm, 24-25 antennal segments.</p><p>Larva . A detailed description of a 4th instar larva was given by Grandi (1933) and (Ellis 2017). The larva differs from those of the other two species by the absence of dark plates, except on mesothorax and the last abdominal segment (Fig. 64).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Hostplants  Cornus sanguinea, both subsp.  Cornus sanguinea australis and  Cornus sanguinea sanguinea, rarely also recorded from planted  C. alba and  C. sericea (see herbarium results). In literature repeatedly recorded from  C. mas, but in most cases without any data nor references: these records are unlikely and should be checked. Some leafmine material of  A. metallella seen by us and labelled as from  C. mas appeared to be misidentified, either the insect (being  A. treitschkiella) or the plant (being  C. sanguinea).</p><p>Leafmines. Leafmines are larger than those of the other two species, and the species can be separated by the presence of test punctures near the oviposition site (Figs 62, 63, 65), the larger cut-out in vacated mines of 5.5-7 mm) (Figs 63, 65) and the larva lacking black spots on the abdomen (Fig. 64).</p><p>Life history. Univoltine. Larvae from early June to early August, much earlier than  A. petryi on the same hostplant. Adults fly from April to early June.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widespread in central and southern Europe, distributed further north than the other species: occurs in a few localities in southern Norway and southern Sweden, the islands Gotland and  Öland, the islands of Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, southern England to Midlands, all West and Central European Countries, just in the NE of Spain ( Laštůvka and  Laštůvka 2015) but has not yet been recorded from Italy (the earlier record by van Nieukerken et al. (2012b) was a misidentification of  A. petryi), with southernmost records from Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria and more eastwards Ukraine and European Russia.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Hübner (1813) used the name  Tinea pfeifferella in the same work for two different species; it was his decision as first reviser to replace the name published on the earlier plate (pl. 59) rather than the one on the later (pl. 63) with "  Antispila Stadtmüllerella " (Nielsen 1985). Although Werneburg (1864) already synonymised " pfeifferella " with  Tinea metallella, this was overlooked by most authors until the 1980s ( Koçak 1984; Nielsen 1985). The nomenclature of this species was extensively discussed by Nielsen (1985). Although the types of  A. metallella and its synonyms appear lost (Horn et al. 1990: 181, 347), they are not of primary concern for this paper, since the separation of both immatures and adults of this species is quite clear.  Antispila metallella is the type species of the genus  Antispila, settled by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Nielsen and Nye 1986; ICZN 1988).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/47E1C068FD2329AEB86E2E181F4D5D88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Lees, David C.;Doorenweerd, Camiel;Koster, Sjaak (J. C.);Bryner, Rudolf;Schreurs, Arnold;Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N.;Sattler, Klaus	Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Lees, David C., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Koster, Sjaak (J. C.), Bryner, Rudolf, Schreurs, Arnold, Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N., Sattler, Klaus (2018): Two European Cornus L. feeding leafmining moths, Antispila petryi Martini, 1899, sp. rev. and A. treitschkiella (Fischer von Roeslerstamm, 1843) (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): an unjustified synonymy and overlooked range expansion. Nota Lepidopterologica 41 (1): 39-86, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.22264, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.22264
